CN111806498A

CN111806498A - Thrust conversion mechanism, unlocking device, track-pitch-variable wheel pair and ground track-changing facility

Info

Publication number: CN111806498A
Application number: CN202010737175.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 公衍军; 魏家麒; 曹庆达; 李刚; 郑静; 赵谷蒙
Original assignee: CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-28
Filing date: 2020-07-28
Publication date: 2020-10-23
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-28
Also published as: CN111806498B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rail gauge changing of rail vehicles, and provides a thrust conversion mechanism, an unlocking device, a rail gauge changing wheel pair and a ground rail changing facility. The thrust conversion mechanism comprises a mounting seat, wherein the mounting seat is provided with a guide through hole extending along the horizontal direction, and a connecting end is formed at the position of the mounting seat below the guide through hole; one end of the pushing shaft is movably arranged in the guide through hole in a penetrating mode, and a sliding groove which extends vertically from the bottom surface of the pushing shaft is formed in one end, located outside the guide through hole, of the pushing shaft; the swinging body is arranged below the pushing shaft, the rotating end is rotatably connected with the connecting end in a vertical plane, and the pushing end is rotatably arranged in the sliding chute and can vertically slide along the sliding chute; when the swinging body is subjected to upward lifting force, the rotating end of the swinging body rotates around the connecting end to drive the pushing end to slide along the sliding groove and rotate towards the direction close to the mounting seat so as to apply axial thrust to the pushing shaft. The invention has simple track-changing operation and high track pitch-changing reliability.

Description

Thrust conversion mechanism, unlocking device, track-pitch-variable wheel pair and ground track-changing facility

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail gauge changing of rail vehicles, in particular to a thrust conversion mechanism for a rail gauge changing wheel set, an unlocking device for the rail gauge changing wheel set, the rail gauge changing wheel set and a ground rail changing facility.

Background

The transnational passenger and cargo transportation is rapidly increased in recent years, but the rail gauges of railways of different countries cause serious obstacles to transnational railway transportation. In order to solve the problem that the different track gauges of railways of different countries obstruct transnational railway transportation, a variable-gauge train is proposed, namely, when the train runs on railways of other countries, the track gauge of the railways of other countries is adapted by changing the distance between wheels on axles.

However, the conventional track-changing wheel set has a complex track-changing mechanism, complex track-changing operation and low reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides the thrust conversion mechanism for the track-distance-variable wheel pair, which is simple in track-changing operation and high in track-distance-variable reliability.

The invention further provides an unlocking device for the track-variable wheel pair.

The invention further provides a track-distance-variable wheel pair.

The invention also provides a ground track transfer facility.

According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a thrust conversion mechanism for a variable-gauge wheel set comprises: the mounting seat is used for being mounted at the axial outer end of a shaft box body of the track-variable wheel pair, the mounting seat is provided with a guide through hole extending along the horizontal direction, and a connecting end is formed at the position, below the guide through hole, of the mounting seat;

one end of the pushing shaft is movably arranged in the guide through hole in a penetrating mode, and a sliding groove which extends vertically from the bottom surface of the pushing shaft is formed in one end, located outside the guide through hole, of the pushing shaft;

the swinging body is arranged below the pushing shaft, the rotating end is rotatably connected with the connecting end in a vertical plane, and the pushing end is rotatably arranged in the sliding chute and can vertically slide along the sliding chute;

when the swinging body is subjected to upward lifting force, the rotating end of the swinging body rotates around the connecting end to drive the pushing end to slide along the sliding groove and rotate towards the direction close to the mounting seat so as to apply axial thrust to the pushing shaft.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mounting seat comprises a seat body and an end cover protruding outwards from the seat body to one side, the guide through hole is formed in the end cover, the end cover is symmetrically provided with the connecting ends at two sides below the guide through hole, and each connecting end is provided with a connecting hole extending horizontally and perpendicular to the central axis of the guide through hole;

the swinging body comprises a swinging body and swinging support bodies which are positioned on two opposite sides of the swinging body in the horizontal direction and extend towards the direction of the connecting end, the end part of each swinging support body is provided with the rotating end, and the rotating end is provided with a rotating hole which is coaxial with the connecting hole;

each connecting hole is rotatably connected with the corresponding rotating hole through a rotating shaft.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the swing body further includes a pushing support plate located above the swing body and extending upward along the swing body, and the pushing end is disposed at a top end of the pushing support plate;

the pushing end is a cylinder with an axis vertical to the central axis of the pushing shaft and extending horizontally, and the length of the cylinder is matched with the width of the sliding groove.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the length direction of the swinging body is parallel to the axial direction of the pushing shaft, the bottom of the swinging body is provided with a rolling wheel, and the axial direction of the rolling wheel is parallel to the length direction of the swinging body.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the sliding groove is communicated with the end part of the pushing shaft and penetrates along the vertical direction of the pushing shaft;

the pushing shaft is provided with a pair of opposite anti-falling stopping blocks at the opening side wall of the sliding groove.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the positioning device further comprises an elastic positioning mechanism, wherein the elastic positioning mechanism comprises a chassis and a pair of plate springs extending to the same side along the chassis;

the chassis is coaxially installed on the end cover, the pair of plate springs are respectively arranged on two sides of the horizontal direction of the pushing shaft, each free end of each plate spring is connected with the end portion of the sliding groove through a swinging rod, one end of each swinging rod is rotatably connected with the corresponding plate spring, and the other end of each swinging rod is rotatably connected with the end portion of the corresponding pushing shaft.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the length direction of the plate spring is parallel to the axial direction of the pushing shaft, and the plate surface of the plate spring is vertically arranged;

the free end of leaf spring is buckled there is the coupling hook, the pendulum rod is for having the open-ended ring body, the ring body deviates from open-ended one end card is established in the coupling hook, with coupling hook rotatable coupling, the ring body is located the opening part forms a pair of relative card post, the tip that the top pushes away the axle and is equipped with the spout is in a pair of lateral walls of spout is equipped with respectively and link up the connecting hole of lateral wall, every a pair of card post card of ring body is established at every the upper and lower both ends of connecting hole, with connecting hole rotatable coupling.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a first groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the pushing shaft, a retainer ring is arranged in the first groove, and the retainer ring is used for being matched with the inner side surface of the end cover so as to limit the position of the pushing shaft;

at least one second groove is further formed in the circumferential direction of the pushing shaft, the second groove is located between the first groove and one end, provided with the sliding groove, of the pushing shaft, and a sealing ring is mounted in the second groove.

