CN111807874A - Ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile comprises an anti-deformation glaze layer, a ceramic body layer and a surface glaze layer, wherein the anti-deformation glaze layer is positioned on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic body layer, and the surface glaze layer is positioned on the upper surface of the ceramic body layer; the deformation-resistant glaze layer is formed by firing deformation-resistant glaze, the ceramic body layer is formed by firing ceramic green bricks, the difference between the melting temperature of the deformation-resistant glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the deformation-resistant glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3; the raw materials of the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprise potassium feldspar and quartz. According to the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, the anti-deformation glaze is distributed on the tile body, so that the color tone of the side surface and/or the bottom surface of the finished glazed tile is consistent with the color tone of the top surface of the finished glazed tile, and meanwhile, the deformation degree of the glazed tile product is favorably stabilized. Further, the preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile is provided, and the anti-deformation glaze is prevented from falling off.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building ceramics, in particular to a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because the glazed tile production process is to sinter the body layer after glazing, because the glazed layer bears the decorative effect and usually uses better raw material production, manufacturers in order to reduce the cost, the body layer mostly selects cheap raw materials, because of the difference of the quality of the raw materials of the glazed layer and the body layer, the hue of the bottom and the face of the finished product of the body is different, commonly called as 'two layers of skins', especially the difference of whiteness and oxidation degree is obvious, so that the hue of the bottom surface of the finished product of the ceramic tile is different from the hue of the side surface and the top surface of the finished product of the ceramic tile.
At present, wide roller kilns are widely used in glazed tile production, all kilns have temperature difference, the temperature difference of the sections of the wide roller kilns is more obvious than that of the sections of common conventional kilns, and under the general condition, when the yield of the kilns is increased and the firing period is shortened, and the drawing force of a smoke exhaust fan is obviously increased, the temperature difference of the inner sections of the wide roller kilns can be directly increased. Because the section temperature difference exists in the wide roller kiln, the shrinkage of the green body at the high temperature side and the green body at the low temperature side in the wide roller kiln is inconsistent when the green bodies are fired.
Furthermore, geometric stripes are generally formed at the bottom of a green brick during press forming, the density of ribs of the geometric stripes of the green brick is inconsistent with that of the bottom of a grid, and the shrinkage of the ribs and the bottom of the grid is inconsistent during firing, so that when the temperature difference of the section of the wide-body kiln is large, the flatness of a green body discharged out of the kiln at the same time is directly influenced, a row of green bricks parallel to a kiln outlet are often subjected to large different shrinkages, the concave and convex deformations of left, middle and right products are inconsistent, the deformation degradation defect that an arch is formed and a concave shape is formed is generated, and the product quality is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, wherein anti-deformation glaze is distributed on the tile body, so that the color tone of the side surface and/or the bottom surface of a finished glazed tile product is consistent with the color tone of the top surface of the finished glazed tile product, and the stability of the deformation degree of the glazed tile product is facilitated.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, which is beneficial to preventing the anti-deformation glaze from falling off, ensuring the consistent hue of the finished ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile and reducing the deformation degree of the glazed tile, and has simple process and strong operability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile comprises an anti-deformation glaze layer, a ceramic body layer and a surface glaze layer, wherein the anti-deformation glaze layer is positioned on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic body layer, and the surface glaze layer is positioned on the upper surface of the ceramic body layer;
the anti-deformation glaze layer is formed by firing anti-deformation glaze, the ceramic green body layer is formed by firing ceramic green bricks, the difference between the melting temperature of the anti-deformation glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3;
the raw materials of the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprise potassium feldspar and quartz.
Preferably, the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 10-15 parts of limestone, 20-30 parts of quartz, 2-5 parts of zinc oxide, 8-12 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of zircon and 5-16 parts of fusion cakes.
Preferably, the content of Al2O3 in the potassium feldspar is 18-20% by mass, and the content of K2O in the potassium feldspar is 10-12% by mass.
Preferably, the zircon has a particle size of less than 5 μm.
Preferably, the water absorption rate of the deformation-resistant glaze layer is greater than that of the ceramic body layer.
Preferably, the difference value between the water absorption rate of the deformation-resistant glaze layer and the water absorption rate of the ceramic green brick is 2-5%.
A preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile comprises the following steps:
A. adding the raw material of the anti-deformation glaze into a ball mill according to the proportion to prepare the anti-deformation glaze;
B. adding the overglaze raw materials into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze;
C. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step B on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer;
D. b, applying the deformation-resistant glaze cloth in the step A to the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C to form a deformation-resistant glaze layer, wherein the bonding force of the deformation-resistant glaze is more than or equal to 0.1 MPa;
E. and D, drying and firing the ceramic tile blank in the step D to form the anti-deformation glazed tile.
Preferably, in the step A, the deformation-resistant glaze is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, the screen residue is 2-3%, and the ball yield of the deformation-resistant glaze is more than or equal to 1.88.
Preferably, step D further comprises the following steps:
d1, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the bottom surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C in a spraying or roll coating glazing mode to form a bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer;
d2, spreading the anti-deformation glaze in the step A on the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step D1 by using a brushing glazing mode to form a side surface anti-deformation glaze layer.
Preferably, step D1 is preceded by step D0:
d0, adjusting the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze in the step A, wherein the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for spraying is 1.35-1.40, the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for roller coating is 1.60-1.80, and the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for brush coating is 1.64-1.82.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, the anti-deformation glaze is distributed on the tile body, so that the color tone of the side surface and/or the bottom surface of the finished glazed tile is consistent with the color tone of the top surface of the finished glazed tile, and meanwhile, the deformation degree of the glazed tile product is favorably stabilized. The preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile is beneficial to preventing the anti-deformation glaze from falling off, ensures the consistent hue of the finished ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile product and reduces the deformation degree of the glazed tile, and has simple process and strong operability.
Drawings
The drawings are further illustrative of the invention and the content of the drawings does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the hierarchical structure of a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile according to the present invention.
Wherein: an anti-deformation glaze layer 1, a bottom anti-deformation glaze layer 11, a side anti-deformation glaze layer 12, a ceramic body layer 2 and a cover glaze layer 3.
Detailed Description
A ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile comprises an anti-deformation glaze layer 1, a ceramic body layer 2 and a surface glaze layer 3, wherein the anti-deformation glaze layer is positioned on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic body layer, and the surface glaze layer is positioned on the upper surface of the ceramic body layer;
the anti-deformation glaze layer is formed by firing anti-deformation glaze, the ceramic green body layer is formed by firing ceramic green bricks, the difference between the melting temperature of the anti-deformation glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3;
the raw materials of the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprise potassium feldspar and quartz.
In order to solve the problem that the color phases of the surface and the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the glazed tile are not consistent, the anti-deformation glaze layer 1 is distributed on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic body layer 2, and the luster transparency and the texture of the anti-deformation glaze layer 1 and the glaze layer 3 in the glazed tile are mutually supported by baking and naturally fused in the same glazed tile product.
Specifically, in the prior art, the melting temperature of the overglaze of the glazed tile is generally 50-130 ℃ lower than that of the blank body, so that the overglaze is covered on the surface of the blank body in a molten glass shape under the action of high temperature and is spread smoothly to form an overglaze layer. When firing, if the overglaze is applied to the bottom of the blank, the overglaze is likely to fall off from the bottom of the blank during firing due to the large difference between the melting temperatures of the overglaze and the blank. Therefore, in order to ensure that the anti-deformation glaze distributed at the bottom of the green body layer of the glazed tile is not easy to fall off in the firing process and prevent the green tile from deforming, the technical scheme limits the melting temperature and the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze, respectively, the difference between the melting temperature of the anti-deformation glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic green tile is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic green tile is less than or equal to 3. It should be noted that the melting temperature of the deformation-resistant glaze refers to the highest melting temperature of the deformation-resistant glaze, the melting temperature of the ceramic adobe refers to the highest temperature of the kiln when the ceramic brick is fired, and the expansion coefficient particularly refers to the expansion coefficient from room temperature to 400 ℃ or from room temperature to 600 ℃.
Furthermore, on the premise that the anti-deformation glaze needs to meet the melting temperature and the expansion coefficient, the technical scheme also selects and compounds raw materials of the anti-deformation glaze, is favorable for stabilizing the deformation degree of the glazed tile product, and simultaneously enables the visual properties of the product to be consistent with the surface glaze layer in whiteness, glossiness and the like, thereby achieving the effect that the color tone of the bottom surface is consistent with the color tone of the side surface and/or the top surface of the product.
