CN111825566B - 六氯苯半抗原、人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
六氯苯半抗原、人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了六氯苯半抗原、人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用,本发明提供的六氯苯半抗原既最大程度保留了六氯苯的特征结构,使得六氯苯半抗原的免疫原性明显增强,又具有可以与载体蛋白发生偶联的羧基;用六氯苯半抗原与载体蛋白偶联后得到的六氯苯人工抗原去免疫动物,更有利于刺激动物免疫应答产生特异性更强、灵敏度更高的抗体,经检测六氯苯抗体的灵敏度可达0.1μg/L,与其他有机氯农药的交叉反应率低,为后续建立六氯苯的各种免疫分析方法提供了基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品安全检测领域。更具体地,本发明涉及六氯苯半抗原、人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
六氯苯曾主要用于防治麦黑穗病、种子和土壤消毒,也被用作一种溶剂,以及生产合成橡胶、聚氯乙烯塑料、烟火、军火、木材防腐剂和染料中作为制造中间体或者添加剂,具有难降解、生物蓄积和高毒性等特点,可通过吸入、食入、经皮肤吸收等途径到达人体内,对肝脏和神经系统造成影响,导致器官功能损伤和皮肤损害,是人类致癌物之一。另外,六氯苯对水生生物也有极高的毒性,并通过食物链发生生物蓄积作用,最终影响人类健康。因此对六氯苯监控具有重要的现实意义。
目前,国内外检测六氯苯主要采用气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱串联质谱法等分析方法,存在样品前处理繁琐、检测时间长、仪器贵重等缺点,所以在我国无法得到广泛应用,并且不符合现场检测“在短时间内低成本对大量样品进行准确检测和筛选”的要求。而免疫学检测分析技术以其高灵敏、特异性高、快速、操作简便等优点在药物残留检测领域已被广泛应用,比起仪器等检验方法有很多优势。所以免疫分析为六氯苯残留研究提供了一条新的分析检测方法。
在建立免疫学检测方法并应用该检测方法检测六氯苯残留量时,关键技术在于能够获取到特异性强、灵敏度高的抗体,而要实现这一目标,前提条件就是得合成、制备出合适的六氯苯半抗原。但是,目前国内还没有针对六氯苯半抗原的相关报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足之处,本发明提供一种能最大程度保留六氯苯的特征结构,又具有一定长度连接臂的半抗原以及这种半抗原的制备方法;以此半抗原制备的人工抗原、检测灵敏度高和特异性强的抗体;以及此半抗原的应用。
为了实现本发明的目的,第一方面,本发明提供一种六氯苯半抗原,其具有如下结构式:
本发明提供的六氯苯半抗原在六氯苯分子结构上引入羧基活性基团,从而可以与载体蛋白进行偶联得到人工抗原用于免疫;该六氯苯半抗原保留了六氯苯的所有特征基团,最小改变六氯苯原有结构特征,同时与载体蛋白偶联后,突出的是六氯苯本身独有的分子结构,为后续刺激动物免疫应答产生特异性更强、灵敏度更高的抗体奠定基础。本发明的六氯苯半抗原弥补了国内六氯苯免疫学检测方法技术领域的空白,为六氯苯免疫检测方法的进一步发展奠定了基础。
第二方面,本发明提供上述六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,其是由五氯苯甲醛和3-肼基丙酸进行缩合反应得到。
进一步地,该制备方法为:取五氯苯甲醛加甲醇溶解,澄清;取3-肼基丙酸加水溶解,滴加到五氯苯甲醛的甲醇溶液中;加入三氟乙酸,室温搅拌3h,停止反应,然后进行分离纯化得到六氯苯半抗原;其中,所述五氯苯甲醛、3-肼基丙酸的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步地,该制备方法的具体步骤如下:取五氯苯甲醛2.78g加甲醇60mL溶解,澄清;取3-肼基丙酸1.05g加水3mL溶解,滴加到五氯苯甲醛的甲醇溶液中;加入三氟乙酸0.2mL,室温搅拌3h,停止反应,旋蒸,除去甲醇,加水50mL,乙酸乙酯50mL×3,萃取三次,合并有机相,旋蒸蒸干,用硅胶柱纯化,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯体积比为3:1的混合溶剂洗脱分离,得到六氯苯半抗原。