According to a second aspect embodiment of the invention, the unlocking device for the track-variable wheel pair comprises:

the variable-track-pitch wheel pair thrust conversion mechanism is used;

and the thrust rod is arranged opposite to the pushing shaft in a clearance manner and is pushed by the pushing shaft to move for unlocking.

A track-variable wheel pair according to an embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention includes an axle, a pair of wheels mounted on the axle, and a pair of axle housings mounted on the axle and located outside the wheels, and further includes:

the mounting seat is arranged at the axial outer end of the axle box body close to the side of the thrust rod;

the vehicle axle is provided with a central through hole along the axial direction, the thrust rod penetrates through the central through hole, one end, located in the central through hole, of the thrust rod is connected with the linkage mechanism, and thrust is applied to the thrust rod through the pushing shaft, so that the thrust rod drives the linkage mechanism to unlock the wheels.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the pair of gauge-changing wheels further comprises: the wheel mounting seats are arranged on the peripheries of first ends of the shaft sleeves, a section of external spline extending along the axial direction of the shaft sleeves is formed on the peripheries of second ends of the shaft sleeves, a section of first non-self-locking threads are formed on the inner peripheries of the second ends of the shaft sleeves, the rotating directions of the first non-self-locking threads are opposite, and a pair of wheels are fastened on the wheel mounting seats of the shaft sleeves;

two sections of second non-self-locking threads forming a non-self-locking thread pair with the first non-self-locking threads are arranged on the axle at intervals; the wheels are installed on the axle through the shaft sleeves, and the first non-self-locking threads are connected with the second non-self-locking threads in a matched mode.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the outer periphery of the axle near the middle part is configured with a section of external splines extending along the axial direction of the axle, the axle is provided with an oblong hole penetrating along the radial direction of the axle at the position of the external splines of the axle, and the length direction of the oblong hole is along the axial direction of the axle;

the axle is configured with at least one first raceway disposed circumferentially around the axle at a location between one of the second non-self-locking threads and the external spline of the axle;

the track-variable wheel pair further comprises an outer sleeve, the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the axle, the inner periphery of the outer sleeve is constructed with a second rolling path corresponding to the first rolling path, the second rolling path is provided with a rolling element mounting hole, the first rolling path and the second rolling path are combined to form a rolling space, and the rolling element mounting hole is used for mounting a rolling element matched with the rolling element in the rolling space so as to connect the outer sleeve rotatably outside the axle, the outer sleeve is internally located on two axial sides of the second rolling path and a distance, and the second rolling path is set for spacing and is respectively provided with an inner spline matched with an outer spline on the axle sleeve.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the linkage mechanism comprises a locking slip ring, a thrust pin and a locking elastic piece;

the locking slip ring is slidably sleeved at an external spline of the axle, an internal spline matched with the external spline of the axle is arranged in the locking slip ring, an external spline matched with the internal spline of the outer sleeve is arranged outside the locking slip ring, a pair of opening grooves are formed in the inner wall of the locking slip ring along the radial direction, openings of the opening grooves are communicated with one end of the locking slip ring, the thrust pin penetrates through the long round hole, two ends of the thrust pin are exposed out of the long round hole, two ends of the thrust pin, which are exposed out of the long round hole, are embedded in the pair of opening grooves through openings of the opening grooves, the locking elastic piece is sleeved on the axle, one end of the locking elastic piece abuts against the outer wall of the first roller path, the other end of the locking elastic piece abuts against the end part, far away from the opening grooves, of the locking slip ring is in a natural state, at least part of the external splines outside the locking slip ring is positioned in the internal splines on the corresponding side of the outer sleeve so as to lock the rotation of the outer sleeve;

one end of the thrust rod penetrates through the central through hole of the axle and abuts against one side of the thrust pin, which is located on the opening groove, and the other end of the thrust rod is opposite to the pushing shaft.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a stop sleeve is fixed at the end part of the axle and is coaxially arranged with the central through hole, the stop sleeve partially extends into the central through hole, the inner diameter of the stop sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the pushing shaft, and the pushing shaft enters the central through hole from the stop sleeve and pushes the thrust rod;

the positioning section is constructed at one end, opposite to the pushing shaft, of the thrust rod, the diameter of the positioning section is smaller than that of the thrust rod, so that a positioning step surface is formed at the joint of the positioning section and the thrust rod, and the positioning step surface is attached to the end part of the stop sleeve to limit the position of the thrust rod.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the length of the first non self-locking thread is greater than the length of the second non self-locking thread and equal to half of the variable gauge;

an annular boss is arranged at the position, where the second rolling way is formed, of the inner periphery of the outer sleeve, and after the outer sleeve is connected with the axle, a pair of installation spaces of the shaft sleeve is formed between the outer sleeve and the axle at two axial sides of the rolling space; the locking elastic piece is a locking spring.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the ground track-changing facility is configured to apply a track-changing external force to the track-changing wheel set, the ground track-changing facility is provided with a driving rail, a length direction of the driving rail is arranged along a running direction of the track-changing wheel set, and an upper surface of the driving rail is provided with a section of ascending unlocking inclined surface and a section of descending inclined surface in transitional connection with the unlocking inclined surface.

