CN111827026B - Safe long and large downhill road section and vehicle cooling method - Google Patents
Safe long and large downhill road section and vehicle cooling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111827026B CN111827026B CN202010728600.5A CN202010728600A CN111827026B CN 111827026 B CN111827026 B CN 111827026B CN 202010728600 A CN202010728600 A CN 202010728600A CN 111827026 B CN111827026 B CN 111827026B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
- E01C1/002—Design or lay-out of roads, e.g. street systems, cross-sections ; Design for noise abatement, e.g. sunken road
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
- E01C1/007—Design or auxiliary structures for compelling drivers to slow down or to proceed with caution, e.g. tortuous carriageway; Arrangements for discouraging high-speed or non-resident traffic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
- E01F15/02—Continuous barriers extending along roads or between traffic lanes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/529—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users specially adapted for signalling by sound or vibrations, e.g. rumble strips; specially adapted for enforcing reduced speed, e.g. speed bumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe long and large downhill road section, which comprises an upper convex road section and a common road section which are alternately arranged, wherein the common road section is a straight line section or a lower concave road section; a road surface coating in the shape of a deceleration strip is arranged on a downhill road in front of the turning boundary of the highway section; the highway section of putting into the corner place the place ahead highway section right side of anxious highway section is equipped with the railing, and the railing includes the horizontal pole, and the horizontal pole supports in ground through a plurality of montants, and the lateral wall of each montant is equipped with first chromatograph and second chromatograph along upper and lower direction in turn, and first chromatograph and second chromatograph are formed by the pigment spraying of different colours, and the total quantity of first chromatograph and second chromatograph reduces to two by the back to preceding in proper order on every montant in each group's montant. The invention is provided with an air injection system for cooling the brake of the vehicle. The invention also discloses a corresponding vehicle cooling method. The invention can improve the driving safety by air injection cooling and actively utilizing the visual effect, does not consume water resources and is beneficial to environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road safety, in particular to a long and large downhill road section.
Background
The technical standards of highway engineering indicate that: the long and large longitudinal slopes are very unfavorable for the driving of the lorry, the downhill can cause the brake overheating, the brake efficiency is weakened, and the traffic accident is caused. The slope can be reduced by changing the long and large downhill road section into the spiral road section, and the safety of the road is improved. However, due to the limitation of terrain conditions, many road sections in mountain roads can only be used for building a long downhill. The long and large downhill section has a slope top section, a slope middle section and a slope bottom section. There are data indicating that 63% of accidents occur in the bottom grade segment where the vehicle brakes are more likely to fail due to the continuous braking heat through the top and middle grade segments.
The slope length is also a key factor, and 80 percent of accidents in long and large downhill sections occur in sections with the slope length greater than 1.47 kilometers.
Of the troublemaking vehicles, 74% are large and medium-sized vehicles, and when the large and medium-sized vehicles are braked, the heat generation phenomenon is more serious than that of small vehicles, and the brake failure is more easily caused. There are patents that propose to set up temperature monitoring devices and water jet equipment on both sides of the road to cool down the vehicle brakes. This method consumes a large amount of water, and only a small amount of water is actually sprayed to the high-temperature area of the hub to effectively cool. Water resources in mountainous areas are often lack, and workload which is hard to bear is brought to timely water supplement of a water spraying device. Various factors cause that the technology of water spraying cooling cannot be popularized and applied in reality.
Among human factors, the fault of the long and large downhill section is often accompanied by the error of the slope judgment of the driver, a slow downhill with a smaller slope is connected to the long and large downhill section, and the driver is easy to mistakenly think of the uphill and accelerate, so that the speed is too high.
The actual measurement shows that when the vehicle runs on a convex road surface in a long and large downhill road section, human eyes can generate illusion, the seen gradient is larger than the actual gradient, and the sight distance is limited, so that a driver can easily and actively reduce the vehicle speed. On the contrary, when the vehicle runs on a concave road surface in a long and large downhill road section, human eyes can generate illusion, the seen gradient is smaller than the actual gradient, and a driver can easily adopt a higher gradient, so that the accident rate is improved. The visual illusion formed naturally brings danger to driving safety, and if the vehicle speed can be prevented from being too fast by actively utilizing the visual illusion of people, the danger brought by the visual illusion formed naturally can be avoided, and the driving safety of the long and large downhill road section is improved.
