Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides the low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper, the stress of the spring is amplified by utilizing the lever principle, the integral rigidity of the spring is further improved, the dynamic strokes of the spring and the damper are compressed, the design and the model selection of the spring and the damper are more facilitated, the height size of the whole TMD can be reduced, and the installation space is saved. This low frequency lever TMD can adopt compression spring to design into stacking type TMD, also can adopt extension spring to design into suspension type TMD, and the spring can arrange according to actual demand layering, and the design lectotype of spring is more nimble convenient. The mass block has adjustable quality, and can ensure more accurate design parameters of TMD.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low frequency lever tuned mass damper comprising:
the lever frame comprises a lever bracket and a lever cantilever, and the lever cantilever is movably connected with the lever bracket through a bearing;
the lever bracket and the bottom or the top of the fixing mechanism are fixedly connected with a steel box girder bottom plate through a steel box girder fixing bracket to form a fulcrum of the tuned mass damper;
a mass unit is arranged at one end, far away from the fixing mechanism, of the lever cantilever and is movably connected with the lever cantilever through a bearing, the mass unit and the lever cantilever form a power and power arm of a tuned mass damper, and a resistance arm are formed by the spring assembly, the damper and the part between the lever cantilever and the lever bracket; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the mass unit comprises a mass block, the mass of the mass block is adjustable, and the frequency of the lever-type tuned mass damper is adjusted to be consistent with the frequency of the main structure, so that when the main structure is vibrated by external force, an inertia force opposite to the vibration of the main structure is generated, and the amplitude of the main structure is reduced.
Furthermore, the fixing mechanism comprises an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate and a fixing plate;
the upper connecting plate is fixedly connected with the fixing plate;
and the lower connecting plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate of the steel box girder.
Further, the spring assembly comprises a spring and a guide post;
the guide posts are respectively arranged on the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate;
two ends of the spring are respectively sleeved on the corresponding guide posts.
Further, a sleeve is installed outside the spring and used for fixing the movement direction of the spring.
Further, the mass unit comprises a screw rod, and the mass blocks are fixedly connected through the screw rod.
Furthermore, the lever bracket comprises a lever cross beam and a lever longitudinal beam which is perpendicular to the lever cross beam.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper, the frequency of the TMD is adjusted by adjusting the number of the mass blocks, when the frequency of the TMD is consistent with the frequency of the main structure and the main structure vibrates under an external force, the TMD can generate an inertia force opposite to the vibration of the main structure on the main structure, so that the vibration amplitude of the main structure is reduced, the main structure is prevented from being damaged due to large-amplitude vibration, and the main structure is protected from being damaged.
2. The low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper is suitable for TMD with low frequency (less than 0.3HZ) and large stroke, amplifies the stress of the spring through the lever principle, further improves the integral rigidity of the spring, compresses the dynamic stroke of the spring and the damper, is more beneficial to the design and the model selection of the spring and the damper, can reduce the height size of the whole TMD, and saves the installation space.
3. The low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper can be designed into a stacked TMD by adopting a compression spring, can also be designed into a suspended TMD by adopting an extension spring, and can be arranged in layers according to actual requirements, so that the design and the type selection of the spring are more flexible and convenient. The mass block has adjustable quality, and can ensure more accurate design parameters of TMD.
4. According to the low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper, the guide posts are correspondingly arranged on the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 61 and the upper surface of the lower connecting plate, and the spring is sleeved on the outer circumferences of the guide posts, so that on one hand, a guide effect is achieved, the spring is forced to only vertically displace along the guide posts, meanwhile, the spring is limited to move with other degrees of freedom, and the precision of the damper is improved.
