CN1118349A - 头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物以及化合物的制备 - Google Patents
头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物以及化合物的制备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1118349A CN1118349A CN94109525A CN94109525A CN1118349A CN 1118349 A CN1118349 A CN 1118349A CN 94109525 A CN94109525 A CN 94109525A CN 94109525 A CN94109525 A CN 94109525A CN 1118349 A CN1118349 A CN 1118349A
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- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTAVBOYXMBQFGR-MAODNAKNSA-J tetrasodium;(6r,7r)-7-[[(2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-1-oxidoethylidene]amino]-3-[(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1h-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C([O-])=NN1C.S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C([O-])=NN1C KTAVBOYXMBQFGR-MAODNAKNSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002132 β-lactam antibiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124586 β-lactam antibiotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有抗菌活性的头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物。
Description
本发明涉及如式(I)的具有抗菌活性的头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物:其中各种基团和取代基的含义选自下列:X=无,—O—,—S—,—SO—,—SO2—,—NH—Y=—CH,N—Z=—H,卤素,—OH,C1—C5—O—烷基,—OCH2CONH2—,—OCONH2,—OSO2NH2,—OCH2CN,—NH2或被下列基团取代:C1—C6烷基,—NHCOCH3,—NHSO2CH3,
CH3,C1—C4线性酸的酰胺,苯和甲苯衍生物的酰胺,—NO2,—NO,—CHO,—CH2OH,—COOH,—SH,—SOH,—SO2H,—SO3H,—S—烷基,其中烷基残基是C1—C3,—CF3R:—H,—OH,C1—C5—O—烷基,其中烷基残基可能含有卤素,游离的或与碱金属或碱土金属成盐的酸性官能团,如—OCH2CH2NH2,—OCH2CH2NH—CH3,—OCH2(邻,间,对)—吡啶基,—OCH2CN,—OCH2CONH2,—OCH2SO2NH2的碱性官能团;n=0—4A=—S—,—O—,—CH2—,—SO—,—SO2—;R1=头孢菌素特点的结构基团,如,—Cl,—H,—OCH3,—CH2OCH2NH2,—CH2OCH3,—CH3,—CH=CH—CH3,—CF3,—CO2R2,—SO2R2,其中R2是烷基或芳基-CH2-OCOCH3,
-CH=CH2,
它们的药物上可接受的盐和它们的C6和C7差向立体异构体。
肟的构型即可以是(E)也可以是(Z),优选(E),与在特定文献中已知的扇形结构相似。头孢菌素核的构型与已知的结构相同。
根据本发明的头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物具有头孢菌素类似物的有用的特点并且适于口服和非肠道给药。特别是,从它们的光谱行为来看,在结构上它们与氨基噻唑头孢菌素(头孢噻肟,头孢唑肟,头孢甲肟,头孢三嗪,ceftazidime)和含有一个能增加其抗β—内酰胺酶产生细菌活性的肟基的头孢菌素(头孢呋新)类似。此外,由于在苯基乙酸结构中的邻位上的一个取代基的近似性,它们与头孢雷特相似。分子机理的研究已经表明了这些相似性,此后在生物体外对大量细菌菌株进行的研究进一步证实了这一点。
这些新的分子在结构上可以认为是由两部分组成的:式(II)的“头孢菌素核”(在它们在第一代,第二代,第三代或更新一代的主要头孢菌素衍生物中的应用的文献中均是熟知的),和如式(III)的苯基—,苯硫基—或衍生物,苯氨基或苯氧基乙酸的邻肟基:形成了式(I)的肟衍生物的侧链,X,Y,Z,A,n,R和R1的含义如前面所给定的。
式(III)的邻位肟基也是本发明的一个方面。
通过将式(II)的化合物与式(III)的化合物反应能够很容易地制得式(I)化合物。
肟的合成经常是非对映选择性的和产生(E)异构体;产生(I)产物的缩合反应也是非对映选择性的。在它们的合成中所用的条件不干扰产物(III)的肟的构型或在式(II)的核中的6或7位上的手性中心的构型。
