CN111837813A - Formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars - Google Patents
Formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837813A CN111837813A CN202010795135.7A CN202010795135A CN111837813A CN 111837813 A CN111837813 A CN 111837813A CN 202010795135 A CN202010795135 A CN 202010795135A CN 111837813 A CN111837813 A CN 111837813A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention provides a formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of cordyceps militaris residual matrix, 20% of wheat grain, 41% of birch oak wood chip, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 1% of pennycress powder, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime. The cultivation strain for cultivating the selenium-rich morchella esculenta has the characteristics of high spawn running speed, high sclerotium formation speed and strong hypha growth potential, can realize secondary efficient utilization of cordyceps militaris residual matrix and high-valued utilization of waste stalks of the selenium-rich plant pennycress, and reduces the use of grain and forest raw materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of morel cultivation, and particularly relates to a formula composition for producing selenium-rich morel cultivars.
Background
Morchella (Morchella spp.) belonging to Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina), Hymenomycetes (Discomycetes), Hymenomycetes (Pezizales), Morchellacaceae (Morchellacea) and Morchella (Morchella) is named because its pileus surface has a web-like ridge shape, and is shaped like Morchella. The morchella is a rare and rare edible and medicinal fungus, and has delicious, crisp and tender meat and extremely high nutritional and medicinal values. In recent years, the cultivation scale and area of morchella esculenta are rapidly increased due to the advantages of short artificial planting period, low labor cost, good economic benefit and the like, and the morchella esculenta gradually becomes another large cultivation type in the edible fungus industry of China. The wheat grains and the wood chips are main raw materials for producing the morchella esculenta, the problem of raw material sources is increasingly prominent along with the rapid development of the industry, and the development of novel raw materials for replacing the cultivation of the morchella esculenta is imperative.
Selenium is an important trace element participating in life activities of human bodies, and the selenium deficiency of human bodies can cause dysfunction of some important organs, so that a plurality of serious diseases occur. Selenium is an Ankang city business card, and an Ankang selenium-rich area is the selenium-rich area which has the largest area in the world, has the thickest selenium-rich stratum and is most suitable for development and utilization. The edible fungi and the selenium are organically combined, and the selenium-enriched edible fungi is developed to become a regional characteristic dominant industry in the Ankang market. The plant raw materials are the main raw material sources for producing the edible fungi, and the key is to screen out natural selenium-rich raw materials which ensure that the selenium content in the edible fungi product reaches the selenium-rich standard level.
Cordyceps militaris and morchella belong to the same ascomycetes, and have extremely high nutrition and health care values and strong selenium absorption and conversion capacity. A large amount of residual matrix is generated after the selenium-rich cordyceps militaris is produced, the efficient resource utilization approach is small, and the production environment pollution caused by infectious microbes is very easy to infect due to improper treatment. The residual matrix is rich in carbon and nitrogen sources required by growth of morchella esculenta, and various nutritional ingredients such as organic selenium, cordycepic acid, cordyceps polysaccharide, cordycepin and the like, and can be used for producing morchella esculenta strains. Thlaspis known as Thlaspi arvense is a medicinal and edible plant with high selenium content, and most of the selenium absorbed and converted by the plant is enriched in the stem and can be used as a natural selenium-rich additive source.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the formula composition is used for cultivating selenium-rich morchella cultivars, has the characteristics of high spawn running speed, fast sclerotium formation and strong hypha growth potential, can realize secondary efficient utilization of cordyceps militaris residual matrix and high-value utilization of waste stalks of selenium-rich plant pennycress, and reduces the use of grain and forest raw materials.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of cordyceps militaris residual matrix, 20% of wheat grain, 41% of birch oak wood chip, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 1% of pennycress powder, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime.
Preferably, the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is a residual matrix obtained after selenium-enriched wheat cultivation cordyceps militaris stroma harvesting, and is formed by drying and crushing.
Preferably, the particle size of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is less than or equal to 0.8 cm; the selenium content of the residual matrix of the cordyceps militaris is more than or equal to 1.5 mg/kg.
Preferably, the pennycress powder is prepared by sun-drying and crushing waste stalks of the selenium-rich planting pennycress.
