CN111796408A - Filling type Fresnel condenser - Google Patents

Filling type Fresnel condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111796408A
CN111796408A CN202010742524.3A CN202010742524A CN111796408A CN 111796408 A CN111796408 A CN 111796408A CN 202010742524 A CN202010742524 A CN 202010742524A CN 111796408 A CN111796408 A CN 111796408A
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plate
lens
filled
fresnel
transparent liquid
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肖君
曹云
韩利峰
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0009Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a filling type Fresnel condenser, which comprises an incidence plate and a plurality of lens threads, wherein the incidence plate is made of transparent materials; the lens thread is made of transparent materials, the lens thread is attached to one surface of the incident plate, an accommodating space is formed between the lens thread and the incident plate, transparent liquid is filled in the accommodating space, and the transmissivity of the transparent liquid is larger than 80%. According to the Fresnel condenser, the hollow accommodating space is formed inside the lens thread and is filled with the transparent liquid, and the transparent liquid is used for replacing a transparent material as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be reduced; particularly, when the size of the Fresnel condenser is larger, the manufacturing bottleneck of the large-size Fresnel condenser is solved; when the Fresnel condenser is applied to the field of solar heat utilization, the size limitation of the conventional solar condenser can be broken through, and the bottleneck of large-scale application of the Fresnel condenser in the field of solar heat utilization is solved.

Description

Filling type Fresnel condenser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar condensation, and particularly relates to a Fresnel condenser.
Background
Solar energy is a clean, pollution-free and renewable energy source which is free from exhaustion danger and can be widely obtained, and the utilization research of solar energy is widely concerned in the global scope. Solar concentrators are key devices for collecting solar energy resources and are generally classified into reflective concentrators and transmissive concentrators. The reflection-type condenser comprises a tower-type heliostat, a groove-type condenser, a disc-type condenser and a reflection line phenanthrene condenser, and the transmission-type condenser mainly refers to a Fresnel (Fresnel) lens. The Fresnel lens is invented in 1822 by Austestin Jean Fresnel of French physicist, and adopts a plurality of coaxially or parallelly arranged prism sequences to form a discontinuous curved surface to replace a continuous spherical surface of a common lens, and is usually made of toughened glass or transparent organic materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and has the unique advantages of high light transmittance, light weight, easy mass production, low cost, simple structure and the like. As described in chinese patent CN200920004742.6, the fresnel condenser has a wide application prospect in the solar heat utilization field and the concentrating photovoltaic field.
The traditional flat-plate Fresnel lens is generally designed based on the imaging optical principle, and approximately parallel sunlight is refracted by the Fresnel lens and then converged at a focus. According to different focusing modes, the Fresnel lens can be divided into a line focusing Fresnel lens and a point focusing Fresnel lens, the light condensation ratio of the line focusing Fresnel lens can reach about 100, and the light condensation ratio of the point focusing Fresnel lens can usually reach 300-1000 or even higher. In the practical application process, in order to improve the light-gathering performance of the fresnel lens, a special surface-shaped fresnel lens is developed, for example, as described in chinese patent CN201610439275.4, a curved surface fresnel lens light-gathering device is introduced; as described in chinese patent CN201320633728.9, the shape of the fresnel prism is changed, and the upper end surface of the fresnel condensing unit is changed to be composed of an arc section and a linear transition section. On the other hand, in order to improve the light intensity distribution of the focal plane, researchers add a secondary light-condensing element to the fresnel condenser in the actual design, and as described in chinese patent CN200920139291.7, the secondary fresnel lens is used to shape the light spot focused by the primary fresnel lens, so that the final light spot is approximated to a parallel light beam. Another approach is to implement a multi-focus design, as described in chinese patent CN201420181524.0, a fresnel lens system with superposed focuses is composed of two or more fresnel lenses.