Specifically, the technical scheme is that a layer of anti-deformation glaze is distributed on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the green body, namely an anti-deformation glaze garment is worn on the bottom of the green body, the anti-deformation glaze garment has higher refractoriness and wider tolerance range than the green body, the direct influence of large temperature difference of the wide roller kiln on the green brick is solved, and the deformation degree of the product is controlled. After the anti-deformation glaze is applied, the glazed tile can directly resist the temperature difference of the wide roller kiln, and the temperature difference of the wide roller kiln directly acts on the anti-deformation glaze, so that the influence on a green brick is eliminated. And secondly, the bottom of the brick blank lattice applied with the anti-deformation glaze is filled with the anti-deformation glaze, the bottom of the lattice is filled with the anti-deformation glaze with high density, the density difference between the bottom of the lattice and ribs is weakened, the shrinkage difference is reduced, and the product deformation degree is stabilized.
In the technical scheme, the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 for improving the deformation of the glazed tile comprises potassium feldspar and quartz.
The potassium feldspar widens the melting range of the anti-deformation glaze, increases the viscosity of the anti-deformation glaze melt, slowly reduces the melt viscosity of the anti-deformation glaze along with the increase of the temperature, is added to the anti-deformation glaze, is beneficial to widening the temperature tolerance of the anti-deformation glaze, and can inhibit and improve the condition of blank deformation caused by inconsistent shrinkage when a blank body at a high temperature side and a blank body at a low temperature side in a kiln are sintered due to large cross-section temperature difference in the kiln.
The quartz can improve the melting point of the anti-deformation glaze, widen the melting range of the anti-deformation glaze, and reduce the fluidity of the anti-deformation glaze during melting. The quartz and the potassium feldspar are not limited by the temperature, can be freely and completely fused to form silicate filled among crystal particles, and are favorable for improving the density of the deformation-resistant glaze and reducing the void ratio.
In other embodiments of this aspect, the ceramic glazed tile further comprises a ground coat layer and a decorative layer. The ground glaze layer is positioned between the ceramic body layer 2 and the surface glaze layer 3, and is beneficial to covering the body color of the ceramic body layer 2 and improving the bonding property between the ceramic body layer 2 and the surface glaze layer 3; the decorative layer is positioned on the upper surface of the overglaze layer 3 and plays a role of decoration.
It should be noted that the melting temperature and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic brick blank can be adjusted by using the existing ceramic brick blank raw materials, and the overglaze can be prepared by adopting the existing formula.
Further, the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 10-15 parts of limestone, 20-30 parts of quartz, 2-5 parts of zinc oxide, 8-12 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of zircon and 5-16 parts of fusion cakes.
The potash feldspar is a flux raw material, is beneficial to reducing the maturation temperature and the high-temperature viscosity of the deformation-resistant glaze, and simultaneously can reduce the chemical corrosion resistance of the deformation-resistant glaze, so that the expansion coefficient of the glaze is increased. When the using amount of the potassium feldspar is more than 30 parts, the fire degree of the ceramic brick anti-deformation glaze is higher, the potassium feldspar cannot play a role in slowly reducing the melt viscosity of the anti-deformation glaze along with the increase of the temperature, and the condition of inconsistent shrinkage caused by large temperature difference of the section of the kiln cannot be improved. When the using amount of the potash feldspar is less than 20 parts, the melt viscosity of the ceramic tile anti-deformation glaze is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the temperature, the adaptive temperature range of the ceramic tile anti-deformation glaze is narrow, the blank body caused by large temperature difference of the section of the kiln is aggravated to shrink, and the reduction of the deformation degree of the finished glazed tile is not facilitated.
When the quartz consumption is more than 30 parts, SiO in the anti-deformation glaze2The content is higher, so that the fired glaze layer has poorer density, large porosity and no effect of stabilizing the deformation degree of a product, and the bottom of a grid of a ceramic green brick cannot be well filled and compacted. When the quartz consumption is less than 20 parts, SiO in the anti-deformation glaze2The content is low, the glaze fire degree is low, the glaze melt viscosity is low, the adaptive temperature range of the ceramic brick anti-deformation glaze is narrow, the bottom of a brick blank lattice cannot be fully filled, and the effect of stabilizing the product deformation degree cannot be achieved.
The zinc oxide has a fluxing function, can improve the luster of the glaze and help the glaze to be opaque. When the content of zinc oxide in the anti-deformation glaze is too high, the glaze is more refractory, and the melt has high viscosity. The clay is an indispensable component in the glaze, and is added into the anti-deformation glaze, so that the suspension property and the adhesive force required by the glaze can be favorably met. The zircon has the characteristics of high refractive index, high melting point and high hardness, and is added into the anti-deformation glaze, so that the chemical stability of the glaze, particularly the acid resistance, can be improved, the bonding performance of the blank glaze can be obviously improved, and the hardness and the anti-cracking performance of the glaze can be improved. The frit is a flux-type raw material, and can widen the temperature range of the deformation-resistant glaze.
