CN111811411A - Slip surface displacement monitoring device based on elastic structure and measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Slip surface displacement monitoring device based on elastic structure and measuring method thereof Download PDF

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CN111811411A
CN111811411A CN202010736556.2A CN202010736556A CN111811411A CN 111811411 A CN111811411 A CN 111811411A CN 202010736556 A CN202010736556 A CN 202010736556A CN 111811411 A CN111811411 A CN 111811411A
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spring
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displacement
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CN111811411B (en
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朱正伟
易兴
朱耘萱
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Chongqing Major Construction Project Quality Inspection Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures

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Abstract

The invention provides a slip surface displacement monitoring device based on an elastic structure, which comprises a rigid lever, wherein the rigid lever is provided with a fulcrum; the device also comprises an input component and an output component; the input assembly comprises an input spring and a first U-shaped elastic piece; the output assembly comprises an output spring and a second U-shaped elastic piece; after the input spring and the first U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the input spring is connected to an input measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the input spring is connected to a point to be measured in the sliding area; after the output spring and the second U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the output spring is connected to the output measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the output spring is fixed; the first U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a first optical displacement measuring device, and the second U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a second optical displacement measuring device; the displacement of the slip surface can be accurately measured, the measuring range is large, the displacement and the displacement direction of the slip surface can be obtained in the measuring process, the displacement condition of the slip surface can be accurately reflected, the shape of the slip surface can be determined, and accurate measures can be taken.

Description

Slip surface displacement monitoring device based on elastic structure and measuring method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a displacement monitoring device and a method thereof, in particular to a slip surface displacement monitoring device based on an elastic structure and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The landslide displacement monitoring system is mature in practical application, but the traditional measuring method mainly has the defects of low monitoring efficiency, high measuring cost, low automation degree, low measuring precision and the like. With the application of high and new technologies such as a three-dimensional laser scanning technology, a GPS one-machine-multiple-antenna system, INSAR (synthetic aperture radar interferometry) and multi-sensor integration in the fields of landslide monitoring, prediction and forecast, the precision of landslide disaster deformation monitoring and forecast is further improved, but the technology is complex in structure and high in application cost.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a new technical means.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the slip surface displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure and the measuring method thereof provided by the invention can accurately measure the displacement of the slip surface, have a large measuring range, and can obtain the displacement amount and the displacement direction of the slip surface in the measuring process, so that the displacement condition of the slip surface can be accurately reflected, the shape of the slip surface can be measured, accurate countermeasures can be made, the structure is simple, complex circuit arrangement and networking are not needed, and the use cost is low.
The invention provides a slip surface displacement monitoring device based on an elastic structure, which comprises a rigid lever, wherein the rigid lever is provided with a fulcrum;
the device also comprises an input component and an output component;
the input assembly comprises an input spring and a first U-shaped elastic piece;
the output assembly comprises an output spring and a second U-shaped elastic piece;
after the input spring and the first U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the input spring is connected to an input measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the input spring is connected to a point to be measured in the sliding area;
after the output spring and the second U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the output spring is connected to the output measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the output spring is fixed;
the first U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a first optical displacement measuring device, and the second U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a second optical displacement measuring device.
Further, the first optical displacement measuring device and the second optical displacement measuring device are both fiber gratings;
the first optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the first U-shaped elastic member, and the second optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the second U-shaped elastic member.
Further, the input spring comprises a first input spring and a second input spring, the first U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first input spring and the second input spring, and the first input spring and the second input spring are coaxial and have the same elastic coefficient.
Further, the output spring comprises a first output spring and a second output spring, the second U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first output spring and the second output spring, and the first output spring and the second output spring are coaxial and have the same elastic coefficient.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a slip plane displacement measuring method based on the slip plane displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the displacement of a target to be detected of a slip surface;
s2, constructing a slip surface displacement calculation model according to the displacement of the target to be measured, and calculating the transverse displacement delta L of the slip surfacexAnd a longitudinal displacement amount DeltaLy：
Figure BDA0002605277450000021
Figure BDA0002605277450000022
Wherein L is4Represents the sum of the initial lengths of the first input spring, the second input spring and the first U-shaped elastic member in the unstressed state, and is Delta L4The total displacement of the target to be measured is represented, and theta is an included angle between the target to be measured and the direction of the force of the input measuring arm of the rigid lever; alpha is an angle value rotated by the input measuring arm and the output force arm; l is2Indicating the length of the input measuring arm.