本发明根据六氯苯的结构特点,合理设计六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,使用的原料易得,反应操作较为简单,反应条件易于控制,制备的六氯苯半抗原的纯度和收率较高。
第三方面,本发明提供一种六氯苯人工抗原,其是载体蛋白和上述六氯苯半抗原偶联得到的偶联物。所述六氯苯人工抗原可以作为免疫原,也可以作为包被原。
进一步地,所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白、人血清白蛋白或血蓝蛋白;优选牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白。
更具体的如:六氯苯半抗原-牛血清白蛋白(BSA)形成的免疫原;六氯苯半抗原-卵清蛋白(OVA)形成的包被原。
六氯苯半抗原分子仅具有免疫反应性,而不具有免疫原性。因此,为了赋予六氯苯半抗原分子以免疫原性,还需要将该六氯苯半抗原分子与合适的载体蛋白分子偶联、结合在一起,由此产生既具有免疫反应性又具有免疫原性的六氯苯人工抗原。
第四方面,本发明提供上述六氯苯人工抗原的制备方法,采用碳二亚胺法将载体蛋白偶联于上述六氯苯半抗原的羧基上。
第五方面,本发明提供一种六氯苯抗体,它是由上述六氯苯人工抗原经动物免疫得到,其能与六氯苯发生特异性免疫反应。
进一步地,所述六氯苯抗体为单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。另外,对于所述六氯苯抗体,可以采用本领域常规方法来进行制备。
在一个具体的实施方案中,所述六氯苯抗体为特异性针对上述六氯苯半抗原的六氯苯人工抗原的鼠源单克隆抗体。
采用本发明的六氯苯人工抗原得到的六氯苯抗体的效价、特异性、亲和力都较好,与其他有机氯农药的交叉反应率低。
第六方面,本发明提供上述六氯苯抗体在检测六氯苯残留中的应用。
本发明通过六氯苯人工抗原诱导免疫动物产生抗体,从而用于六氯苯免疫检测分析中。
所述的六氯苯免疫检测包括但不限于六氯苯ELISA试剂盒、六氯苯胶体金试纸条、六氯苯时间分辨荧光试纸条。
借由上述技术方案,本发明至少具有如下优点及有益效果:
本发明提供的六氯苯半抗原既最大程度保留了六氯苯的特征结构,使得六氯苯半抗原的免疫原性明显增强,又具有可以与载体蛋白发生偶联的羧基;用六氯苯半抗原与载体蛋白偶联后得到的六氯苯人工抗原去免疫动物,更有利于刺激动物免疫应答产生特异性更强、灵敏度更高的抗体,为后续建立六氯苯的各种免疫分析方法提供基础。
本发明中六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,使用的原料易得,反应操作较为简单,反应条件易于控制,制备的六氯苯半抗原的纯度和收率较高。
采用本发明的六氯苯人工抗原得到的六氯苯抗体的效价、特异性、亲和力都较好,灵敏度可达到0.1μg/L,与其他有机氯农药的交叉反应率低。
附图说明
图1是本发明六氯苯半抗原的合成路线
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明,但实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,步骤如下:
取五氯苯甲醛2.78g加甲醇60mL溶解,澄清;取3-肼基丙酸1.05g加水3mL溶解,滴加到五氯苯甲醛的甲醇溶液中;加入三氟乙酸0.2mL,室温搅拌3h,停止反应,旋蒸,除去甲醇,加水50mL,乙酸乙酯50mL×3,萃取三次,合并有机相,旋蒸蒸干,用硅胶柱纯化,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯体积比为3:1的混合溶剂洗脱分离,得到六氯苯半抗原。
实施例2
一种六氯苯人工抗原的制备方法,步骤如下:
取实施例1制备的六氯苯半抗原14mg,加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)1mL溶解,加N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)9.7mg、碳二亚胺(EDC)11mg,室温反应3h,得到半抗原溶液A液;取牛血清白蛋白(BSA)50mg,加0.05mol/L CB缓冲液溶解,得到B液;将A液滴加到B液中,4℃反应12h,用0.02mol/L PBS透析纯化3天,每天换液3次,得到与牛血清白蛋白偶联的六氯苯人工抗原,分装,-20℃保存。