Preferably, the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass: 25 parts of potash feldspar, 13 parts of limestone, 25 parts of quartz, 3 parts of zinc oxide, 10 parts of clay, 12 parts of zircon and 12 parts of clinker.
Further, the Al of the potassium feldspar is calculated according to the mass percentage2O318 to 20% in terms of its content and K2The content of O is 10-12%.
The inventionIn the technical scheme, Al is selected2O318 to 20% and K2The potash feldspar with the O content of 10-12% is added into the anti-deformation glaze, so that the melting range of the potash feldspar can be widened better, and the condition that blanks on the high-temperature side and blanks on the low-temperature side in the kiln deform due to the fact that the section temperature difference is large in the kiln and shrinkage is inconsistent when the blanks on the high-temperature side and the blanks on the low-temperature side in the kiln are fired is further inhibited and improved.
More specifically, the zircon has a particle size of less than 5 μm.
According to the technical scheme, the particle size of the zircon is limited to be less than 5 microns, and the zircon is added into the deformation-resistant glaze, so that the bonding performance of the blank glaze can be obviously improved, and the glaze hardness and the anti-cracking performance of the ceramic deformation-resistant glazed tile are further improved.
More specifically, the water absorption of the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 is greater than that of the ceramic body layer 2.
Furthermore, the difference value between the water absorption of the deformation-resistant glaze layer and the water absorption of the ceramic green brick is 2-5%.
The sintering degree refers to the sintering temperature, which is the temperature at which the ceramic green body reaches the state of a solid aggregate with the minimum air holes, the maximum shrinkage, the most compact product and the most excellent performance after being sintered. The water absorption rate of the ceramic tile can be used for representing the sintering degree of the ceramic tile, and in order to enable the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 in the glazed tile and the ceramic body layer 2 to be further mutually baked and supported and naturally fused in the same product, the technical scheme further limits the sintering degree of the glazed tile, and is beneficial to improving the combination of the deformation-resistant glaze layer 1 in the glazed tile and the ceramic body layer 2.
The difference in water absorption refers to the difference in water absorption obtained by calcining the ceramic bricks in the firing temperature system of the kiln for producing the ceramic bricks.
A preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile comprises the following steps:
A. adding the raw material of the anti-deformation glaze into a ball mill according to the proportion to prepare the anti-deformation glaze;
B. adding the overglaze raw materials into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze;
C. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step B on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer 3;
D. b, applying the deformation-resistant glaze cloth in the step A to the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C to form a deformation-resistant glaze layer 1, wherein the bonding force of the deformation-resistant glaze is more than or equal to 0.1 MPa;
E. and D, drying and firing the ceramic tile blank in the step D to form the anti-deformation glazed tile.
Furthermore, the technical scheme also provides a preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, wherein the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.1MPa, so that the anti-deformation glaze is favorably prevented from falling off from the bottom or the side wall of a ceramic tile blank, the color phase consistency of the finished ceramic tile is ensured, the deformation degree of the finished ceramic tile is reduced, and the preparation method is simple in process and strong in operability.
The specific steps of step a may include any one of the following two types:
(1) a, adding the raw materials of the anti-deformation glaze into a ball mill according to a ratio, mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain the anti-deformation glaze;
wherein the addition ratio of the deformation-resistant glaze raw material to the grinding balls to the water is 1:2 (1-0.8) by mass. The addition amount of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 0.15-0.25 part by weight and the addition amount of the sodium tripolyphosphate is 0.2-0.35 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the deformation-resistant glaze raw material.
(2) A, weighing an anti-deformation glaze raw material according to a ratio to form a mixture, and then adding the mixture into a ball mill for dry ball milling; finally, mixing and stirring the mixture and the organic solvent according to the proportion to form the anti-deformation glaze; when the organic solvent is used for preparing the anti-deformation glaze, the organic solvent can provide better adhesion, and the anti-deformation glaze is prevented from falling off before the ceramic tile is fired in a kiln.
In one embodiment of the technical scheme, the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol, glycerol, polyether polyol, acrylic acid and acrylamide, and the addition ratio of the mixture, the ethylene glycol, the glycerol, the polyether polyol, the acrylic acid and the acrylamide is (7-30): (40-50): (20-30): (15-25): (5-10): (5-10).
It should be noted that the ceramic adobe and the overglaze can be made by the existing formula.
Further, in the step A, the deformation-resistant glaze is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, the screen residue is 2-3%, and the ball yield of the deformation-resistant glaze is more than or equal to 1.88.