As commercialization of solar thermal utilization advances, the size of a single fresnel concentrator is required to be larger in order to obtain higher concentration ratios and incident power. However, as the aperture of the fresnel condenser is increased, the pitch of the lens threads is also increased, the thickness of the single lens thread is increased, the more material is used, and the cost is increased finally. The higher cost in turn limits the large-scale popularization and application of the transmission type Fresnel condenser in the solar heat utilization industry. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a cheaper fresnel concentrator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, after the aperture of a Fresnel condenser is increased, the material consumption is increased and the cost is greatly increased, and provides a filling type Fresnel condenser.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a filling type Fresnel condenser, comprising:
an incident plate made of a transparent material;
the lens threads are made of transparent materials and attached to one surface of the incident plate, an accommodating space is formed between the lens threads and the incident plate, transparent liquid is filled in the accommodating space, and the transmissivity of the transparent liquid is larger than 80%.
In the technical scheme, after passing through the incident plate, incident light is refracted by the lens threads and the transparent liquid to be changed into refracted light, the refracted light is focused on the focal plane receiving target, and the transparent liquid is used for replacing a transparent material as a light-transmitting medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be reduced; especially when the size of the Fresnel condenser is large, the transparent liquid is used for replacing a transparent material to serve as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be greatly reduced, the manufacturing method is simple, the practicability is high, and the manufacturing bottleneck of the large-size Fresnel condenser is solved.
Preferably, the lens thread comprises a vertical plate and a refraction plate, the accommodating space is defined by the vertical plate, the refraction plate and the incidence plate, and the inclined angle of the inclined edge between the refraction plate and the incidence plate is an acute angle.
In the technical scheme, after passing through the incidence plate, the incident light is refracted by the transparent liquid and the refraction plate to become refracted light, and is focused on the focal plane receiving target.
Preferably, the vertical plate and the incidence plate form a right angle.
In this technical scheme, be the right angle between vertical board and the incident plate, make vertical board not influence the refraction effect of transparent liquid and refraction board.
Preferably, the lens thread and the incidence plate are bonded through glass cement.
In the technical scheme, the transparent glass cement is used as the adhesive to bond the lens thread with the incident plate, so that the adhesive does not influence the focusing effect of light.
Preferably, a plurality of the lens threads are symmetrically distributed by taking the central symmetry plane as a symmetry center.
In the technical scheme, the plurality of lens threads are symmetrically distributed by taking the central symmetry plane as a symmetry center, so that the plurality of lens threads can form line focusing on the focal plane receiving target by incident light.
Preferably, the lens thread includes a refraction plate, a slope angle of a hypotenuse between the refraction plate and the incidence plate is θ,
Figure BDA0002607219890000031
wherein r is a distance from the central symmetry plane to an optical axis of the lens thread, n1Is the refractive index of the transparent liquid, n3Is the refractive index of air;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002607219890000032
f is the focal length of the Fresnel condenser, ynIs the maximum height of the refraction plate along the direction perpendicular to the incidence plate.
In the technical scheme, the inclination angle theta of the bevel edge of the lens thread meeting the conditions enables the plurality of lens threads to focus incident light on the focal plane receiving target to form line focus.
Preferably, the transparent liquid is purified water or deionized water.
In the technical scheme, the pure water or the deionized water has high transmittance and low cost, and is an excellent choice as the transparent liquid.
Preferably, the material of the incident plate and/or the lens thread is tempered glass or polymethyl methacrylate.
In the technical scheme, the incident plate and the lens thread made of tempered glass or polymethyl methacrylate are not only transparent, but also have higher strength and low cost, and are a better choice for manufacturing the incident plate and the lens thread.
Preferably, the incident plate or the lens thread is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is communicated with the accommodating space.
In the technical scheme, the liquid injection hole is used for injecting transparent liquid into the accommodating space at the initial operation stage of the condenser and supplementing the transparent liquid in time due to volatilization of the transparent liquid in operation; meanwhile, the liquid injection hole can eliminate the stress between the transparent liquid and the lens thread, which is generated when the environmental temperature changes due to the difference of the thermal expansion rates of the transparent liquid and the lens thread; and, can discharge transparent liquid through annotating the liquid hole when the weather is cold, prevent that transparent liquid from freezing and damaging the spotlight ware.
Preferably, the fresnel condenser further comprises a hole plug, the hole plug is detachably connected with the liquid injection hole, and the hole plug is used for plugging the liquid injection hole.
