CN111820154A - Multi-variety ecological polyculture method for brachypodium leptostachya - Google Patents
Multi-variety ecological polyculture method for brachypodium leptostachya Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820154A CN111820154A CN201910323440.3A CN201910323440A CN111820154A CN 111820154 A CN111820154 A CN 111820154A CN 201910323440 A CN201910323440 A CN 201910323440A CN 111820154 A CN111820154 A CN 111820154A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-variety ecological polyculture method for short-cover giant-fat carp, which adopts polyculture of the short-cover giant-fat carp, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp and provides a specific polyculture proportion and a specific polyculture method. The invention better solves the problems of easy morbidity, high death rate and unstable benefit in the single-species breeding process of the short-cover giant fat carp, the ecological mixed breeding of multiple species can effectively utilize the breeding water space, the silver carps and the bighead carps can filter phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water, the grass carps can ingest small mollusks and rotten aquatic weeds, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the water is reduced, the self-purification capability of the water is enhanced, and the invention has obvious ecological benefit. The method has high survival rate of Cyprinus carpio koidzumi, and has higher economic benefit by harvesting grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp for a large amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a multi-species ecological mixed culture method for short-cover giant lipoid carps, grass carps, silver carps and bighead carps.
Background
Cyprinus carpiod belongs to the order Cyprinus carpioides, family Cyprinaceae, genus Cyprinus. Native to amazon river in south America, has the characteristics of eating impurity, fast growth, large individuals, easy fishing, thick meat, less spurs, delicious taste, rich nutrition and the like, and is one of important freshwater aquaculture varieties in China. However, the existing breeding of the Cyprinus carpio brevifiliformis is basically a traditional single-variety breeding mode, so that the feed utilization rate is low, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, and the economic benefit is low. By adopting the method for ecologically and mixedly culturing the short-cover giant fat carp, the grass carp, the silver carp and the bighead carp in multiple varieties, the utilization efficiency of the feed can be improved, the water quality can be regulated and controlled through the feed filtering effect of the silver carp and the bighead carp, the occurrence of diseases can be prevented and controlled, the utilization rate of the culture water body can be improved, the ecological niche of the culture water body can be scientifically utilized, the mutualistic symbiosis of the culture organisms can be promoted, and the purposes of increasing the yield and improving the efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological and efficient method for polyculture of short-cover giant lipoid carps in various ponds, which improves the utilization efficiency of aquaculture water bodies in each layer, regulates and controls the water quality of the ponds, reduces the discharge of aquaculture wastewater, reduces the occurrence of diseases and improves the overall economic benefit of aquaculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-variety ecological polyculture method for Cyprinus carpio koidzumi comprises the following steps:
(1) disinfection pool cleaning
Draining water from the pond 10-15 days before seeding, freeze-drying for several days, leveling the bottom of the pond, removing excess sludge (about 10 cm) on the surface layer, cleaning the pond with quick lime, bleaching powder or strong chlorine, and sterilizing to kill pathogenic bacteria; the dosage is 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime, 10-15 kg/mu of bleaching powder and 8-10 kg/mu of strong chlorine;
(2) stocking offspring seeds
In the middle and last ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 20 ℃, putting short-cover giant-fat carp fries with the putting specification of 10-12 fries/kg and the putting density of 1800 plus 2000 fries/mu; the silver carp and bighead carp feeding specification is 6-10 fish/kg, the feeding density is 200 and 220 fish/mu, and the ratio of the silver carp and bighead carp fries is about 3: 2; the grass carp feeding specification is 55-60 fish/kg, and the feeding density is 800-;
(3) feeding fodder
1) Feed grain diameter and nutrition requirement
Feeding short-cover giant fat carp pellet feed, wherein grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp are not fed independently; feeding different feeds at different growth stages, and feeding early stage open feed 3 days to 4 weeks after seedling placing, wherein the grain diameter is 1.5mm, and the protein content is more than 35%; after 4 weeks of cultivation, feeding the feed by using pellet feed, wherein the particle size of the feed is 2.5mm, and the protein content in the feed is 30-32%; the grain diameter of the feed at the later stage of cultivation is 3mm, and the protein content is 28-30%;
2) feeding method
Feeding the feed 2 times a day at 8-9 am and 4-5 pm every day; the feeding rate in the initial stage of the culture is 3% -4% of the weight of the fish, the feeding rate in the middle stage is 4% -6%, and the feeding rate in the later stage is 7% -8%; adjusting the bait feeding amount every 10 days according to the growth of the fish body and the change of the water temperature during the culture period;
(4) breeding management
1) Oxygen increasing device
Increasing oxygen to water body according to 0.45-0.5W/m2The standard of the method is provided with an aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is kept to be more than 4.5 mg/L, the aerator is started for 2 hours at 12:00-14:00 every noon, the aerator is started up to sunrise in the next night, and the aerator is started up at any time in rainy days to prevent the pond from overflowing;
2) water changing
The water level is kept within 1m in month 5, so that the water body is favorably heated, the water level is gradually increased to more than 1.2m in month 6, and the water level is kept at 1.5m in month 7-8; injecting water for 1 time every month in 5-6 months, changing fresh water for 30cm every time, changing water for 1 time every 15 days in 6-9 months, and changing water for about 15cm every time. When the weather is dry, the interval water injection time needs to be shortened;
3) disease prevention and control
Splashing quicklime into the culture pond when the breeding is carried out for about 3 weeks in the previous period, wherein the splashing amount per mu is 30-45 kg; or 1% of penicillin is added into the fed feed for disease prevention and control;
(5) harvesting
Harvesting is started in late 8 months, and the harvest can be carried out when the growth specification reaches more than 0.5 kg/tail.