When the fineness of the deformation-resistant glaze is finer, the suspension property and the fluidity of the deformation-resistant glaze are better, but if the fineness of the deformation-resistant glaze is too coarse, the glaze surface of the deformation-resistant glaze after firing is easy to be rough. Furthermore, the technical scheme limits the ball-out specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze to be more than or equal to 1.88, and facilitates on-site glaze adjustment.
More specifically, step D further includes the following steps:
d1, applying the anti-deformation glaze obtained in the step A to the bottom surface of the ceramic brick blank obtained in the step C in a spraying or roll coating glazing mode to form a bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer 11;
d2, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step D1 by a brushing glazing mode to form a side surface anti-deformation glaze layer 12.
The anti-deformation glaze layer positioned on the bottom surface is applied in a spraying or roller coating glazing mode, so that the anti-deformation glaze layer with a certain thickness is formed at the bottom of the blank layer, and the function of the anti-deformation glaze layer can be effectively realized.
The anti-deformation glaze layer on the side is applied in a brushing glazing mode, so that the thin-walled anti-deformation glaze layer is formed on the side of the body layer, the function of the anti-deformation glaze layer is realized, and the influence of the anti-deformation glaze layer on the side on the paving of the glazed tile is effectively avoided.
Further, in an embodiment of the present technical solution, the glazed tile axis application sequence is:
firstly, coating surface glaze on the upper surface of a porcelain tile blank;
then, spraying anti-deformation glaze on the bottom surface of the ceramic tile blank;
and finally, arranging brushing shafts on the two advancing sides of the ceramic tile body, brushing anti-deformation glaze, enabling the left side and the right side of the ceramic tile body to touch the brushing shafts in the advancing process to finish glazing, clamping the two side surfaces of the ceramic tile body without the brushing shafts, rotating the two side surfaces by 90 degrees, and feeding the ceramic tile body into a kiln after glazing of the front side surface and the rear side surface is finished.
It should be noted that, because the difference between the melting temperature of the anti-deformation glaze and the melting temperature of the porcelain tile blank 2 is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze and the expansion coefficient of the porcelain tile blank 2 is less than or equal to 3, the anti-deformation glaze cannot be separated from the bottom of the porcelain tile blank in the process of firing the glazed tile.
Further, since the deformation-resistant glaze in the technical scheme is in direct contact with the roller bar in the kiln, the deformation-resistant glaze is inevitably adhered to the roller bar, but only a small amount of deformation-resistant glaze is adhered to the roller bar, and since the deformation-resistant glaze in the technical scheme does not have a decoration function, the influence can be ignored.
Preferably, the technical scheme can also be used for distributing back primer on the bottom surface of the bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer 11, and the back primer is favorable for preventing the anti-deformation glaze positioned on the bottom surface from being stuck on a kiln roller.
Preferably, when the bottom surface of the green brick is glazed by using a roller-coating glazing mode to form a bottom surface deformation-resistant glaze layer 11, the glazing thickness is 0.6-1.8 mm; when the bottom surface of the green brick is glazed by a spraying glazing mode to form a bottom surface deformation-resistant glaze layer 11, the glazing thickness is 0.18-0.35 mm; when the side surface of the green brick is glazed by using a brushing glazing mode to form the side surface deformation-resistant glaze layer 12, the glazing thickness is 0.02-0.05 mm.
To be more specific, step D1 is preceded by step D0:
d0, adjusting the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze in the step A, wherein the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for spraying is 1.35-1.40, the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for roller coating is 1.60-1.80, and the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for brush coating is 1.64-1.82.
The proportion of the anti-deformation glaze is adjusted according to different glazing modes, so that the effectiveness of the anti-deformation glaze glazing is guaranteed, and the anti-deformation glaze can protect the adobes.
The spraying glazing is to spray glaze slurry into mist with compressed air and blow the mist onto green brick, so that the glaze is adhered to the green brick. The spraying glazing requires the glaze slip to have large water content and small concentration, so the specific gravity is between 1.35 and 1.40. The spraying specific gravity is more than 1.40, the spray gun is easy to block by the glaze slurry, the spraying specific gravity is less than 1.35, and the quantity of the glaze slurry sprayed to the green brick is too small and too thin.
The roller-coating glazing is that a cylindrical rubber roller is arranged above a glaze groove, the glaze groove is filled with anti-deformation glaze slurry, the glaze groove is relatively vertical to a glazing line, the glaze groove is arranged below the glazing line, when a brick blank moves forwards on the glazing line, the rubber roller on the glaze groove starts to rotate, and the anti-deformation glaze slurry adhered on the rubber roller is distributed at the bottom of the brick blank along with the rotation of the rubber roller and the forward movement of the brick blank.
