CN111801080A - 带有顶片和采集层的一次性吸收性卫生产品 - Google Patents

带有顶片和采集层的一次性吸收性卫生产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111801080A
CN111801080A CN201880090625.8A CN201880090625A CN111801080A CN 111801080 A CN111801080 A CN 111801080A CN 201880090625 A CN201880090625 A CN 201880090625A CN 111801080 A CN111801080 A CN 111801080A
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absorbent
absorbent assembly
topsheet
superabsorbent polymer
fibers
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CN201880090625.8A
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CN111801080B (zh
Inventor
A·赫梅纽斯
P·安德松
E·圭多蒂
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Essity Hygiene and Health AB
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Essity Hygiene and Health AB
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Abstract

提供了一种一次性吸收性卫生产品(1),其包括主体部分(10),所述主体部分(10)具有旨在面向使用者的身体的面向身体表面和旨在背离使用者的身体的面向衣服表面,所述主体部分包括在所述面向身体表面处的液体可透的顶片(11)、在所述面向衣服表面处的液体不可透的背片(12)以及布置在所述顶片与所述背片之间的吸收性组件(13);主体部分具有具有前端(14)和背端(15),并且限定出从所述前端朝向所述背端的纵向方向(L)以及限定出垂直于纵向方向的横向方向(T),其中所述吸收性组件(13)被两条假想的横向延伸线(T1,T2)划分为:朝向所述前端的前区(Rf),其具有所述吸收性组件的纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;朝向所述背端的背区(Rb),其所述吸收性组件的纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;以及在所前区(Rf)与所述背区(Rb)之间的中央区(Rc),其中在前区和背区中,吸收性组件包括可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维,基于纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的总重量,所述吸收性组件具有从0至30重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,以及从50至200g/m2的纤维素纤维基重;并且其中所述中央区提供吸收性组件的总保留容量的从70%至100%,其中液体可透的顶片材料包括亲水处理的聚丙烯纺粘非织造物或纺粘/熔喷复合非织造物,其具有从8至20g/m2的基重;并且其中采集层材料被提供为夹在所述顶片与所述吸收性组件之间,其是通气结合的非织造物,根据方法NWSP 120.6方法、选项A在0.5kPa压力下测量的,其具有从40至60g/m2的基重和至少0.9mm的厚度。

Description

带有顶片和采集层的一次性吸收性卫生产品
技术领域
本公开涉及一种包括吸收性组件的一次性吸收性卫生产品。
背景技术
例如呈尿布、失禁服、垫、插入物及类似物的形式的一次性吸收性卫生产品是众所周知的。这种物品被用于吸收、分布和存储各种类型的身体分泌物,例如尿液,同时在使用期间向穿戴者提供高水平的舒适性和干燥感。常规的一次性吸收性产品通常被设计有夹在顶片与背片之间的吸收芯。
对于失禁产品领域中的一次性吸收性卫生产品的总体要求是液体处理和泄漏安全性。至于液体处理,例如重要的是产品能够吸收和存储液体,同时允许被产品覆盖的皮肤干燥,并且至于泄漏安全性,例如重要的是降低身体分泌物泄漏到产品的外侧的风险,因为这种泄露对于穿戴者会是不愉悦的,并导致弄脏内衣、床等,作为后果伴随对例如护理提供者增加的工作负担。
还期望减少对于失禁产品的成本和材料花费。由成人(例如在老年人护理中)使用的失禁产品需要具有相对较大的物理尺寸,以便令人满意地覆盖穿戴者的泌尿生殖器区域并且能够适当地贴合于穿戴者。
即使现有技术中采取的途径满足与液体处理和材料花费有关的某些要求,但是仍然存在对于进一步改进的需要。
发明内容
根据本公开,提供了根据所附权利要求的一次性吸收性卫生产品。
根据本公开的一次性吸收性卫生产品包括主体部分,该主体部分具有旨在面向使用者的身体的面向身体表面和旨在背离使用者的身体的面向衣服表面,主体部分包括在面向身体表面处的液体可透的顶片、在面向衣服表面处的液体不可透的背片以及布置在顶片与背片之间的吸收性组件,主体部分具有具有前端和背端,并且限定出从所述前端朝向所述背端的纵向方向以及限定出垂直于该纵向方向的横向方向。