为了进一步澄清对本发明的理解,首先详细描述一些式(III)的肟和它们的制备方法;然后利用前面的实施例中的肟(III)给出头孢菌素结构的一些肟衍生物(I)的制备实施例。
试剂(III)的制备
A)式(III)的试剂,其中X和Z不存在,n为O,Y是N—,和R是如在下列实施例1—6中所指定的。
实施例1(R:—OH)
(E)—2—羟基亚氨基甲基—苯基乙酸
用在文献,如DE—A—3836581中已知的方法制得的2—甲酰基苯基乙酸作为起始物料(酸CAS No.1723—55—3,甲基酯CAS No.63969—84—6,乙基醚CAS No.63969)。合成步骤是在文献(例如VOGEL“CHIM,ORG、PRAICA”第三版,第1150页)中已知的。
向5克这种酸(30mmoles)于50ml水和20克乙酸钠的体系中加入5克盐酸羟胺并将该体系在回流下加热10分钟,然后静置冷却至20℃并在pH2.00下结晶,过滤产物并用水洗,在50℃下真空干燥。
产率4.9克(27mmoles)91%。用HNMR实验(N.O.E)确定构型:非对映异构体纯度>98%,(异构体E)
IR(KBr,cm-1):3250,1600,1550
NMR(溶剂DMSO,内标TMS):11.27ppm(s,1H),
8.27ppm(s,1H),7.68/7.65(m,1H),7.32/7.26(m,3H)
3.78(s,2H);在此范围之外有一很宽的信号可归于酸质子。
熔点:147℃。
实施例2(R:—OH)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—苯基乙酸
1.8克(10mmoles)的2—羟基亚氨基甲基—苯基乙酸与1.50毫升的碘甲烷,5克的碳酸钾和10毫克三乙基苄基铵(TEBA)氯化物在20毫升无水乙腈中进行反应。体系在+80℃保持6小时并在室温下保持过夜。
过滤掉盐并将含有以甲基酯形式存在的酸的残余物在真空下浓缩。用50毫升二氯甲烷浸溶并用50毫升15%氢氧化钠和20毫克四丁基溴化铵在20℃下皂化12小时。将有机相分离;水相用HCl酸化至pH2.0,制得的酸从水中重结晶得到单一的异构体。
产率0.46克(2.4mmoles)24%。用NMR(NOE)分析确定构型。
IR(KBr,cm-1):3000/2500,1780,1608,1600NMR(溶剂CDCl3,内标TMS):9.22ppm(s,宽,1H可氘化的),8.22ppm(s,1H),7.58/7.52ppm(m,1H),7.36/7.26ppm(m,3H),3.94ppm(s,3H),3.89ppm(s,2H)熔点:120℃
实施例3(R:1,3—二噻茂烷—2—基)
2—(1,3—二噻茂烷—2—基)—苯基乙酸
在20℃下将10毫升1,2—乙二硫醇(0.12moles)和115毫升三氟二硼二乙基醚化物加入到22克(0.12moles)2—甲酰基—苯基乙酸甲基酯在100毫升二氯甲烷的溶液中。将该体系在20℃搅拌48小时。加入152毫升5%氢氧化钠,相分离,有机相用硫酸镁干燥并在+30℃下真空蒸发溶剂。以这种方式制得29.7克2—(1,3—二噻茂烷—2—基)—苯基乙酸甲基酯黄色液体。该粗产物不需进一步纯化就可皂化。
向29.7克甲基酯于300毫升乙醇的溶液中加入120毫升1N氢氧化钠。将该体系在20℃搅拌2小时,然后加入200毫升乙酸乙酯并用25毫升10%的盐酸将体系酸化至pH1。相分离,乙酸乙酯用硫酸镁干燥并在+40℃下真空蒸发至剩余80毫升。将其过滤并在+40℃下真空干燥。产率58.6%。该产物只被用作制备与头孢菌素核缩合的缩合产物的中间体。对已浓缩的产物进行去保护和进一步的肟的官能作用。IR(溶液)1705cm-1NMR(溶剂DMSO,内标TMS):13ppm(宽,1H可氘化的),7.7ppm(m,1H),7.3/7.1ppm(m,3H),5.85ppm(s,1H),3.72ppm(s,2H),3.5ppm(m,2H),3.3(m,2H)熔点:150/154℃(分解)
实施例4(R:—OCO2COO—t—But)
(E)—2—叔丁氧羰基甲氧基亚氨基甲基苯基乙酸
用前述方法,用5毫升叔丁基氯乙酸酯和5.5克碳酸钾处理5.6克(27.8mmoles)2—羟基亚氨基甲基苯基乙酸甲酯。在回流下进行反应20小时。
用已述的步骤将甲基酯(选择性)皂化并重结晶后,得到3.75克(12.5mmoles)。产率45%。当用四丁基氢氧化铵在甲醇中进行电位滴定时,产物显示出单一的转折。通过HNMR(N.O.E.)分析进一步证实了立体化学和结构。
IR(KBr,cm-1):3000/2980,1740,1610,1600,1500
NMR(DMSO):13(b,1H),8.51(s,1H),7.6/7.0(m,4H),4.6(s,
2H),3.78(s,2H),1.43(s,9H)熔点:115℃
实施例5(R:—OCH2CONH2)
(E)—2—氨基羰基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基—苯基乙酸
实验步骤与前面完全相同。用氯乙酰胺进行处理。纯化后从2克(9.9mmoles)甲基酯中得到0.585克(2.5mmoles)的单一异构体(NMR)产物,产率25%。
IR(KBr,cm-1):3500,3250,1710,1650,1580
NMR(DMSO):13.1(b,1H),8.55(s,1H),7.6/7.0(m,6H),4.56
(s,2H),3.78(s,2H),2H可氘化的
熔点:191℃
实施例6(R:—OCONH2)
(E)—2—氨基羰基氧基亚氨基甲基—苯基乙酸