Preferably, the particle size of the Thlaspi arvense powder is less than or equal to 180 μm, and the selenium content of the Thlaspi arvense powder is more than or equal to 150.0 mg/kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method utilizes the cordyceps militaris residual matrix, wheat grains and oak sawdust as main materials, is supplemented with Thlaspis powder, humus soil, monopotassium phosphate, gypsum and lime rich in natural organic selenium, is used for cultivating the selenium-rich morchella cultivation strain, has the characteristics of high spawn running speed, quick sclerotium formation and strong hypha growth potential, can realize secondary high-efficiency utilization of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix and high-value utilization of waste stems of the selenium-rich plant Thlaspis, reduces the use of grains and forest raw materials, promotes ecological environment protection, changes the dependence of morchella production on traditional oak and grain raw material resources, and promotes the green and healthy development of the selenium-rich edible fungus industry. By depending on the advantages of local characteristic resources, the raw materials required by the culture medium are easy to obtain and large in quantity, the strain matrix is convenient to prepare, the cost is effectively reduced, the raw material pretreatment operation is simple, the whole manufacturing technology is easy to popularize, and the method is suitable for production of the toadstool strains in the selenium-rich region.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella cultivar is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of cordyceps militaris residual matrix, 20% of wheat grains, 41% of birch oak wood chips, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 1% of pennycress powder, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime;
the residual cordyceps militaris substrate is obtained by drying and crushing residual substrates obtained after the stroma of cordyceps militaris cultivated by selenium-enriched wheat is harvested; the particle size of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is less than or equal to 0.8 cm; the selenium content of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is more than or equal to 1.5 mg/kg; the pennycress powder is prepared by sun-drying and crushing waste stalks of the pennycress after selenium-rich planting; the particle size of the Thlaspi arvense powder is less than or equal to 180 mu m, and the selenium content of the Thlaspi arvense powder is more than or equal to 150.0 mg/kg.
The cordyceps militaris residual matrix and the pennycress powder are both from the production bases of enterprises of academy of agricultural science and research in Ankang city, and the detection results of the selenium content are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 selenium content test results
| Serial number | Selenium content (mg/kg) | Selenium-rich matrix standard | Comparison values (+ -, mg/kg) |
| Cordyceps militaris residue | 1.566 | 0.50 | +1.066 |
| Thlaspi arvense powder | 188.38 | 0.50 | +187.88 |
Note: the selenium-rich substrate standard is the selenium content requirement of edible fungus substrate in Shanxi province local standard DB61/T556-2018 selenium-rich selenium-containing food and related product selenium content standard.
The preparation method of the formula composition and the culture method of the morchella esculenta in the embodiment comprise the following steps: aging birch oak sawdust for 30 days, soaking wheat grains in clear water for 12 hours, then uniformly stirring and mixing the formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella cultivar, adding water for wet mixing until the water content is 60-65%, then placing the mixture into a polyethylene plastic bag with the specification of 14cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 0.05cm, covering a special cotton-free cover body at a bag opening after bagging, sterilizing by adopting a high-pressure steam method, sterilizing for 2.5 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 0.12-0.13 MPa and the temperature is 121 ℃, cooling to 25 ℃, then performing hole punching inoculation at the opening, and inoculating in a sterile environment, wherein the inoculation amount is 8-10 g of original morchella strains inoculated into each cultivation strain bag; then culturing hypha of the cultivated species at room temperature of 22-25 ℃ and relative moderate air of 65-70% in dark.
Comparative example 1
The formula composition for producing the morchella cultivar in the comparative example is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of cordyceps militaris residual matrix, 20% of wheat grains, 42% of birch oak wood chips, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime;
the residual cordyceps militaris substrate is obtained by drying and crushing residual substrates obtained after the stroma of cordyceps militaris cultivated by selenium-enriched wheat is harvested; the particle size of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is less than or equal to 0.8 cm; the selenium content of the residual matrix of the cordyceps militaris is more than or equal to 1.5 mg/kg.
The preparation of the formula composition and the culture method of morchella in the comparative example are the same as those in example 1, and the sources of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix are the same.