吸收性组件被两条假想的横向延伸线划分为:朝向所述前端的前区,其具有吸收性组件纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;朝向所述背端的背区,其具有吸收性组件纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;以及在所述前区与所述背区之间的中央区,其中所述中央区提供吸收性组件的总保留容量的从70%至100%。
液体可透的顶片材料包括亲水处理的聚丙烯纺粘非织造物或纺粘/熔喷复合非织造物,其具有从8至20g/m2的基重。
采集层被提供为夹在所述顶片与所述吸收性组件之间,该采集层是通气结合的非织造物,如根据方法NWSP 120.6、选项A在0.5kPa压力下测量的,其具有从40至60g/m2的基重以及至少0.9mm的厚度。
就保留容量而言,根据本公开的产品具有吸收容量的主要部分,该主要部分集中到吸收性组件的中央部分,意味着吸收容量集中到最需要的区。发明人已经发现,在前区和背区中提供少于总保留容量的少于30%、例如从5%至20%可能是足够的,并且顶片材料和采集层材料的特定组合提供液体入口特性(liquid inlet properties),在吸收容量的主要部分位于中央区中的情况下,该液体入口特性对于与特定类型的吸收性组件一起使用是有利的。
根据本公开的吸收性组件是本身如上限定的吸收性组件。
在以下描述中以及在从属权利要求中公开了本公开的进一步方面、优点和有利特征。
附图说明
下面将参考附图中所示的各图更详细地描述本公开,其中:
图1示出呈打开型尿布形式的一次性吸收性卫生产品的俯视图。
图2示出一次性吸收性卫生产品的分解视图。
图3示出处于闭合状态的一次性吸收性卫生产品。
具体实施方式
应注意,尽管图1中的一次性卫生产品被示出为打开尿布,但是本公开也涉及其它类型的一次性吸收性卫生物品,例如吸收垫、带式尿布、裤状尿布和可移除插入物。
将在下文中参考附图更全面地描述本公开的不同方面。然而,本文中公开的实施例可以以许多不同的形式实现,并且不应被解释为限于本文中阐述的方面。
一次性吸收性卫生产品1包括主体部分10,该主体部分10具有旨在面向使用者的身体的面向身体表面和旨在背离使用者的身体的面向衣服表面,主体部分包括在面向身体表面处的液体可透的顶片11、在面向衣服表面处的液体不可透的背片12以及布置在顶片与背片之间的吸收性组件13。
在本公开的上下文中,“一次性”以其通常的意义被使用以意味着跨越变化的时间长度在有限数量的使用事件后(例如,少于约10个事件、少于约5个事件或1个事件之后)被处置或丢弃的物品。
在图1中示出的一次性吸收性卫生产品中,顶片11和背片12在吸收性组件13的外轮廓外侧延伸并且使用本领域中公知的方法(例如胶合或借助于热或超声焊接)在吸收性组件轮廓外侧被接合在一起。
主体部分10具有当产品被穿戴时旨在处于使用者的前(腹部)腰部区处的前端14以及旨在处于使用者的背腰部区处的背端15。主体部分限定出从前边缘朝向背边缘的纵向方向L以及垂直于该纵向方向的横向方向T。
纵向侧边缘在假想的纵向中心线C的互相相反侧上连接主体部分的前边缘和背边缘。
一对前侧面板21、22可以各自在纵向侧边缘处在主体部分10的前端处或靠近主体部分10的前端被附接至主体部分10。一对后侧面板23、24也可以在纵向侧边缘处靠近主体部分10的后端被附接至主体部分10。
后侧面板23、24可以设有紧固装置,该紧固装置旨在被紧固在对应的前侧面板21、22的面向衣服表面上或主体部分10的面向衣服表面上,以便使一次性吸收性卫生产品围绕穿戴者的腰部贴合。紧固装置25可以例如是机械紧固件,例如钩或压敏粘合剂。
以大体上纵向的方式延伸的弹性装置17可以被附接到主体部分10,例如靠近纵向侧边缘被夹在顶片与背片之间,以提供腿箍(leg cuffs),如本领域中众所周知的。这种弹性装置可以包括一根或更多弹性线、弹性膜条带或弹性泡沫条带,并且可以以伸展状态被附接到主体部分10,以便在一次性吸收性卫生产品1上施加纵向收缩力。
液体可透的顶片11被布置在一次性吸收性卫生产品的面向身体侧。适合作为顶片的材料在一次性吸收性卫生产品的领域中是众所周知的,并且出于本公开的目的,可以使用公知用于使用顶片材料的任何材料,包括但不限于非织造材料和穿孔聚合物膜。
顶片11适当地足够流体可透以允许排出的体液(例如尿液)穿透顶片11的厚度。而且,顶片11适当地由对穿戴者的皮肤柔顺且柔软感觉的材料制造。
在本公开的上下文中,“非织造物”是通过摩擦和/或内聚性和/或粘附性结合的定向或随机取向的纤维的所制造的片材、幅材或棉絮,排除纸和织造、针织、簇绒、合并结合纱或细丝的缝编(stitch-bonded)或通过湿磨进行毡制(无论是否另外进行针刺)的产品。纤维可以是天然的或人造来源的,并且可以是人造短纤维或连续细丝或原位形成。商业可获得的纤维具有从小于约0.001mm至多于约0.2mm的范围的直径并且它们以若干不同的形式出现:短纤维(称为人造短纤维或短切纤维)、连续的单纤维(细丝或单丝)、连续细丝的未扭绞束(丝束)以及连续细丝的扭绞束(纱线)。非织造织物可以通过许多工艺形成,例如熔喷、纺粘、溶剂纺丝、电纺和梳理。
