CN111829657B - Coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering - Google Patents
Coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000023077 detection of light stimulus Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Abstract
A coherent spectrum analysis measuring device and a method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering belong to the technical field of precision instrument manufacturing and precision test metering; the device structure is as follows: the optical coupler is connected with the tunable laser, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the optical attenuator, a light source to be detected is connected with the delay fiber after passing through the optical isolator and the polarization controller, the optical circulator is connected with the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the delay fiber, the balance detector is connected with the optical coupler and the radio frequency filter, and the data acquisition module is connected with the radio frequency filter; the measuring method comprises the following steps: the tunable laser indirectly generates local oscillation light and pumping light, the pumping light forms an optical fiber backscattering filter to filter a signal to be detected, a filtering result and the local oscillation light generate heterodyne interference to generate a beat frequency signal, secondary filtering is carried out through a radio frequency filter, and the spectrum of the light source to be detected can be restored by using a reserved Rayleigh beat frequency signal. The device has the characteristics of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, no restriction of mirror effect and real-time detection of light to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision instrument manufacturing and precision measurement and measurement, and particularly relates to a coherent spectrum analysis device and method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering.
Background
With the development of a batch of photonic devices (optical whispering gallery mode sensors, femtosecond optical frequency combs) with femto-meter-level fine spectral response, the demand for high-resolution spectral analysis devices has increased dramatically in the fields of optical sensing, material analysis, medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the like. In the conventional spectral analysis device and method, a Fourier transform spectrometer based on an interferometric modulation principle and a grating spectrometer based on a diffraction dispersion principle are limited by the processing precision of a light splitting element, and the highest spectral resolution can only reach the picometer level; the coherent spectrometer based on the heterodyne interference principle is affected by the mirror effect, the relative size of the signal light frequency and the local oscillator light frequency cannot be distinguished, and the highest spectral resolution can only reach tens of nanometers. The spectral analysis device and the method can not meet the spectral measurement requirement of a novel photonic device, and the research of the spectral analysis device and the method meeting the requirement becomes one of the important issues in the field of current precision instrument manufacturing and precision measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the spectrum analysis device and the method can not meet the spectrum measurement requirement of a novel photonic device, and aims to provide a coherent spectrum analysis device and a coherent spectrum analysis method based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering, which can be used for femto-meter-level fine spectrum measurement.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a coherent spectrum analysis measuring device based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering comprises a tunable laser, a light source to be detected, a first optical coupler, an optical isolator, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA), a polarization controller, an optical circulator, a delay optical fiber, a first optical attenuator, a second optical coupler, a balance detector, a radio frequency filter and a data acquisition module; the tunable laser is connected with an input port of the first optical coupler, an output port 1 of the first optical coupler is connected with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA is connected with a port 1 of the optical circulator, a port 3 of the optical circulator is connected with the first optical attenuator, and the first optical attenuator is connected with an input port 1 of the second optical coupler through single-mode fibers; the output port 2 of the first optical coupler is connected with the second optical attenuator, and the second optical attenuator is connected with the input port 2 of the second optical coupler through a single mode fiber; the light source to be detected is connected with the optical isolator, the optical isolator is connected with the polarization controller, the polarization controller is connected with the delay optical fiber, and the delay optical fiber is connected with the port 2 of the optical circulator through a single mode optical fiber; the output port of the second optical coupler is connected with the balance detector through a single-mode optical fiber; the balance detector is connected with the radio frequency filter and the radio frequency filter is connected with the data acquisition module through cables;
the tunable laser, the light source to be detected, the first optical coupler, the optical isolator, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA, the polarization controller, the optical circulator and the delay fiber form an optical fiber backscatter filter, and the optical fiber backscatter filter is used for extracting Rayleigh signals and Brillouin signals from spectral signals to be detected;
the second optical coupler, the balance detector, the radio frequency filter and the data acquisition module form a heterodyne interferometer, and the heterodyne interferometer is used for enabling the Rayleigh signal and the Brillouin signal to interfere with the local oscillation light to form a Rayleigh beat signal and a Brillouin beat signal, then separating the Rayleigh beat signal and the Brillouin beat signal in a radio frequency filtering mode, and recording the Rayleigh beat signal to form a restored spectrum.
