CN108760109B - Variable-range soil pressure measuring device and method based on Bragg fiber grating - Google Patents
Variable-range soil pressure measuring device and method based on Bragg fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil body internal pressure measuring methods, and discloses a variable-range soil body pressure measuring method based on a Bragg fiber grating, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting materials and sizes of the cantilever beam and the film according to the size and the measurement requirement of the measured object; (2) the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged on the cantilever beam and is tightly combined with the cantilever beam, the free end of the cantilever beam is connected with the film through the rigid dowel bar, and the fiber bragg grating sensor is connected with the fiber signal analysis processing equipment through the optical fiber; (3) fixing the fixed end of the cantilever beam on the sensor cavity, and placing the whole soil pressure sensor in a measured object; (4) and continuously measuring the strain value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor, and calculating the local pressure of the measured object. The invention can solve the problem of precise measurement of soil pressure in different ranges in the soil body, meets the measurement requirement of a large-span range, and has high measurement precision and high safety of the sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil body internal pressure measuring methods, and particularly relates to a variable-range soil body pressure measuring device and method based on a Bragg fiber grating.
Background
The existing soil surface local pressure measurement adopts an electromagnetic displacement meter, can measure the displacement between the upper surface and the lower surface of a measured object, but is difficult to measure the strain and the deformation of the middle part of the measured object with high precision. However, the local small displacement may affect the mechanical property calculation of the measured object, for example, the mechanical property of the local small strain of the soil body is related to the deformation calculation of the adjacent building caused by the excavation of the foundation pit, and simultaneously, the settlement calculation caused by the excavation of the tunnel may also be affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides the device and the method for measuring the soil body pressure based on the variable range of the Bragg fiber grating, which can accurately measure the mechanical characteristics of the soil body under the condition of small strain and provide important parameters for engineering design and deformation calculation.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a variable-range soil pressure measuring device, comprising a cantilever beam, a fiber bragg grating sensor, a rigid dowel bar, a membrane, a sensor cavity, and a fiber optic signal analyzing and processing device, wherein,
the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam along the length direction and is tightly combined with the cantilever beam;
the rigid dowel bar connects the free end of the cantilever beam with the film;
one end of the sensor cavity is open, and the thin film covers the open end of the sensor cavity;
the fixed end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the inner wall of the sensor cavity;
the optical fiber signal analysis processing equipment is connected with the fiber Bragg grating sensor through an optical fiber and is used for obtaining the strain of the fiber Bragg grating sensor.
Preferably, the optical fiber signal analyzing and processing device includes a broadband light source, a light source coupler, an optical signal analyzer and a signal collecting processor, the broadband light source is sequentially connected to the light source coupler, the optical signal analyzer and the signal collecting processor, and the light source coupler is further connected to the optical fiber.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for measuring soil pressure based on a variable range of a fiber bragg grating, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting materials and sizes of a cantilever beam and a film according to the size and the measurement requirement of a measured object, wherein the cantilever beam is made of a rectangular or rectangular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet, and the film is made of a circular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet;
(2) the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam along the length direction and is tightly combined with the central axis, the free end of the cantilever beam is connected with the film through a rigid dowel bar, the film covers the open end of the sensor cavity, the fiber bragg grating sensor, the cantilever beam, the rigid dowel bar and the film form a connecting body together, and then the fiber bragg grating sensor is connected with the fiber signal analysis processing equipment through optical fibers;
(3) fixing the fixed end of the cantilever beam of the connection body on the sensor cavity through the fixing part, so that the connection body and the sensor cavity jointly form the soil pressure sensor, placing the whole soil pressure sensor in a measured object, and recording the strain initial value of the fiber Bragg grating sensor;
(4) continuously measuring the strain value of the fiber Bragg grating sensor through the fiber signal analysis processing equipment, and calculating the local pressure of the measured object:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Bis the difference between the strain value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the strain initial value, E and EcThe elastic modulus of the film and the cantilever beam respectively, x is the distance between the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the fixed end on the cantilever beam, L is the length of the cantilever beam, and t is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beamcIs the thickness of the cantilever beam, IcAnd the inertia moment of the cantilever beam, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the film, R is the diameter of the film, and t is the thickness of the film.
Preferably, the bragg fiber grating sensor is installed at a fixed end of the cantilever beam, that is, x is 0, so that the junction forms a local pressure test part, the local pressure test part calculates a local pressure of a monitored portion of the object to be measured according to the following equation,
preferably, the measurement range and the sensitivity can be set by adjusting the material parameters and the structural size of the cantilever beam and the thin film.