待用于顶片11的非织造材料可以例如由纺粘、纺粘/纺粘复合物或纺粘/熔喷复合物制成,例如SMS(纺粘/熔喷/纺粘)、SSMS、SSMMS、SMMS、聚丙烯的非织造材料或聚丙烯和聚乙烯的双组分纤维或这样的材料的组合。顶片11也可以具有弹性特性。
顶片11被亲水处理以便改进尿液穿透顶片进入下面的结构的趋势。用于亲水化、亲水处理非织造物的方法对于本领域技术人员是已知的,并且包括用亲水性涂层涂覆非织造材料,例如通过施加表面活性剂涂层;通过将亲水性单体组合物和自由基聚合引发剂施加到非织造物上,接着在非织造物上引发聚合反应;通过施加亲水性纳米颗粒的涂层;或通过用高能处理(电晕,等离子)处理非织造物表面。
表面活性剂涂层可以例如由通过任何合适的方式将表面活性剂组合物施加到非织造材料上获得,该合适的方式包括将材料喷涂、缝涂、吻合辊涂和/或浸泡在含有表面活性剂的浴中。亲水化处理可以在吸收性物品的组装期间在线执行,或者可以单独执行,并且然后顶片作为即用型卷被递送到一次性吸收性卫生产品制造厂。
表面活性剂涂层可以被施加到顶片材料的全部宽度,或者可以被限制到中央定位的区,例如诸如以在预期直接经受体液排放的区域中为顶片材料提供期望的亲水性,而在亲水化区侧向外侧的区域可以保留疏水性。
用于非织造物的亲水化的表面活性剂可以是适合在卫生应用中使用的任何已知的表面活性剂,如总体上在本领域中已知的。合适的表面活性试剂可以包括适合在卫生应用中使用的任何阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、氧化胺型表面活性剂和硅氧烷基表面活性剂,并且应该降低顶片与尿液之间的接触角。合适的表面活性剂还向非织造物提供相对长期的亲水化效果,即它们不容易被洗离非织造物,而是在与例如尿液的水性液体接触后也在很大程度上保留。
合适的表面活性试剂的示例是:Silastol PHP26、Silastol PHP 28、Silastol163、Silastol PHP 207(Schill&Seilacher GmbH)、Stantex S 6327(Cognis)、Duron OS1547、Duron OF 4012(CHT/BEZEMA)、Nuwet 237和Nuwet 550(Momentive PerformanceChemicals)。
顶片材料(11)具有从8至20g/m2、例如从12至17g/m2的基重。然而,本公开不限于仅具有该基重的顶片材料。
如根据方法NWSP(非织造物标准规程)070.3.R0(15)测量的,顶片材料可以具有至多7(诸如从1至7,例如从2至6)秒的透湿(strikethrough)时间。
示例性的顶片是具有从8至20g/m2的基重的亲水处理的聚丙烯纺粘或纺粘-熔喷-纺粘非织造物。
顶片材料例如从Fitesa(巴西,Gravitai)和Berry Global(美国,印第安纳州)商业可获得。
背片12被布置在一次性吸收性卫生产品的面向衣服侧。适合作为背片的材料在一次性吸收性卫生产品的领域中是众所周知的。背片12防止被吸收性组件吸收的分泌物弄脏可能接触一次性吸收性卫生产品的其它外部物品,例如床单和内衣。背片12可以优选地对例如尿液的液体大致上不可透。
背片可以是大致上液体不可透但是透气的,即气体可透的,意味着空气和其它气体可以穿过背片12,而对液体大致上不可透。
为了本公开的目的,通常已知用作背片材料的任何材料可以被包括在背片中,包括但不限于聚合物膜,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯或聚丙烯的共聚物的膜、疏水化非织造材料、流体不可透的泡沫以及流体不可透的层压物。
背片可以包括一层或更多层材料。例如,背片可以是朝向吸收性组件的液体不可透的聚合物膜以及朝向衣服侧的非织造物的层压物,以向一次性吸收性卫生产品的外表面提供纺织、柔软的感觉。
吸收性组件13被布置在顶片11与背片12之间。在此应注意,适合在一次性吸收性卫生产品中使用的吸收性组件13本身构成本公开的一个单独方面。
吸收性组件13限定出从前端到背端的纵向方向以及垂直于该纵向方向的横向方向。在一次性吸收性卫生产品中,吸收性组件被对准使得组件的纵向方向平行于一次性吸收性卫生产品的纵向方向,其中吸收性组件的前端朝向一次性吸收性卫生产品的前端,并且其中组件的背端朝向一次性吸收性卫生产品的背边缘。
吸收性组件13具有从500至1000mm、诸如从550至750mm、例如从570至700mm的纵向长度Labs以及从200至450mm、诸如从220至350mm、例如从230至300mm的横向宽度Wabs
在本公开的上下文中,纵向长度应被理解为指定部分或子部分在纵向方向上的最长长度。类似地,横向宽度应被理解为指定部分或子部分在横向方向上的最宽宽度。
为了本公开的目的,并且除非另外明确地提及,否则在一次性吸收性卫生产品在平坦表面上处于松弛的展平状态、其中任何接触弹性件被停用的情况下测量一次性吸收性卫生产品的长度、宽度和其它尺寸。
吸收性组件被两条横向延伸、纵向间隔开的假想线T1、T2划分为:(i)朝向前边缘定位的前区Rf,其具有吸收性组件纵向长度的从10%至40%、诸如从15%至30%、例如从17%至25%的纵向长度,(ii)朝向背边缘定位的背区Rb,其具有吸收性组件纵向长度的从10%至40%、诸如从15%至30%、例如从17%至25%的纵向长度,以及(iii)在所述前区与所述背区之间的中央区Rc。为了避免疑问,前区、中央区和背区Rf、Rc、Rb是不重叠的,并且一起构成整个吸收性组件13。