When the anti-deformation glaze is coated on the rubber roller, the specific gravity is less than 1.60, the glaze slip concentration is low, the adhesion force of the glaze slip and the rubber roller is low, the glaze slip adhered on the rubber roller is less, the anti-deformation glaze coated on the green brick is less, the thickness is thinner, and the bottom of the green brick cannot be well filled. When the anti-deformation glaze is coated on the rubber roller, the specific gravity is more than 1.80, the glaze slip concentration is high, the adhesion force of the glaze slip and the rubber roller is high, the glaze slip is adhered on the rubber roller, the anti-deformation glaze coated on the green brick is high, the thickness is thicker, and the bottom glaze of the green brick is too much.
Because the glazing part is arranged on the side surface of the blank body, the glazing mode of brushing the side surface of the blank body is mostly manual glazing, and the specific gravity of the deformation-resistant glaze for brushing is limited to 1.64-1.82 in the technical scheme. When the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze is less than 1.64, the glaze slurry has large water content, the side surface water absorption area of the blank body is small, the surface drying rate after glazing is slow, and the glaze is not suitable for the subsequent working procedure operation; when the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze is more than 1.82, the concentration of the glaze slip is high, the continuous brushing operation of the side surface of the blank body is inconvenient, and the brushing of the glaze layer on the side surface is not uniform.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example group 1-a method for preparing a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile, comprising the following steps:
A. adding the deformation-resistant glaze raw materials in the proportion of the following table 1 into a ball mill, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain deformation-resistant glaze;
B. adding the overglaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze, wherein the overglaze is prepared from a conventional overglaze formula of the glazed tile;
C. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step B on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer;
d1, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the bottom surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C in a spraying glazing manner to form a bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer, wherein the glazing thickness of the bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer is 0.25 mm;
d2, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step D1 in a brushing and glazing manner to form a side surface anti-deformation glaze layer, wherein the glazing thickness of the side surface anti-deformation glaze layer is 0.03 mm;
wherein the ceramic brick body is prepared from a conventional ceramic brick body formula, the bonding force of the deformation-resistant glaze is 0.1MPa, the difference between the melting temperature of the deformation-resistant glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic brick body is 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the deformation-resistant glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic brick body is 3;
E. and D2, drying and firing the ceramic tile blank to form the glazed tile.
Table 1 example group 1 raw material composition of deformation resistant glaze
Preparing glazed tiles by adopting anti-deformation glazes with different raw material components in the upper table respectively, and carrying out whiteness test, glossiness test and flatness test on the obtained glazed tiles according to a detection method of national standard;
specifically, the glazed tile flatness refers to the surface flatness of the glazed tile, which includes two aspects, specifically the central curvature of the glazed tile and the edge curvature of the glazed tile. The central curvature of the glazed tile means a central curvature with respect to a diagonal line calculated from the working dimension, and the side curvature of the glazed tile means a side curvature with respect to the working dimension. Among the values of the central curvature and the lateral curvature of the glazed tile, positive represents a convex deformation and negative represents a concave deformation.
The results are shown in table 2:
table 2 results of performance tests of various glazed tiles in example group 1
The test result of the example group 1 shows that the whiteness of the anti-deformation glaze in different glazed tiles in the example group 1 is more than 50 degrees, and the anti-deformation glaze has certain glossiness, so that the whiteness and the glossiness of the anti-deformation glaze are similar to those of the conventional overglaze; in addition, the center curvature of different glazed tiles in the embodiment group 1 is less than 0.6mm, the edge curvature is-0.10 mm- +0.2mm, and the glazed tiles are prepared by using the deformation-resistant glaze in the technical scheme, so that the glazed tiles can obtain higher flatness.