Preferably, the optical fiber signal analyzing and processing device includes a broadband light source, a light source coupler, an optical signal analyzer and a signal collecting processor, the broadband light source is sequentially connected to the light source coupler, the optical signal analyzer and the signal collecting processor, and the light source coupler is further connected to the optical fiber.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1) the problem of wide-range precision measurement of soil pressure in the soil body can be solved, and the measurement requirement of the soil body internal pressure is met.
2) The invention obtains the calculation method for measuring the soil pressure by the fiber bragg grating, and can control the measurement range and sensitivity of the FBG-LDT by adjusting the parameters.
3) The sensor has high measurement precision, high safety and simple structure.
4) Has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and no problem of short circuit in water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a deformation model of the local pressure measurement method based on the Bragg fiber grating sensor according to the present invention;
fig. 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of a local pressure measurement method based on a fiber bragg grating sensor according to the present invention;
wherein: the sensor comprises a 1-broadband light source, a 2-laser, a 3-light source coupler, a 4-optical signal analyzer, a 5-signal acquisition processor, a 6-optical fiber, a 7-rigid dowel bar, an 8-thin film, a 9-cantilever beam, a 10-Bragg fiber grating sensor, an 11-fixed part and a 12-sensor cavity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, a variable-range soil pressure measuring device comprises a cantilever beam 9, a bragg fiber grating sensor 10, a rigid dowel bar 7, a film 8, a sensor cavity and a fiber signal analysis processing device, wherein,
the Bragg fiber grating sensor 10 is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam 9 along the length direction and is tightly combined with the central axis;
the rigid dowel bar 7 connects the free end of the cantilever beam 9 with the membrane 8;
one end of the sensor cavity is open, and the thin film 8 covers the open end of the sensor cavity;
the fixed end of the cantilever beam 9 is fixed on the inner wall of the sensor cavity;
the optical fiber signal analysis processing device is connected with the fiber bragg grating sensor 10 through an optical fiber 6, so as to obtain the strain of the fiber bragg grating sensor 10.
The invention utilizes a fiber Bragg grating sensor 10, the fiber Bragg grating sensor 10 is arranged on the surface of a cantilever beam 9, is connected with a film 8 through a rigid dowel bar 7 and is fixed on the surface of a measured object, when the measured object is subjected to an external load, the deformation of the measured object can cause the deformation of the film 8, and the axial deformation of the center of the film 8diaThe device consists of two parts: locally and uniformly distributing pressure p to act on the film 8; the concentration force Δ p due to the deformation of the cantilever beam 9 acts on the center of the membrane 8:
wherein, D ═ Et3/12(1-μ2) Where p is the pressure acting on the surface of the membrane 8, E and μ are the elastic modulus and poisson's ratio of the membrane 8, respectively, t and R are the thickness and radius of the membrane 8, respectively, and Δ p is a constant reaction force due to deformation of the cantilever beam 9, and is unknown. The axial displacement of the center of the film 8 is equal to the maximum deflection delta d of the cantilever beam 9 due to the existence of the rigid force transmission rod 7max。
Further, the reaction force Δ p acts on the free end of the cantilever beam 9 with the fiber bragg grating sensor 10, and the bending strain on the cantilever beam 9 becomes:
wherein, x is the position of the fiber Bragg grating sensor 10 on the local x coordinate system (the fixed end of the cantilever beam 9 is taken as the origin of the coordinate axis), M (x) is the bending moment value of the x position on the cantilever beam 9, L is the length of the cantilever beam 9, EcIs the modulus of elasticity, I, of the cantilever beam 9cIs the section moment of inertia (b) of the cantilever beam 9cIs the cross-sectional width, tcCross-sectional thickness).
According to Euler beam theory (Euler-Bernoulli), the cantilever beam 9 has a maximum deflection Δ d due to a concentrated force Δ pmaxComprises the following steps:
the formula (4) can be substituted for the formula (3):
according to central axial deformation of the film 8diaEqual to the maximum deflection delta d of the cantilever beam 9maxThe concentration force Δ p can be found as:
by combining the formula (4), the formula (5) and the formula (6), the relationship between the strain measured by the bragg fiber grating sensor 10 and the surface pressure to be measured can be obtained as follows:
wherein the bending strain can be measured by two fiber bragg grating sensors 10 (i.e. fiber bragg grating sensor a and fiber bragg grating sensor B). When the cantilever beam 9 is in a bending state, the axial strains at the upper and lower parts of the beam section are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the maximum bending strain at x can be obtained by the following formula:
whereinFBG_AAndFBG_Bthe strain measurement of the upper and lower fiber bragg grating sensors 10 of the cantilever beam respectively can eliminate the error brought by the temperature effect on the strain measurement.
From equation (7), the pressure acting on the surface of the object to be measured can be given by:
p＝C2 B (9)
wherein
C2Is the coefficient between the pressure acting on the surface of the coupling body and the strain measured by the fiber bragg grating sensor 10.