中央区Rc的平面表面积显著小于总吸收性组件的平面表面积。例如,中央区Rc的平面表面积可以是总吸收性组件的平面表面积的最多75%、最多60%、最多40%或最多30%。
如本文中使用的,术语吸收性组件或其一部分的“平面表面积”对应于当产品以其中任何弹性件被移除或停用的展平状态被放置在平坦表面上时被吸收性组件或其一部分覆盖(隐藏在后面)的平坦表面的表面积。
在前区Rf和背区Rb中,吸收性组件包括纤维素纤维和可选地超吸收性聚合物的混合物,基于纤维素纤维和超吸收性物品的总重量,其具有从0至30重量%、诸如从5至20重量%、例如从8至15重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,以及从50至200g/m2、诸如从70至170g/m2、例如从100至150g/m2的纤维素纤维基重。
可能有利的是,在前区和背区中,吸收性组件包括超吸收性聚合物,例如以至少5重量%、诸如从5至20重量%、例如从8至15重量%的浓度,以便提供在良好的液体处理与材料使用之间具有有利的平衡的吸收性组件和一次性吸收性卫生产品。
纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的混合物可以被均匀地分布在吸收性组件的前区和背区中,即纤维素纤维基重和超吸收性聚合物浓度分别基本上在前区和背区之上一致。在前区和背区中纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的均匀分布的混合物允许这些区提供基本上连续的材料层,而没有任何无意的开口/材料不连续。无意的开口或材料不连续可能损害液体处理特性,并且可能还降低使用者对产品性能的信心。
如根据本公开中提供的用于测量基重均匀性的方法测量的,在吸收性组件的前区和背区中,可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维可以具有至多20%、优选地至多15%、更优选地至多10%、甚至更优选地至多5%的基重变化系数。
如根据本公开中提供的用于测量保留容量(retention capacity)均匀性的方法测量的,在吸收性组件的前区和背区中,并且当这些区中的超吸收性聚合物浓度高于5%时,纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的混合物可能具有如g/g吸收性计算的保留容量,其具有至多为20%、优选地至多15%、更优选地至多10%、甚至更优选地至多5%的变化系数。
如根据本公开中提供的用于测量保留容量均匀性的方法测量的,在吸收性组件的前区和背区中,并且当这些区中的超吸收性聚合物浓度高于5%时,纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的混合物可能具有如g/10cm2吸收性计算的保留容量,其具有至多30%、优选地至多25%、更优选地至多20%、甚至更优选地至多15%、最优选地至多10%的变化系数。
此外,根据本公开中提供的用于测量吸收保留容量的方法,中央区Rc提供吸收性组件的总吸收保留容量的从70%至100%,诸如从75%至95%,例如从80%至90%。
中央区Rc的保留容量/平面表面积(即中央区的保留容量除以中央区的平面的平面表面积)可以显著高于前区Rf和背区Rb的保留容量/平面表面积,例如分别为前区Rf和背区Rb的保留容量/平面表面积的至少2倍、至少3倍、至少4倍或至少5倍高。前区Rf和背区Rb的保留容量/平面表面积可以基本上相等,或者可以相差小于20%。
根据Rothwell方法,ISO 11948测量的,产品的总吸收容量可以为至少1000ml、诸如从1000至3000ml。
前区Rf和背区Rb的纵向长度可以相等或不同。例如,前区Rf的纵向长度可以为背区Rb的纵向长度的从70%至130%,诸如从80%至120%或90%至110%,以允许对中央区的定制化定位,在这种情况下保留容量的主要部分取决于意指使用者定位。
在根据本公开的吸收性组件中,假想线T1、T2被定位成使得前区和背区Rf、Rb的纵向长度分别最大化,同时分别满足对前区、中央区和背区Rf、Rc、Rb的设定要求。换句话说,对于Rf和Rb的要求,在前区和背区中,吸收性组件包括可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维,在Rc的任何子部分中(其中这种子部分由两条纵向分离的横向线限定)不满足基于纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的总重量的从0至30重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,以及从50至200g/m2的纤维素纤维基重。
如图1和图2所示,吸收性组件13可以包括两个吸收芯:第一吸收芯131和第二吸收芯132,其处于堆叠关系,即放置在彼此的顶部上使得第二吸收芯的纵向端部均在第一吸收芯的纵向端部之间、在第一吸收芯的纵向端部的纵向内侧。基于处于堆叠关系的两个吸收芯的吸收性组件为根据本公开的一次性吸收性卫生产品提供有利的设计。
第一吸收芯131可以包括可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维,基于纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的总重量,其具有从0至30重量%、诸如从5至20重量%、例如从8至15重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,以及从50至200g/m2、诸如从70至170g/m2、例如从100至150g/m2的纤维素纤维基重。第一吸收芯在吸收性组件的全部纵向长度之上延伸。