5. The low-frequency lever type tuned mass damper adopts a bearing design to enable the lever bracket and the lever cantilever to be in a movable state, so that the lever function is convenient to realize, the mass unit is arranged at one end of the lever, the spring is in a pressed state under the action of self gravity, when a bridge structure is disturbed by external force, the balance is broken, namely the mass unit does vertical movement under the action of the external force, the spring correspondingly extends or compresses, the vibration frequency is consistent with the frequency of a main structure, so that the disturbance of the external force is counteracted, and the function of protecting the main structure is achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a low frequency lever type tuned mass damper, which is installed inside a box girder, and includes a lever frame 1, a spring assembly 2, a mass unit 3, a damper 5, and a fixing mechanism 6. The lever frame 1 comprises a lever bracket 11 and a lever cantilever 12, wherein the lever bracket 11 is formed by welding steel plates, the lower end of the lever bracket is connected with a steel box girder fixing bracket 8 which is installed on a steel box girder bottom plate 9 in advance through bolts, and then the lever bracket is fixedly installed on the steel box girder bottom plate 9 and used as a fulcrum of the lever structure; the lever arm 12 is mounted on both sides of the lever bracket 11 through the bearing 4, and the lever arm 12 is suitably movable, for example, rotatable around the bearing 4, with the lever bracket 11 as a fulcrum. The fixing mechanism 6 comprises an upper connecting plate 61, a lower connecting plate 62 and a fixing plate 63, wherein the upper connecting plate 61 is installed above the middle supporting part of the lever cantilever 12, a spring assembly 2, a damper 5 and the lower connecting plate 62 are installed below the upper connecting plate 61, and the lower end of the damper 5 is installed on the lower connecting plate 62; the spring assembly 2 comprises a spring 21 and a guide post 22, the guide post 22 is correspondingly installed on the lower surface of the upper connecting plate 61 and the upper surface of the lower connecting plate 62, the spring 21 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the guide post 22, on one hand, the guide post has a guide function, the spring 21 is forced to only vertically displace along the guide post 22, and meanwhile, the movement of other degrees of freedom of the spring 21 is limited, and a sleeve is installed outside the spring 21 and used for fixing the movement direction of the spring so as to be convenient for returning; the upper connecting plate 61 is also fixedly connected with the fixing plate 63, and the fixing plate 63 is connected with the lever cantilever 12 through a bearing, so that the vertical movement of the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2, the damper 5 and the lower connecting plate 62 can be maintained; the lower connecting plate 62 is connected with the steel box girder fixing bracket 8 through bolts and further mounted on the steel box girder bottom plate 9; the mass unit 3 is installed at the end of the lever cantilever 12 and serves as a power structure of the lever structure of the present invention, and the mass unit 3 is formed by connecting n steel plates with fixed mass through a screw 32, has adjustable mass and is used for controlling the frequency of TMD. When the main structure vibrates by external force, the TMD can generate an inertia force opposite to the main structure vibration on the main structure, so that the vibration amplitude of the main structure is reduced, the main structure is prevented from being damaged due to large-amplitude vibration, and the main structure is protected from being damaged.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the lever bracket 11 is composed of a top beam 111 and a side bracket 112, and forms an upright door-like structure, which serves as a fulcrum portion of the TMD and mainly plays a supporting role. The lever arm 12 is connected to the lever bracket 1 via a bearing 4 to form a frame structure. The lever cantilever 12 is preferably two on the left and right, simultaneously, the bearing 4 is preferably 4, adopts the bearing design to make lever support 11 with be in movable state between the lever cantilever 12, be convenient for realize the lever function, and the mass unit is located the one end of lever, and it is through self action of gravity for spring 21 is in the pressurized state, receives external force disturbance when the bridge construction, breaks this kind of balance, and mass unit 3 receives the external force effect to do vertical motion, and spring 21 corresponds extension or compression, and the vibration frequency is unanimous with the main structure frequency, thereby offsets external force disturbance, plays the effect of protection main structure.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the spring assembly 2 preferably includes 6 springs 21 and 6 pairs of corresponding guide posts, and the partition plates may be additionally disposed in the middle for layering according to actual requirements such as stiffness and displacement, so that the design and selection of the springs are more flexible and convenient. The spring assembly 2 is connected to the upper connecting plate 61 at its upper end and to the lower connecting plate 62 at its lower end, and this arrangement may facilitate maintaining the vertical stiffness of the TMD.
