CN112444894B - Discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser - Google Patents

Discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser Download PDF

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CN112444894B
CN112444894B CN202011342709.1A CN202011342709A CN112444894B CN 112444894 B CN112444894 B CN 112444894B CN 202011342709 A CN202011342709 A CN 202011342709A CN 112444894 B CN112444894 B CN 112444894B
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肖君
曹云
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
    • G02B3/0043—Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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Abstract

The invention discloses a discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser which comprises a support frame and a plurality of triangular prisms, wherein the support frame is provided with an inwards-recessed mounting surface, the cross section of the mounting surface of the support frame is an arc line, and the plane of the arc line is vertical to the focal line of the condenser; the triangular prism is made of transparent materials and is provided with three edges, the three edges are respectively a first edge, a second edge and a third edge, the first edge and the second edge are installed on the installation surface of the support frame, the edges of the triangular prism are parallel to the focal line of the condenser, and the triangular prisms are arranged in a row at equal intervals. According to the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser, the plurality of discrete triangular prisms are arranged according to a preset rule, so that a better condensing effect is achieved; the independent dispersed triangular prism has simple manufacture and low cost, thereby reducing the manufacture difficulty and the manufacture cost of the whole Fresnel condenser.

Description

Discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser
Technical Field
The invention relates to a discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser.
Background
Solar concentrators are key devices for collecting solar energy resources and are generally classified into reflective concentrators and transmissive concentrators. Reflective concentrators are commonly used, such as spherical mirrors, heliostats, trough parabolic mirrors, dish rotating parabolic mirrors, etc., while transmissive concentrators are primarily referred to as Fresnel (Fresnel) lenses. The Fresnel lens adopts a discontinuous curved surface formed by a plurality of coaxially arranged or parallel arranged sawtooth prisms to replace a continuous spherical surface of a common lens. The sawtooth prism is usually made of toughened glass or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other transparent organic materials, and has the unique advantages of high light transmittance, light weight, easiness in mass production, low cost, simple structure and the like.
The traditional flat-plate Fresnel lens is generally designed based on the imaging optical principle, and approximately parallel sunlight is refracted by the Fresnel lens and then converged at a focus. In the practical application process, in order to improve the light-gathering performance of the Fresnel lens, a Fresnel lens with a special surface shape is developed. As described in chinese patent CN201610439275.4, a curved fresnel lens concentrator is introduced; also as in the literature, "zheng hongfei, maxinglong, chen jiaxiang", cylindrical surface fresnel lens solar energy collection system research, engineering thermal physics report, 2016, 37 (11): 2277-. Although the Fresnel lens with a special surface shape improves the light-gathering performance of the lens, the complicated structure brings difficulties to processing and manufacturing. As described in chinese patent No. cn200810051305.x, fresnel concentrators are generally manufactured by injection molding of glass or plexiglass. The Fresnel lens is an optical device, so that the requirement on the accuracy of the surface shape is high, and the complicated structure not only increases the difficulty of processing and manufacturing, but also increases the cost of a die, thereby preventing the large-scale popularization and application of the Fresnel condenser. Therefore, it is an urgent and practical requirement to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing the fresnel condenser with a special surface shape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the processing and manufacturing difficulty of a special-surface-shaped Fresnel condenser is high in the prior art, and provides a discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser, which comprises:
the supporting frame is provided with an inwards-recessed mounting surface, the cross section of the mounting surface of the supporting frame is an arc line, and the arc line is perpendicular to a focal line of the condenser;
the triangular prisms are made of transparent materials and are provided with three edges which are respectively a first edge, a second edge and a third edge, the first edge and the second edge are installed on the installation surface of the support frame, the edges of the triangular prisms are parallel to the focal line of the condenser, and the triangular prisms are arranged in a row at equal intervals;
establishing a coordinate system by taking the circle center of the arc line as a coordinate origin, wherein the Y-axis direction is the optical axis direction of the condenser, the X-axis direction is vertical to the Y-axis direction, and the XY plane is vertical to the focal line of the condenser; a first coordinate point D is formed on the XY plane by the first edge of the triangular prism, a second coordinate point E is formed on the XY plane by the second edge of the triangular prism, and a third coordinate point B is formed on the XY plane by the third edge of the triangular prism; the second coordinate point E is closer to the Y-axis than the first coordinate point D;
the first coordinate point D of the ith triangular prism has the coordinates of
Figure BDA0002798965540000021
The second coordinate point E of the ith triangular prism has the coordinates of
Figure BDA0002798965540000022
The coordinate of the third coordinate point B of the ith triangular prism is
Figure BDA0002798965540000023
Figure BDA0002798965540000024
Figure BDA0002798965540000031
Figure BDA0002798965540000032
Wherein r is the radius of an arc line, mu is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to a first coordinate point D and a second coordinate point E of a preset triangular prism, gamma is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to the interval between two preset triangular prisms, and theta is the relative angle between the connecting line of a third coordinate point B and the first coordinate point D of the calculated triangular prism and the X axis
Figure BDA0002798965540000033
Wherein alpha 'is an included angle between the first-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, beta' is an included angle between the second-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, and n is a refractive index of the triangular prism material.