Traffic accidents on long and large downhill sections have serious threats to the safety of lives and properties of people, for example, the full length of K1392-K1440 in Shaanxi province of 312 national roads is 48 kilometers, the terrain along the lines is dangerous, and the slopes are deep and deep. In the road section, from 7 months in 1999 to 12 months in 2001, 81 people die and 363 people are injured from the occurrence of traffic accidents 560, and the economic loss is nearly 900 ten thousand yuan.
When a vehicle passes through the speed bump, violent vibration can be generated if the speed of the vehicle is high, so that a driver can timely decelerate before passing through the speed bump. The deceleration strip is not suitable for being used on a long downhill section, and if a vehicle fails to brake and passes through the deceleration strip at a high speed, serious safety risk is brought.
Studies by scholars show that the temperature of the brake (wheel brake drum) is preferably kept within 200 ℃, and at least within 300 ℃; the dangerous working condition of heat fading is easy to occur when the temperature of the brake drum exceeds 200 ℃ (see article 'vertical section control indication research of road continuous downhill road section' of Zhou Rong Gui, Xujian and the like), and the brake failure phenomenon is easy to occur when the temperature exceeds 300 ℃.
During braking, the temperature of the brake rises continuously, so if the temperature of the brake is reduced again after the temperature of the brake is too high, the temperature cannot be reduced rapidly, and relatively speaking, a greater safety risk is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safe long and large downhill road section, which can actively utilize the influence of visual effect on natural visual illusion and improve the driving safety of the long and large downhill road section.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a safe long and large downhill road section, which comprises a plurality of alternately arranged convex road sections and common road sections from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope, wherein the common road sections are straight line sections or concave road sections; the vertical section of the upper convex road section is in an arc shape with the arc top facing upwards, the vertical section of the straight line section is an inclined straight line, the vertical section of the lower concave road section is in an arc shape with the arc top facing downwards, and the gradient of the upper convex road section is smaller than that of the common road section;
the boundary between the upper convex road section and the common road section below the upper convex road section is a delay road section inflection, and the boundary between the common road section and the upper convex road section below the common road section is a delay road section inflection;
a road surface coating in the shape of a deceleration strip is arranged on the downhill road in front of the inflection of the fast and slow road section by taking the downhill direction as the forward direction; a handrail is arranged on the right side of the section in front of the turning boundary of the fast and slow section, the handrail comprises a cross bar at the top, the cross bar is supported on the ground through a plurality of vertical bars which are uniformly arranged at intervals, the height of each vertical bar from the ground is the same, and the cross bar is parallel to the ground;
the side wall of each vertical rod is alternately provided with a first color layer and a second color layer in the vertical direction, the first color layer and the second color layer are formed by spraying pigments with different colors, the number of the first color layer and the number of the second color layer are respectively N, the height of the first color layer and the height of the second color layer on each vertical rod are the same, each vertical rod is formed by combining 2-3 vertical rods which are sequentially adjacent from back to front, and the total number of the first color layer and the second color layer on each vertical rod in each group of vertical rods is the same;
the total quantity of the first color layers and the second color layers on each group of vertical rods is reduced from back to front in sequence until the total quantity of the first color layers and the second color layers on each vertical rod is reduced to two.
The long and large downhill road section is a bidirectional lane, and an isolation belt is arranged between the bidirectional lanes; in the bidirectional lanes, the lane with a downward slope is called a downhill lane;
the air injection systems for cooling the vehicle brake are symmetrically arranged on the right sides of the isolation belt and the road with the downhill direction as the front direction;
the air injection system comprises an air compressor, the air compressor is connected with a high-pressure air tank downwards, the high-pressure air tank is embedded in the soil body, the high-pressure air tank is connected with an air outlet main pipe, and the air outlet main pipe is embedded in the soil body along the length direction of the safe long and large downhill road section; the air outlet main pipe is uniformly connected with a plurality of vertical branch pipes at intervals along the length direction, the vertical branch pipes extend upwards out of the soil body and are uniformly connected with a plurality of air injection components at intervals up and down, each air injection component comprises a laser temperature sensor, an air injection electromagnetic valve and an air injection nozzle, and the air injection direction of each air injection nozzle vertically faces to a downhill lane; the direction of the temperature detected by the laser temperature sensor is consistent with the air injection direction of the corresponding air nozzle; on the same vertical branch pipe, each air injection assembly is divided into 1 st to Nth air injection assemblies from bottom to top; the heights of the air injection assemblies with the same number on each vertical branch pipe from the road surface are the same;
the air compressor, each laser temperature sensor and each air injection electromagnetic valve are connected with an electric control device; the vertical branch pipes are the 1 st to M th vertical branch pipes from back to front in sequence, and N and M are natural numbers.