Further, the dampers 5 are fixedly installed below the upper connecting plate 61 and above the lower connecting plate 62, and preferably 2 dampers 5 are fixedly installed in the middle of the spring assembly 2, so that the motion trail of the dampers and the motion trail of the TMD main structure are consistent and convenient to control. The damper belongs to the prior art, and is a device for slowing down mechanical vibration and consuming kinetic energy by utilizing damping characteristics, and the types of the damper are various, and mainly include a liquid damper, a gas damper and an electromagnetic damper.
Further, the fixing plate 63 is connected with the lever cantilever 12 through the bearing 4, the length of the fixing plate 63 is smaller than the height of the lever bracket 11, and the requirement of basic lever movement can be met. The fixing plates 63 are installed below both ends of the upper connecting plate 61 so that the entire structure of the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2, the damper 5 and the lower connecting plate 62 can vertically move.
Optionally, according to different required installation forms, the upper connecting plate 61 is connected with the fixing plate 63, and meanwhile, the lower connecting plate 62 is fixedly connected with the steel box girder fixing bracket 8 and is further fixedly installed on the steel box girder bottom plate, and due to the self-gravity action of the lever cantilever 12, the upper connecting plate 61, the fixing plate 63 and the mass unit 3, the whole structure formed by the lever cantilever 12, the upper connecting plate 61, the fixing plate 63, the mass unit 3, the spring assembly 2 and the damper 5 is stacked on the lower connecting plate 62 and the steel box girder bottom plate 9, so as to form a stacked TMD; the upper connecting plate 61 can be fixedly connected with the top of the steel box girder, meanwhile, the lower connecting plate 62 is fixedly connected with the fixing plate 63, the lower end of the integral structure formed by the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2 and the damper 5 is fixed on the lower connecting plate 61 due to the self-gravity action of the spring assembly 2, the damper 5 and the lower connecting plate 62, and the whole TMD is in a suspended state due to the natural characteristic of the spring assembly, so that a suspended TMD is formed; the stacked TMDs generally employ compression springs to accomplish the damping process, and the suspended TMDs generally employ extension springs to accomplish the damping process. The invention is different from the conventional TMD design, the spring assembly and the mass block are separately installed to respectively form different component units of the lever, the movement tracks of the spring assembly and the mass block are separated or even opposite, the visible installation modes are various, and the high flexibility is realized;
further, two sides of the mass unit 3 are connected with the lever cantilever 12 through bearings 4, so that the mass unit 3 keeps vertical movement; the mass unit 3, the lever bracket 11 and the lever cantilever 12 form a closed frame, an integral structure formed by the upper connecting plate 61, the lower connecting plate 62, the spring assembly 2 and the damper 5 installed therebetween is enclosed inside, and a dynamic range of a vibration damping structure formed by the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2, the damper 5 and the lower connecting plate 62 can be limited within a certain range, so that the height dimension of the whole TMD is reduced, and the installation space is saved.
Further, the mass unit 3 comprises a mass block 31 composed of n steel plates and a screw 32 which is arranged inside the mass block 31 and is used for fixedly connecting the mass block 31 with each other; the quality of the steel plate is easy to measure, the screw rod is convenient to adjust, so that the design parameters of the TMD can be more accurate, and the weight of the quality unit 3 can be easily and conveniently increased or reduced by adjusting the screw rod and the nut between the steel plates, so that the frequency adjustment of the TMD is simply and conveniently realized; the TMD frequency is consistent with the main structure frequency by adjusting the mass unit 3, and when the main structure is vibrated by external force, the TMD generates opposite inertia force to act on the main structure, so that on one hand, the amplitude of the TMD can be effectively controlled, and the instability of control caused by collision and stroke overrun in the movement process of the TMD is reduced, thereby improving the performance of the TMD in the control of low-frequency vertical vibration and avoiding the problem of performance degradation caused by larger static deformation of a spring;
as shown in fig. 5, the specific working principle of the low-frequency lever-type tuned mass damper according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the lever bracket 11 is used as a fulcrum by adopting a lever principle; the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2, the lower connecting plate 62 and the damper 5 form an integral structure as a resistance structure; the mass unit 3 is used as a power structure; in a natural state, the mass unit 3 has a natural downward gravity action under the action of the gravity of the mass unit, and meanwhile, the lever can provide a supporting force for resisting the gravity action of the mass unit, so that the balance of the lever is maintained; when the controlled structure vibrates, the mass unit 3 is caused to perform vertical linear motion, and at this time, the motion of the mass unit 3 is transmitted to a resistance structure formed by the upper connecting plate 61, the spring assembly 2 and the damper 5 through the lever cantilever 12, so that a motion mode opposite to the direction of the mass unit 3 is generated, and the vibration damping process is further completed.