A measuring method of a coherent spectrum analysis measuring device based on fiber Rayleigh scattering is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: output light of the tunable laser is split into local oscillation light and pumping light through a first optical coupler, wherein the pumping light enters a port 1 of an optical circulator after being amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA, and enters a delay fiber after being emitted through a port 2 of the optical circulator, and in the delay fiber, the pumping light and a light source to be detected entering the delay fiber through an optical isolator and a polarization controller carry out energy exchange in the forms of fiber Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering, so that a formed fiber backscatter filter can filter and amplify a spectrum signal to be detected into a Rayleigh signal and a Brillouin signal; a Rayleigh signal and a Brillouin signal generated by the optical fiber backscattering filter enter from a port 2 of the optical circulator, the optical power is adjusted by the first optical attenuator after the Rayleigh signal and the Brillouin signal are emitted from a port 3 of the optical circulator, heterodyne interference occurs between the adjusted Rayleigh signal and Brillouin signal and local oscillation light which is also adjusted by the second optical attenuator in the second optical coupler, and the generated Rayleigh beat frequency signal and Brillouin beat frequency signal are converted into electrical signals by the balance detector; then, a radio frequency filter is used for filtering Brillouin beat frequency signals, only Rayleigh beat frequency signals with narrower line widths are recorded and serve as estimated values of components with the same frequency as the pump light in the spectral signals to be detected; and adjusting the output light frequency of the tunable laser to traverse the frequency range of the whole spectrum signal to be detected, and recording the corresponding Rayleigh beat frequency signal intensity according to the size of the pump light frequency to form a restored spectrum of the light source to be detected.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the spectrum of the light source to be detected is pre-filtered through the optical fiber backscattering filter, the frequencies of the generated Rayleigh signal and Brillouin signal are in definite association with the frequency of the local oscillation light in the heterodyne interferometer, so that the spectral analysis device and the spectral analysis method are not limited by the mirror effect any more, and the spectral resolution is improved.
(2) The Rayleigh signal and the Brillouin signal generated by the backscattering filter are separated by the heterodyne interferometer, and the Rayleigh signal and the Brillouin signal have different frequency differences compared with local oscillation light, so that the Rayleigh beat signal and the Brillouin beat signal can be subjected to secondary filtering by the radio frequency filter after being subjected to frequency reduction by the heterodyne interferometer, and the Rayleigh beat signal with a narrower line width can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coherent spectrum analysis device based on fiber Rayleigh scattering
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of pre-filtering the spectrum of a light source to be inspected by a fiber optic backscatter filter
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heterodyne interferometer for separating Rayleigh and Brillouin signals
Description of the part numbers in the figures: 1. the system comprises a tunable laser, a light source to be detected, a first optical coupler, a light isolator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA, a polarization controller, an optical circulator, a delay fiber, a first optical attenuator, a second optical coupler, a balance detector, a radio frequency filter, a data acquisition module, a first optical attenuator, a second optical coupler, a first optical attenuator, a second optical attenuator, a data acquisition module, a first optical attenuator, a second optical coupler, a balance detector, a first optical attenuator, a second optical attenuator, a data acquisition module, a second optical attenuator, a data acquisition module and a data acquisition module, wherein the tunable laser is used for transmitting light to be detected; a. the spectrum signal to be detected, b, Rayleigh signal, c, Brillouin signal, d, local oscillator light, e, Rayleigh beat signal, f, Brillouin beat signal, and a' restoration spectrum of the light source to be detected.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
a coherent spectrum analysis and measurement device based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering is shown in figure 1 and comprises a tunable laser (1), a light source to be detected (2), a first optical coupler (3), an optical isolator (4), an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) (5), a polarization controller (6), an optical circulator (7), a delay optical fiber (8), a first optical attenuator (9), a second optical attenuator (10), a second optical coupler (11), a balance detector (12), a radio frequency filter (13) and a data acquisition module (14); the tunable laser (1) is connected with an input port of the first optical coupler (3), an output port 1 of the first optical coupler (3) is connected with the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5) is connected with a port 1 of the optical circulator (7), the port 3 of the optical circulator (7) is connected with the first optical attenuator (9), and the first optical attenuator (9) is connected with an input port 1 of the second optical coupler (11) through single-mode fibers; the output port 2 of the first optical coupler (3) is connected with a second optical attenuator (10), and the second optical attenuator (10) is connected with the input port 2 of a second optical coupler (11) through single-mode optical fibers; the light source (2) to be detected is connected with the optical isolator (4), the optical isolator (4) is connected with the polarization controller (6), the polarization controller (6) is connected with the delay fiber (8), and the delay fiber (8) is connected with the port 2 of the optical circulator (7) through a single-mode fiber; the output port of the second optical coupler (11) is connected with the balance detector (12) through a single-mode optical fiber; the balance detector (12) is connected with the radio frequency filter (13), and the radio frequency filter (13) is connected with the data acquisition module (14) through cables;
the tunable laser (1), the light source to be detected (2), the first optical coupler (3), the optical isolator (4), the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), the polarization controller (6), the optical circulator (7) and the delay fiber (8) form an optical fiber backscattering filter which is used for extracting a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c) from a spectral signal to be detected (a);
the second optical coupler (11), the balance detector (12), the radio frequency filter (13) and the data acquisition module (14) form a heterodyne interferometer, which is used for enabling the rayleigh signal (b) and the brillouin signal (c) to interfere with the local oscillator light (d) to form a rayleigh beat signal (e) and a brillouin beat signal (f), then separating the rayleigh beat signal (e) and the brillouin beat signal (f) in a radio frequency filtering mode, and recording the rayleigh beat signal (e) to form a recovered spectrum (a') of the light source to be detected.