In this technical scheme, the stopple is used for blockking up notes liquid hole to prevent transparent liquid's overflow.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the filling type Fresnel condenser, the hollow accommodating space is formed inside the lens threads, the transparent liquid is filled, and the transparent liquid is used for replacing a transparent material as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be reduced; particularly, when the Fresnel condenser is large in size, the transparent liquid is used for replacing a transparent material to serve as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be greatly reduced, the manufacturing method is simple, the practicability is high, and the manufacturing bottleneck of a large-size Fresnel condenser is solved; when the Fresnel condenser is applied to the field of solar heat utilization, the size limitation of the conventional solar condenser can be broken through, and the bottleneck of large-scale application of the Fresnel condenser in the field of solar heat utilization is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a filling type fresnel condenser according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens thread of the filling type fresnel condenser shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the design principle of the filling type fresnel condenser of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
Incident plate 1
Lens thread 2
Vertical plate 21
Refracting plate 22
Accommodating space 3
Transparent liquid 4
Liquid injection hole 5
Hole plug 6
Incident light 100
Refracted light 200
Focal plane receiving target 300
Central symmetry plane 400
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a filling type fresnel condenser, which includes an incident plate 1 and a plurality of lens threads 2, wherein the incident plate 1 is made of a transparent material, the lens threads 2 are attached to a surface of the incident plate 1, a receiving space 3 is formed between the lens threads 2 and the incident plate 1, a transparent liquid 4 is filled in the receiving space 3, and the transmittance of the transparent liquid 4 is greater than 80%.
The incident light 100 passes through the incident plate 1, is refracted by the lens thread 2 and the transparent liquid 4, becomes refracted light 200, and is focused on the focal plane receiving target 300. The hollow accommodating space 3 is formed inside the lens thread 2, the transparent liquid 4 is filled in the accommodating space, and the transparent liquid 4 is used for replacing a transparent material as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be reduced. Especially when the size of the Fresnel condenser is large, the transparent liquid 4 is used for replacing a transparent material to serve as a light transmission medium, so that the production cost of the Fresnel condenser can be greatly reduced, the manufacturing method is simple, the practicability is high, and the manufacturing bottleneck of the large-size Fresnel condenser is solved. When the Fresnel condenser is applied to the field of solar heat utilization, the size limitation of the conventional solar condenser can be broken through, and the bottleneck of large-scale application of the Fresnel condenser in the field of solar heat utilization is solved.
The transparent liquid 4 can be pure water, deionized water or other transparent liquid with high transmissivity, no toxicity, no harm, difficult volatilization and low cost. Among them, pure water and deionized water have high transmittance and low cost, and are an excellent choice as the transparent liquid 4.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the lens thread 2 includes a vertical plate 21 and a refraction plate 22, the accommodation space 3 is defined by the vertical plate 21, the refraction plate 22 and the incident plate 1, and an inclination angle of a hypotenuse formed between the refraction plate 22 and the incident plate 1 is an acute angle. After passing through the incident plate 1, the incident light 100 is refracted by the transparent liquid 4 and the refraction plate 22 to become refracted light 200, and is focused on the focal plane receiving target 300. The vertical plate 21 and the incident plate 1 form a right angle therebetween, so that the vertical plate 21 does not affect the refraction effects of the transparent liquid 4 and the refraction plate 22.
The vertical plate 21 and the refraction plate 22 are arranged, so that the cross section of the lens thread 2 is in a right triangle shape. The vertical plate 21 and the refraction plate 22 can be bonded through glass cement, and the vertical plate 21, the refraction plate 22 and the incidence plate 1 can also be bonded through glass cement. The vertical plate 21 and the refraction plate 22 are bonded with the incident plate 1 by using transparent glass cement as an adhesive, so that the adhesive does not influence the focusing effect of light.
The material of the incident plate 1 may be tempered glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or other transparent organic materials. The material of the lens thread 2, i.e. the vertical plate 21 and the refraction plate 22, may also be tempered glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or other transparent organic materials.