Preferably, the radius r of the arc line ranges from 0.5 m to 4m, the angle μ of the arc line segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism ranges from 0.5 degree to 5 degrees, and the angle γ of the arc line segment corresponding to the interval between two preset adjacent triangular prisms ranges from 0.1 degree to 1 degree.
Preferably, the radius r of the arc is 1.5m, the angle μ of the arc segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism is 2 °, and the angle γ of the arc segment corresponding to the interval between two preset triangular prisms is 0.2 °.
Preferably, the number of the triangular prisms is 40, the width of the support frame along the X-axis direction is 2m, the length of the support frame along the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is 1m, and the material of the triangular prisms is polymethyl methacrylate with the refractive index of 1.49;
the condenser also comprises a receiving target, and the focal line of the condenser is positioned on the receiving target; the width of the receiving target in the X-axis direction was 100mm, and the length of the receiving target in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane was 1 m.
Preferably, the number of the triangular prisms is 10 to 200.
Preferably, the width of the support frame along the X-axis direction is 1-6 m, and the length of the support frame along the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is 0.5-6 m.
Preferably, the support frame comprises a plurality of arc-shaped ribs, and the arc-shaped ribs are arranged in a plane perpendicular to a focal line of the condenser.
Preferably, the triangular prism is made of tempered glass or polymethyl methacrylate.
Preferably, the condenser further comprises a receiving target, and the focal line of the condenser is positioned on the receiving target; the width of the receiving target along the X-axis direction is 50-200 mm, and the length of the receiving target along the direction vertical to the XY plane is 0.5-6 m.
Preferably, a plurality of the triangular prisms are symmetrically distributed by taking the Y axis as a symmetrical line.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser, the plurality of discrete triangular prisms are arranged according to the designed rule, so that a good condensing effect is achieved; the independent dispersed triangular prism has simple manufacture and low cost, thereby reducing the manufacture difficulty and the manufacture cost of the whole Fresnel condenser.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structural principle of the discrete splicing type fresnel condenser of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the discrete splicing type fresnel condenser shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a calculation principle of a triangular prism of the discrete splicing type fresnel condenser shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of region a of the discrete tiled fresnel concentrator shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an optical model diagram of light ray tracing of embodiment 1 of the discrete splicing type fresnel condenser of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of spot fluence on a simulated acceptance target of example 1 of a discrete tiled fresnel concentrator of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
Support frame 1
Mounting surface 11
Arc rib 12
Triangular prism 2
First edge 21
Second edge 22
Third ridge 23
Incident sunlight 3
Condenser optical axis 4
Refracting sunlight 5
Receiving target 6
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a discrete splicing type fresnel condenser, which comprises a support frame 1 and a plurality of triangular prisms 2, wherein the support frame 1 is provided with an inward concave mounting surface 11, the cross section of the mounting surface 11 of the support frame 1 is an arc line, and the plane of the arc line is perpendicular to the focal line of the condenser; the triangular prism 2 is made of transparent materials, the triangular prism 2 is provided with three edges which are a first edge 21, a second edge 22 and a third edge 23 respectively, the first edge 21 and the second edge 22 are installed on the installation surface 11 of the support frame 1, the edges of the triangular prism 2 are parallel to the focal line of the condenser, and a plurality of triangular prisms 2 are arranged in a row at equal intervals.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, when several discrete triangular prisms 2 are used to splice a fresnel concentrator, the relative positions of the triangular prisms 2 should satisfy the following conditions:
establishing a coordinate system by taking the circle center of the arc line as a coordinate origin, wherein the Y-axis direction is the direction of an optical axis 4 of the condenser, the X-axis direction is vertical to the Y-axis direction, and the XY plane is vertical to the focal line of the condenser; the first edge 21 of the triangular prism 2 forms a first coordinate point D on the XY plane, the second edge 22 of the triangular prism 2 forms a second coordinate point E on the XY plane, the third edge 23 of the triangular prism 2 forms a third coordinate point B on the XY plane, and the second coordinate point E is closer to the Y axis than the first coordinate point D;
fig. 3 shows a triangular prism 2 on the right of the Y-axis, and the triangular prism 2 on the left of the Y-axis is symmetrical to the triangular prism 2 on the right. For the triangular prism 2 on the right of the Y axis, the coordinates of the first coordinate point D of the ith triangular prism 2 in the clockwise direction from the Y axis are
Figure BDA0002798965540000061
The coordinates of the second coordinate point E of the ith triangular prism 2 are
Figure BDA0002798965540000062
The coordinates of the third coordinate point B of the ith triangular prism 2 are
Figure BDA0002798965540000063
Figure BDA0002798965540000064
Figure BDA0002798965540000065
Figure BDA0002798965540000066
Wherein r is the radius of the arc line, μ is the angle of the arc line segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism 2, γ is the angle of the arc line segment corresponding to the interval between the two preset triangular prisms 2, and θ is the relative angle between the connection line of the third coordinate point B and the first coordinate point D of the calculated triangular prism 2 and the X axis
Figure BDA0002798965540000067
Wherein alpha 'is an included angle between the first-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, beta' is an included angle between the second-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, and n is a refractive index of the triangular prism material. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the incident sunlight 3 enters along the direction of the optical axis 4 of the condenser, is refracted twice by the triangular prism 2 to form refracted sunlight 5, and the refracted sunlight 5 converges at the focal point.
Without loss of generality, r is the radius of an arc line, μ is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to a first coordinate point D and a second coordinate point E of a preset triangular prism 2, γ is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to a preset interval between two adjacent triangular prisms 2, and θ is the calculated relative angle between the connecting line of a third coordinate point B and the first coordinate point D of the triangular prism 2 and the X axis. Let the focal length of the condenser be f, the refractive index of the material of the triangular prism 2 be n, and the refractive index of air be 1.
When the incident beam is too incident, as shown in fig. 3 and 4When the sunlight 3 enters along the optical axis 4 of the condenser, it enters the focal point a through two refractions. Point C is the point of incidence, point C is the center of the hypotenuse ED of the triangular prism 2, ω and
Figure BDA0002798965540000075
respectively, the incident angle and the exit angle of the incident sunlight 3 at the time of the first refraction, alpha and beta are respectively the incident angle and the exit angle at the time of the second refraction, and alpha 'and beta' are respectively the included angles between the first refracted ray and the second refracted ray and the vertical direction. According to the law of refraction:
Figure BDA0002798965540000071
from the simple geometrical relationships in fig. 4 are:
Figure BDA0002798965540000072
the origin of the coordinate system is O, and for the ith triangular prism 2, the coordinate expressions of the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E become:
Figure BDA0002798965540000073
Figure BDA0002798965540000074
the coordinates of the incident point C become:
Figure BDA0002798965540000081
the incidence angle omega in the first refraction and the included angle beta' between the second refraction ray and the vertical direction satisfy the relation:
Figure BDA0002798965540000082
Figure BDA0002798965540000083
from formula (1), formula (2), formula (6) and formula (7):
Figure BDA0002798965540000084
the coordinates of the third coordinate point B on the ith triangular prism 2 are:
Figure BDA0002798965540000085
so far, the coordinates of three coordinate points (point B, point D, and point E) on each triangular prism 2 can be obtained, that is, the discrete splicing type fresnel condenser can be designed and modeled.