在本公开的其中吸收性组件包括第一和第二吸收芯的实施例中,吸收性组件的前区和背区的基重和/或超吸收性聚合物分布的上述标准差和/或变化系数也可以应用于全部的第一吸收芯。
第二吸收芯132位于所述中央区中,并且第二吸收芯132的纵向延伸范围与中央区Rc的纵向延伸范围重合,使得横向线T1、T2与第二吸收芯132的纵向最外端重合。
第二吸收芯132可以属于适合在一次性吸收性卫生产品中使用的任何公知的类型,例如,吸收芯可以是纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的混合物,或者是基本上无纤维素的吸收结构,例如包含至多100重量%的超吸收性材料。
第二吸收芯132可以例如包括纤维素纤维和超吸收性颗粒的混合物,其具有从20至70重量%、诸如从25至50重量%、例如从30至40重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,并且具有从250至500g/m2、诸如从300至450g/m2的纤维素纤维基重。
第二吸收芯132的平面表面积小于第一吸收芯的平面表面积,例如,其可以小于第一吸收芯131的平面表面积75%,诸如小于60%或小于50%,例如为第一吸收芯131的平面表面积的从40%至75%。
在图1中所示的实施例中,第二吸收芯132在第一吸收芯131的面向衣服侧上,位于第一吸收芯131与背片12之间。在替代实施例中,第二吸收芯132可以在吸收芯131的面向身体侧上,位于第一吸收芯131与顶片11之间。
在根据本公开的其中第二吸收性芯位于第一吸收性芯与背片之间的一次性吸收性卫生产品中,第一吸收性芯可以部分地充当用于指引流体远离顶片并进入第二吸收芯中的传递层,其中液体保留容量的主要部分被集中,由此有助于产品中良好的液体处理。
第一吸收芯131和第二吸收芯132可以彼此直接接触,意味着在两个芯之间不存在附加材料层,诸如薄棉纸或非织造芯包裹层。
由纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物组成的芯可以总体上通过对于本领域技术人员已知的不同方法来生产,诸如通过将纤维素材料研磨、粉碎成纤维素纤维,将纤维与超吸收性聚合物混合,将混合物沉积到芯形成鼓上,以及在将鼓转移到基材(例如一次性吸收性卫生产品的幅材料)上之前使芯缩减(debulking),例如将其转移到顶片材料幅材或背片材料幅材。这样的芯通常已知为基于空气毡(airfelt)的芯。在本公开的吸收性组件中,至少前区Rf和背区Rb、例如第一吸收芯131和可选地第二吸收芯132可以是基于空气毡的,即基于可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的粉碎的纤维素纤维。
在具有低纤维素纤维基重的芯中,过量的絮凝(flocculation)可能导致芯层中不期望的孔/开口,这将不利于产品性能,并且还不利于视觉外观以及使用者信任产品的倾向,由此不利于使用产品的意愿。
通过将磨机放置成非常靠近芯形成鼓以便防止经研磨的纤维在从磨机到芯形成鼓的路径中的絮凝,可以实现高的基重均匀性,即低的基重变化系数。为了超吸收性聚合物的良好分布,将SAP靠近磨机添加可能是有利的,以实现在沉积在芯形成鼓上之前与经研磨的纤维良好混合。
可以被研磨、粉碎并且然后在根据本公开的吸收芯中使用的纤维素材料在本领域中是众所周知的,并且包括木浆、棉花、亚麻和泥炭藓。木浆是优选的。浆可以从机械或化学机械、亚硫酸盐、牛皮纸、制浆废料、有机溶剂浆等获得。软木和硬木种类均可使用。软木浆是优选的。不必用化学解粘剂、交联剂及类似物处理纤维素纤维以供在本材料中使用。可以对浆的一部分进行化学处理以得到产品改进的柔韧性。材料的柔韧性也可以通过机械加工材料或使材料嫩化而改进。
吸收性组件可以在主体部分内纵向居中,即从吸收性组件13的前边缘到主体部分10的前边缘的纵向距离Df等于从吸收性组件的背边缘到主体部分10的背边缘的纵向距离Db,或者Db可以与Df不同以定制产品内吸收保留容量的位置。例如,距离Df和Db可以独立地为从100至300mm。
如图1所示,吸收性组件的外轮廓可以是沙漏形的,使得其中中央区Rc的宽度分别比前区Rf和背区Rb的宽度窄,其中背区和前区的宽度可以相等或不同。例如,背区可以比前区宽。
在替代实施例中,吸收性组件的外轮廓可以采取不同的形状,例如矩形或长椭圆形。
超吸收性聚合物在吸收性产品的领域中是众所周知的,并且被用于帮助改进这种产品的吸收特性。超吸收性聚合物由水溶胀性和水不溶性聚合物组成,它们能够在形成水凝胶时吸收大量流体,例如能够吸收至少5倍于其重量的水性0.9%盐水溶液,如根据方法NSWP 241.0.R2(15)测量的。根据本公开使用的超吸收性聚合物的聚合物可以是无机或有机交联的亲水性聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯氧化物、交联的淀粉、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、交联的聚丙烯酸酯及类似物。聚合物可以例如呈粉末、颗粒、微粒、膜、泡沫和纤维的形式。在与流体接触时,这种超吸收性聚合物通过将流体吸收到其结构中而溶胀。总体上,超吸收性聚合物可以迅速地吸收被污损(insult)到这种物品中的流体,并且可以保留这种流体以防止泄漏并且即使在流体污损之后也帮助提供干燥的感觉。