The method is characterized in that a plurality of sets of air injection systems are uniformly arranged at intervals from 500 meters in front of the starting point of the safe long and large downhill section to the bottom of the slope, taking the top of the safe long and large downhill section as the starting point, the bottom of the safe long and large downhill section as the end point and the downhill direction as the forward direction.
The high-pressure gas tank is filled with pigment powder.
The invention also provides a vehicle cooling method using the safe long and large downhill road section, which comprises the following steps:
the laser temperature sensors of all the air injection components in the air injection system continuously monitor the temperature, and the brake of the downhill vehicle is overheated to cause the temperature of the hub to rise;
when a laser temperature sensor in a certain numbered air injection assembly detects an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ in a downhill lane, the fact that the brake of the passing vehicle is overheated currently means;
when the number of a vertical branch pipe where the air injection assembly is located is X, the number of the air injection assembly is Y, when (M-X) is more than or equal to 3, the electric control device opens an air injection electromagnetic valve in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes, an air injection nozzle in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes sprays low-temperature air flow to the center of a road, the low-temperature air flow and a hub of a downhill vehicle are located on the same horizontal plane, and the low-temperature air flow is sprayed on the hub to cool the hub when the hub of the downhill vehicle passes through the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes;
when the (M-X) < 3, the electric control device opens the air injection electromagnetic valve in the No. Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. M stand pipes;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve in one air injection assembly is opened, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve of the air injection assembly to keep an open state in the process that a laser temperature sensor in the air injection assembly detects that an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ continuously exists in a downhill lane;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve in one air injection assembly is opened and a laser temperature sensor of the air injection assembly detects that no object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ exists in a downhill lane, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve of the air injection assembly to close the air injection electromagnetic valve after the opening time reaches H seconds; h is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10 seconds;
when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank is less than 0.9MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to start, and the ambient air is compressed and then sent into the high-pressure air tank; when the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank is higher than 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to stop; when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank is more than or equal to 0.9MPa and less than or equal to 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to keep the original state unchanged.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention does not need to consume water resources, does not bring negative effects to the environment, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
The invention utilizes three visual effects to prompt the driver to automatically reduce the speed:
1. the driver alternately passes through the upper convex road section and the common road section, the slope of the upper convex road section is smaller, and the vehicle speed is not required to be too low; when a driver approaches to a common road section on an upper convex road section, a section of the common road section in front of the sight line of the driver is shielded by the road surface and cannot be seen, and the driver generally thinks that the slope of the front common road section is very large under the condition; and the driver will automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle to avoid danger due to human vigilance from the nature of the unknown. Therefore, the driver can actively reduce the speed before entering the common road section with a large gradient, and the driving safety risk of the long and large downhill road section is further reduced.
2. Be equipped with the road surface coating that is the deceleration strip shape on the downhill path in anxious and slow highway section turn border the place ahead, cause the illusion that the place ahead road surface has the deceleration strip in the vision, the driver will instinctively reduce the speed of a motor vehicle in order to avoid violent vibration after seeing "deceleration strip" when turning the border through anxious and slow highway section for when road surface slope grow, can reduce the speed of a motor vehicle because its misunderstanding "deceleration strip", reduce the driving safety risk of growing up the downhill path.
3. The total number of first chromatograph and second chromatograph on each group's montant reduces to two by backward in proper order until the total number of first chromatograph and second chromatograph falls on every montant forward, can make the driver think the horizontal pole height of this department highway section is constantly reducing, and then judge the road surface at the downward sloping, thereby avoid the driver to think about stepping on the throttle with higher speed on the upslope by the mistake when going to the gentle slope highway section by the abrupt slope highway section, the nature vision illusion that brings to the slope change is carried out the offset correction, reduce the driving safety risk of the downhill path section of growing up and growing up.
The vertical branch pipes extend out of the soil body upwards and are connected with a plurality of air injection assemblies at even intervals from top to bottom, and the vertical branch pipes can adapt to wheels with different diameters. The brake (i.e. the brake equipment, such as the brake drum) is located wheel hub department, therefore need set up a plurality of gas injection subassembly from top to bottom, just can adapt to the wheel of different diameters, guarantees to monitor the temperature of wheel hub department and will gas injection on wheel hub place plane.