在—30℃下将5克甲基酯肟(24mmoles)溶于50毫升四氢呋喃中,并将2.3毫升(26mmoles)的异氰酸氯磺酰基酯连续分三份加入到上述溶液中。使体系在—20℃下反应2小时,加入20毫升水并使体系在0℃下进一步水解2小时。加入100毫升乙酸乙酯,有机相用氯化钠水溶液洗两次。将富含相在真空下蒸发。用已述的方法用氢氧化钠将粗反应产物皂化。从水中重结晶出作为酸结晶的粗产物(重4.7克),得到4.1克(18mmoles)酸的单一异构体(E,用NOE)。产率75%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500/2700,1740,1600NMR(DMSO):13(b,1H),8.58(s,1H),7.6/6.8(m,6H),3.78(s,2H)熔点:203℃
B)式(III)的试剂,其中Z不存在,n是0,X是—O—,Y是N—,R是在下列实施例7—10中所指定的。
在这些实施例中所用的起始物料是2—甲酰基苯氧基乙酸,它用在文献(例如Vogel—Chimica Organica Pratica第959页)中所述的方法制得。每个实施例中的步骤与在前面实施例1—6中对苯基乙酸衍生物所实施的完全相同。
实施例7(R:—OCH3)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3050/2577,1969,1740,1713,1609,1601,1495NMR(CDCl3,ppmTMS):8.17(s,1H),7.43/7.35(m,2H),7.1(m,H),6.9(m,1H),4.7(s,2H),3.99(s,3H)熔点:122/124℃实施例8(R:—OCH2COO—t—But)(E)—2—叔丁氧羰基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3020,2990,2900,1740,1610,1600NMR(DMSO,TMS=Oppm):13.1(b,1H),8.51(s,1H),7.63(m,1H),7.39(m,1H),7.0(m,2H),4.78(s,2H),4.61(s,2H),1.43(s,9H)熔点:128/130℃实施例9(R:—OCH2CONH2)
(E)—2—氨基羰基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3990,3250,2900/2600,1710,1650,1585NMR(DMSOd6,TMS=Oppm):13.1(b,1H),8.55(s,1H),7.65(m,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.35(b,1H),7.27(b,1H),7.0(m,2H),4.78(s,2H),4.56(s,2H)熔点:179/182℃
实施例10(R:—OCH2(2—PY))
(E)—2—(吡啶—2—基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基)苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3100,2950,1720,1600,1490NMR(CDCl3,TMS=0ppm):8.50(m,1H),8.16(s,1H),7.4/6.9(m,7H),4.7(s,2H),4.57(s,2H),1H此范围之外1H宽,可氘化的熔点:191/193℃(分解)
c)式(III)的试剂,其中Z不存在,X是—O,n是1,Y和R如在下列实施例11—14中所指定的。
实施例11:(Y:—CH;R:—H)
1—(丙—2—烯基)苯氧基乙酸—(2—烯丙基)苯氧基乙酸
起始物料为2—烯丙基苯酚,反应步骤与已述过的相似。
33.5克(250mmoles)的2—烯丙基苯酚与45.9克(275mmoles)的溴乙酸乙酯,38克(275mmoles)碳酸钾和300毫克TEBA在300毫升乙腈和10毫升水中进行反应。在回流下(80℃)进行反应8小时,直至起始产物完全消失。当合成完全后,在真空下蒸馏掉溶剂。残余物在200毫升二氯甲烷和200毫升含有5%浓盐酸的水中浸溶。富含的有机相用水(每次200毫升)洗两次并在真空下浓缩至得到油状残余物(d1.07)。以乙基酯的形式得到53克几乎是纯的(>97%)产物,产率为96%。用已述的方法将粗产物皂化。
结晶后得到43克(224mmoles)白色晶状粉末的游离酸。产率89%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3030/2500,1740,1700,1600,1580NMR(DMSOd6,TMS=0ppm):7.17/7.10(m,2H),6.9/6.8(m,2H),5.97(m,1H),5.1(m,2H),3.33(d,2H)熔点:147℃
实施例12(Y:N—;R:—OH)
(E,Z)—2—(2—羟基亚氨基乙基)—苯氧基乙酸
将10克(52mmoles)的2—烯丙基苯氧基乙酸溶于50ml异丙醇和200毫升二氯甲烷中。将溶液冷却至—70℃并进行臭氧分析。当出现特征性淡蓝色(大约1小时)后,中断臭氧流并吹入氮气30分钟。臭氧化物用6毫升(80mmoles)二甲硫淬火。将体系在20℃下保持搅拌过夜。将溶液在真空下浓缩并用200毫升15%磷酸氢二钾溶液浸溶。过滤掉不溶部分。水相用碳脱色并且在200毫升乙酸乙酯存在下用浓盐酸酸化至pH2。相分离,用水将有机相洗两次。有机相用硫酸镁干燥并在真空下浓缩。得到4.2克无定形固定。用氢氧化钠进行电位滴定表明纯度为95%,红外分析进一步证实了存在有醛基(1750cm-1,1720cm-1)。这样的粗产物以前述的步骤用盐酸羟胺进行处理产生相应的肟。结晶后,得到4克白色晶状固体(19mmoles)产物。产物是异构体(顺,反)的混合物,它不能用分步结晶法进行拆分。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500/2900,1715,1500NMR(DMSO,内标TMS=0ppm):11.25(s,1H),8.37(t,1H),7.5/6.9(4H,m),4.7(s,2H),3.8(d,2H),13pp(宽,1H)熔点:110℃(分解)