在本发明的吸收性组件中使用的超吸收性聚合物的类型可以在组件内相同或可以变化。例如,可以在吸收性组件的前区和背区中或在第一吸收芯中使用具有第一组特征的超吸收性聚合物,并且可以在吸收性组件的中央区中或在第二吸收芯中使用具有第二组特征的超吸收性聚合物。本节中所指的特征例如是离心保留容量(centrifuge retentioncapacity)(CRC)、负载下吸收(AUL)和/或凝胶层渗透性(GLP)。
如上讨论的第一和/或第二吸收芯可以沿着吸收芯的厚度(即沿着从吸收芯的面向身体侧到面向衣服侧的方向)具有超吸收性聚合物的均匀或轮廓分布。例如,超吸收性聚合物的大部分、诸如至少50重量%、例如从70至95重量%的可以位于吸收芯的厚度方向的中间区中。中间部分可以例如构成芯的总厚度的50%或更少,诸如从30%至50%,在这种情况下中间区被定位成夹在面向身体区与面向衣服区之间,各构成吸收芯的厚度方向的其余部分的一半,其中面向衣服区和面向身体区一起包含超吸收性聚合物的量的其余部分。厚度方向的三个区可以清楚地可区分并且彼此分离容易地可分离,或者可以彼此成一体。
根据本公开,一次性吸收性卫生产品包括布置在顶片11和与吸收性组件13之间的采集层16。
如图1所示,这种采集层16可以被布置成夹在顶片11与吸收性组件13之间,在吸收性组件的中央区Rc的顶部上。采集层可以至少部分地在中央区Rc内,例如完全在中央区Rc内。例如,当在产品处于平面表面上的展平状态的情况下从顶部观察时,采集层16的轮廓可以完全在第二吸收芯132的轮廓内。
尽管本公开的吸收性组件旨在接收并保持大量的分泌物,例如尿液,但是可能有利的是在顶片与吸收性组件之间包括采集层提供大量液体的暂时采集,以及提供一个层供液体远离冲击的中间地方的分布。
根据本公开的采集层是通气结合的非织造物,如根据方法NWSP 120.6、选项A在0.5kPa压力下测量的,其具有从40至60g/m2的基重以及至少0.9mm的厚度。
采集层在物品被使用之前可以具有足够高的厚度,但是即使在物品经受外部压力时的使用条件下,也维持较高的厚度。如根据方法NWSP120.6.R0(15)、方法选项A测量的,采集层在0.5kPa的压力下具有至少0.9mm、诸如从0.9至2mm、例如从1至1.5mm。
一个示例性采集材料以商品名B5从Berry Italy商业可获得,并且是通气结合非织造物,其具有40-60g/m2的基重以及约1mm的厚度,其包括约50重量%的聚酯纤维并且其余的纤维是聚酯的双组分纤维的混合物。
采集材料可以包括不同纤维的共混物,诸如两个或更多类型的纤维的共混物。这种共混物可以包括至少10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80或90重量%的第一类型以及其余重量%的部分的其它类型的纤维类型的纤维和可选的进一步的成分,诸如结合剂,诸如乳胶。采集层的纤维可以包括聚酯或由聚酯组成。例如,共混物可以包括从40至60重量%的第一类型的纤维以及从30至60重量%的第二类型的纤维。采集层可以可选地包括至多30重量%、优选地至多20重量%、更优选地至多20重量%的附加组分。
第一类型的纤维可以是展现出螺旋卷曲的纤维,优选地来自聚酯。如本文中使用的,螺旋卷曲是任何三维卷曲,例如其中纤维大致上呈螺旋形的卷曲。螺旋卷曲纤维可以由中空纤维组成或包括中空纤维,即其横截面区域是中空的纤维,例如横截面区域的10至30%、例如15至20%是中空的。
第二纤维可以包括聚酯双组分纤维或由其组成,例如芯-鞘纤维(core-sheathfiber),其在鞘中具有较低熔融温度材料并且在芯中具有较高熔融温度材料。
在共混物中,第二类型的纤维可以比第一类型的纤维细。第二类型的纤维可以具有3-9、诸如5-8、例如6-7分特。第一类型的纤维可以具有8-12、诸如9-10分特。第一类型的纤维和第二类型的纤维可以具有不同的长度或相同的长度。纤维可以具有从20至70mm、诸如从30至50mm的平均长度。
包括聚酯的螺旋卷曲纤维和聚酯双组分纤维的通气结合非织造物的采集材料总体上在属于SCA Hygiene Products AB的WO99/00098中被公开,其内容通过引用包含在本文中。
在不希望受到理论束缚的情况下,进一步相信纤维的螺旋卷曲对它们的液体采集和分布行为非常有益。假定螺旋卷曲增加由这种纤维形成的采集构件中的空隙空间。通常,当被穿戴时吸收性物品暴露于由穿戴者施加的一定压力,这潜在地减小采集构件中的空隙空间。具有良好的渗透性和可获得的足够空隙空间对于良好的液体分布和运输是重要的。进一步相信,如上所述的螺旋卷曲纤维非常适合于维持足够的空隙体积,即使当采集构件暴露于压力时。另外,对于给定的纤维分特值,据信螺旋卷曲的纤维提供良好的渗透性,并且与紧凑的横截面相比,中空纤维横截面允许纤维的较大外径。纤维的外径显现为确定由这种纤维形成的采集构件的渗透行为。
通常在一次性吸收性卫生产品中采用但在本公开的附图中未示出的进一步部件可以在根据本公开的一次性吸收性卫生产品中采用。
例如,可以将通常被称为立起皱褶(standing gathers)的凸起的弹性构件附接到顶片。
例如在与尿液接触时改变其颜色的材料的湿度指示器可以被包括在一次性吸收性卫生产品中,例如被设置在吸收性组件与背片之间并且通过背片可见,以便指示是否润湿事件已经发生。