Further, in step S2, the total displacement Δ L of the object to be measured4Is determined by the following method:
Figure BDA0002605277450000031
wherein h is2Is the height of the first U-shaped elastic member, t2Is the cross-sectional length of the first U-shaped elastic member, a2Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the first U-shaped elastic member22Is the elastic coefficient of the first input spring and the second input spring, E2Is the modulus of elasticity of the first U-shaped elastic member;
Figure BDA0002605277450000032
K4expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the input fiber grating4Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly4Is the initial wavelength value of the optical signal input to the input fiber grating;
further, in step S2, the angle θ between the object to be measured and the direction of the force input into the measuring arm of the rigid lever is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002605277450000033
wherein, K1The elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring in the output assembly after being connected in series through the second U-shaped elastic piece is delta L3Is the total displacement of the output member, L3The length of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part in the output assembly is the sum of the lengths of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part when the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part are not stressed; k2The elastic coefficient of a first input spring and a second input spring in the input assembly after being connected in series through a first U-shaped elastic piece is obtained; l is1For outputting the length of the measuring arm, L2For inputting the length of the measuring arm; wherein:
Figure BDA0002605277450000041
further, in step S2, the angle value α of the input moment arm and the output moment arm is determined according to the following method:
Figure BDA0002605277450000042
further, the total displacement amount Δ L of the output member is determined by the following method3：
Figure BDA0002605277450000043
Figure BDA0002605277450000044
Wherein h is1Is the height of the second U-shaped elastic member, t1Is the cross-sectional length of the second U-shaped elastic member, a1Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the second U-shaped elastic member11Is the elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring, E1The elastic modulus of the second U-shaped elastic member; k3Expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the output fiber grating3Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly3Is the initial wavelength value of the optical signal input to the output fiber grating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the displacement measuring device can accurately measure the displacement of the slip surface, has a large measuring range, can obtain the displacement amount and the displacement direction of the slip surface in the measuring process, can accurately reflect the displacement condition of the slip surface, can measure the shape of the slip surface, is beneficial to making accurate measures, has a simple structure, does not need complicated circuit arrangement and networking, and has low use cost.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the monitoring device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic high-level structure diagram of two U-shaped elastic members.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the sectional length and the sectional width of fig. 3 taken along the direction a.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification:
the invention provides a slip surface displacement monitoring device based on an elastic structure,
comprises a rigid lever 5 provided with a fulcrum 6;
the device also comprises an input component and an output component;
the input assembly comprises an input spring and a first U-shaped elastic member 8;
the output assembly comprises an output spring and a second U-shaped elastic piece 2;
after the input spring and the first U-shaped elastic piece 8 are connected in series, one end of the input spring is connected to an input measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the input spring is connected to a point to be measured 11 in the sliding area;
one end of the output spring is connected with the rigid lever output measuring arm after being connected with the second U-shaped elastic piece 2 in series, and the other end of the output spring is fixed;
the first U-shaped spring 8 is provided with a first optical displacement measuring device 10 and the second U-shaped spring 2 is provided with a second optical displacement measuring device 3.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the first optical displacement measuring device 10 and the second optical displacement measuring device 3 are both fiber gratings;
the first optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the first U-shaped elastic member, and the second optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the second U-shaped elastic member.
The input spring comprises a first input spring 7 and a second input spring 9, the first U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first input spring 7 and the second input spring 9, and the first input spring 7 and the second input spring 9 are coaxial and have equal elastic coefficients.
The output spring comprises a first output spring 1 and a second output spring 4, the second U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first output spring 1 and the second output spring 4, and the first output spring 1 and the second output spring 4 are coaxial and have the same elastic coefficient.