实施例3
一种六氯苯人工抗原的制备方法,步骤如下:
取实施例1制备的六氯苯半抗原6mg,加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)1mL溶解,加NHS 5.2mg、EDC 5.5mg,室温反应3h,得到半抗原溶液A液;取卵清蛋白(OVA)50mg,加0.05mol/L CB缓冲液溶解,得到B液;将A液滴加到B液中,4℃反应12h,用0.02mol/L PBS透析纯化3天,每天换液3次,得到与卵清蛋白偶联的六氯苯人工抗原,分装,-20℃保存。
实施例4
一种六氯苯抗体,其制备方法为:
1.动物免疫
取健康的6~8周雌性Balb/c小鼠10只(分为A与B两组,每组5只),初次免疫用弗氏完全佐剂乳化后颈背部皮下多点注射,每只小鼠免疫剂量为200μg与牛血清白蛋白偶联的六氯苯人工抗原;之后加强免疫每两周颈背部皮下多点注射一次,乳化用弗氏不完全佐剂;最后一次免疫使用生理盐水代替弗氏不完全佐剂,采用腹腔注射,注射剂量和前面几次相同。具体免疫步骤见表1。
表1小鼠免疫程序
第三次、四次、加强免疫后7d,对小鼠断尾取血,ELISA方法测定小鼠血清效价,具体步骤如下:
(1)用0.05mol/L pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液将与卵清蛋白偶联的六氯苯人工抗原做1:1000稀释,每孔100μL包被酶标板,37℃孵育2h,甩掉包被液,以PBST洗涤1次,拍干;
(2)每孔加入150μL封闭液,37℃反应2h后倾去封闭液,拍干;
(3)每孔加入50μL以PBS倍比稀释的抗血清,25℃反应30min后倾去反应液,以PBST洗涤3~5次,每次间隔30s,拍干;
(4)加PBS稀释的辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠抗抗体(1:1000)100μL/孔,25℃反应30min,以PBST洗涤3~5次,每次间隔30s,拍干;
(5)每孔加入底物显色液A液和B液各50μL,25℃避光反应15min,每孔加入50μL2mol/L的H2SO4溶液终止反应;
(6)酶标仪测定波长在450nm的OD值,以样品孔OD450接近于1的稀释倍数作为阳性血清的效价。
2.细胞融合
(1)饲养细胞制备:断颈处死8~10周龄Balb/c小鼠,浸泡在75%酒精中5min,随即放入超净工作台内,腹部朝上放于平皿内或固定于解剖板上。用眼科镊子夹起小鼠腹部皮肤,用剪刀剪一小口,注意切勿剪破腹膜,以免腹腔液外流和污染。然后用剪刀向上下两侧做钝性分离,充分暴露腹膜。用酒精棉球擦拭腹膜消毒。用注射器吸取5mL RPMI-1640基础培养液,注入小鼠腹腔,轻轻抽回注射器,晃动小鼠腿部和尾部几次。用原注射器抽回腹腔内液体,注入离心管。如此反复操作3~4次。1000r/min离心10min,弃上清。用20~50mL完全培养液重悬细胞,100μL/孔滴加到培养板,置培养箱备用。
(2)脾细胞制备:加强免疫后3d,取免疫Balb/c小鼠,眼眶采血后脱臼处死,在75%酒精中消毒后取脾脏,去除结缔组织,制备脾细胞悬液,转移到50mL离心管中,加RPMI-1640至30mL,1500~2000r/min离心5min,弃上清,加RPMI-1640至30mL,计数待用。
(3)骨髓瘤细胞制备:取3瓶生长状态良好的(活细胞数>95%)骨髓瘤细胞,将之完全吹下,转移到50mL离心管中,加RPMI-1640至30mL,1500~2000r/min离心5min,弃上清,加RPMI-1640至30mL,计数待用。
(4)细胞混合:脾细胞:骨髓瘤细胞=8:1,混合,1500~2000r/min离心5min。
(5)细胞融合:将混合好的细胞离心,倒干上清,把沉淀细胞块弹成糊状,置37℃水浴,在1min内加入1mL融合剂,融合剂为聚乙二醇(PEG)4000,作用2min,并轻轻搅拌细胞,在随后4min内加入20mL无血清的PEG营养液,1000r/min离心10min,弃上清。用20~50mL完全培养液重悬细胞,铺种于含饲养细胞的96孔细胞培养板,每孔100μL,置培养箱中。