The end of the lens thread 2 is sealed by an end plate, which is also made of a transparent material, so that the receiving space inside the lens thread 2 forms a seal for storing a transparent liquid 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the plurality of lens threads 2 are symmetrically distributed with the central symmetry plane 400 as a center of symmetry, so that the plurality of lens threads 2 form a line focus of the incident light 100 on the focal plane receiving target 300.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inclined angle of the inclined side between the refraction plate 22 and the incidence plate 1 is θ, and the inclined angle of the inclined side θ of each lens thread 2 of the fresnel concentrator is different, and the inclined angle of the inclined side θ of the lens thread 2 is determined by the distance from the lens thread 2 to the central symmetry plane 400. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of calculating the inclined angle θ of the inclined edge of the lens thread 2 of the fresnel condenser according to the present invention. Let the inclination angle of the oblique side between the refraction plate 22 and the incident plate 1 be theta, and let the refractive index of the transparent liquid 4 be n1The refractive index of the incident plate 1 and the lens thread 2 is n2Refractive index of air n3. As shown in fig. 3, the dashed line is the interface normal. At the interface of the transparent liquid 4 and the refracting plate 22, α1Is an angle of incidence, α2For the exit angle, according to the law of refraction:
Figure BDA0002607219890000071
in a refracting plate 22 andinterface of air, alpha2Is an angle of incidence, α3For the exit angle, according to the law of refraction:
Figure BDA0002607219890000072
according to the geometrical relationship in fig. 3, there are:
α1=θ (3)
α3=α1+β (4)
wherein β is an angle between the refracted light 200 and the central symmetry plane 400. Substituting the formula (3) and the formula (4) into the formula (1) and the formula (2) has the following advantages:
n1sinθ=n3sin(θ+β) (5)
after finishing, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002607219890000081
according to the geometrical relationship in fig. 3:
Figure BDA0002607219890000082
Figure BDA0002607219890000083
wherein r is the distance from the central symmetry plane 400 of the condenser to the optical axis of the lens thread 2, h is the distance from the center of the hypotenuse of the lens thread 2 to the focal plane of the lens, and satisfies the relation:
Figure BDA0002607219890000084
where f is the focal length of the Fresnel concentrator and y isnIs the thickness of the lens thread 2, i.e. the maximum height of the refractive plate 22 in a direction perpendicular to the entrance plate 1. Formula (7) and formula (8) are substituted for formula (6) and are simplified by:
Figure BDA0002607219890000085
the inclined angle theta of the hypotenuse of the right triangular prism of any of the lens threads 2 of the fresnel concentrator described above should satisfy the above-mentioned relation (10), i.e., the inclined angle theta of the hypotenuse between the refracting plate 22 and the incident plate 1
Figure BDA0002607219890000086
Figure BDA0002607219890000087
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inlet plate 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 5, and the liquid inlet 5 communicates with the storage space 3. The liquid injection hole 5 is used for injecting the transparent liquid 4 into the accommodating space 3 at the initial stage of the operation of the condenser and for timely replenishment of the transparent liquid due to volatilization of the transparent liquid 4 during the operation. Meanwhile, the liquid injection hole 5 can eliminate the stress generated between the transparent liquid 4 and the lens thread 2 when the environmental temperature changes due to the difference of the thermal expansion rates of the transparent liquid 4 and the lens thread 2. In addition, the transparent liquid 4 can be discharged through the liquid injection hole 5 in cold weather, so that the condenser is prevented from being damaged due to icing of the transparent liquid 4.
The Fresnel condenser further comprises a hole plug 6, the hole plug 6 is detachably connected with the liquid injection hole 5, and the hole plug 6 is used for blocking the liquid injection hole 5, so that the transparent liquid 4 is prevented from overflowing.
In this embodiment, since the accommodation spaces 3 of the plurality of lens threads 2 communicate with each other, only one liquid injection hole 5 is provided in the incidence plate 1. In other embodiments, if the accommodating spaces 3 of the lens threads 2 form independent spaces, a plurality of liquid injection holes 5 may be provided corresponding to the independent spaces.
The liquid inlet 5 is not limited to being provided in the incident plate 1, and may be provided in the vertical plate 21 and the refraction plate 22 of the lens screw 2. The position of the liquid injection hole 5 is arranged, and can be adjusted according to the actual liquid injection requirement.