Certainly, the whole measuring device is also provided with an optical signal generating device and an optical signal demodulating device, the optical signal generating device sends an optical signal to the fiber bragg grating, when the point to be measured displaces, the structure of the spring is deformed, so that the wavelength on the fiber bragg grating is drifted, the wavelength drift value is solved through the optical signal demodulating device, and then the corresponding displacement is obtained through the following method; the displacement of the slip surface can be accurately measured, the measurement range is large, the displacement amount and the displacement direction of the slip surface can be obtained in the measurement process, so that the displacement condition of the slip surface can be accurately reflected, the shape of the slip surface can be measured, accurate countermeasures can be favorably made, the structure is simple, complex circuit arrangement and networking are not needed, and the use cost is low; for the measurement of the slip surface, a plurality of points to be measured are arranged on the slip surface, the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the points to be measured are the displacement of the whole slip surface, a displacement vector is obtained through the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement, the displacement vector is the slip direction, and the displacement vector of each point to be measured is fitted through the measurement of the points to be measured, namely, the displacement vectors are connected to form the shape of the slip surface, moreover, in the invention, the measuring range can be adjusted, namely, the lengths of an input measuring arm and an output measuring arm are changed through adjusting the position of a fulcrum, as shown in figure 1, therefore, under the structure, the requirements of different working condition environments can be met, wherein, the layout schematic diagram of the invention is shown in figure 2, in the figure, an arrow indicates the slip direction of the slip surface, and a target to be measured is positioned along the area of a dotted line in the figure, and a point to be measured can be arranged at any point in the dotted line area.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a slip plane displacement measuring method based on the slip plane displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the displacement of a target to be detected of a slip surface;
s2, constructing a slip surface displacement calculation model according to the displacement of the target to be measured, and calculating the transverse displacement delta L of the slip surfacexAnd a longitudinal displacement amount DeltaLy：
Figure BDA0002605277450000061
Figure BDA0002605277450000062
Wherein L is4Represents the sum of the initial lengths of the first input spring, the second input spring and the first U-shaped elastic member in the unstressed state, and is Delta L4The total displacement of the target to be measured is represented, and theta is an included angle between the target to be measured and the direction of the force of the input measuring arm of the rigid lever; alpha is an angle value rotated by the input measuring arm and the output force arm; l is2Indicating the length of the input measuring arm.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the total displacement Δ L of the target to be measured4Is determined by the following method:
Figure BDA0002605277450000071
wherein h is2Is the height of the first U-shaped elastic member, t2Is the cross-sectional length of the first U-shaped elastic member, a2Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the first U-shaped elastic member22Is the elastic coefficient of the first input spring and the second input spring, E2Is the modulus of elasticity of the first U-shaped elastic member; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 shows the height of two U-shaped elastic members, and fig. 4 shows the sectional length and width of a-a in fig. 3;
Figure BDA0002605277450000072
K4expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the input fiber grating4Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly4Is the initial wavelength value of the optical signal input to the input fiber grating;
in step S2, an angle θ between the target to be measured and the direction of the force input into the measuring arm of the rigid lever is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002605277450000073
wherein, K1The elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring in the output assembly after being connected in series through the second U-shaped elastic piece is delta L3Is the total displacement of the output member, L3The length of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part in the output assembly is the sum of the lengths of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part when the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part are not stressed; k2The elastic coefficient of a first input spring and a second input spring in the input assembly after being connected in series through a first U-shaped elastic piece is obtained; l is1For outputting the length of the measuring arm, L2For inputting the length of the measuring arm; wherein:
Figure BDA0002605277450000081
in step S2, the angle value α of the input moment arm and the output moment arm is determined according to the following method:
Figure BDA0002605277450000082
further, the total displacement amount Δ L of the output member is determined by the following method3：
Figure BDA0002605277450000083
Figure BDA0002605277450000084
Wherein h is1Is the height of the second U-shaped elastic member, t1Is the cross-sectional length of the second U-shaped elastic member, a1Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the second U-shaped elastic member11Is the elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring, E1The elastic modulus of the second U-shaped elastic member; k3Expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the output fiber grating3Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly3For light input to output optical fiberAn initial wavelength value of the optical signal of the grating; by the method, the displacement of the slip surface can be accurately measured, the measurement range is large, and the displacement amount and the displacement direction of the slip surface can be obtained in the measurement process, so that the displacement condition of the slip surface can be accurately reflected, and accurate measures can be favorably taken.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a slip surface displacement monitoring devices based on bullet type structure which characterized in that: the device comprises a rigid lever, wherein the rigid lever is provided with a fulcrum;
the device also comprises an input component and an output component;
the input assembly comprises an input spring and a first U-shaped elastic piece;
the output assembly comprises an output spring and a second U-shaped elastic piece;
after the input spring and the first U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the input spring is connected to an input measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the input spring is connected to a point to be measured in the sliding area;
after the output spring and the second U-shaped elastic piece are connected in series, one end of the output spring is connected to the output measuring arm of the rigid lever, and the other end of the output spring is fixed;
the first U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a first optical displacement measuring device, and the second U-shaped elastic piece is provided with a second optical displacement measuring device.