According to the invention, when the air compressor presses ambient air into the high-pressure air tank, the temperature of the gas pressed into the high-pressure air tank is increased according to a gas state equation pv = nRt, and when high-temperature gas is stored in the high-pressure air tank, the temperature of the high-temperature gas is higher than the ambient temperature, so that the heat is continuously released into an environmental soil body through the tank body of the high-pressure air tank until the temperature in the high-pressure air tank is the same as the ambient temperature.
By adopting the air injection system, the electric control device can open the air injection electromagnetic valve of the air injection assembly where the laser temperature sensor is located and the air injection electromagnetic valves of the air injection assemblies with the same number on the three adjacent vertical branch pipes in front of the road surface when a certain laser temperature sensor detects a high-temperature state, and high-pressure air is injected to the middle of the road along the height of the vehicle hub. After the high-pressure gas is sprayed out, the pressure is reduced, according to a gas state equation pv = nRt, the temperature of the high-speed gas after the pressure is reduced, and the low-temperature gas flow impacts on a vehicle hub to cool a brake device more quickly and effectively.
If no high pressure gas tank releases heat to the earth in advance, it is difficult to reduce the temperature of the gas eventually sprayed to the vehicle. The gas temperature is reduced to improve the gas injection cooling speed, so that the defect of low gas injection cooling speed is overcome, the gas injection cooling can be applied to long and downhill road sections instead of water injection cooling, and the problem of water injection cooling described in the background art is further solved.
Statistical data show that 80% of accidents occur on a road section with a slope length of more than 1.47 kilometers, and the temperature of a brake device (brake) is too high when the accidents occur, so that temperature measurement and temperature reduction need to be started in advance. When the vehicle just enters the long downhill section, the brake device is not in a high-temperature state, so that an air injection system is not needed to be arranged at the starting point of the long downhill section. Comprehensively, the air injection system is most suitable to be arranged from 500 meters in front of the starting point, so that waste caused by arranging the air injection system in advance is avoided, and the condition that the temperature of the vehicle cannot be timely reduced due to too late arrangement (too far away from the starting point of a long downhill road section) of the air injection system is avoided.
By adopting the vehicle cooling method, as long as the brake is overheated due to continuous braking when the vehicle passes through a downhill lane, the laser temperature sensor of the air injection assembly which is as high as the hub of the vehicle detects the overheating phenomenon, so that the air injection nozzle in the air injection assembly and the front 3 air injection nozzles which are as high as the road surface are opened to inject high-speed airflow, the pressure is reduced after the airflow is injected, high-speed low-temperature airflow is formed, the high-speed low-temperature airflow impacts on the hub, and the brake can be cooled better. When the vehicle with the overheated brake runs, three air nozzles which are as high as the wheel hub are arranged in front of the vehicle to jet low-temperature air flow, and the jetted low-temperature air flow forms a low-temperature area, so that the brake of the vehicle continuously passes through the low-temperature air flow in the low-temperature area, and the vehicle is cooled more quickly through continuous cooling.
The invention starts to jet air and continuously cool when the temperature of the hub reaches more than 200 ℃, which is beneficial to controlling the temperature of the brake at a lower level and avoiding the brake failure phenomenon. By adopting the pressure range of the high-pressure air tank, low-temperature air flow (higher than the theoretical temperature) of-20 ℃ to-50 ℃ can be obtained in practice, and the cooling speed of a vehicle brake (hub) is improved.
The high pressure gas tank 12 is equipped with pigment powder, can jet out the air that has the colour, reminds the higher driver of stopper temperature to pay attention to the brake safety problem, reminds the back car driver to pay attention to the place ahead vehicle simultaneously and has danger, and then reduces the risk that takes place the interlinked accident.