One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

the thrust conversion mechanism comprises a mounting seat and a pushing shaft horizontally penetrating through the mounting seat, the mounting seat is fixedly mounted outside an axle box body, the pushing shaft is opposite to a thrust rod, and when a driving rail top surface of a ground rail-changing facility applies upward lifting force to a swinging body, the driving rail top surface is converted into axial thrust to the pushing shaft, so that the pushing shaft pushes the thrust rod to move to unlock wheels, the rail-changing operation is simple, and the reliability of rail-changing is high.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a shaft sleeve in a track-variable wheel set according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a shaft sleeve of a track-variable wheel set according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an axle of a track-changing wheel pair according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic axial sectional view of a track-variable wheel set according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of the thrust conversion mechanism illustrated in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a variable gauge wheel set according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the thrust conversion mechanism in fig. 7.

Reference numerals:

10. an axle; 11. an outer spline of the axle; 12. a long round hole; 13. a first raceway; 14. a second non self-locking thread; 15. a central through hole; 20. a shaft sleeve; 21. a first non self-locking thread; 22. an external spline of the shaft sleeve; 23. a sliding bearing mounting groove; 24. a wheel mount; 25. a sliding bearing gland mounting groove; 30. a wheel; 40. an outer sleeve; 41. a second raceway; 42. a rolling body; 50. a shaft box body; 60. locking the slip ring; 70. a locking spring; 80. a thrust pin; 90. a thrust rod; 90-1, a positioning section; 100. a thrust conversion mechanism; 101. a mounting seat; 101-1, a base; 101-2, end cover; 101-3, a connecting end; 102. pushing the shaft; 102-1, a chute; 103. a swinging body; 103-1, a swinging body; 103-2, a swing support; 103-21, a rotating end; 103-3, a pushing support plate; 103-31, a pushing end; 103-4, rolling wheels; 104. a chassis; 105. a plate spring; 106. a swing rod; 107. a stop sleeve; 108. a retainer ring; 109. a seal ring; 110. a sliding bearing; 120. a gear case; 130. a brake disk.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides a thrust conversion mechanism for a track-variable wheel set, an unlocking device, and a track-variable wheel set.

For clarity of the description of the present invention, the present embodiment describes the variable-pitch wheel pair thrust conversion mechanism, the unlocking device, and the variable-pitch wheel pair in combination.

The track-variable wheel pair comprises an unlocking device for the track-variable wheel pair, a shaft sleeve 20, an outer sleeve 40, an axle 10 and a pair of wheels 30.

The periphery of the first end of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with a wheel mounting seat 24, the width of the wheel mounting seat 24 is consistent with the width of a hub of a wheel 30, the wheel 30 is tightly mounted on the wheel mounting seat 24, and the wheel 30 can be in interference fit with the wheel mounting seat 24, so that the connection reliability of the wheel 30 and the wheel mounting seat is ensured.

The second end of the sleeve 20 is configured with a length of first non self-locking threads 21 on the inner circumference. The first non-self-locking threads 21 of the pair of shaft sleeves 20 are opposite in rotation direction, the pair of wheels 30 are fastened on the wheel mounting seats 24 of the pair of shaft sleeves 20, and two sections of second non-self-locking threads 14 which form a non-self-locking thread pair with the first non-self-locking threads 21 are arranged on the axle 10 at intervals; the wheel 30 is mounted on the axle 10 through the shaft sleeve 20, and the first non-self-locking thread 21 is connected with the second non-self-locking thread 14 in a matching mode. After the wheels 30 are unloaded, when the pair of wheels 30 are pushed inwards or outwards at the same time, because the turning directions of the pair of non-self-locking thread pairs are opposite, when the pair of wheels 30 rotate in the same direction, the two wheels 30 can approach or separate from each other until the wheels move to the set track distance changing position, and track distance changing is completed. Through setting up installation axle sleeve 20, make things convenient for wheel 30 to slide along axletree 10 axial and realize becoming the gauge, and make axletree 10 and wheel 30 connection structure simple, become the gauge reliability high. The sleeve 20 is engaged with the second non-self-locking thread 14 of the axle 10 by the first non-self-locking thread 21 for transmitting a portion of the torque and causing relative rotation and lateral movement between the sleeve 20 and the axle 10 in the unlocked state.

Specifically, the length of the first non-self-locking thread 21 is greater than the length of the second non-self-locking thread 14 by a length equal to one half of the gauge change, so that the two wheels 30 can move by one half of the gauge change during rotation of the axle 10 following the respective bushings 20, so that the sum of the distances traveled by the two wheels 30 is equal to the required gauge change distance.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a sliding bearing mounting groove 23 extends from a first end to a second end of the sleeve 20 on the inner circumference of the sleeve 20, the sliding bearing mounting groove 23 is used for mounting the sliding bearing 110 therein, the sliding bearing mounting groove 23 extends to a position close to the first non-self-locking thread 21, the length of the sliding bearing mounting groove 23 is the length of the sliding bearing 110, and the sleeve 20 is smoothly and smoothly slid along the axle 10 by the sliding bearing 110, and the sleeve 20 is protected.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the inner circumference of the sleeve 20 is provided with a packing installation groove for installing a packing to seal the end of the sliding bearing 110 at a portion between the sliding bearing installation groove 23 and the first non-self-locking thread 21.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first end portion of the sleeve 20 is provided with a sliding bearing cap mounting groove 25, the sliding bearing cap mounting groove 25 is used for mounting a sliding bearing cap, and a plurality of screw holes are circumferentially spaced at intervals in the bottom surface of the sliding bearing cap mounting groove 25 so that the sliding bearing cap is fixed in the sliding bearing cap mounting groove 25 by a fastener, the sliding bearing 110 is fixed by the sliding bearing cap, and in addition, a seal ring mounting groove is opened in the inner circumference of the sliding bearing cap for mounting a seal ring, thereby forming a seal structure at both ends of the sliding bearing 110 to prevent grease from entering the joint surface of the sliding bearing 110 and the axle 10.