实施例13(Y:N—;R:—OCH3)
(E)—2—(2—甲氧基亚氨基乙基)—苯氧基乙酸
用已叙述过的步骤将2—(2—羟基亚氨基乙基)苯氧基乙酸进行酯化和甲基化。从水中皂分和重结晶化后,得到浅白色无定形固体的纯(E)异构体;从3克(14mmoles)中得到850毫克(3.8mmoles)的(E)异构体,相当于产率为27%。IR(KBr,cm-1)3500/2600,1740,1705,1615/1600,1500NMR(CDCl3,内标TMS=0ppm):范围以外(broad,1H),8.20(t,1H),7.4/6.9(4H,m),4.71(s,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.81(d,2H)熔点:135/139℃
实施例14(Y:N—;R:—OCH2CONH2)
(E)—2—(2—氨基羰基亚甲基氧基亚氨基乙基)—苯氧基乙酸
方法与已经叙述过的完全相同。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500,3250,3080/2600,1700,1650/1630,1580,1480熔点:105℃(分解)
D)式(III)的试剂,其中X是—O—,n是0,Y是N—,R是—OCH3,Z是下列实施例15—17中所指定的。
实施例15(Z:5—OH)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—5—羟基—苯氧基乙酸
起始产物是2,4—二羟基苯甲醛。将138毫克这种醛(1.01mmoles)悬浮于2毫升二氯甲烷中,向其中加入340毫克二氢吡喃(4.0mmoles)和25毫克对甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓盐;在20℃下将反应进行24小时。用RP18TLC(洗脱剂:甲醇/水7∶3)监视反应的进程。在40℃下真空除去溶剂,粗反应产物(2—羟基—4—四氢吡喃基氧基苯甲醛)溶于1毫升无水乙腈中,向其中加入158毫克(1.1mmoles)碳酸钾,184毫克(1.1mmoles)溴乙酸乙酯和23毫克TEBA。反应体系在80℃保持2小时。用50毫升乙醚稀释并通过硅藻土过滤。将滤液在真空下蒸发,粗产物在快速硅胶上进行色谱分离(洗脱剂:乙醚/石油醚1∶2)。以这种方式得到244毫克(0.8mmoles)白色无定形粉末的纯产物。产率80%。经分析进一步证实了结构。
NMR(CDCl3,TMS=0ppm):1O.39(s,1H),7.83(d,1H),6.76(dd,1H),6.5(d,1H),5.48(t,1H),4.7(s,1H),4.26(q,2H),3.8(m,1H),3.6(m,1H),1.9/1.56(m,6H),1.19(t,3H)熔点:65℃.
用已叙述过的方法将酯皂化,使酸结晶至pH2,并除去四氢吡喃基(用NMR证实)。以这种方式通过直接结晶很容易获得2—甲酰基—4—羟基—苯氧基乙酸,并且从粗产物(160毫克)中用已经叙述过的步骤用NH2OCH3·HCl(30%水溶液)制得肟衍生物。用碳和矾土脱色后,产物从水中重结晶两次得到88毫克(0.42mmoles)晶状外观的白色固体纯的(E)异构体。产率42%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3300/3200,1705,1620,1600NMR(DMSOd6,TMS=0ppm):13.07(b,1H),9.96(s,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.49(d,1H),6.41(dd,1H),6.32(d,1H),4.67(s,2H),3.8(s,3H)熔点:120℃
实施例16(Z:5—OCOCH2NH2=)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—5—氨基羰基亚甲基氧基苯氧基乙酸
通过将以乙基酯形式的起始肟的5位上的羟基进行所述的烷基化,用前述步骤制得了所需要的产物。NMR(DMSOd6,TMS=0ppm):13.1(b,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.51(d,1H),7.35/7.28(d,宽2H),6.42(dd,1H),6.33(d,1H),4.7(s,2H),4.45(s,2H),3.8(s,3H)熔点:183-185℃.
实施例17(Z:5—OCH2COOBut)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—5—叔丁氧羰基亚甲基氧基苯氧基乙酸
该产物按与前面完全相同的方法制得。其特点为:IR(KBr,cm-1):3250,1710,1650,1600NMR(DMS0d6,TMS=0ppm):13(b,1H),8.4(s,1H),7.53(d,1H),6.43(dd,1H),6.37(d,1H),4.73(s,1H),4.6(s,1H),1.43(s,9H)熔点:190℃.