Drawings
The attached drawings in the invention are schematic drawings and are not drawn to actual scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a section of the safe long downhill section of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a section of balustrade in front of the turn of a critical and retarded road section, where multiple breaks are used to avoid overlong drawing, and each group of vertical bars only displays one vertical bar; when a driver looks forward at the section of the rail at an oblique view angle, the driver is easy to misjudge that the slope of the section of the rail is larger;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the gas injection system;
fig. 5 is a control schematic diagram of the air injection system.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the safe long and large downhill section of the invention comprises a plurality of alternately arranged convex sections 1 and normal sections 2 from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and the normal sections 2 are straight sections or concave sections; the vertical section of the road surface of the upper convex road section 1 is an arc with an upward arc top, the vertical section of the road surface of the straight line section is an inclined straight line, the vertical section of the road surface of the lower concave road section is an arc with a downward arc top, and the gradient of the upper convex road section 1 is smaller than that of the common road section 2;
the boundary of the upper convex road section 1 and the ordinary road section 2 below the upper convex road section is a delay road section inflection 3, and the boundary of the ordinary road section 2 and the upper convex road section 1 below the ordinary road section is a delay road section inflection 4;
a road surface coating 5 in a deceleration strip shape is arranged on the downhill road in front of the inflection 4 of the fast and slow road section by taking the downhill direction as the front direction; a handrail is arranged on the right side of the road section in front of the junction 4 of the fast and slow road section, the handrail comprises a cross rod 6 at the top, the cross rod 6 is supported on the ground through a plurality of vertical rods which are uniformly arranged at intervals, the height of each vertical rod from the ground is the same, and the cross rod 6 is parallel to the ground;
the side wall of each vertical rod is alternately provided with a first color layer 7 and a second color layer 8 along the vertical direction, the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 are formed by spraying pigments with different colors, the number of the first color layer 7 and the number of the second color layer 8 are respectively N, the height of the first color layer 7 and the height of the second color layer 8 on each vertical rod are the same, each vertical rod is a group of 2-3 vertical rods which are sequentially adjacent from back to front, and the total number of the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 on each vertical rod in each group of vertical rods is the same;
the total number of the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 on each group of vertical rods is reduced from back to front in sequence until the total number of the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 on each vertical rod is reduced to two. In order to reduce the size of the drawing, only one vertical bar is shown in fig. 3 for a set of vertical bars having the same total number of first color layer 7 and second color layer 8.
The invention utilizes three visual effects to prompt the driver to automatically reduce the speed:
1. the driver alternately passes through the upper convex road section 1 and the common road section 2, the slope of the upper convex road section 1 is smaller, and the vehicle speed is not required to be too low; when a driver approaches the ordinary road section 2 on the upper convex road section 1, a section of the ordinary road section 2 in front of the sight line of the driver is shielded by the road surface and cannot be seen, and the driver generally thinks that the slope of the ordinary road section 2 in front is very large under the condition; and the driver will automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle to avoid danger due to human vigilance from the nature of the unknown. Therefore, the driver can actively reduce the speed before entering the general road section 2 with a larger gradient, and the driving safety risk of the long and large downhill road section is further reduced.
2. Be equipped with the road surface coating 5 that is the deceleration strip shape on the downhill path in 4 the place ahead in the turn boundary of sharp highway section, the driver sees will instinctively reduce the speed of a motor vehicle in order to avoid violent vibration after "deceleration strip" when passing through sharp highway section turn boundary 4 for when the road surface slope grow, can reduce the speed of a motor vehicle because its misunderstanding "deceleration strip", reduce the driving safety risk of growing up the downhill path section.
3. The total amount of the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 on each group of vertical rods is sequentially reduced from back to front until the total amount of the first color layer 7 and the second color layer 8 on each vertical rod is reduced to two, a driver can be promoted to consider that the height of the cross rod 6 of the road section is continuously reduced, and then the road surface is judged to be inclined downwards, so that the situation that the driver mistakenly steps on an accelerator for acceleration when driving to a gentle slope road section from a steep slope road section is avoided, natural visual illusion brought by gradient change is subjected to hedging correction, and the driving safety risk of the long and large downhill road section is reduced.
The long and large downhill road section is a bidirectional lane, and an isolation belt 9 is arranged between the bidirectional lanes; among the bidirectional lanes, a lane on a downhill side is referred to as a downhill lane 10; the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 2 is the downhill direction.