2. The slip surface displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure is characterized in that: the first optical displacement measuring device and the second optical displacement measuring device are both fiber gratings;
the first optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the first U-shaped elastic member, and the second optical displacement measuring device is arranged at the bottom of the second U-shaped elastic member.
3. The slip surface displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure is characterized in that: the input spring comprises a first input spring and a second input spring, the first U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first input spring and the second input spring, and the first input spring and the second input spring are coaxial and have the same elastic coefficient.
4. The slip surface displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure is characterized in that: the output spring comprises a first output spring and a second output spring, the second U-shaped elastic piece is arranged between the first output spring and the second output spring, and the first output spring and the second output spring are coaxial and have the same elastic coefficient.
5. A method for measuring displacement of a slip plane based on the slip plane displacement monitoring device based on the elastic structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the displacement of a target to be detected of a slip surface;
s2, constructing a slip surface displacement calculation model according to the displacement of the target to be measured, and calculating the transverse displacement delta L of the slip surfacexAnd a longitudinal displacement amount DeltaLy：
Figure FDA0002605277440000021
Figure FDA0002605277440000022
Wherein L is4Represents the sum of the initial lengths of the first input spring, the second input spring and the first U-shaped elastic member in the unstressed state, and is Delta L4Representing the total displacement of the object to be measured, theta being the force of the object to be measured and the input measuring arm of the rigid leverThe included angle of the direction of (c); alpha is an angle value rotated by the input measuring arm and the output force arm; l is2Indicating the length of the input measuring arm.
6. The slip plane displacement measuring method according to claim 4, wherein: in step S2, the total displacement Δ L of the target to be measured4Is determined by the following method:
Figure FDA0002605277440000023
wherein h is2Is the height of the first U-shaped elastic member, t2Is the cross-sectional length of the first U-shaped elastic member, a2Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the first U-shaped elastic member22Is the elastic coefficient of the first input spring and the second input spring, E2Is the modulus of elasticity of the first U-shaped elastic member;
Figure FDA0002605277440000024
K4expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the input fiber grating4Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly4Is the initial wavelength value of the optical signal input to the input fiber grating;
7. the slip plane displacement measuring method according to claim 6, wherein: in step S2, an angle θ between the target to be measured and the direction of the force input into the measuring arm of the rigid lever is determined by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002605277440000031
wherein, K1The elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring in the output assembly after being connected in series through the second U-shaped elastic piece is delta L3Is the total displacement of the output member, L3The length of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part in the output assembly is the sum of the lengths of the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part when the first output spring, the second output spring and the second U-shaped elastic part are not stressed; k2For the first input spring and the second input spring in the input assemblyThe elastic coefficient is obtained by connecting the first U-shaped elastic pieces in series; l is1For outputting the length of the measuring arm, L2For inputting the length of the measuring arm; wherein:
Figure FDA0002605277440000032
8. the slip plane displacement measuring method according to claim 7, wherein: in step S2, the angle value α of the input moment arm and the output moment arm is determined according to the following method:
Figure FDA0002605277440000033
9. the slip plane displacement measuring method according to claim 7, wherein: determining the total amount of displacement Δ L of the output member by3：
Figure FDA0002605277440000034
Figure FDA0002605277440000035
Wherein h is1Is the height of the second U-shaped elastic member, t1Is the cross-sectional length of the second U-shaped elastic member, a1Is the cross-sectional width, K, of the second U-shaped elastic member11Is the elastic coefficient of the first output spring and the second output spring, E1The elastic modulus of the second U-shaped elastic member; k3Expressing the strain sensitivity coefficient, Delta lambda, of the output fiber grating3Representing the value of the change in wavelength, λ, of the fibre grating in the input assembly3Is the initial wavelength value of the optical signal input to the output fiber grating.
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