Comparative example group 1-a method for preparing a ceramic glazed tile, comprising the steps of:
A. adding the deformation-resistant glaze raw materials in the proportion of the following table 3 into a ball mill, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain deformation-resistant glaze;
B. adding the overglaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze, wherein the overglaze is prepared from a conventional overglaze formula of the glazed tile;
C. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step B on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer;
d1, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the bottom surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C in a spraying glazing manner to form a bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer, wherein the glazing thickness of the bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer is 0.25 mm;
d2, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step D1 in a brushing and glazing manner to form a side surface anti-deformation glaze layer, wherein the glazing thickness of the side surface anti-deformation glaze layer is 0.03 mm;
wherein the ceramic brick body is prepared from a conventional ceramic brick body formula, the bonding force of the deformation-resistant glaze is 0.1MPa, the difference between the melting temperature of the deformation-resistant glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic brick body is 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the deformation-resistant glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic brick body is 3;
E. and D2, drying and firing the ceramic tile blank to form the glazed tile.
TABLE 3 raw material composition of anti-deformation glaze in comparative example group 1
The preparation method comprises the following steps of respectively preparing glazed tiles by adopting anti-deformation glazes with different raw material components in the above table, and carrying out whiteness test, glossiness test and flatness test on the obtained glazed tiles according to a detection method of national standard, wherein the results are shown in table 4:
table 4 results of performance test of various glazed tiles in comparative example group 1
It can be known from the performance test result of the comparative example group 1 that although the whiteness and the glossiness of the deformation-resistant glaze of different glazed tiles in the comparative example group 1 are similar to those of the conventional overglaze, the central bending degree and the edge bending degree are both greater than 0.7mm, and the effect of stabilizing the deformation degree of the product cannot be achieved.
Example group 2-preparation method of ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile
According to the same preparation method and conditions as in examples 1 to 4, only the kind of potassium feldspar added to the deformation-resistant glaze layer was changed as shown in the following examples:
example 2-1: al of potassium feldspar2O3Content is 18%, and K thereof2The O content is 10 percent;
example 2-2: al of potassium feldspar2O3Content is 19%, and K thereof2The O content is 11%;
examples 2 to 3: al of potassium feldspar2O3Content is 10%, and K thereof2The O content is 12 percent;
examples 2 to 4: al of potassium feldspar2O3Content is 20%, and K thereof2The O content is 5 percent;
the above potassium feldspar was used to prepare glazed tiles according to the preparation methods of examples 1 to 4, and the obtained glazed tiles were subjected to whiteness test, glossiness test and flatness test according to the detection methods of the national standards, and the results are shown in the following table:
table 5 results of performance tests on various glazed tiles in example group 2
As can be seen from the performance test results of examples 1-4 and examples 2-1 and 2-2, in the technical scheme of the invention, Al is selected2O318 to 20% and K2The potash feldspar with the O content of 10-12% is added into the anti-deformation glaze, so that the melting range of the potash feldspar can be widened better, and the condition that blanks on the high-temperature side and blanks on the low-temperature side in the kiln deform due to the fact that the section temperature difference is large in the kiln and shrinkage is inconsistent when the blanks on the high-temperature side and the blanks on the low-temperature side in the kiln are fired is further inhibited and improved.
As can be seen from the results of the performance tests of examples 1-4 and examples 2-3 and 2-4, it is clearly found that the white degree and the gloss degree of the glazed tile of examples 2-3 and 2-4 are poor, and the color of the top surface, the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the finished glazed tile is not consistent, and the flatness of the finished glazed tile is good.
Example group 3-preparation method of ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile
According to the same preparation method and conditions as in examples 1 to 4, only the adhesion of the deformation-resistant glaze was adjusted as shown in the following examples:
example 3-1: the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze is 0.01 MPa;
example 3-2: the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze is 0.05 MPa;
examples 3 to 3: the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze is 0.15 MPa;
examples 3 to 4: the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze is 0.2 MPa;
the above-mentioned anti-deformation glaze was used to prepare glazed tiles according to the preparation method of examples 1 to 4, and the obtained glazed tiles were subjected to whiteness test, glossiness test and flatness test according to the detection method of the national standard, and the results are shown in the following table:
table 6 results of performance test of various glazed tiles in example group 3
According to the performance test results of the embodiments 1 to 4 and the embodiments 3 to 1 and 3 to 2, it can be known that if the adhesion force of the deformation-resistant glaze in the technical scheme is small, the deformation-resistant glaze is easy to fall off from the bottom or the side wall of the ceramic brick blank, so that the color consistency of the ceramic brick finished product cannot be ensured, and the deformation-resistant effect cannot be achieved.
The performance test results of the examples 1 to 4 and the examples 3 to 3 and 3 to 4 show that the control of the bonding force of the anti-deformation glaze to be more than or equal to 0.1MPa is beneficial to preventing the anti-deformation glaze from falling off from the bottom of a ceramic brick blank, ensuring the color consistency of finished ceramic tiles, reducing the deformation degree of the finished glazed tiles, and has simple process and strong operability.