For structural optimization, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the shaft sleeve 20 is in three steps with diameters decreasing from the first end to the second end, the diameter of the wheel mounting seat 24 is the largest, the strength is the highest, and the joints of the steps at each step are transitionally connected through an arc surface, so as to avoid stress concentration at the joints between the steps.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 8, the axle 10 is provided with a central through hole 15 arranged along the axial direction, the outer periphery of the axle 10 near the middle portion is configured with a section of external spline extending along the axial direction of the axle 10, the outer periphery of the axle 10 at both axial sides of the external spline 11 of the axle is respectively provided with a section of second non-self-locking thread 14 with opposite turning directions, that is, the axle 10 is further provided with two sections of second non-self-locking threads 14 with opposite turning directions, the two sections of second non-self-locking threads 14 are respectively arranged at both axial sides of the external spline, certainly, a space is reserved between each section of the second non-self-locking thread 14 and the outer spline 11 of the axle, the axle 10 is provided with an oblong hole 12 which penetrates through the axle in the radial direction at the position of the outer spline 11 of the axle, that is, the oblong hole 12 and the outer spline are arranged in a superposition mode, and the length direction of the oblong hole 12 is along the axial direction of the axle 10, that is, the length direction of the oblong hole 12 is consistent with the extending direction of the outer spline 11 of the axle.

Furthermore, the axle 10 is provided with the central through hole 15, which contributes to weight reduction of the axle 10.

Further, the axle 10 is configured with at least one first raceway 13 disposed circumferentially around the axle 10 at a location between one of the second non-self-locking threads 14 and the axle's external spline 11, the first raceway 13 being disposed adjacent the axle's external spline 11.

In this embodiment, the cross section of the first raceway 13 is concave and semicircular.

The outer sleeve 40 is sleeved outside the axle 10, the inner periphery of the outer sleeve 40 is provided with a second rolling way 41 corresponding to the first rolling way 13, and the size and the shape of the second rolling way 41 are consistent with those of the first rolling way 13; the second roller path 41 is provided with a roller body mounting hole, the first roller path 13 and the second roller path 41 are matched to form a rolling space, the rolling space is in a ring shape, the roller body 42 is arranged in the rolling space through the roller body mounting hole, the outer diameter of the roller body 42 is matched with the inner diameter of the rolling space, the roller body 42 can be a ball which fills the rolling space, and a sealing plug is arranged at the roller body mounting hole to prevent impurities such as dust from entering the rolling space; by connecting the outer sleeve 40 with the axle 10 via the rolling bodies 42, the outer sleeve 40 is rotatably connected outside the axle 10, in other words, such that the outer sleeve 40 has a degree of freedom of rotation, but the degree of freedom of movement of the outer sleeve 40 is limited, that is, such that the outer sleeve 40 can rotate but cannot move relative to the axle 10.

The second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with a section of external splines extending along the axial direction of the shaft sleeve, and the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is positioned at the inner side of the wheel 30 and faces the outer sleeve 40 after being installed; the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is located on two axial sides of the second rolling way 41 and is provided with internal splines matched with the external splines on the shaft sleeve 20 at a set distance from the second rolling way 41, and the shaft sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 are matched and connected with the external splines 22 of the shaft sleeve through the internal splines of the outer sleeve 40, so that the shaft sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 can rotate together, or the shaft sleeve 20 can move axially relative to the outer sleeve 40. The present embodiment achieves torque transmission between the wheel 30 and the outer sleeve 40 and lateral slippage between the wheel 30 and the axle 10 by providing the sleeve 20. The shaft sleeve 20 has a simple and reliable structure, and can realize the conversion among various different track gauges.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the axle 10 forms an annular flange at the portion where the first raceway 13 is configured, the outer diameter of the annular flange being larger than the outer diameter of the remaining portion of the axle 10 to form stopper end surfaces at both axial ends of the annular flange.

Specifically, axle housings 50 are respectively mounted to both ends of the axle 10 outside the pair of wheels 30.

The unlocking device of the present embodiment includes a thrust conversion mechanism 100 and a thrust rod 90, the thrust rod 90 is inserted into the central through hole 15 of the axle 10 and is held substantially flush with the outer end of the axle 10 by a stopper sleeve 107 mentioned later, the thrust conversion mechanism 100 is capable of applying thrust to the thrust rod 90 by means of external force at the time of rail transfer, and the thrust conversion mechanism 100 is installed at one end of the axle 10 located at the thrust rod 90, that is, the thrust conversion mechanism 100 only needs to be installed at one end of the axle 10.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 to 8, the thrust conversion mechanism 100 includes a mount 101, a thrust shaft 102, and a swinging body 103.

Specifically, the mounting seat 101 is configured to be mounted at an axially outer end of the axle box 50 of the track-variable wheel pair, that is, the mounting seat 101 is vertically disposed when being mounted, and for convenience of description, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" described below in conjunction with the mounting seat 101 are used as references when the mounting seat 101 is in a mounted state.

The mounting base 101 is provided with a guide through hole extending in the horizontal direction, and the mounting base 101 is configured with a connecting end 101-3 at a position below the guide through hole.

One end of the pushing shaft 102 is movably disposed through the guiding through hole, and provides a guide for the pushing shaft 102 through the guiding through hole, and a sliding groove 102-1 extending vertically from the bottom surface of the pushing shaft 102 is disposed at an end of the pushing shaft 102 outside the guiding through hole, that is, the sliding direction of the sliding groove 102-1 is along the vertical direction.