This formula is the key formula of the present invention, and it shows that the strain obtained by the bragg fiber grating sensor 10 has a unique correspondence with the applied external load p. This relationship is related to the material parameters and the structural dimensions of the cantilever beam 9 and the membrane 8. If the bragg fiber grating sensor is mounted at the fixed end of the cantilever beam 9, that is, x is 0, the formula (7) can be simplified as follows:
the formula shows the unique corresponding relation between the strain obtained by the fiber bragg grating sensor 10 and the pressure p acting on the surface of the coupling body under the condition that the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged at the fixed end position of the cantilever beam 9. And it can be seen from the formula that by controlling the material parameters and the structural dimensions of the cantilever beam 9 and the membrane 8, the range and sensitivity of the measurement can be adjusted.
Based on the derivation process, the invention provides a variable-range soil pressure measurement method based on a Bragg fiber grating, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting materials and sizes of a cantilever beam 9 and a film 8 according to the size and measurement requirements of a measured object, wherein the cantilever beam 9 is made of a rectangular or rectangular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet, and the film 8 is made of a circular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet;
(2) the fiber bragg grating sensor 10 is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam 9 along the length direction, the fiber bragg grating sensor and the membrane are tightly combined, the free end of the cantilever beam 9 is connected with the membrane 8 through a rigid dowel bar 7, the membrane 8 covers the open end of the sensor cavity 12, the fiber bragg grating sensor 10, the cantilever beam 9, the rigid dowel bar and the membrane 8 form a connecting body together, and then the fiber bragg grating sensor 10 is connected with optical fiber signal analysis processing equipment through an optical fiber 6;
(3) fixing the cantilever beam 9 of the connector on the sensor cavity 12, so that the connector and the sensor cavity 12 jointly form the soil pressure sensor, placing the whole soil pressure sensor in a measured object, and recording the strain initial value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor;
(4) continuously measuring the strain value of the fiber Bragg grating sensor through the fiber signal analysis processing equipment, and calculating the local pressure p of the measured object:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Bis the difference between the strain value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor 10 and the initial strain value, E and EcThe elastic modulus of the film 8 and the cantilever beam 9, x is the distance between the Bragg fiber grating sensor 10 and the fixed end of the cantilever beam 9, L is the length of the cantilever beam 9, and t iscIs the thickness of the cantilever beam 9, Icμ is the poisson's ratio of the membrane 8, R is the diameter of the membrane 8, and t is the thickness of the membrane 8, which is the moment of inertia of the cantilever beam 9.
The optical fiber signal analysis processing equipment comprises a broadband light source 1, a light source coupler 3, an optical signal analyzer 4 and a signal acquisition processor 5, wherein the broadband light source 1 is sequentially connected with the light source coupler 3, the optical signal analyzer 4 and the signal acquisition processor 5, the light source coupler 3 is further connected with an optical fiber 6, and the broadband light source 1 emits laser 2 to the light source coupler 3.
Further, the bragg fiber grating sensor 10 is installed at a fixed end of the cantilever beam 9, that is, at a position x is 0, so that the junction forms a local pressure test member, the local pressure test member calculates a local pressure of a monitoring portion of the object to be measured according to the following equation,
further, the measurement range can be set by adjusting the material parameters and the structural size of the cantilever beam 9 and the film 8.
Further, the measurement sensitivity can be adjusted by adjusting the material parameters and the structural dimensions of the cantilever beam 9 and the membrane 8.
Under the operating condition, when the soil body sample receives external load, the deformation of the film 8 can be caused by the deformation of the soil body sample, and further the deformation of the cantilever beam 9 is caused, so that the fiber bragg grating on the cantilever beam 9 generates strain and wavelength drift, the pressure of the measured object can be obtained, and the precise measurement of the pressure of the measured object is realized.
The invention is manufactured by adopting the following method: preferably, the fiber bragg grating sensors 10 are adopted, the resolution ratio is 1.0 mu, the two fiber bragg grating sensors 10 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of a cantilever beam 9, the cantilever beam 9 used in the invention is made of copper material, the size is 40mm long, 15mm wide and 1mm thick, the film 8 is made of copper material, the size is 0.6mm thick and 90mm diameter, the size of the whole connector is 30mm thick and 100mm diameter, then the fiber bragg grating sensors 10 are packaged by epoxy resin, and the fiber bragg grating sensors 10 are connected to a fiber bragg grating collector through optical fibers 6 to display, collect and store data. During the test, the fixing part 11 is fixed on the outer surface of the object to be tested by epoxy resin, after the fixing part 11 is completely fixed, the cantilever beam 9, the rigid dowel bar 7 and the like are arranged between the two fixing parts 11, and the cantilever beam and the rigid dowel bar are connected to a grating acquisition instrument through the optical fiber 6, so that the test data of the local pressure measurement device can be acquired, and the measurement resolution is 0.105 kPa/mu according to the selection of the material parameters and the structural design.