E)式(III)的试剂,其中X是—O—,n是0,R是—OCH3,Y是N—,Z是如在实施例18和19中所指定的。这些试剂可按与在相应的4—羟基衍生物中所用的步骤完全相同的方法制得。
实施例18(Z:4—OCONH2)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—氨基羰基氧基—苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3500/3200,1720,1630,1500NMR(DMSO-d6,内标TMS=0ppm):13.2(b,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.6/7.5(b,2H),7.47(d,1H),6.6/6.5(m,2H),4.6 7(s,2H),3.82(s,3H)熔点:189℃.
实施例19(Z:4—OCH2COO—t—But)
2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—氨基羰基氧基—苯氧基乙酸IR(KBr,cm-1):3250,2980,1700,1600,1510NMR(DMS0-d6,内标TMS=0ppm):13(b,1H),8.3(s,1H),7.5(s,1H),6.6(m,2H),4.7(s,2H),3.82(s,3H),1.5(s,9H)熔点:195℃.
F)式(III)的试剂,其中X是—O—,Z是4—NO2,n是0,Y是N—,R是如在实施例20和21中所指定的。
实施例20(R:OH)
(E)—4—硝基—2—羟基亚氨基甲基—苯氧基乙酸
起始物料为2—羟基—4—硝基苯甲醛(商业上可得到的)。按照已经叙述过的步骤用氯乙酸钠盐处理起始物料,按照标准步骤用羟胺处理衍生物(4—硝基—2—甲酰基苯氧基乙酸)。相应的肟以单一的非对映异构体从水中结晶出来,不需要进一步纯化。IR(KBr,cm-1):3600,3490,3250/2900,1720,1610,1508NMR(DMSO):13.4(b,1H),11.72(s,1H),8.46(d,1H),8.34(s.1H),8.22(dd,1H),7.42(d,1H),4.97(s,1H)熔点:193℃.
实施例21(R:—OCH3)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—硝基—苯氧基乙酸
用在羟基肟中已经叙述过的方法用甲氧基胺盐酸盐处理2—甲酰基—4—硝基苯氧基乙酸。将产物从温度保持在30—35℃的水/乙醇(80/20)中结晶。以单一的异构体形式制得产物(晶状白色粉末),不需进一步纯化。
IR(KBr,cm-1):3550,3100,2900,1730,1600,1525
NMR(DMSOd6):13.4(b,1H),8.43(d,1H),8.39(s,1H),8.23(dd,1H),7.17(d,1H),4.78(s,2H),3.95(s,1H)熔点:195/198℃.
G)式(III)的试剂,其中X是—O—,n是0,Y是N—,R是—OCH3,Z是如在实施例22—24中所指定的。
实施例22(Z:4—NH2)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—氨基—苯氧基乙酸
如在文献(例如见“ORG、SYN”col1.Vol.I,52和其中所引的参考文献)中所述将在前面实施例中所制得的(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—硝基苯氧基乙酸进行还原。在一个典型的方法中,将14克(55mmoles)的4—硝基衍生物溶于65毫升6N氨水(390mmoles)中,然后加入6克硫化氢(176mmoles),在40℃保持5小时后,于40/50℃下真空除去过量的硫化氢。将体系冷却到20℃并过滤掉硫沉淀。将pH调节至4以结晶出对氨基衍生物。然后在pH8下对其溶解,用碳脱色并用盐酸重结晶,将pH调节至3。以这种方式可制得相应的亮黄色晶状粉末的氨基酸7.3克(32mmoles)。产率59%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500/3050,1650,1850,1505NMR(CDCl3,TMSO=0ppm):8.17(s,1H),6.68/7.1(m,3H),4.7(s,2H),3.5(宽,3H)熔点:187℃
实施例23
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—乙酰氨基—苯氧基乙酸
按下列步骤将前面实施例制得的(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基—4—氨基—苯氧基乙酸进行乙酰化:将5克(21.9mmoles)产物悬浮于30毫升无水二氯甲烷中,加入3.05毫升(22mmoles)三乙胺(TEA),随后加入2.80毫升(22mmoles)三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)。在20℃下进行反应30分钟。将体系冷却至—5℃并加入1.63毫升(23mmoles)乙酰氯和3.1毫升TEA。体系在0℃下反应2小时,然后用冰冻的凉水洗二次。在水中用150毫升饱和碳酸氢钠溶液萃取产物。产物用浓盐酸在pH2下结晶。粗产物(6g)再溶解于100毫升水和2克碳酸氢钠中。用碳将溶液脱色,过滤后酸化至pH2于+30℃进行结晶。以这种方式可获得5.7克(21mmoles)棕色晶状固体产物。产率96%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500,3250,1715,1700,1650,1505NMR(DMSO,TMS=0ppm):8.17(s,1H),7.9(s,1H),6.75/7.2(m,3H),4.7(s,2H),2.2(s,3H),范围之外(宽,1H)熔点:155/158℃.