An air injection system for cooling the vehicle brake is symmetrically arranged on the isolation belt 9 and the right side of the road by taking the downhill direction as the front direction;
the air injection system comprises an air compressor 11, wherein the air compressor 11 is connected with a high-pressure air tank 12 downwards, the high-pressure air tank 12 is buried in the soil, the high-pressure air tank 12 is connected with an air outlet main pipe 13, and the air outlet main pipe 13 is buried in the soil along the length direction of a safe long and large downhill road section; the air outlet main pipe 13 is uniformly connected with a plurality of vertical branch pipes 14 at intervals along the length direction, the vertical branch pipes 14 extend upwards out of the soil body and are uniformly connected with a plurality of air injection components (not limited to 5 groups shown in fig. 4, if 8 groups of air injection components can be arranged) at intervals, each air injection component comprises a laser temperature sensor 15, an air injection electromagnetic valve 16 and air injection nozzles 17, and the air injection direction of each air injection nozzle 17 vertically faces the downhill lane 10; the direction of the temperature detected by the laser temperature sensor 15 is consistent with the air injection direction of the corresponding air nozzle 17; on the same vertical branch pipe 14, each air injection assembly is divided into No. 1 to No. N air injection assemblies from bottom to top; the heights of the air injection assemblies with the same number on each vertical branch pipe 14 from the road surface are the same;
the air compressor 11, the laser temperature sensors 15 and the air injection electromagnetic valves 16 are all connected with an electric control device 18; the vertical branch pipes 14 are No. 1 to No. M vertical branch pipes 14 from back to front, and N and M are natural numbers. Wherein, the electric control device adopts a singlechip or a PLC or an integrated circuit.
The vertical branch pipe 14 extends upwards out of the soil body and is connected with a plurality of air injection assemblies at intervals up and down, and the vertical branch pipe can adapt to wheels with different diameters. The brake (i.e. the brake equipment, such as the brake drum) is located wheel hub department, therefore need set up a plurality of gas injection subassembly from top to bottom, just can adapt to the wheel of different diameters, guarantees to monitor the temperature of wheel hub department and will gas injection on wheel hub place plane.
In the present invention, when the air compressor 11 presses the ambient air into the high pressure air tank 12, the temperature of the gas pressed into the high pressure air tank 12 rises according to the gas state equation pv = nRt, and when the high temperature gas is stored in the high pressure air tank 12, the temperature of the high temperature gas is higher than the ambient temperature, so that the heat is continuously released into the ambient soil body through the tank body of the high pressure air tank 12 until the temperature in the high pressure air tank 12 is the same as the ambient temperature.
By adopting the air injection system, when a certain laser temperature sensor 15 detects a high-temperature state, the electric control device can open the air injection electromagnetic valve 16 of the air injection assembly where the laser temperature sensor 15 is located and the air injection electromagnetic valves 16 of the air injection assemblies with the same number on the three adjacent vertical branch pipes 14 in front of the road surface, and high-pressure air is injected to the middle of the road along the height of the vehicle hub. After the high-pressure gas is sprayed out, the pressure is reduced, according to a gas state equation pv = nRt, the temperature of the high-speed gas after the pressure is reduced, and the low-temperature gas flow impacts on a vehicle hub to cool a brake device more quickly and effectively.
If the high pressure gas tank 12 does not release heat to the earth in advance, it is difficult to lower the temperature of the gas eventually sprayed to the vehicle. The gas temperature is reduced to improve the gas injection cooling speed, so that the defect of low gas injection cooling speed is overcome, the gas injection cooling can be applied to long and downhill road sections instead of water injection cooling, and the problem of water injection cooling described in the background art is further solved.
The method is characterized in that a plurality of sets of air injection systems are uniformly arranged at intervals from 500 meters in front of the starting point of the safe long and large downhill section to the bottom of the slope, taking the top of the safe long and large downhill section as the starting point, the bottom of the safe long and large downhill section as the end point and the downhill direction as the forward direction.
Statistical data show that 80% of accidents occur on a road section with a slope length of more than 1.47 kilometers, and the temperature of a brake device (brake) is too high when the accidents occur, so that temperature measurement and temperature reduction need to be started in advance. When the vehicle just enters the long downhill section, the brake device is not in a high-temperature state, so that an air injection system is not needed to be arranged at the starting point of the long downhill section. Comprehensively, the air injection system is most suitable to be arranged from 500 meters in front of the starting point, so that waste caused by arranging the air injection system in advance is avoided, and the condition that the temperature of the vehicle cannot be timely reduced due to too late arrangement (too far away from the starting point of a long downhill road section) of the air injection system is avoided.
The pigment powder is arranged in the high-pressure gas tank 12, so that colored air can be sprayed out, a driver with a higher brake temperature is reminded of paying attention to the safety problem of braking, and a driver of a rear vehicle is reminded of paying attention to the fact that a vehicle in front is dangerous, so that the risk of occurrence of a interlinked accident is reduced. During the pigment consumption, the color of the sprayed gas becomes lighter until the color disappears. The staff can replenish a certain amount of pigment powder to the high-pressure air tank by hand in due time.