The testing method designed by the invention does not relate to electric signals, so that the short circuit problem does not exist in the water environment, and the method can also be applied to the local pressure testing of rocks and concrete.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A variable-range soil pressure measuring device is characterized by comprising a cantilever beam, a Bragg fiber grating sensor, a rigid dowel bar, a film, a sensor cavity and fiber signal analysis and processing equipment, wherein,
the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam along the length direction and is tightly combined with the cantilever beam;
the rigid dowel bar connects the free end of the cantilever beam with the film;
one end of the sensor cavity is open, and the thin film covers the open end of the sensor cavity;
the fixed end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the inner wall of the sensor cavity;
the optical fiber signal analysis processing equipment is connected with the fiber Bragg grating sensor through an optical fiber so as to obtain the strain of the fiber Bragg grating sensor;
the optical fiber signal analysis processing equipment comprises a broadband light source, a light source coupler, an optical signal analyzer and a signal acquisition processor, wherein the broadband light source is sequentially connected with the light source coupler, the optical signal analyzer and the signal acquisition processor, and the light source coupler is also connected with the optical fiber;
continuously measuring the strain value of the fiber Bragg grating sensor through the fiber signal analysis processing equipment, and calculating the local pressure of the measured object:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Bis the difference between the strain value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the strain initial value, E and EcThe elastic modulus of the film and the cantilever beam respectively, x is the distance between the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the fixed end on the cantilever beam, L is the length of the cantilever beam, and t is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beamcIs the thickness of the cantilever beam, IcAnd the inertia moment of the cantilever beam, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the film, R is the diameter of the film, and t is the thickness of the film.
2. The method for measuring the soil pressure based on the variable range of the Bragg fiber grating is characterized by being realized by adopting the variable range soil pressure measuring device of claim 1, and comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting materials and sizes of a cantilever beam and a film according to the size and the measurement requirement of a measured object, wherein the cantilever beam is made of a rectangular or rectangular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet, and the film is made of a circular sheet-shaped elastic metal sheet;
(2) the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged on the central axis of the surface of the cantilever beam along the length direction and is tightly combined with the central axis, the fiber bragg grating sensor is arranged at the fixed end of the cantilever beam, namely x is 0, the free end of the cantilever beam is connected with the thin film through a rigid force transmission rod, the thin film covers the open end of the sensor cavity, the fiber bragg grating sensor, the cantilever beam, the rigid force transmission rod and the thin film jointly form a connecting body, and then the fiber bragg grating sensor is connected with the fiber signal analysis processing equipment through optical fibers;
(3) fixing the fixed end of the cantilever beam of the coupling body on the sensor cavity, so that the coupling body and the sensor cavity jointly form the soil pressure sensor, placing the whole soil pressure sensor in a measured object, and recording the strain initial value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor;
(4) continuously measuring the strain value of the fiber Bragg grating sensor through the fiber signal analysis processing equipment, and calculating the local pressure of the measured object:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Bis the difference between the strain value of the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the strain initial value, E and EcThe elastic modulus of the film and the cantilever beam respectively, x is the distance between the Bragg fiber grating sensor and the fixed end on the cantilever beam, L is the length of the cantilever beam, and t is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beamcIs a stand forThickness of the cantilever beam, IcAnd the inertia moment of the cantilever beam, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the film, R is the diameter of the film, and t is the thickness of the film.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the Bragg fiber grating sensor is installed at a fixed end of the cantilever beam, i.e. x is 0, so that the junction forms a local pressure test component, the local pressure test component calculates the local pressure of the monitored part of the measured object according to the following formula,
4. the method for measuring soil pressure with variable range based on Bragg fiber grating as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the measuring range and sensitivity are set by adjusting the material parameters and the structural size of the cantilever beam and the membrane.
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| CN111855043B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-03-22 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Fiber grating soil pressure sensor |
| RU204013U1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева - КАИ" | FIBER OPTICAL PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE |
| RU204010U1 (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева - КАИ" | FIBER OPTICAL PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE |
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| CN104062363B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-08-17 | 山东大学 | A kind of double optical fiber grating sensor for Detection of Bolt Bonding Integrity detection |
| CN105136041B (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2017-09-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of local displacement measurement apparatus based on FBG sensor |
| CN208060051U (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-11-06 | 上海光栅信息技术有限公司 | A kind of fiber grating earth pressure sensor |
| CN108519175B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2020-05-19 | 湖北省路桥集团有限公司 | Variable-range soil pressure measuring method based on Bragg fiber grating |
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