The swinging body 103 is provided with a rotating end 103-21 and a pushing end 103-31, the swinging body 103 is installed below the pushing shaft 102, the rotating end 103-21 is rotatably connected with the connecting end 101-3 in a vertical plane, so that the swinging body 103 can only rotate in the vertical plane, the pushing end 103-31 is rotatably arranged in the chute 102-1 and can vertically slide along the chute 102-1, the pushing end 103-31 can adaptively rotate along with the rotating end 103-21 of the swinging body 103 when the swinging body 103 rotates, in addition, the relative height of the swinging body 103 changes when the swinging body 103 rotates, and at the moment, the height of the pushing end 103-31 can adaptively change along with the rotating end, so that the pushing end 103-31 can vertically slide along the chute 102-1 in the chute 102-1.

In this embodiment, the sliding groove 102-1 can provide an installation space for the pushing end 103-31.

When the oscillating body 103 is subjected to an upward lifting force, the rotating end 103-21 of the oscillating body 103 rotates around the connecting end 101-3 to drive the pushing end 103-31 to slide along the sliding groove 102-1 and rotate towards the direction close to the mounting seat 101, and when the oscillating body 103 rotates, the pushing end 103-31 applies an axial thrust to the wall surface of the sliding groove 102-1 of the pushing shaft 102 to push the pushing shaft 102 to move axially.

In a specific embodiment, the mounting base 101 includes a base 101-1 and an end cap 101-2 protruding from the base 101-1 to one side, the guiding through hole is disposed on the end cap 101-2, for structural optimization, the guiding through hole is disposed coaxially with the end cap 101-2, and the end cap 101-2 may be in a frustum shape, although the specific shape of the end cap 101-2 is not limited thereto.

It should be noted that the shape of the seat body 101-1 can match the shape of the axial outer end of the axle box 50, in this embodiment, the seat body 101-1 is square and rounded at four corners of the square, so that the mounting seat 101 can be installed at the outer end of the axle box 50 through the seat body 101-1, and the mounting seat 101 can be directly used as the outer end cover 101-2 of the axle box 50, without additionally installing the outer end cover 101-2 of the axle box 50.

In addition, the base body 101-1 is hollow, threaded connection holes connected with the outer end of the shaft box body 50 are formed in the periphery of the base body 101-1, and the base body 101-1 can be a connection flange formed on the periphery of the end cover 101-2.

Further, the end cover 101-2 is symmetrically provided with connecting ends 101-3 at both sides below the guide through hole, and each connecting end 101-3 is configured with a connecting hole extending horizontally and perpendicular to the central axis of the guide through hole;

further, the swinging body 103 comprises a swinging body 103-1 and swinging support bodies 103-2 which are positioned at two opposite sides of the swinging body 103-1 in the horizontal direction and extend towards the direction of the connecting end 101-3, the swinging support bodies 103-2 can be plate-shaped or rod-shaped, the end part of each swinging support body 103-2 is configured with a rotating end 103-21, the rotating end 103-21 is configured with a rotating hole which is coaxial with the connecting hole, each connecting hole is rotatably connected with the corresponding rotating hole through a rotating shaft, the rotating direction is in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is used as a rotating fulcrum of the swinging body 103, and the rotating end 103-21 of the swinging body 103 is ensured to rotate around the rotating shaft.

In addition, the distance between the outer ends of the two rotating ends 103-21 is matched with the distance between the inner ends of the two connecting ends 101-3, so that the swinging body 103 is convenient to fix and stable after being installed, and cannot move along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the stability of the swinging body 103 during rotation is ensured.

In a specific embodiment, the swinging body 103 further includes a pushing support plate 103-3 located above the swinging body 103-1 and extending upward along the swinging body 103-1, the pushing end 103-31 is disposed at the top end of the pushing support plate 103-3, and the pushing support plate 103-3 is inclined from the outer end of the swinging body 103-1 from bottom to top and inward to a position close to the shaft end of the pushing shaft 102.

Further, the pushing end 103-31 is configured as a cylinder with an axis perpendicular to the central axis of the pushing shaft 102 and extending horizontally, and may be a cylinder with a smooth outer surface, and the length of the cylinder matches with the width of the sliding groove 102-1.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the swinging body 103-1 may be cylindrical, the length direction of the swinging body 103-1 is parallel to the axial direction of the pushing shaft 102, the bottom of the swinging body 103-1 is provided with a rolling wheel 103-4, and the axial direction of the rolling wheel 103-4 is parallel to the length direction of the swinging body 103-1, so that the rolling direction of the rolling wheel 103-4 is perpendicular to the length direction of the swinging body 103-1.

In a specific embodiment, the sliding groove 102-1 is communicated with the end of the pushing shaft 102 and penetrates through the pushing shaft 102 in the vertical direction, although the top of the sliding groove 102-1 may not penetrate through the sliding groove, and for convenience of processing, a vertically penetrating notch may be directly cut in the end of the pushing shaft 102 to form the sliding groove 102-1.

In order to enable the pushing end 103-31 to be located in the sliding groove 102-1 without being detached, the pushing shaft 102 is configured with a pair of opposite anti-disengaging stops at the side wall of the opening of the sliding groove 102-1, and the distance between the pair of anti-disengaging stops is smaller than the distance between the side walls of other parts of the sliding groove 102-1, so that the pushing end 103-31 cannot be detached along the end of the pushing shaft 102 after being installed in the sliding groove 102-1, and the anti-disengaging function is achieved.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic positioning mechanism is further comprised, and the elastic positioning mechanism comprises a chassis 104 and a pair of plate springs 105 extending along the chassis 104 to the same side. Specifically, the base plate 104 is annular and is arranged coaxially with the end cover 101-2, and the base plate 104 is fixed to the outer end of the end cover 101-2 through a connecting member.

Specifically, a pair of leaf springs 105 are arranged on two opposite sides, namely radial two ends, on the circumference of the base plate 104, after the base plate 104 is mounted on the end cover 101-2, the pair of leaf springs 105 are respectively arranged on two sides of the pushing shaft 102 in the horizontal direction, the free end of each leaf spring 105 is connected with the end part, provided with the sliding groove 102-1, of the pushing shaft 102 through a swing rod 106, one end of the swing rod 106 is rotatably connected with the leaf spring 105, and the other end of the swing rod 106 is rotatably connected with the end part of the pushing shaft 102.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the length direction of the plate spring 105 is parallel to the axial direction of the pushing shaft 102, and the plate surface of the plate spring 105 is vertically arranged.