Comparative example 2
The formula composition for producing the morchella cultivar in the comparative example is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: wheat grains 44%, oak sawdust 42%, humus soil 10%, gypsum 2%, pennycress powder 1%, monopotassium phosphate 0.1% and the balance lime;
the pennycress powder is prepared by sun-drying and crushing waste stalks of the pennycress after selenium-rich planting; the particle size of the Thlaspi arvense powder is less than or equal to 180 mu m, and the selenium content of the Thlaspi arvense powder is more than or equal to 150.0 mg/kg.
The preparation of the formula composition and the cultivation method of morchella in the comparative example are the same as the source of the pennycress powder in the example 1.
Comparative example 3
The formula composition for producing the morchella cultivar in the comparative example is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 35% of wheat grains, 52% of birch oak sawdust, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime.
The preparation of the formulation composition and the cultivation method of morel in this comparative example are the same as example 1.
The standard test fungus bags with the tightness and the consistent length of 300 bagged materials are respectively marked on the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-3, and then morchella is respectively inoculated in the formula compositions of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-3 to measure the growth rate of hyphae. And (3) recording the number of spawn running days after inoculation and permanent planting until hyphae germinate to the bottom of the fungus bag, and measuring the hypha growth rate and recording the growth vigor, wherein the average hypha growth rate is the hypha growth length (cm)/culture days (d).
Table 2 test results of growth of hypha in bags of Morchella esculenta for each formulation of composition
Note: the "+" sign indicates the degree of hypha thickening and the strength of growth, and the letters indicate the level of significance of the difference with P < 0.05.
As shown in Table 2, in the hypha culture process of the formula compositions of example 1 and comparative examples 1-3, the hypha colonization and germination of example 1 is earliest, and is shortened by 6 hours compared with comparative example 3, the hypha growth potential is better, and the hypha is thick and strong. In the growth rate of hyphae, the average growth rate of the hyphae in example 1 is the fastest (1.5855 +/-0.0250) cm/d and is obviously higher than that in comparative example 2 without adding cordyceps militaris residual matrix, so that the spawn running rate can be improved by partially replacing wheat grains and oak sawdust of birch with the cordyceps militaris residual matrix in the formula, and the average growth rate difference of the hyphae in example 1 and comparative example 1 is not obvious, which shows that the addition of the selenium-enriched pennycress powder has no obvious influence on the production rate of the hyphae.
The formulations of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were each tested for selenium content, and the results are shown in table 3.
As can be seen from table 3, the selenium content of the formula compositions of example 1 and comparative example 2 is significantly increased, which indicates that the selenium content of the formula composition can be significantly increased by adding the natural selenium-rich pennycress powder, and the selenium content requirement of the edible fungus matrix in "DB 61/T556-2018 selenium-rich selenium-containing food and related product selenium content standard" is met.
According to the invention, by detecting the residual cordyceps militaris substrate and the selenium-rich Thlaspis powder, a scientific basis is provided for design and screening of a formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella cultivar, a novel material and a natural selenium-rich botanical selenium source which can replace cereal and forest resources in edible fungus production are developed, the spawn running speed of the strain is improved, the consumption of the cereal and forest is reduced, and the standard reaching of the selenium content of the selenium-rich strain is ensured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella cultivar is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25% of cordyceps militaris residual matrix, 20% of wheat grain, 41% of birch oak wood chip, 10% of humus soil, 2% of gypsum, 1% of pennycress powder, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of lime.
2. The formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella esculenta cultivars according to claim 1, wherein the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is obtained by drying and crushing the residual matrix obtained after harvesting cordyceps militaris stroma cultured by selenium-rich wheat.
3. The formula composition for producing selenium-rich morchella cultivars according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the cordyceps militaris residual matrix is less than or equal to 0.8 cm; the selenium content of the residual matrix of the cordyceps militaris is more than or equal to 1.5 mg/kg.
4. The formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the pennycress powder is prepared by sun-drying and crushing waste stalks of the pennycress after the pennycress is selenium-rich.
5. The formula composition for producing the selenium-rich morchella esculenta cultivar according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the particle size of the pennycress powder is less than or equal to 180 μm, and the selenium content of the pennycress powder is more than or equal to 150.0 mg/kg.
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