Input parameters were designed according to conventional TMD: the natural vibration frequency f is 0.2HZ, the mass m is 2t, the stroke is +/-500 mm, and the damping ratio is 0.1. At this time, the total spring stiffness k is m · ω2=m·(2πf)2When the concentration is 3.22N/mm, the following can be found: the spring static compression displacement s is 20000/3.22 is 6211mm, the spring compression displacement reaches 6.2m due to the small spring stiffness, and the length of the spring is very long and the stability is poor considering the dynamic stroke of the spring +/-500 mm and the ultimate compression height of the spring. Under the same condition, even the design length of the viscous damper can reach more than 2.5m, so the installation space is limited, and the conventional design is difficult to meet the TMD parameter. In summary, in order to increase the total stiffness of the spring and reduce the dynamic stroke of the spring and the damper, consider the following lever type TMD, whose working principle is shown in fig. 5-6:
as shown in FIG. 6, the mass block is used as a research object, and if the damping during the motion process is neglected and the mass of the lever and the spring is neglected, the mass block bears the self gravity mg during the motion process, and the inertia force is formed
And the lever generates a support reaction force F to the lever, so that the dynamic balance equation of the mass block is as follows:
according to the lever principle:
F·L=k·x1·L1 (2)
substituting equation (1) can result in:
taking n as L/L
1For a lever amplification factor, equation (4) can be written as
It can be seen that with the lever type TMD, if the structural frequency f and mass m are not changed, the spring stiffness should be amplified by a factor of n 2. The stroke of the spring and the damper can be shortened to 1/n times of the stroke of the mass block.
The conventional low-frequency TMD has the defects of long natural vibration period, small spring stiffness, large vertical load and difficult design and type selection of the spring. The low-rigidity spring is difficult to process and install due to the fact that the low-rigidity spring is long, static load compression displacement is too large, dynamic stroke is large and the like, the lever principle is adopted, according to the analysis, if structural frequency f and mass m are not changed, the rigidity of the spring is amplified by n2 times, the stroke of the spring and the damper can be shortened to 1/n times of the stroke of the mass block, the design can enable the spring not to deform easily under the same stress condition, performance degradation caused by over-stretching is avoided, the overall rigidity of the spring 21 is improved, meanwhile, the stroke of the spring and the damper is shortened, compared with the conventional design, the height size of the whole TMD can be reduced, and installation space is saved. In addition, the frequency of the TMD is consistent with that of the main structure by adjusting the mass block, when the main structure is vibrated by external force, the TMD generates opposite inertia force to act on the main structure, so that on one hand, the amplitude of the TMD can be effectively controlled, the vibration amplitude is reduced, further, the control instability caused by collision and stroke overrun in the movement process of the TMD is reduced, the stroke damage of the TMD is avoided, the control stability of the TMD is ensured, and the main structure is protected from being damaged. Finally, the fixing plate 63 is selectively fixed with the upper connecting plate 61 or the lower connecting plate 62, so that the free selection of the stacked TMD and the suspended TMD is realized, and the mounting mode is diversified; the mass block 31 is composed of n steel plates, the steel plates are fixedly connected through a screw 32, the mass is clear and convenient to adjust, and thus the design parameters of the TMD are more accurate. The invention has the characteristics of reasonable and compact structure, convenient processing, stable performance, excellent damping effect and the like, overcomes the defects of the existing TMD, and improves the damping effect.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.