In the present embodiment, the plurality of lens threads 2 are symmetrically distributed with the central symmetry plane 400 as a center of symmetry, so that the plurality of lens threads 2 form a line focus of the incident light 100 on the focal plane receiving target 300. In other embodiments, the plurality of lens threads 2 may be symmetrically distributed about the central axis, such that the plurality of lens threads 2 focus the incident light 100 on the focal plane receiving target 300. The calculation method of the hypotenuse inclination angle θ of the point-focused lens thread 2 is the same as that of the present embodiment.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A filled fresnel concentrator, comprising:
an incident plate made of a transparent material;
the lens threads are made of transparent materials and attached to one surface of the incident plate, an accommodating space is formed between the lens threads and the incident plate, transparent liquid is filled in the accommodating space, and the transmissivity of the transparent liquid is larger than 80%.
2. The filled-type fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the lens thread comprises a vertical plate and a refraction plate, the accommodation space is enclosed by the vertical plate, the refraction plate and the incidence plate, and the inclination angle of the oblique side between the refraction plate and the incidence plate is an acute angle.
3. The filled-type fresnel concentrator of claim 2, wherein the vertical plate is at a right angle to the entrance plate.
4. The filled-type fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the lens threads are bonded to the entrance plate by glass cement.
5. The filled fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lens threads are symmetrically distributed about a central symmetry plane.
6. The filled-type Fresnel concentrator according to claim 5, wherein the lens threads comprise a refracting plate, the inclination of the hypotenuse between the refracting plate and the entrance plate is θ,
Figure FDA0002607219880000011
Figure FDA0002607219880000012
wherein r is a distance from the central symmetry plane to an optical axis of the lens thread, n1Is the refractive index of the transparent liquid, n3Is the refractive index of air;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002607219880000013
f is the focal length of the Fresnel condenser, ynIs the maximum height of the refraction plate along the direction perpendicular to the incidence plate.
7. The filled fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the transparent liquid is purified water or deionized water.
8. The filled-type fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the incident plate and/or the lens threads are made of tempered glass or polymethyl methacrylate.
9. The filled-type fresnel concentrator according to claim 1, wherein the incident plate or the lens thread is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is communicated with the accommodating space.
10. The filled-type fresnel concentrator of claim 9, further comprising a plug removably connected to the liquid injection hole, the plug for plugging the liquid injection hole.
CN202010742524.3A 2020-07-29 2020-07-29 Filling type Fresnel condenser Pending CN111796408A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113467063A (en) * 2021-07-04 2021-10-01 华北电力大学 Integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser, system and light energy regulation and control method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5623666A (en) * 1979-07-31 1981-03-06 Shigeyuki Yasuda Solar heat collector utilizing liquid fresnel lens
CN101076745A (en) * 2005-01-25 2007-11-21 罗伯托·桑坦德塞尔韦尔 Liquid solar lens
CN101087112A (en) * 2006-06-11 2007-12-12 邓运明 A solar light convergence power generation device
CN201892752U (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-07-06 阮立山 Water lens
CN203178507U (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-09-04 冯冲 Solar light collecting lens

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5623666A (en) * 1979-07-31 1981-03-06 Shigeyuki Yasuda Solar heat collector utilizing liquid fresnel lens
CN101076745A (en) * 2005-01-25 2007-11-21 罗伯托·桑坦德塞尔韦尔 Liquid solar lens
CN101087112A (en) * 2006-06-11 2007-12-12 邓运明 A solar light convergence power generation device
CN201892752U (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-07-06 阮立山 Water lens
CN203178507U (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-09-04 冯冲 Solar light collecting lens

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113467063A (en) * 2021-07-04 2021-10-01 华北电力大学 Integrated liquid filling spectral filtering condenser, system and light energy regulation and control method thereof
CN113467063B (en) * 2021-07-04 2023-10-31 华北电力大学 Integrated liquid filling spectrum filtering condenser, system and optical energy regulating and controlling method thereof

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Application publication date: 20201020