Wherein the area of the pond is about 5-10 mu, the east-west trend is, and the water depth is 1.5-2.0 m; the slope ratio is 1:2.5-1: 3.0; the pool bottom is flat and made of clay, the thickness of the sludge is 6-10cm, and an independent water inlet and outlet system is arranged.
The water inlet of the pond is provided with a water inlet net with 40 meshes, so that wild trash fishes are prevented from entering the pond.
Before stocking, the fish body is soaked in 3-5% sodium chloride solution for 5-8 min.
EM compound bacteria, bacillus and lactobacillus preparations are used for regulating and controlling the water quality in the whole cultivation process.
The method for multi-variety ecological mixed culture of the brachypodium carpi scientifically utilizes the ecological niche of the culture water body to promote the mutual beneficial symbiosis of the culture organisms and achieve the purposes of increasing the yield and increasing the efficiency of aquaculture; the method of the invention is adopted to carry out multi-variety ecological mixed culture, can reduce the discharge of culture wastewater, reduce the occurrence of diseases and improve the overall economic benefit of culture. The popularization and application of the method can greatly improve the economic benefit of the short-cover giant lipocarp production main body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
A multi-variety ecological polyculture method for Cyprinus carpio koidzumi comprises the following steps:
(1) disinfection pool cleaning
The pond area is 8 mu, the east-west trend, and the substrate is clay. Draining the pond water 12 days before putting the seedlings, freeze-drying for several days, leveling the bottom of the pond, removing the excess sludge (10 cm) on the surface layer, and disinfecting with 90 kg/mu of quicklime to kill pathogenic bacteria.
(2) Stocking offspring seeds
In the middle and last ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 20 ℃, putting short-cover giant-fat carp fries with the putting specification of 10-12 fries/kg and the putting density of 2000 fries/mu; the silver carp and bighead carp feeding specification is 6-10 fish/kg, the feeding density is 200 fish/mu, and the ratio of the silver carp fries to the bighead carp fries is about 3: 2; the grass carp feeding specification is 55-60 fish/kg, and the feeding density is 800 fish/mu. Before stocking, soaking fish body in 5% sodium chloride solution for 5 min.
(3) Feeding fodder
1) Feed grain diameter and nutrition requirement
The granulated feed for short-cover giant fat carp is fed, and grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp are not fed separately. Feeding different feeds at different growth stages, and feeding early stage open feed 3 days to 4 weeks after seedling placement, wherein the grain diameter is 1.5mm, and the protein content is more than 37%; after 4 weeks of cultivation, feeding the feed by using pellet feed, wherein the particle size of the feed is 2.5mm, and the protein content in the feed is 32%; the feed grain diameter at the later stage of cultivation is 3mm, and the protein content is 30%.
2) Feeding method
Feeding the feed 2 times a day at 8-9 am and 4-5 pm every day; the feeding rate in the initial stage of the culture is 4 percent of the weight of the fish, the feeding rate in the middle stage is 6 percent, and the feeding rate in the later stage is 8 percent; the feeding amount is adjusted every 10 days according to the growth of the fish body and the change of the water temperature during the culture period.
(4) Breeding management
1) Oxygen increasing device
Adding oxygen to the water body according to 0.5W/m2The standard of the method is equipped with an aerator, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is kept above 4.5 mg/L, the aerator is started for 2 hours at 12:00-14:00 every noon and then started up in the next nightAnd starting the machine at any time on a rainy day when the people come out, so as to prevent the pond from being flooded.
2) Water changing
The water level is kept within 1m in the month of 5, which is beneficial to the temperature rise of the water body, the water level is gradually increased to more than 1.2m in the month of 6, and the water level is kept at 1.5m in the month of 7-8; injecting water for 1 time every month in 5-6 months, changing fresh water for 30cm every time, changing water for 1 time every 15 days in 6-9 months, and changing water for about 15cm every time. In dry weather, the interval water injection time needs to be shortened.
3) Disease prevention and control
And splashing quicklime into the culture pond when the breeding pond is raised for about 3 weeks in the previous period, wherein the splashing amount per mu is 40 kg.
(5) Harvesting
Harvesting is started in late 8 months, and the harvest can be carried out when the growth specification reaches more than 0.5 kg/tail.