As shown in fig. 2, the support frame 1 includes two arc ribs 12, and the arc ribs 12 are disposed in a plane perpendicular to the focal line of the condenser. The support frame 1 is provided with two parallel arc ribs 12, the width of each arc rib 12 is narrow, and the arc ribs 12 can reduce the shielding of sunlight to the maximum extent when fixing the triangular prism 2. The number of the arc ribs 12 is not limited to two as shown in fig. 2, and may be a plurality according to the actual size requirement.
The triangular prism 2 is made of tempered glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or other transparent organic materials. The triangular prism 2 made of the material has good light transmittance and low manufacturing cost.
Wherein, a plurality of triangular prisms 2 are symmetrically distributed by taking the Y axis as a symmetrical line. The triangular prism 2 is symmetrically distributed, so that the structural design of the triangular prism 2 is facilitated.
The discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser comprises the following parameters in a preferred range:
the radius r of the arc line ranges from 0.5 m to 4m, the angle mu of the arc line segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism 2 ranges from 0.5 degree to 5 degrees, and the angle gamma of the arc line segment corresponding to the interval between two preset adjacent triangular prisms 2 ranges from 0.1 degree to 1 degree.
The number of the triangular prisms 2 is 10 to 200.
When the parameters are within the range, the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser can achieve a good light condensation effect.
The width of the support frame 1 along the X-axis direction is 1-6 m, and the length of the support frame 1 along the direction vertical to the XY plane is 0.5-6 m. When the size of the support frame 1 is within the range, the light condensation effect of the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser is good.
As shown in fig. 1, the condenser further includes a receiving target 6, and the focal line of the condenser is located on the receiving target 6; the width of the receiving target 6 in the X-axis direction is 50 to 200mm, and the length of the receiving target 6 in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is 0.5 to 6 m. When the size of the receiving target 6 is within the above range, the receiving target 6 has a good effect of receiving light.
Example 1
Based on the design theory method, the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser with the focal length of 2m is designed. The discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser is subjected to optical modeling through optical simulation software TracePro, and the light spot condition of the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser on a focal plane is simulated by a Monte-Carlo ray tracing method.
The radius r of the arc line is 1.5m, the angle mu of the arc line segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism is 2 degrees, and the angle gamma of the arc line segment corresponding to the interval between the two preset adjacent triangular prisms is 0.2 degrees.
The number of the triangular prisms is 40, the width of the support frame along the X-axis direction is 2m, the length of the support frame along the direction vertical to the XY plane is 1m, and the triangular prisms are made of polymethyl methacrylate with the refractive index of 1.49; the width of the receiving target in the X-axis direction was 100mm, and the length of the receiving target in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane was 1 m.