The invention also discloses a vehicle cooling method using the safe long and large downhill road section, which comprises the following steps:
the laser temperature sensors 15 of all the air injection components in the air injection system continuously monitor the temperature, and the temperature of the wheel hub is increased due to the overheating of the brake of the downhill vehicle;
when the laser temperature sensor 15 in a certain numbered jet assembly detects an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ in the downhill lane 10, the fact that the brake of the passing vehicle is overheated currently means;
when the number of a vertical branch pipe 14 where the air injection assembly is located is X, the number of the air injection assembly is Y, when (M-X) is more than or equal to 3, the electric control device opens an air injection electromagnetic valve 16 in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 (including two end values), an air nozzle 17 in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes sprays low-temperature air flow to the center of a road, the low-temperature air flow and a hub of a downhill vehicle are located on the same horizontal plane, and the low-temperature air flow is sprayed on the hub to cool the hub when the hub of the downhill vehicle passes through the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes;
when the (M-X) < 3, the electric control device opens the air injection electromagnetic valve 16 in the No. Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. M stand pipes;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve 16 in one air injection assembly is opened, in the process that a laser temperature sensor 15 in the air injection assembly detects that an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ continuously exists in the downhill lane 10, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve 16 of the air injection assembly to keep an open state;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve 16 in one air injection assembly is opened and a laser temperature sensor 15 of the air injection assembly detects that no object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ exists in the downhill lane 10, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve 16 of the air injection assembly to close the air injection electromagnetic valve 16 after the opening time reaches H seconds; h is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10 seconds;
when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank 12 is less than 0.9MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor 11 to start, and the ambient air is compressed and then sent into the high-pressure air tank 12; when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank 12 is higher than 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor 11 to stop; when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank 12 is greater than or equal to 0.9MPa and less than or equal to 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor 11 to keep the original state unchanged.
By adopting the vehicle cooling method, as long as the brake is overheated due to continuous braking when the vehicle passes through the downhill lane 10, the laser temperature sensor 15 of the air injection assembly which is as high as the hub of the vehicle detects the overheating phenomenon, so that the air injection nozzle 17 in the air injection assembly and the air injection nozzles 17 in the front of the air injection assembly which are 3 at the same height from the road surface are opened to inject high-speed airflow, the pressure is reduced after the airflow is injected, high-speed low-temperature airflow is formed, the high-speed low-temperature airflow impacts on the hub, and the brake can be cooled better. When the vehicle with the overheated brake runs, three air nozzles 17 which are as high as the hub of the vehicle always eject low-temperature air flow, and the ejected low-temperature air flow forms a low-temperature area, so that the brake of the vehicle continuously passes through the low-temperature air flow in the low-temperature area, and the brake of the vehicle is cooled more quickly through continuous cooling.
The invention starts to jet air and continuously cool when the temperature of the hub reaches more than 200 ℃, which is beneficial to controlling the temperature of the brake at a lower level and avoiding the brake failure phenomenon. By adopting the pressure range of the high-pressure air tank 12, low-temperature air flow (higher than the theoretical temperature) of-20 ℃ to-50 ℃ can be obtained in practice, and the cooling speed of a vehicle brake (hub) is improved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The vehicle cooling method is carried out by using a safe long and large downhill section, wherein the safe long and large downhill section comprises a plurality of alternately arranged convex sections and common sections from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope, and the common sections are straight sections or concave sections; the vertical section of the upper convex road section is in an arc shape with the arc top facing upwards, the vertical section of the straight line section is an inclined straight line, the vertical section of the lower concave road section is in an arc shape with the arc top facing downwards, and the gradient of the upper convex road section is smaller than that of the common road section;
the boundary between the upper convex road section and the common road section below the upper convex road section is a delay road section inflection, and the boundary between the common road section and the upper convex road section below the common road section is a delay road section inflection;
a road surface coating in the shape of a deceleration strip is arranged on the downhill road in front of the inflection of the fast and slow road section by taking the downhill direction as the forward direction; a handrail is arranged on the right side of the section in front of the turning boundary of the fast and slow section, the handrail comprises a cross bar at the top, the cross bar is supported on the ground through a plurality of vertical bars which are uniformly arranged at intervals, the height of each vertical bar from the ground is the same, and the cross bar is parallel to the ground;