实施例24(Z:4—NHSO2CH3)
(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基—4—甲磺酰基氨基—苯氧基乙酸
用实施例2的方法以1.8毫升(23mmoles)甲磺酰氯处理5克实施例1的酸。处理后得到6克(19.6mmoles)草黄色晶状粉末产物。产率89%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3470,3300/3080,1713,1520NMR(CDCl3,TMSO=0ppm):8.5(s,1H可氘化的),8.17(s,1H),6.82/7.25(m,3H),4.71(s,2H),3.5(s,3H),范围之外1H可氘化的熔点:193/195℃
H)式(III)的试剂,其中X是—O—,Z是6—OCH3,n是0,Y是N—,R如在实施例25和26中所指定的。
实施例25(R:—H)
(E)—2—羟基亚氨基甲基—6—甲氧基—苯氧基乙酸
起始产物是2—羟基—3—甲氧基苯甲醛,通常被称作邻香草醛。按已经叙述过的方法,用溴乙酸乙酯在乙腈中回流下进行烷基化反应。以这种方法获得乙基酯形式的2—甲酰基—6—甲氧基苯氧基乙酸。将油状的粗产物皂化产生白色晶状固体的相应的酸,熔点118/119℃,NMR(DMSO—d6):13(b,1H),10.5(s,1H),7.4/7.1(m,3H),4.8(s,2H),3.85(s,3H),IR(KBr,cm-1):3100/2600,1735,1700。用盐酸羟胺将该产物转化成相应的肟。
将肟在80℃下从水中结晶选择性产生(E)肟。草色晶状固体的非对映异构体纯度(HPLC)>98%。IR(KBr,cm-1):3400/3150,3080,2980/2818,1725,1496NMR(DMSO,TMS=0ppm):11.26(s,1H),8.3(s,1H),7.35/7.10(m,3H),4.7(s,2H),3.8(s,3H),范围之外1H熔点:138/139℃,
实施例26(R:—OCH2CN)
(E)—2—氰甲氧基亚氨基甲基—6—甲氧基—苯氧基乙酸
按标准步骤用盐酸羟胺将2—甲酰基—6—甲氧基—苯氧基乙酸乙酯转化成肟。按已经叙述的方法在乙腈中用溴乙腈将油状粗产物进行烷基化。
用柱色谱将烷基化产物进行纯化(硅胶60,洗脱剂:乙醚/甲醇9∶1)。
以这种方法得到的油状产物按已经叙述过的步骤用氢氧化钠进行皂化,产生草白色晶状的单一(E)异构体产物。IR 3080/2800,1715,1506NMR(DMSO,TMS=0ppm):8.3(s,1H),7.35/7.10(m,3H),4.7(s,2H),4.1(s,2H),3.81(s,3H),范围之外1H熔点:95/96℃.
肟衍生物(I)的制备
用前述的试剂(III)与头孢菌素核(II)缩合制备肟衍生物(I)。通过实施例,下文叙述了三种不同的缩合方法。在实施例28中所述的方法是最重要的。
实施例27的方法主要只适用于实施例1—6的一些衍生物的制备。在实施例中说明的方法对于那些具有封闭的(保护的)酸功能基的肟衍生物如叔丁基酯是一种有用的变异方法。事实上这种方法代表了实施例28的方法的继续。
最后值得注意的是所有的核均用在专利和科学文献中熟知的方法制得。
实施例27
7—〔(E)—2—(甲氧基亚氨基甲基)苯基乙酰氨基〕—3—乙酰氧基甲基—3—头孢烯—4—羧酸
一般性反应方案如下所示:
详细地说,将0.94毫升(6.7mmoles)三乙胺和0.46毫升(5.9mmoles)甲磺酰氯加入到1克(4.2mmoles)2—(1,3—二噻茂烷—2—基)苯基乙酸于10毫升二氯甲烷的溶液中,冷却至—15℃。用这种方法制得的甲磺酸酐二氯甲烷溶液可直接使用。
将所述的混合酸酐溶液(于—20℃下)加入到7—ACA二苯甲基酯(3.8mmoles)于15毫升二氯甲烷的溶液中。将体系搅拌40分钟,然后加入20毫升NaHCO3饱和水溶液,随后加入水。相分离并将有机部分在真空下蒸发。残余物产生1.25克(1.9mmoles)的7—〔2—(1,3—二噻茂烷—2—基)苯基乙酰氨基〕—3—乙酰氧基甲基—3—头孢烯—4—羧酸二苯甲基酯。H NMR(DMSO-d6):1.95(s,3H),3.3/3.5(m,4H),3.55/3.67(AB体系J=13Hz,2H),3.73/3.75(AB体系J=15Hz,2H),4.64/4.86(AB体系J=5Hz,2H),5.15(d,4.5Hz,1H),5.78(dd,4.5Hz,1H),6.01(s,1H),7.2/7.8(m,14H),9.22(宽8Hz,1H).