Specific design structure parameters and optical simulation parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 structural and simulation parameters of discrete splicing Fresnel concentrators
Figure BDA0002798965540000101
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an optical model of the ray tracing of the discrete splicing fresnel condenser. Fig. 5 shows a simulated spot fluence distribution on the receiving target 6 for the discrete tiled fresnel concentrator described above. As can be seen from FIG. 5, for the structural parameters shown in Table 1, when sunlight is incident along the optical axis 4 of the condenser, the total power of the light spot of the receiving target on the focal plane is 1438.4W and the peak power flow is 31307W/m2The light collection efficiency was 71.9%, and the local light collection ratio reached 31.3 (as shown in fig. 6). As can be seen from the simulation result, the discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser has a good condensation effect and feasibility of engineering application.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A discrete splicing fresnel concentrator, comprising:
the supporting frame is provided with an inwards-recessed mounting surface, the cross section of the mounting surface of the supporting frame is an arc line, and the plane where the arc line is located is perpendicular to the focal line of the condenser;
the triangular prisms are made of transparent materials and are provided with three edges which are respectively a first edge, a second edge and a third edge, the first edge and the second edge are installed on the installation surface of the support frame, the edges of the triangular prisms are parallel to the focal line of the condenser, the triangular prisms are arranged in a row at equal intervals, and the triangular prisms are symmetrically distributed by taking the Y axis as a symmetrical line;
establishing a coordinate system by taking the circle center of the arc line as a coordinate origin, wherein the Y-axis direction is the optical axis direction of the condenser, the X-axis direction is vertical to the Y-axis direction, and the XY plane is vertical to the focal line of the condenser; a first coordinate point D is formed on the XY plane by the first edge of the triangular prism, a second coordinate point E is formed on the XY plane by the second edge of the triangular prism, and a third coordinate point B is formed on the XY plane by the third edge of the triangular prism; the second coordinate point E is closer to the Y-axis than the first coordinate point D;
the first coordinate point D of the ith triangular prism has the coordinates of
Figure FDA0003429988330000011
The second coordinate point E of the ith triangular prism has the coordinates of
Figure FDA0003429988330000012
The coordinate of the third coordinate point B of the ith triangular prism is
Figure FDA0003429988330000013
Figure FDA0003429988330000014
Figure FDA0003429988330000015
Figure FDA0003429988330000016
Wherein r is the radius of an arc line, mu is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to a first coordinate point D and a second coordinate point E of a preset triangular prism, gamma is the angle of an arc line segment corresponding to the interval between two preset triangular prisms, and theta is the relative angle between the connecting line of a third coordinate point B and the first coordinate point D of the calculated triangular prism and the X axis
Figure FDA0003429988330000021
Wherein alpha 'is an included angle between the first-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, beta' is an included angle between the second-time refracted ray and the vertical direction, and n is a refractive index of the triangular prism material.
2. The discrete splicing type Fresnel condenser according to claim 1, wherein the radius r of the arc line ranges from 0.5 m to 4m, the angle μ of the arc line segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the preset triangular prism ranges from 0.5 degrees to 5 degrees, and the angle γ of the arc line segment corresponding to the interval between two adjacent preset triangular prisms ranges from 0.1 degree to 1 degree.
3. The discrete splicing fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the radius r of the arc is 1.5m, the angle μ of the arc segment corresponding to the first coordinate point D and the second coordinate point E of the predetermined triangular prism is 2 °, and the angle γ of the arc segment corresponding to the interval between two adjacent predetermined triangular prisms is 0.2 °.
4. The discrete tiled fresnel concentrator of claim 3, wherein the number of the triangular prisms is 40, the support frame has a width of 2m in the X-axis direction, the support frame has a length of 1m in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane, and the triangular prisms are made of polymethylmethacrylate having a refractive index of 1.49;
the condenser also comprises a receiving target, and the focal line of the condenser is positioned on the receiving target; the width of the receiving target in the X-axis direction was 100mm, and the length of the receiving target in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane was 1 m.
5. The discrete splicing fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the number of triangular prisms is 10-200.
6. The discrete spliced Fresnel concentrator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support frame has a width in the X-axis direction of 1 to 6m and a length in the direction perpendicular to the XY plane of 0.5 to 6 m.
7. A discrete splicing fresnel concentrator as in claim 1, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of arcuate ribs disposed in a plane perpendicular to a focal line of the concentrator.
8. The discrete splicing fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the triangular prism is made of tempered glass or polymethylmethacrylate.
9. The discrete tiled fresnel concentrator of claim 1, wherein the concentrator further comprises a receiving target on which the focal line of the concentrator is located; the width of the receiving target along the X-axis direction is 50-200 mm, and the length of the receiving target along the direction vertical to the XY plane is 0.5-6 m.
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