CN111794748B - Method for cutting hard top plate by composite blasting - Google Patents
Method for cutting hard top plate by composite blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111794748B CN111794748B CN202010670578.3A CN202010670578A CN111794748B CN 111794748 B CN111794748 B CN 111794748B CN 202010670578 A CN202010670578 A CN 202010670578A CN 111794748 B CN111794748 B CN 111794748B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001203 Smallpox Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a method for cutting a hard roof by composite blasting, which solves the technical problems in the background technology and comprises the steps of drilling a drill hole at the side of a mining area of an adjacent empty roadway; sequentially putting a first boosting agent, a high-energy penetration ring and a second boosting agent into the drilled hole; leading out the detonating cord of the high-energy penetration ring, sealing the hole, and then detonating the detonating cord; horizontally moving distance towards the other end of the temporary tunnelSThereafter, the next wheel top plate cutting is performed. The method is easy to operate and low in cost, and the high-pressure gas is produced by controlling the first boosting agent, the second boosting agent and the high-energy penetration ring to promote the formation of the crack and carry out directional expansion, so that a good cutting effect can be realized, the direction of the cut crack can be well controlled, and a penetrated crack surface is formed; the direction of cutting the hard top plate is controllable, and the disturbance of surrounding rocks is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a method for cutting a hard top plate by composite blasting.
Background
The Chinese near 1/3 mining area is a hard roof mining area. And a triangular cantilever or cantilever beam structure is formed at the side of the goaf under the hard roof. The structure can extrude the roadway, so that the deformation and the damage of the empty roadway are serious, and the normal production of a coal mine is influenced. In order to control deformation and damage of the temporary roadway, the roadway deformation is usually controlled by adopting a reinforced support or hydraulic fracturing mode. The reinforcing support cost is high, the deformation of surrounding rock of a roadway is difficult to control, and the fracturing direction of hydraulic fracturing is difficult to control, so that a roof cutting method capable of actively cutting a hard roof and controlling the direction of a fracture is urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the background technology and provides a method for cutting a hard roof by composite blasting, which is used for cutting the roof and making seams of the hard roof of a coal mine.
The technical means for solving the technical problems of the invention is as follows: a method of composite blasting cutting a hard roof comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling a drill hole with the diameter D, the depth L and the inclination angle gamma at the mining area side of the near-empty roadway; the borehole diameter D is related to the coefficient of prev f of hard roof rock: when f is more than 0 and less than 3, the diameter D of the drilled hole is 40-45 mm; when f is more than or equal to 3 and less than 5, the diameter D of the drilled hole is 50-65 mm; when f is more than or equal to 5 and less than 15, the diameter D of the drilled hole is 70-80 mm; when f is larger than or equal to 15, the diameter D of the drilled hole is 80-100 mm; the diameter D of the drill hole is determined according to the Poulean coefficient f of the hard top plate rock, so that the size of a high-energy penetration ring cut seam and the effect of crack expansion of a propellant can be effectively controlled;
step two: will have a height H1Diameter D1The first boosting agent is pushed into the bottom of the drill hole, and the axis of the first boosting agent is parallel to the axis of the drill hole;
step three: then the height is H2Maximum diameter of D2The high-energy penetration ring is pushed into the drill hole, and the axis of the high-energy penetration ring is parallel to the axis of the drill hole, so that the high-energy penetration ring is contacted with the first boosting agent; height H of high energy penetration ring2In relation to the uniaxial compressive strength σ of hard roof rock: h2＝σL0/σ0In the formula σ0＝5MPa，L010mm, σ in MPa; determining the height H of the high energy penetration ring from the uniaxial compressive strength σ of hard-roof rock2The size of the high-energy penetration circular cut seam can be effectively controlled; the high-energy penetration ring is of a conventional construction, well known to those skilled in the art; the high-energy penetration rings have different heights and different specifications, the explosive quantities in the high-energy penetration rings with different specifications are different, and the explosive quantities in the high-energy penetration rings with the same specification are the same;
step four: finally, the height is H1Diameter D1The cylindrical second boosting agent is continuously pushed into the drill hole, and the axis of the second boosting agent is parallel to the axis of the drill hole, so that the second boosting agent is contacted with the high-energy penetration ring;
step five: leading out the detonating cord of the high-energy penetration ring, sealing the hole, and then detonating the detonating cord;
step six: and after horizontally moving the other end of the near-empty roadway for a distance S, repeating the first step to the fifth step, and cutting the next wheel top plate.
According to the method, the high-energy penetration ring, the first boosting agent and the second boosting agent are arranged in the drill hole, high-energy penetration ring jet flow is excited to form a crack, meanwhile, the high-energy penetration ring is exploded to excite the boosting agent to burn, high-pressure gas is produced to directionally expand the crack to form a penetrating crack surface, the direction of the cut crack can be well controlled by controlling the amount of the first boosting agent and the second boosting agent and the size of the high-energy penetration ring, and the cutting effect is good.