The method for ecologically polyculturing the brachypodium carpi of multiple varieties has the beneficial effects that: not only can improve the culture yield, but also can form a stable ecological system by utilizing the ecological niches of the cultured varieties, improve the disease resistance and improve the culture water quality.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for ecologically polyculturing the short-cover giant-fat carp in multiple varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) disinfection pool cleaning
Draining water from the pond 10-15 days before seeding, freeze-drying for several days, leveling the bottom of the pond, removing excess sludge (about 10 cm) on the surface layer, cleaning the pond with quick lime, bleaching powder or strong chlorine, and sterilizing to kill pathogenic bacteria; the dosage is 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime, 10-15 kg/mu of bleaching powder and 8-10 kg/mu of strong chlorine;
(2) stocking offspring seeds
In the middle and last ten days of 5 months, when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 20 ℃, putting short-cover giant-fat carp fries with the putting specification of 10-12 fries/kg and the putting density of 1800 plus 2000 fries/mu; the silver carp and bighead carp feeding specification is 6-10 fish/kg, the feeding density is 200 and 220 fish/mu, and the ratio of the silver carp and bighead carp fries is about 3: 2; the grass carp feeding specification is 55-60 fish/kg, and the feeding density is 800-;
(3) feeding fodder
1) Feed grain diameter and nutrition requirement
Feeding short-cover giant fat carp pellet feed, wherein grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp are not fed independently; feeding different feeds at different growth stages, and feeding early stage open feed 3 days to 4 weeks after seedling placing, wherein the grain diameter is 1.5mm, and the protein content is more than 35%; after 4 weeks of cultivation, feeding the feed by using pellet feed, wherein the particle size of the feed is 2.5mm, and the protein content in the feed is 30-32%; the grain diameter of the feed at the later stage of cultivation is 3mm, and the protein content is 28-30%;
2) feeding method
Feeding the feed 2 times a day at 8-9 am and 4-5 pm every day; the feeding rate in the initial stage of the culture is 3% -4% of the weight of the fish, the feeding rate in the middle stage is 4% -6%, and the feeding rate in the later stage is 7% -8%; adjusting the bait feeding amount every 10 days according to the growth of the fish body and the change of the water temperature during the culture period;
(4) breeding management
1) Oxygen increasing device
Increasing oxygen to water body according to 0.45-0.5W/m2The standard of the method is provided with an aerator, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is kept to be more than 4.5 mg/L, the aerator is started for 2 hours at 12:00-14:00 every noon, the aerator is started up to sunrise in the next night, and the aerator is started up at any time in rainy days to prevent the pond from overflowing;
2) water changing
The water level is kept within 1m in month 5, so that the water body is favorably heated, the water level is gradually increased to more than 1.2m in month 6, and the water level is kept at 1.5m in month 7-8; injecting water for 1 time every month in 5-6 months, changing fresh water for 30cm every time, changing water for 1 time every 15 days in 6-9 months, and changing water for about 15cm every time; when the weather is dry, the interval water injection time needs to be shortened;
3) disease prevention and control
Splashing quicklime into the culture pond when the breeding is carried out for about 3 weeks in the previous period, wherein the splashing amount per mu is 30-45 kg; or 1% of penicillin is added into the fed feed for disease prevention and control;
(5) harvesting
Harvesting is started in late 8 months, and the harvest can be carried out when the growth specification reaches more than 0.5 kg/tail.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pond area is about 5-10 acres, the east-west strike, and the water depth is 1.5-2.0 m; the slope ratio is 1:2.5-1: 3.0; the pool bottom is flat and made of clay, the thickness of the sludge is 6-10cm, and an independent water inlet and outlet system is arranged.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet of the pond is provided with a water inlet net with 40 meshes to prevent the wild trash fish from entering the pond.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fish bodies are soaked in 3% -5% sodium chloride solution for 5-8 min before stocking.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein EM complex bacteria, bacillus and lactobacillus preparation are used to regulate water quality during the whole cultivation process.
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| CN201910323440.3A CN111820154A (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2019-04-22 | Multi-variety ecological polyculture method for brachypodium leptostachya |
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| CN201910323440.3A CN111820154A (en) | 2019-04-22 | 2019-04-22 | Multi-variety ecological polyculture method for brachypodium leptostachya |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2010135449A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-02-27 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тюменская государственная сельскохоз | METHOD FOR GROWING FISH IN SHallow-water overseas lakes |
| CN104488775A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-08 | 江之光 | High-yield breeding method of freshwater pomfret pond |
| CN105941223A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-09-21 | 铜陵东晟生态农业科技有限公司 | A culture method for piaractus brachypomus |
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2019
- 2019-04-22 CN CN201910323440.3A patent/CN111820154A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2010135449A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-02-27 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тюменская государственная сельскохоз | METHOD FOR GROWING FISH IN SHallow-water overseas lakes |
| CN104488775A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-08 | 江之光 | High-yield breeding method of freshwater pomfret pond |
| CN105941223A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-09-21 | 铜陵东晟生态农业科技有限公司 | A culture method for piaractus brachypomus |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 王文彬: "淡水白鲳池塘高产养殖技术", 《水产养殖》 * |
| 郑舜 编辑: "淡水白鲳养殖技术", 《农民科技培训》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201027 |