Specifically, the free end of the plate spring 105 is bent to form a connecting hook, the swing rod 106 is a ring body with an opening, and can be bent to form a square ring body with an opening by a steel wire, for example, one end of the ring body away from the opening is clamped in the connecting hook and rotatably connected with the connecting hook, a pair of opposite clamping columns are formed at the opening of the ring body, the end of the pushing shaft 102 provided with the sliding groove 102-1 is respectively provided with a connecting hole penetrating through the side wall at a pair of side walls of the sliding groove 102-1, and a pair of clamping columns of each ring body is clamped at the upper end and the lower end of each connecting hole and rotatably. When the track change starts to push the pushing shaft 102 to move, and the swinging body 103 pushes the pushing shaft 102 to slide inwards, the swinging rod 106 pushes the plate spring 105 outwards to deform, the pushing shaft 102 is pushed out at the end of track change, and the plate spring 105 continues to move outwards under the action of the restoring force until the retaining ring 108 is positioned after contacting with the inner side face of the end cover 101-2.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a first groove is formed in the circumference of the pushing shaft 102, a retaining ring 108 is installed in the first groove, and the retaining ring 108 is used for cooperating with the inner side surface of the end cover 101-2 to limit the position of the pushing shaft 102, so that the pushing shaft 102 can return to the original position after each orbital transfer.

At least one second groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the pushing shaft 102, the second groove is located between the first groove and one end, provided with the sliding groove 102-1, of the pushing shaft 102, namely the second groove is located at one end, away from the pushing shaft 102, of the first groove and located on the inner side of the end cover 101-2, and a sealing ring 109 is installed in the second groove, so that sealing is kept between the end cover 101-2 and the pushing shaft 102, and the fact that the interior of the thrust conversion mechanism is clean and good in lubrication is guaranteed.

In this embodiment, the pushing shaft 102 and the thrust rod 90 are coaxial and are arranged with a gap therebetween, the thrust rod 90 is held by the retaining sleeve 107, and the pushing shaft 102 is held by the retaining ring 108, so that the gap is maintained between the pushing shaft 102 and the thrust rod 90, transmission, mutual collision or relative friction between the pushing shaft 102 and the thrust rod 90 is avoided, and the durability of the components is effectively improved. When the driving rail of the ground rail transfer facility applies an upward lifting force to the swinging body 103, the swinging body 103 converts the vertical thrust into an axial thrust to the pushing shaft, and the pushing shaft 102 pushes the thrust rod 90 to move so as to unlock the wheel 30.

According to one embodiment of the invention, in the track-variable wheel centering, one end of the thrust rod 90 located in the central through hole is connected with the linkage mechanism, the other end of the thrust rod 90 is opposite to the pushing shaft 102 in a clearance manner, and the thrust rod 90 applies thrust to the thrust rod 90 through the pushing shaft 102, so that the thrust rod 90 drives the linkage mechanism to unlock the wheel 30.

In one embodiment, the linkage mechanism includes a locking slide ring 60, a thrust pin 80, and a locking spring. Specifically, the locking slip ring 60 is slidably sleeved on the outer spline 11 of the axle, an inner spline matched with the outer spline 11 of the axle is arranged in the locking slip ring 60, an outer spline matched with the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40 is arranged outside the locking slip ring 60, a pair of open grooves are formed in the inner wall of the locking slip ring 60 along the radial direction, openings of the open grooves are communicated with one end of the locking slip ring 60, the thrust pin 80 penetrates through the long circular hole 12, two ends of the thrust pin 80 are exposed out of the long circular hole 12, two ends of the thrust pin 80 exposed out of the long circular hole 12 are embedded in the pair of open grooves through the openings of the open grooves, the length of the thrust pin 80 is the same as the distance between the top walls of the pair of open grooves, two ends of the thrust pin 80 abut against the top walls of the open grooves, in addition, the thickness of the thrust pin 80 is consistent with.

Of course, in order to facilitate the thrust pin 80 to be able to move in the axial direction of the oblong hole 12, the width of the thrust pin 80 is smaller than the length of the oblong hole 12, and the thickness of the thrust pin 80 is smaller than or equal to the width of the oblong hole 12; furthermore, the width of the locking slip ring 60 is not too wide to ensure that the locking slip ring 60 can have an amount of movement in the space between the second raceway 41 of the outer sleeve 40 and the internal splines of the outer sleeve 40. Furthermore, the length of the oblong hole 12 should be slightly smaller than the length of the external splines 11 of the axle, so that the locking slip ring 60 always moves on the external splines 11 of the axle.

When the locking elastic member is in a natural state, at least part of the external splines of the locking slip ring 60 are located in the internal splines of the corresponding side of the outer sleeve 40, and the internal splines of the locking slip ring 60 are engaged with the external splines 11 of the axle to lock the rotation of the outer sleeve 40, so that the outer sleeve 40 is fixed relative to the axle 10, and at this time, the wheel 30, the shaft sleeve 20, the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10 are in an integral structure, and do not rotate relative to each other, so that the wheel 30 is in a locked state.

One end of the thrust rod 90 penetrates through the central through hole 15 of the axle 10 and abuts against one side of the thrust pin 80, which is located at the open groove, and the other end of the thrust rod 90 is opposite to the pushing shaft 102, after the axle box body 50 is lifted by the unlocking rail so that the wheel 30 is unloaded, thrust is applied to the thrust pin 80 through the thrust rod 90 so as to drive the locking slip ring 60 to compress the locking elastic member to move on the axle 10 in the direction away from the internal spline of the outer sleeve 40 so as to be separated from the internal spline of the outer sleeve 40, thereby unlocking the rotational freedom degree of the outer sleeve 40, at this time, if the wheel 30 is pushed, as the shaft sleeve 20 is connected with the axle 10 through the non-self-locking thread pair, the outer sleeve 40, the wheel 30 and the shaft sleeve 20 rotate together around the axle 10, the first non-self-locking thread 21 of the shaft sleeve 20 moves in rotation along the second non-self, until the track gauge change is completed.