A coherent spectrum analysis and measurement method based on fiber Rayleigh scattering comprises the following steps: output light of the tunable laser (1) is split into local oscillation light and pumping light through the first optical coupler (3), wherein the pumping light is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5) and enters the port 1 of the optical circulator (7), the pumping light is emitted through the port 2 of the optical circulator (7) and enters the delay fiber (8), and in the delay fiber (8), the pumping light and a spectral signal to be detected (a) entering the delay fiber (8) through the optical isolator (4) and the polarization controller (6) carry out energy exchange in the forms of fiber Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering, so that the formed fiber backscatter filter can filter and amplify the spectral signal to be detected (a) into a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c); a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c) generated by the optical fiber backscattering filter are incident from a port 2 of an optical circulator (7), are emitted from a port 3 of the optical circulator (7) and are adjusted by a first optical attenuator (9), the adjusted Rayleigh signal (b) and Brillouin signal (c) and local oscillator light (d) which is also adjusted by a second optical attenuator (10) generate heterodyne interference in a second optical coupler (11), and the generated Rayleigh beat signal (e) and Brillouin beat signal (f) are converted into electrical signals by a balance detector (12); then, a radio frequency filter (13) is used for filtering the Brillouin beat frequency signal (f), and only the Rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) with narrower line width is recorded as an estimated value of a component with the same frequency as the pump light in the spectral signal (a) to be detected;
and adjusting the output light frequency of the tunable laser (1) to traverse the frequency range of the whole spectrum signal (a) to be detected, and recording the intensity of a corresponding Rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) according to the frequency of the pump light to form a recovery spectrum (a') of the light source to be detected.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
in the coherent spectrum analysis measuring process based on the fiber Rayleigh scattering, as shown in FIG. 1, the output light of a tunable laser (1) is split into local oscillator light and pump light through a first optical coupler (3), wherein the pump light enters a port 1 of an optical circulator (7) after being amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), enters a delay fiber (8) after being emitted through a port 2 of the optical circulator (7), the energy of the pump light in the delay fiber (8) is converted to generate fiber Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering, so that an optical fiber backscattering filter is formed, and the subsequent propagation of the residual pump light is blocked by an optical isolator (4) to prevent interference on a light source to be detected (2); after a light source (2) to be detected passes through an optical isolator (4), a polarization controller (6) adjusts the polarization state, and then the light source enters a delay optical fiber (8), as shown in fig. 2, an optical fiber backscattering filter formed by the method filters and amplifies a spectrum signal (a) to be detected into a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c), so that the Rayleigh signal (b) and the Brillouin signal (c) are extracted; the Rayleigh signal (b) and the Brillouin signal (c) extracted by the optical fiber backscattering filter are incident from a port 2 of an optical circulator (7), the optical power is adjusted by a first optical attenuator (9) after the Rayleigh signal (b) and the Brillouin signal (c) are emitted from a port 3 of the optical circulator (7), heterodyne interference occurs between the adjusted Rayleigh signal (b) and the Brillouin signal (c) and local oscillation light (d) which is also adjusted by a second optical attenuator (10) in a second optical coupler (11), and the generated Rayleigh beat signal (e) and Brillouin beat signal (f) are converted into electrical signals by a balance detector (12); then, as shown in fig. 3, a radio frequency filter (13) is used for filtering the brillouin beat frequency signal (f), and only the rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) with a narrower line width is recorded as an estimated value of a component with the same frequency as the pump light in the spectral signal (a) to be detected; adjusting the output light frequency of the tunable laser (1) to traverse the frequency range of the whole spectrum signal (a) to be detected, recording the intensity of the corresponding Rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) according to the frequency of the pump light to form a recovered spectrum (a ') of the light source to be detected, and analyzing and processing the information contained in the recovered spectrum (a') to obtain the result of precise spectrum measurement.