此外,当一次性吸收性卫生产品是失禁垫时,可以将诸如压敏粘合剂的条带的紧固装置设置在背片的面向衣服侧上以提供垫在内衣中的牢固放置。
方法
用于测量基重均匀性的方法
为了进行评估,从一个且相同的消费者包装中取出五个相邻的尿布,或者从生产中取出五个接连生产的尿布。
如果被折叠则展开尿布,并在设定为23℃和50%相对湿度的稳定实验室环境中裸露48小时。在该相同环境中执行测试。
移除或中立尿布中的所有弹性元件,并将尿布光滑和平坦放置。然后从尿布冲压出用于均匀性评估的样品。冲压工具具有50×120mm的外尺寸,其中每20mm具有切割横杆(cutting cross bars)。从而,该工具切割6个相邻的样品,每个样品测量值为50×20mm(10cm2)。从每个尿布切割两组、每组6个独立的样品(总共12个样品)。参考图3,从前区(Rf)取出一组六个样品,并且从背区(Rb)取出另一组。冲压工具应被放置为正好在中央区(Rc)的外侧。工具的长度尺寸与尿布的横向方向一致。冲压工具应在尿布的纵向中心线(C)上居中。
确定每个50×20mm芯样品的重量(精确到最接近的毫克)。为此目的,必须首先减去任何附加层(例如顶片或背片)。当裸露铺设芯时,当心使得没有超吸收剂或显著量的纤维损失。可替代地,经冲压的样品可以原样被称重。然后必须事先知道附加层的基重(从材料说明书或单独确定),以便可以从样品中减去它们的重量。
对于来自大的芯的每个样品计算基重(g/m2):
(样品重量(g))/(样品面积(0.001m2))
计算60个样品系列的(算术)平均基重(g/m2),并且然后计算该系列的标准差:
Figure BDA0002662165100000141
其中,x是独立样品的基重,
Figure BDA0002662165100000142
是算术平均值,并且N是样品的数量(计数60)。
最后,通过将标准差除以平均值计算变化系数(CV)。以百分比(%)表示比率。
用于测量保留容量的均匀性的方法
该测试评估吸收性组件的前区和背区中的保留容量的均匀性,指示超吸收性聚合物的分布。为此目的,使用在基重均匀性测试(如上所述)中使用的相同的60个样品。
由于常规的超吸收性聚合物比纤维素纤维吸收多得多,因此在CRC测试(离心保留容量)中已发现了合适的测试方法。该方法在工业中是众所周知的,并且从EDANA或INDA在以下全称标准程序下可获得:NWSP241.0.R2(15),标题为“聚丙烯酸酯超吸收性粉末——通过离心后的重量测量确定盐溶液中的流体保留容量。
样品被放置在可密封的非织造袋中,并且样品然后被浸没在0.9%NaCl溶液中30分钟。样品此后以250g的力被离心以除去间质流体(interstitial fluid),在此之后确定g/g吸收性和g/样品吸收性,即g/10cm2吸收性。
g/g吸收性=(最终样品重量–初始样品重量)/初始样品重量
g/10cm2吸收性=最终样品重量–初始样品重量
技术人员可以容易地将测试采用到来自芯的20×50mm切出物(excision)。然而,注意到必须使用较大的非织造袋来容纳较大的芯样品。仅芯组分(常规地是纤维素浆和超吸收剂)被包括在g/g吸收性计算中。如果其大致上是非吸收性的(诸如聚烯烃或聚酯膜或纤维),则任何附加层(诸如顶片或背片)仅可被包括为与芯样品一起,并且然后在所有样品重量确定中应减去其干重。在测试之前,必须去除含有吸收性材料(例如粘胶或棉纤维)的附加层。
计算来自芯的60个样品的系列中的g/g吸收性和g/10cm2的变化系数(CV)。计算原理与基重均匀性测试中的原理相同。
吸收性组件的总保留容量
吸收性组件的保留容量可以容易地遵循CRC测试(离心保留容量)的原理进行评估。该方法在工业中是众所周知的,并且从EDANA或INDA在以下全名标准程序下可获得:NWSP 241.0.R2(15)。聚丙烯酸酯超吸收性粉末——通过离心后的重量测量确定盐溶液中的流体保留容量。然而,该测试是针对小样品设计的,并且如下所述,为了评估整个吸收性组件,一些修改是必要的。
将用于测试的尿布从其包装移出、展开并在设定为23℃和50%相对湿度的稳定实验室环境中裸露铺设48小时。测试是在该相同环境中执行的。
使用一把剪刀或手术刀分离吸收性组件。当心使得没有超吸收性颗粒逸出。称重组件,并且然后将其放置在由非织造或织造幅材(合适的幅材特性在标准NWSP 241.0.R2中被描述)制成的袋中。然后使用热封机密封袋。(在吸收性组件不实际地大的情况下,则其当然可以被拆分成较小的部分,然后将其相应的吸收性相加。)将袋浸没在3升的0.9%NaCl溶液中(对每个独立样品更换溶液),并且让其吸收30分钟。然后将组件以250g的力离心3分钟。最后减去干燥组件和袋的重量。这样保留的盐溶液的量表明吸收性组件的总保留容量。
也可以单独在中央区(Rc)或其它相关区上执行测试。在这种情况下,使用一把剪刀或手术刀小心地将该区切割松开。为了将中央区(Rc)容量与整个吸收性组件的容量进行比较,为每个保留确定使用10个代表性尿布,并计算相应的算术平均值之间的比率(以百分比)。
示例
根据NSWP 070.9.R1(15)中描述的方法,评估对于两个不同的成人打开式尿布的两个液体采集特性:采集率(ROA)和再润湿性。
如图1所示,根据本公开的产品1具有顶片和采集层材料,顶片是经亲水处理的15g/m2纺粘非织造物,其从Berry North America以B0305-5商业可获得,采集层材料是通气结合的聚酯基非织造物,其具有约50g/m2的基重以及约1mm的厚度,其从Berry Italy以B5商业可获得。