After the track distance is changed, the ground track changing facility does not apply thrust to the ejector shaft 102 any more, that is, the thrust of the thrust rod 90 to the thrust pin 80 is removed at this time, the thrust pin 80 will return to the original position along with the locking slide ring 60 under the elastic resetting action of the locking elastic member, that is, the external splines of the locking slide ring 60 are reinserted into the internal splines of the external sleeve 40 to lock the rotational freedom of the external sleeve 40, at this time, the shaft sleeve 20 and the external sleeve 40 cannot rotate relative to the axle 10, the shaft sleeve 20 and the external sleeve 40 can only rotate together with the axle 10, that is, the shaft sleeve 20 and the external sleeve 40 are locked on the axle 10, and the wheel 30 is locked again.

In this embodiment, the tip of axletree is fixed with backstop cover 107, backstop cover 107 and the coaxial setting of central through-hole 15, backstop cover 107 has some to extend into central through-hole 15 for backstop cover 107 installation is reliable, and the internal diameter of backstop cover 107 and the external diameter phase-match of push-off shaft 102 ensure that push-off shaft 102 can not appear rocking at the removal in-process, and push-off shaft 102 gets into central through-hole 15 and promotes distance rod 90 by backstop cover 107, and the removal process is steady.

In order to ensure that the thrust rod 90 can be restored to the original position after the track gauge is changed, a positioning section 90-1 is configured at one end of the thrust rod 90 opposite to the pushing shaft, the diameter of the positioning section 90-1 is smaller than that of the thrust rod 90, so that a positioning step surface is formed at the joint of the positioning section 90-1 and the thrust rod 90, and the positioning step surface is used for being attached to the end part of the stop sleeve 107 to limit the position of the thrust rod 90, so that the thrust rod 90 is prevented from exceeding the movement amount, and the positioning of the thrust rod 90 is accurate.

The embodiment has the advantages of convenient and reliable track gauge changing and simple overall structure.

In this embodiment, the first non-self-locking thread 21 is a trapezoidal thread, and correspondingly, the second non-self-locking thread 14 is a trapezoidal thread matched with the trapezoidal thread, so that the performance of the trapezoidal thread is reliable.

It should be noted that, the locking elastic member may also be other elastic sleeves with certain elasticity.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an annular boss is provided at the position where the outer sleeve 40 is configured with the second raceway 41 on the inner circumference, the second raceway 41 is formed on the annular boss, after the outer sleeve 40 is connected with the axle 10 through balls, a pair of mounting spaces of the shaft sleeve 20 are formed between the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10 at both axial sides of the rolling space, the shaft sleeve 20 is firstly respectively sleeved on the axle 10 in a sliding manner from both ends of the axle 10, during the sliding process, the sliding bearing 110 is in sliding contact with the axle 10 and is inserted into the outer sleeve 40 from the mounting space, the external spline 22 of the shaft sleeve axially moves relative to the internal spline of the outer sleeve 40 until the first non-self-locking thread 21 of the shaft sleeve 20 is in contact with the second non-self-locking thread 14 of the axle 10, and the shaft sleeve 20 is rotated, so that the first non-self.

For a railcar track-changing pair, the outer sleeve 40 externally mounts a gear box 120, and for a trailer track-changing pair, the outer sleeve 40 externally mounts a plurality of spaced apart brake discs 130.

In order to improve the reliability of the connection of the outer sleeve 40 with the axle 10, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the first raceway 13 is two, the two first raceways 13 are arranged side by side, and correspondingly, the second raceway 41 is two, thereby forming two raceway spaces side by side.

Further, the axle 10 is divided into a main axle shaft and a sub axle shaft by the first raceway 13, and the portion of the axle 10 provided with the external splines and the oblong hole 12 is the main axle shaft. The locking slip ring 60 is mounted on the main half shaft, the opening groove of the locking slip ring 60 opens towards the free end of the main half shaft, and the locking spring 70 is mounted between the stop end face of the annular flange and the locking slip ring 60.

For structural optimization, the first raceway 13 is disposed adjacent to the external spline 11 of the axle.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the spacing between the external splines 11 of the axle and the adjacent second non self-locking threads 14 is equal to the spacing between the annular flange and the adjacent second non self-locking threads 14, and equal to half of the variable track pitch, which is the space for the movement of the first non self-locking threads 21 of the sleeve 20.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, both axial ends of the axle 10 are constructed as stepped shafts having both ends with a smaller diameter than the middle diameter, so that both end shafts of the stepped shafts are used to mount the axle case 50.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft is formed with a sliding section at a location between each section of the second non-self-locking thread 14 and the shaft end of the intermediate shaft, respectively, to facilitate the sliding of the sliding bearing 110 of the sleeve 20 relative to the axle 10.

On the other hand, the ground track-changing facility of the embodiment is used for applying a track-changing external force to a track-changing wheel pair, the ground track-changing facility is provided with a driving rail, the length direction of the driving rail is arranged along the running direction of the track-changing wheel pair, the upper surface of the driving rail is provided with a section of ascending unlocking inclined surface and a section of descending inclined surface in transitional connection with the unlocking inclined surface, when track changing starts, the driving rail is lifted to push the rolling wheels 103-4 and the swinging body 103 upwards, the swinging body 103 rotates relative to the end cover to apply axial thrust to the pushing shaft 102, so that the pushing shaft 102 is in axial sliding contact with and pushes the thrust rod 90, load input is provided for the unlocking device to trigger unlocking, the driving rail descends after track changing is finished, the rolling wheels 103-4 are separated, the thrust conversion mechanism 100 loses force, and the unlocking device pushes the thrust rod 90 and the pushing shaft 102 out under the action of restoring force.