向上面制得的7.92克(12mmoles)二苯甲基酯于10毫升丙酮的溶液中加入120毫克CuO和400毫克CuCl2。体系在50℃下加热1小时。滤掉不溶部分并在真空下蒸发滤液。残余物用二异丙醚浸溶,得到4克7—(2—甲酰基苯基乙酰氨基)—3—乙酰氧基—甲基—4—羧酸二苯甲基酯。
向上面制得的2克(3.4mmoles)酯于20毫升乙酸乙酯的溶液中加入0.31克(3.7mmoles)甲氧基胺盐酸盐。体系在20℃下搅拌30分钟,然后加入10毫升水并用NaHCO3将pH调节至7。相分离并在真空下蒸发有机相,得到1.72克(2.8mmoles)的7—〔2—(甲氧基亚氨基甲基)苯基乙酰氨基〕—3—乙酰氧基甲基—3—头孢烯—4—羧酸二苯甲基酯。
在20℃下30分钟之内向上面制得的3.2moles酯于10毫升茴香醚的溶液中加入6毫升三氟乙酸,然后加入20毫升二异丙醚。过滤出沉淀并悬浮于50毫升二异丙醚中。用这种方法制得800毫升(1.8mmoles)7—〔2—(甲氧基亚氨基甲基)苯基乙酰氨基〕—3—乙酰氧基甲基—3—头孢烯—4—羧酸。IR(KBr pellets,cm-1):3500/3279,1767β—内酰胺1680,1660,1600,1535NMR(DMSO-d6内标TMS=0ppm):2.00(3H,s),3.27/3.51(2H,AB体系J=13Hz),3.90(3H,s),4.72/4.95(2H,AB体系J=15Hz),5.00(1H,d,J=5Hz),5.53(1H,dd.5Hz),8.52(1H,s),8.68(1H,d,J=8Hz)熔点:大约180℃分解
实施例28
7—〔(E)—2—(甲氧基亚氨基甲基)苯氧基乙酰氨基〕—3—乙酰氧基甲基—3—头孢烯—4—羧酸
一般性反应方案如下所示:
方法II
详细地说,将84克(31mmoles)7—氨基头孢菌素酸(7—ACA)悬浮于70毫升无水二氯甲烷中。加入8.3毫升(34mmoles)双—三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺(BSA),体系在回流下加热直至完全溶解,然后冷却至—10℃,此时准备好了用于缩合反应的7—ACA甲硅烷基衍生物的溶液。另外,将5克(24mmoles)(E)—2—甲氧基亚氨基甲基苯氧基乙酸悬浮于50毫升二氯甲烷中并与3.3毫升三乙胺(TEA)成盐。
当完全溶解后,将体系冷却至—60℃,加入50微升N—甲基吗啉,然后加入2.3毫升(24mmoles)氯甲酸乙酯。
在—30℃下反应1小时。将甲硅烷基化的7—ACA溶液吹入混合酸酐溶液中并在0℃保持3小时。用HPLC监视反应进程:洗脱剂350毫升甲醇,750毫升水/300毫克Na2HPO4/200毫克K2HPO4;LICROSPHER RP8柱选择B;260nm 45℃;流速1ml/分钟(7—ACA保留时间2.2分钟;缩合产物保留时间27.6分钟)。然后体系用冰冷水洗两次,用100毫升1N稀盐酸萃取(为了消除未反应的7—ACA)并进一步用水洗。二氯甲烷相在真空下蒸发直至得到固体残余物。用200毫升无水异丙醇浸溶,30℃下吹入4克乙基己酸钠溶于100毫升异丙醇的溶液。体系在30℃下结晶2小时,用冰盐浴冷却并在真空下过滤。干燥后得到9.1克钠盐形式的产物。摩尔产率为78%。NMR分析表明为单一的E构型异构体,与起始酸构型相同。因此,合成并未导致立体化学消失。IR(KBr,cm-1):3500/3279,1767β—内酰胺,1686,1664NMR(DMSO-d6 TMS=0ppm):9.0(d,1H),8.45(s,1H),7.0/7.7(m,4H),5.55(dd,1H),5.0(d,1H),5.0/4.75(ABsyst.2H),4.7(s,2H),3.9(s,3H),3.45/3.15(ABsyst.2H),2.0(s,3H)熔点:175℃(分解)
用与实施例28完全相同的方式,制得式(I)的肟衍生物,其中X不存在,Y是N—,Z是—H,n是0,A,R和R1的值如在下面表1中实施例29—32中每个实施例旁边所示。
以同样方式制得的式(I)的肟衍生物如下面表2所示,其中X是—O—,Y是N—,n是0,Z,R和R1如在实施例33—53中所指定的。
实施例54
7—〔(E)—2—(羧基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基)苯氧基乙酰氨基〕—3—(1—甲基—1,2,3,4—四唑—5—基)硫代甲基—4—羧酸
一般性反应方案如下所示:其中R’和/或Z=OCH2COO—tBut其中R’和/或Z=OCH2COOH
详细地说,(该法起始部分与在实施例28中所说明的完全相同),15克7—氨基—3—(1—甲基—1,2,3,4—四唑—5—基)硫代甲基—4—头孢菌素酸(45mmoles)在二氯甲烷中用12毫升(49mmoles)BSA进行甲硅烷基化。同时用12.5克(40mmoles)(E)—2—(叔丁氧羰基氧基亚甲基氧基亚氨基甲基)苯氧基乙酸与5.5毫升TEA成盐并在100微升N—甲基吗啉催化下与4毫升(40mmoles)氯甲酸乙酯反应制备混合酸酐。在制备和缩合中所用的步骤,时间和方法完全是可叠加的。可以用同样的HPLC体系监测反应。