Claims (2)
1. A coherent spectrum analysis measuring device based on optical fiber Rayleigh scattering is characterized in that: the device comprises a tunable laser (1), a light source to be detected (2), a first optical coupler (3), an optical isolator (4), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), a polarization controller (6), an optical circulator (7), a delay fiber (8), a first optical attenuator (9), a second optical attenuator (10), a second optical coupler (11), a balance detector (12), a radio frequency filter (13) and a data acquisition module (14); the tunable laser (1) is connected with an input port of the first optical coupler (3), an output port 1 of the first optical coupler (3) is connected with the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5) is connected with a port 1 of the optical circulator (7), the port 3 of the optical circulator (7) is connected with the first optical attenuator (9), and the first optical attenuator (9) is connected with an input port 1 of the second optical coupler (11) through single-mode fibers; the output port 2 of the first optical coupler (3) is connected with a second optical attenuator (10), and the second optical attenuator (10) is connected with the input port 2 of a second optical coupler (11) through single-mode optical fibers; the light source (2) to be detected is connected with the optical isolator (4), the optical isolator (4) is connected with the polarization controller (6), the polarization controller (6) is connected with the delay fiber (8), and the delay fiber (8) is connected with the port 2 of the optical circulator (7) through a single-mode fiber; the output port of the second optical coupler (11) is connected with the balance detector (12) through a single-mode optical fiber; the balance detector (12) is connected with the radio frequency filter (13), and the radio frequency filter (13) is connected with the data acquisition module (14) through cables;
the tunable laser (1), the light source to be detected (2), the first optical coupler (3), the optical isolator (4), the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5), the polarization controller (6), the optical circulator (7) and the delay fiber (8) form an optical fiber backscattering filter which is used for extracting a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c) from a spectral signal to be detected (a);
the second optical coupler (11), the balance detector (12), the radio frequency filter (13) and the data acquisition module (14) form a heterodyne interferometer, and the heterodyne interferometer is used for enabling the rayleigh signal (b) and the brillouin signal (c) to interfere with the local oscillation light (d) to form a rayleigh beat signal (e) and a brillouin beat signal (f), then separating the rayleigh beat signal (e) and the brillouin beat signal (f) in a radio frequency filtering mode, and recording the rayleigh beat signal (e) to form a restored spectrum (a').
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: output light of the tunable laser (1) is split into local oscillation light and pumping light through the first optical coupler (3), wherein the pumping light is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA (5) and enters the port 1 of the optical circulator (7), the pumping light is emitted through the port 2 of the optical circulator (7) and enters the delay fiber (8), and in the delay fiber (8), the pumping light and a spectral signal to be detected (a) entering the delay fiber (8) through the optical isolator (4) and the polarization controller (6) carry out energy exchange in the forms of fiber Rayleigh scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering, so that the formed fiber backscatter filter can filter and amplify the spectral signal to be detected (a) into a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c); a Rayleigh signal (b) and a Brillouin signal (c) generated by the optical fiber backscattering filter are incident from a port 2 of an optical circulator (7), are emitted from a port 3 of the optical circulator (7) and are adjusted by a first optical attenuator (9), the adjusted Rayleigh signal (b) and Brillouin signal (c) and local oscillator light (d) which is also adjusted by a second optical attenuator (10) generate heterodyne interference in a second optical coupler (11), and the generated Rayleigh beat signal (e) and Brillouin beat signal (f) are converted into electrical signals by a balance detector (12); then, a radio frequency filter (13) is used for filtering the Brillouin beat frequency signal (f), and only the Rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) with narrower line width is recorded as an estimated value of a component with the same frequency as the pump light in the spectral signal (a) to be detected; adjusting the output light frequency of the tunable laser (1) to traverse the frequency range of the whole spectrum signal (a) to be detected, recording the intensity of the corresponding Rayleigh beat frequency signal (e) according to the frequency of the pump light to form a recovered spectrum (a ') of the light source to be detected, and analyzing and processing the information contained in the recovered spectrum (a') to obtain the result of precise spectrum measurement.
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