The embodiment realizes the track transfer process as follows:

1. unlocking the section: the axle box 50 is gradually lifted by the unlocking rail, so that the wheels 30 are unloaded, and after the thrust conversion mechanism 100 is triggered, the pushing shaft 102 is pushed to contact the thrust rod 90 inwards, the thrust pin 80 and the locking slide ring 60 are pushed to move inwards and compress the locking spring 70 until the locking slide ring 60 is separated from the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40, and the rotation restriction between the axle 10 and the shaft sleeve 20 is released.

2. A variable pitch section: and when the vehicle enters a variable-pitch section, the wheel 30 moves inwards (or outwards) under the action of a variable-track-pitch transverse force, and the wheel 30 and the shaft sleeve 20 integrally rotate around the non-self-locking thread pair to reach a target track pitch.

3. A locking section: and entering a locking section, gradually reducing the unlocking rail and withdrawing the supporting function, moving the locking slide ring 60 and the like outwards under the thrust action of the locking spring 70 and inserting the locking slide ring into the internal spline of the outer sleeve 40 to realize locking again, recovering the pushing shaft 102 under the restoring force action of the locking spring 70 and separating the pushing shaft from contact with the thrust rod 90, finishing the rail changing process, completely locking the wheel pair, and entering a normal operation state again.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thrust conversion mechanism for a track-variable wheel set is characterized by comprising:

the mounting seat is used for being mounted at the axial outer end of a shaft box body of the track-variable wheel pair, the mounting seat is provided with a guide through hole extending along the horizontal direction, and a connecting end is formed at the position, below the guide through hole, of the mounting seat;

2. The thrust conversion mechanism for a track-variable wheel pair according to claim 1, wherein the mounting seat comprises a seat body and an end cover protruding outward from the seat body to one side, the guide through hole is provided in the end cover, the end cover is symmetrically provided with the connecting ends at two sides below the guide through hole, and each connecting end is configured with a connecting hole extending horizontally and perpendicular to a central axis of the guide through hole;

3. The thrust conversion mechanism for the track-variable wheel pair according to claim 2, wherein the oscillating body further comprises a pushing support plate located above the oscillating body and extending upward along the oscillating body, and the pushing end is provided at a top end of the pushing support plate;

4. The thrust conversion mechanism for a variable-gauge wheel set according to claim 2, wherein a longitudinal direction of the swing body is parallel to an axial direction of the pushing shaft, and a rolling wheel is provided at a bottom of the swing body, and the axial direction of the rolling wheel is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the swing body.

5. The thrust conversion mechanism for a track-variable wheel set according to claim 2, wherein the chute communicates with an end portion of the pushing shaft and penetrates in a vertical direction of the pushing shaft;

6. The thrust conversion mechanism for a variable-gauge wheelset according to claim 2, further comprising an elastic positioning mechanism including a chassis and a pair of leaf springs extending toward the same side along the chassis;

7. The thrust conversion mechanism for a track-variable wheel set according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal direction of the plate spring is parallel to the axial direction of the pushing shaft, and the plate surface of the plate spring is vertically arranged;

8. The thrust conversion mechanism for the track-variable wheel pair is characterized in that a first groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the pushing shaft, a retainer ring is mounted in the first groove, and the retainer ring is used for being matched with the inner side face of the end cover to limit the position of the pushing shaft;

9. An unlocking device for a track-variable wheel set is characterized by comprising:

the thrust conversion mechanism for a variable-gauge wheel set according to any one of claims 1 to 8;

10. A track-variable wheelset comprising an axle, a pair of wheels mounted on said axle, and a pair of axle housings mounted on said axle and located outside said wheels, further comprising:

the variable-gauge wheel pair unlocking device according to claim 9, wherein the mounting seat is mounted at an axially outer end of the axle housing near a side where the thrust rod is located;

11. The pair of track-changing wheels according to claim 10, further comprising:

the wheel mounting seats are arranged on the peripheries of first ends of the shaft sleeves, a section of external spline extending along the axial direction of the shaft sleeves is formed on the peripheries of second ends of the shaft sleeves, a section of first non-self-locking threads are formed on the inner peripheries of the second ends of the shaft sleeves, the rotating directions of the first non-self-locking threads are opposite, and a pair of wheels are fastened on the wheel mounting seats of the shaft sleeves;

12. The pair of gauge-changing wheels according to claim 11,

the outer periphery of the axle close to the middle part is provided with a section of external spline extending along the axial direction of the axle, the axle is provided with a long round hole penetrating along the radial direction of the axle at the position of the external spline of the axle, and the length direction of the long round hole is along the axial direction of the axle;

13. The pair of track-changing wheels according to claim 12, wherein said linkage comprises a locking slip ring, a thrust pin and a locking spring;

14. The pair of track-varying wheels according to claim 12, wherein a stop sleeve is fixed to an end of the axle, the stop sleeve is coaxially disposed with the central through hole, the stop sleeve partially extends into the central through hole, an inner diameter of the stop sleeve matches an outer diameter of the push shaft, and the push shaft enters the central through hole from the stop sleeve and pushes the thrust rod;

15. Gauge-changing wheel pair according to claim 12,

the length of the first non-self-locking thread is greater than that of the second non-self-locking thread and is equal to half of the variable gauge;

16. A ground track-changing facility for applying a track-changing external force to a track-changing wheel pair according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the ground track-changing facility is provided with a driving rail, the length direction of the driving rail is arranged along the running direction of the track-changing wheel pair, and the upper surface of the driving rail is provided with a section of ascending unlocking inclined surface and a section of descending inclined surface in transitional connection with the unlocking inclined surface.