the side wall of each vertical rod is alternately provided with a first color layer and a second color layer in the vertical direction, the first color layer and the second color layer are formed by spraying pigments with different colors, the number of the first color layer and the number of the second color layer are respectively N, the height of the first color layer and the height of the second color layer on each vertical rod are the same, each vertical rod is formed by combining 2-3 vertical rods which are sequentially adjacent from back to front, and the total number of the first color layer and the second color layer on each vertical rod in each group of vertical rods is the same;
the total number of the first color layers and the second color layers on each group of vertical rods is sequentially reduced from back to front until the total number of the first color layers and the second color layers on each vertical rod is reduced to two;
the long and large downhill road section is a bidirectional lane, and an isolation belt is arranged between the bidirectional lanes; in the bidirectional lanes, the lane with a downward slope is called a downhill lane;
the air injection systems for cooling the vehicle brake are symmetrically arranged on the right sides of the isolation belt and the road with the downhill direction as the front direction;
the air injection system comprises an air compressor, the air compressor is connected with a high-pressure air tank downwards, the high-pressure air tank is embedded in the soil body, the high-pressure air tank is connected with an air outlet main pipe, and the air outlet main pipe is embedded in the soil body along the length direction of the safe long and large downhill road section; the air outlet main pipe is uniformly connected with a plurality of vertical branch pipes at intervals along the length direction, the vertical branch pipes extend upwards out of the soil body and are uniformly connected with a plurality of air injection components at intervals up and down, each air injection component comprises a laser temperature sensor, an air injection electromagnetic valve and an air injection nozzle, and the air injection direction of each air injection nozzle vertically faces to a downhill lane; the direction of the temperature detected by the laser temperature sensor is consistent with the air injection direction of the corresponding air nozzle; on the same vertical branch pipe, each air injection assembly is divided into 1 st to Nth air injection assemblies from bottom to top; the heights of the air injection assemblies with the same number on each vertical branch pipe from the road surface are the same;
the air compressor, each laser temperature sensor and each air injection electromagnetic valve are connected with an electric control device; the vertical branch pipes are sequentially from the 1 st to the Mth vertical branch pipes from back to front, and N and M are natural numbers;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the laser temperature sensors of all the air injection components in the air injection system continuously monitor the temperature, and the brake of the downhill vehicle is overheated to cause the temperature of the hub to rise;
when a laser temperature sensor in a certain numbered air injection assembly detects an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ in a downhill lane, the fact that the brake of the passing vehicle is overheated currently means;
when the number of a vertical branch pipe where the air injection assembly is located is X, the number of the air injection assembly is Y, when (M-X) is more than or equal to 3, the electric control device opens an air injection electromagnetic valve in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes, an air injection nozzle in the Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes sprays low-temperature air flow to the center of a road, the low-temperature air flow and a hub of a downhill vehicle are located on the same horizontal plane, and the low-temperature air flow is sprayed on the hub to cool the hub when the hub of the downhill vehicle passes through the No. X to No. X +3 vertical pipes;
when the (M-X) < 3, the electric control device opens the air injection electromagnetic valve in the No. Y air injection assembly on the No. X to No. M stand pipes;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve in one air injection assembly is opened, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve of the air injection assembly to keep an open state in the process that a laser temperature sensor in the air injection assembly detects that an object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ continuously exists in a downhill lane;
after an air injection electromagnetic valve in one air injection assembly is opened and a laser temperature sensor of the air injection assembly detects that no object with the temperature of more than or equal to 200 ℃ exists in a downhill lane, an electric control device controls the air injection electromagnetic valve of the air injection assembly to close the air injection electromagnetic valve after the opening time reaches H seconds; h is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 10 seconds;
when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank is less than 0.9MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to start, and the ambient air is compressed and then sent into the high-pressure air tank; when the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank is higher than 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to stop; when the pressure in the high-pressure air tank is more than or equal to 0.9MPa and less than or equal to 1.3MPa, the electric control device controls the air compressor to keep the original state unchanged.
2. The vehicle cooling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a plurality of sets of air injection systems are uniformly arranged at intervals from 500 meters in front of the starting point of the safe long and large downhill section to the bottom of the slope, taking the top of the safe long and large downhill section as the starting point, the bottom of the safe long and large downhill section as the end point and the downhill direction as the forward direction.
3. The vehicle cooling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-pressure gas tank is filled with pigment powder.
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| CN111827026A (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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Address after: No.91, Longhai Middle Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000 Patentee after: Zhengzhou Transportation planning Survey, Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.91, Longhai Middle Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000 Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING SURVEY & DESIGN INSTITUTE |