在合成反应终点进行所述的洗涤,二氯甲烷蒸发至残余物,但是加入70毫升无水甲酸替代异丙醇用来使产物结晶。这可释放出叔丁酯。在室温下反应大约4小时,用200毫升甲苯浸溶并在真空下进行甲苯/甲酸共沸物蒸馏。残余物用100毫升无水异丙醇浸溶并加入15克乙基己酸钠在100毫升异丙醇中的溶液。在0℃下结晶过夜。过滤出沉淀,用冷异丙醇洗并干燥,得到15克二钠盐形式的产物(用酸度滴定进一步证实)。产率为58.6%。IR(KBr,cm-1):1760(β—内酰胺)NMR(DMSO-d6内标TMS):9.2(1H,d),8.5(1H,s),7.65/7.0(4H,m),5.7(dd,1H),5.1(1H,d),4.78(2H,s),4.65(2H,s),4.4/4.3(2H,AB),3.9(3H,s),3.75/3.6(2H,AB)
熔点:205℃
以同样的方法制得下列表3所示的式(I)的肟衍生物,其中X是—O—,Y是N—,n是0,Z,R,R1和A如在实施例55—62中每个实施例旁所指定的。
表3 *“dec.”“代表分解”
下列表4中列出了对一些GRAM+和GRAM-细菌菌株进行的M.I.C.测试中相关的数据。即使作为初始筛选,这些数值也说明了这些新的β—内酰胺抗菌素的潜力。为了简化,与一些产物相关的数据以实施例号来表示。
表4
微生物 | 下列实施例号的试验产物 | |||||||||
革兰氏阳性 | 31 | 36 | 38 | 41 | 43 | 49 | 50 | 54 | 58 | 60 |
白色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538 | 0.031 | 0.063 | 0.031 | 0.063 | 0.063 | 0.031 | 0.016 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.016 |
白色葡萄球菌F2 ISF 3 | 32.00 | 32.00 | 16 | 32 | 120 | 8 | 2 | 128 | 8 | 8 |
HCF Bersetc表皮葡萄球菌 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.063 | 0.125 | 0.250 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 1 | 0.250 | 0.031 |
表皮葡萄球菌CHPL A2 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 1 | 128 | 4.000 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 8 |
屎链球菌LEP Br | 32.00 | 128 | 32 | 0.402 | 120 | 0.25 | 0.102 | 128 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
革兰氏阴性 | ||||||||||
大肠杆菌ATCC 8739 | 32.00 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.25 | 16 | 2 | 4 |
大肠杆菌ISF 432 | 4.000 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
大肠杆菌R+TEM ISF 10 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 32 | 100 | 16 | 32 |
普通变形菌CNUR 6 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
肺炎克雷伯氏菌ATCC 10031 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
shighella enteritidis | >128 | 128 | >128 | 128 | 128 | 16 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 6 |
Claims (3)
1.具有抗菌活性的式(I)头孢菌素结构的肟衍生物:其中各种基团和取代基的含义选自下列:X=不存在,—O,—S—,—SO,—SO2—,—NH—Y:—CH,N—,Z:—H,卤素,—OH,C1—C5—O—烷基,—OCH2CONH2,—OCONH2,—OSO2NH2,—OCH2CN,—NH2或被下列基团取代:C1—C6烷基,—NHCOCH3,—NHSO2CH3,—NHSO2—C1—C4线性酸的酰胺,苯和甲苯衍生物的酰胺,—NO2,—NO,—CHO,—CH2OH,—COOH,—SH,—SOH,—SO2H,—SO3H,—S—烷基,其中烷基残基是C1—C3,—CF3;R:—H,—OH,C1—C5—O—烷基,而烷基残基可能含有卤素,游离的或与碱金属或碱土金属成盐的酸性官能基,如—OCH2CH2NH2,—OCH2CH2NH—CH3,—OCH2(邻、间、对)吡啶基,—OCH2CN,—OCH2CONH2,—OCH2SO2NH2的碱性官能团;n=0—4.A=—S—,—O—,—CH2—,—SO—,—SO2—R=头孢菌素特点的结构基团,如,—Cl,—H,—OCH3,—CH2OCH2NH2,—CH2OCH3,—CH3,—CH=CH—CH3,—CF3,—CO2R2,—SO2R2,其中R2是烷基或芳基,—CH2-OCOCH3,
—CH=CH2,
它们的药物上可接受的盐和它们的C6和C7差向立体异构体。
3.式(III)的苯基—,苯硫基—和苯氧基乙酸的邻肟基其中X,Y,Z,A,n,R和R1如在权利要求1中所指定的。
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