3.细胞株筛选
待细胞长至孔底的1/3~1/2时,即可进行抗体检测。采用ELISA方法对有杂交瘤细胞生长的培养孔进行筛选,筛选分两步:第一步先用间接ELISA筛选出阳性细胞孔,第二步选用六氯苯为标准品,用间接竞争ELISA对阳性细胞进行抑制效果测定。选出对六氯苯标准品具有较好抑制的孔,采用有限稀释法进行亚克隆,用同样的方法进行检测。重复三次,即可得到能稳定分泌六氯苯单克隆抗体的细胞株。
4.腹水制备
将液体石蜡注射6~8周Balb/c小鼠,500μL/只。10天后将处于对数生长期的杂交瘤细胞用RPMI-1640基础培养基收集,用血球计数板和显微镜计数,细胞浓度在1.0×106~1.5×106个/mL范围内。每只小鼠0.5mL杂交瘤细胞注射到腹腔。注意观察在一周后小鼠腹部膨大,用无菌注射器于小鼠腹腔采集腹水,每隔一到两天采集一次,这样多次反复采集直到小鼠自然死亡。4℃下5000r/min离心5min,收集上清,并去掉腹水上层漂浮的脂肪和蛋白质膜。
5.抗体纯化
单克隆抗体采用辛酸-硫酸铵方法纯化。
6.抗体效价测定
采用间接ELISA方法测定抗体效价,步骤参考1.中动物免疫的血清效价测定。结果显示,六氯苯单克隆抗体的效价≥100000。
7.抗体交叉反应性测定
采用间接竞争ELISA方法测定,结果发现,六氯苯单克隆抗体对六氯苯及其他有机氯农药的交叉反应率为:六氯苯为100%,五氯硝基苯为13.5%,六六六、滴滴涕、七氯、氯丹、艾氏剂、狄氏剂均<10%。由此可见,所制备的抗体特异性较好。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制,但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案,均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种六氯苯半抗原,其特征在于,其具有如下结构式:
2.如权利要求1所述的六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,其是由五氯苯甲醛和3-肼基丙酸进行缩合反应得到。
3.如权利要求2所述的六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法为:取五氯苯甲醛加甲醇溶解,澄清;取3-肼基丙酸加水溶解,滴加到五氯苯甲醛的甲醇溶液中;加入三氟乙酸,室温搅拌3h,停止反应,然后进行分离纯化得到六氯苯半抗原;其中,所述五氯苯甲醛、3-肼基丙酸的摩尔比为1:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的六氯苯半抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法的具体步骤如下:取五氯苯甲醛2.78g加甲醇60mL溶解,澄清;取3-肼基丙酸1.05g加水3mL溶解,滴加到五氯苯甲醛的甲醇溶液中;加入三氟乙酸0.2mL,室温搅拌3h,停止反应,旋蒸,除去甲醇,加水50mL,乙酸乙酯50mL×3,萃取三次,合并有机相,旋蒸蒸干,用硅胶柱纯化,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯体积比为3:1的混合溶剂洗脱分离,得到六氯苯半抗原。
5.一种六氯苯人工抗原,其特征在于,其是载体蛋白和权利要求1所述的六氯苯半抗原偶联得到的偶联物。
6.如权利要求5所述的六氯苯人工抗原,其特征在于,所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白、人血清白蛋白或血蓝蛋白。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的六氯苯人工抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,采用碳二亚胺法将载体蛋白偶联于权利要求1所述六氯苯半抗原的羧基上。
8.一种六氯苯抗体,其特征在于,它是由权利要求5所述的六氯苯人工抗原经动物免疫得到,其能与六氯苯发生特异性免疫反应。
9.一种权利要求8所述的六氯苯抗体在检测六氯苯残留中的应用。
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