Comparative example 2-a method for preparing a glazed tile, comprising the steps of:
A. adding the overglaze raw material into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze, wherein the overglaze is prepared from a conventional overglaze formula of the glazed tile;
B. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step A on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer;
C. and D, drying and firing the ceramic brick blank body obtained in the step B to form the glazed brick.
The obtained glazed tile is subjected to flatness test according to a national standard detection method, and the results are shown in the following table 7:
table 7 comparison of the results of the performance tests of comparative example 2 with other examples
| Test results | Comparative example 2 | Examples 1 to 1 | Examples 1 to 2 | Examples 1 to 3 | Examples 1 to 4 |
| Center curvature | +1.20mm | +0.55mm | +0.41mm | +0.48mm | +0.38mm |
| Side curvature (mm) | +0.83mm | +0.2mm | -0.05mm | +0.15mm | -0.10mm |
The result of a comparison test between a general glazed tile and the glazed tile with the deformation-resistant glaze layer in the technical scheme shows that the deformation-resistant glaze in the technical scheme is consistent with the glaze layer in visual properties such as whiteness, glossiness and the like, so that the effect that the color tone of the bottom surface is consistent with the color tone of the side surface and/or the top surface of the bottom surface is achieved. In addition, the technical scheme also endows the deformation-resistant glaze with the deformation-resistant performance, so that the deformation-resistant glaze can meet the performance requirements of more customers, and the applicability of the deformation-resistant glaze is favorably improved.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an anti deformation glazed tile of pottery which characterized in that: the ceramic body glaze comprises an anti-deformation glaze layer, a ceramic body layer and a surface glaze layer, wherein the anti-deformation glaze layer is positioned on the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic body layer, and the surface glaze layer is positioned on the upper surface of the ceramic body layer;
the anti-deformation glaze layer is formed by firing anti-deformation glaze, the ceramic green body layer is formed by firing ceramic green bricks, the difference between the melting temperature of the anti-deformation glaze and the melting temperature of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3 ℃, and the difference between the expansion coefficient of the anti-deformation glaze and the expansion coefficient of the ceramic green bricks is less than or equal to 3;
the raw materials of the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprise potassium feldspar and quartz.
2. A ceramic, deformation-resistant glazed tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the deformation-resistant glaze layer comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of potash feldspar, 10-15 parts of limestone, 20-30 parts of quartz, 2-5 parts of zinc oxide, 8-12 parts of clay, 10-15 parts of zircon and 5-16 parts of fusion cakes.
3. A ceramic, deformation-resistant glazed tile as claimed in claim 2, wherein: al of the potassium feldspar according to mass percent2O318 to 20% in terms of its content and K2The content of O is 10-12%.
4. A ceramic, deformation-resistant glazed tile as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the particle size of the zircon is less than 5 mu m.
5. A ceramic, deformation-resistant glazed tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water absorption rate of the deformation-resistant glaze layer is greater than that of the ceramic body layer.
6. A ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile according to claim 5, wherein: the difference value between the water absorption of the deformation-resistant glaze layer and the water absorption of the ceramic green brick is 2-5%.
7. A preparation method of the ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. adding the raw material of the anti-deformation glaze into a ball mill according to the proportion to prepare the anti-deformation glaze;
B. adding the overglaze raw materials into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling to obtain overglaze;
C. b, applying the overglaze cloth in the step B on the upper surface of the ceramic brick blank to form an overglaze layer;
D. b, applying the deformation-resistant glaze cloth in the step A to the bottom surface and/or the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C to form a deformation-resistant glaze layer, wherein the bonding force of the deformation-resistant glaze is more than or equal to 0.1 MPa;
E. and D, drying and firing the ceramic tile blank in the step D to form the anti-deformation glazed tile.
8. The method for preparing a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step A, the anti-deformation glaze is sieved by a 325-mesh sieve, the screen residue is 2-3%, and the ball yield of the anti-deformation glaze is more than or equal to 1.88.
9. The method for preparing a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step D also comprises the following steps:
d1, applying the anti-deformation glaze in the step A to the bottom surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step C in a spraying or roll coating glazing mode to form a bottom surface anti-deformation glaze layer;
d2, spreading the anti-deformation glaze in the step A on the side surface of the ceramic brick blank in the step D1 by using a brushing glazing mode to form a side surface anti-deformation glaze layer.
10. The method for preparing a ceramic anti-deformation glazed tile according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step D1 is preceded by step D0:
d0, adjusting the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze in the step A, wherein the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for spraying is 1.35-1.40, the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for roller coating is 1.60-1.80, and the specific gravity of the anti-deformation glaze for brush coating is 1.64-1.82.
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