产品2根据相同的规格,除了采集层材料被交换为具有26g/m2的基重的穿孔膜,其从Tredegar Film Products以AquiDry Plus 120-35490商业可获得,并且因此不是根据本公开。
测试的结果如下:
ROA(5个的平均) 再润湿性(5个的平均)
产品1 47.60s 0.09g
产品2(参照物) 65.20s 0.12g
如从该结果可以看出,根据本公开的顶片和采集层材料的组合与参照物相比提供较快速的采集率和较低的再润湿性。

Claims (13)

1.一次性吸收性卫生产品(1),其包括主体部分(10),所述主体部分(10)具有旨在面向使用者的身体的面向身体表面和旨在背离使用者的身体的面向衣服表面,所述主体部分包括在所述面向身体表面处的液体可透的顶片(11)、在所述面向衣服表面处的液体不可透的背片(12)以及布置在所述顶片与所述背片之间的吸收性组件(13),主体部分具有具有前端(14)和背端(15),并且限定出从所述前端朝向所述背端的纵向方向(L)以及限定出垂直于所述纵向方向的横向方向(T),其中所述吸收性组件(13)被两条假想的横向延伸线(T1,T2)划分为:朝向所述前端的前区(Rf),其具有所述吸收性组件的纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;朝向所述背端的背区(Rb),其具有所述吸收性组件的纵向长度的从10%至40%的纵向长度;以及在所前区与所述背区之间的中央区(Rc),其中在所述前区和背区中,所述吸收性组件包括可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维,所述吸收性组件具有基于纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的总重量的从0至30重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,以及从50至200g/m2的纤维素纤维基重;并且其中所述中央区提供所述吸收性组件的总保留容量的从70%至100%,其中所述液体可透的顶片材料包括亲水处理的聚丙烯纺粘非织造物或纺粘/熔喷复合非织造物,其具有从8至20g/m2的基重;并且其中采集层材料被提供为夹在所述顶片与所述吸收性组件之间,所述采集层材料是通气结合的非织造物,如根据方法NWSP120.6、选项A在0.5kPa压力下测量的,其具有从40至60g/m2的基重和至少0.9mm的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产品,其中所述采集层材料包括聚酯纤维。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中所述采集层材料包括两个或更多类型的纤维的共混物,其中基于所述采集层材料的总重量的从40至60重量%是聚酯螺旋卷曲纤维,并且其中基于所述采集层材料的总重量的从30至60重量%是聚酯双组分纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的产品,其中所述聚酯螺旋卷曲纤维包括中空螺旋卷曲纤维。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中所述采集层材料完全位于所述中央区的区域内。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中所述顶片材料借助于表面活性剂涂层进行亲水处理。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中如根据NSWP070.3.R0(15)测量的,所述顶片具有至多7秒的透湿时间。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中所述吸收性组件包括:第一吸收芯,其包括可选地与超吸收性聚合物混合的纤维素纤维,所述第一吸收芯具有从0至30重量%的超吸收性聚合物浓度,并且具有从50至200g/m2的纤维素纤维基重,所述第一芯在所述吸收性组件的全部纵向长度之上延伸;以及第二吸收芯,其位于所述中央区中并且与所述第一吸收芯处于堆叠关系。
9.根据权利要求8所述的产品,其中所述采集层材料完全位于所述第二吸收芯的区域内。
10.根据权利要求8至9中任一项所述的产品,其中所述第二吸收芯位于所述第一吸收芯与所述背片之间,或者,其中所述第二吸收芯位于所述第一吸收芯与所述顶片之间。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的产品,其中所述第一吸收芯中的超吸收性聚合物浓度为至少5重量%。
12.根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的产品,其中所述第二芯包括纤维素纤维和超吸收性聚合物的混合物,所述第二芯具有从20至70%的超吸收性聚合物浓度并且具有从250至500g/m2的纤维素纤维基重。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的产品,其中所述吸收性组件具有从500至1000mm的纵向长度(Labs)以及从200至450mm的横向宽度(Wabs)。
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