Preferably, the inclination angle γ of the drilled hole is 55 ° to 75 °. The angle can avoid impact load to the adjacent empty roadway in the rock stratum caving process.
Preferably, in step six, the movement distance S is related to the uniaxial compressive strength σ degree of the hard-roof rock: s is 1.5m when 0< sigma <60 MPa; when the sigma is more than or equal to 60MPa and less than 100MPa, S is 1.2 m; when the sigma is more than or equal to 100MPa, S is 1.0 m. This is to ensure that the cracks between the boreholes penetrate.
Preferably, the diameters D of the first and second boosters1And maximum outer diameter D of high-energy penetration ring2Is 2-3 mm smaller than the diameter D of the drilled hole. The purpose of the method is to ensure that the first boosting agent, the second boosting agent and the high-energy penetration ring can be smoothly pushed into the drilled hole and cannot be clamped or the drilled hole is too large to influence the cutting effect.
Preferably, the height H of the first and second boosters1Respectively, height H of the high-energy penetration ring23-4 times of the total weight of the powder. And the crack propagation effect is ensured.
Preferably, the drilling depth L reaches the middle position of the hard roof from the top surface of the adjacent empty roadway and then continues to extend H1Length of (d). This is to advanceOne step ensures that the drilling depth L reaches the hard roof, not in softer rock formations.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the operation is simple, the cost is low, the high-pressure gas is produced by controlling the amounts of the first boosting agent, the second boosting agent and the high-energy penetration ring to directionally expand the crack, the good cutting effect can be realized, the direction of the cut crack can be well controlled, and a penetrated crack surface is formed; the direction of cutting the hard top plate is controllable, and the disturbance of surrounding rocks is small.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topping layout of a method for cutting a hard roof by composite blasting according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of one half of the high-energy penetration ring model according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of two adjacent boreholes at I-I.
In the figure: 1-an adjacent empty roadway; 2-the goaf side; 3, drilling; 4-a first booster; 5-high energy penetration ring; 6-a second booster; 7-detonating cord.
Detailed Description
The method for cutting the hard top plate by the composite blasting according to the invention is explained in detail with reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3.
Example 1: a layer of hard top plate with the thickness of 6m is arranged 15m above a certain temporary roadway 1, the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the hard top plate is 80MPa, and the Pocken's coefficient f is 8, so that the method for cutting the hard top plate by composite blasting comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, drilling a drill hole 3 with the diameter D of 70mm, the depth L of 20.78m and the inclination angle gamma of 60 degrees on the goaf side 2 of the gob side entry 1; the coefficient f of the hard roof rock is 8, and the coefficient f of the hard roof rock is in the range of 5-15, so that the drilling diameter D is 70 mm;
step two: will have a height H1Is 480mm and has a diameter D1A first boosting agent 4 in a cylindrical shape of 68mm is pushed into the bottom of the borehole 3, and the axis of the first boosting agent 4 is parallel to the axis of the borehole 3;
step three: then will beHeight of H2160mm and a maximum diameter D2Pushing a high-energy penetration ring 5 with the diameter of 68mm into the drill hole 3, wherein the axis of the high-energy penetration ring 5 is parallel to the axis of the drill hole 3, and enabling the high-energy penetration ring 5 to be in contact with the first boosting agent 4; the height of the high-energy penetration ring 5 is H2Related to the uniaxial compressive strength σ of the rock, H2＝σL0/σ0In the formula σ0＝5MPa，L010mm, sigma in MPa, H280 × 10/5 ═ 160 mm; the high-energy penetration ring 5 is an existing structure, and the structure of the high-energy penetration ring 5 is shown in FIG. 2;
step four: finally, the height is H1Is 480mm and has a diameter D1The second boosting agent 6 in a cylindrical shape of 68mm continues to be pushed into the borehole 3, and the axis of the second boosting agent 6 is parallel to the axis of the borehole 3, so that the second boosting agent 6 is in contact with the high-energy penetration ring 5;
step five: leading out the detonating cord 7 of the high-energy penetration ring 5, sealing the hole, and then detonating the detonating cord 7;
step six: after moving horizontally for a distance S towards the other end of the near-empty roadway 1, wherein the S is equal to 1.2m, repeating the first step to the fifth step, and cutting a next wheel top plate; the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the hard top plate is 80MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength sigma falls in the range of more than or equal to 60MPa and less than 100MPa, so that S is 1.2 m. As shown in particular in figure 3.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cutting a hard top plate by composite blasting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling a drill hole (3) with the diameter D, the depth L and the inclination angle gamma on the goaf side (2) of the gob side entry (1); wherein the borehole (3) diameter D is related to the coefficient of prev f of hard roof rock: when f is more than 0 and less than 3, the diameter D of the drill hole (3) is 40-45 mm; when f is more than or equal to 3 and less than 5, the diameter D of the drill hole (3) is 50-65 mm; when f is more than or equal to 5 and less than 15, the diameter D of the drill hole (3) is 70-80 mm; when f is more than or equal to 15, the diameter D of the drill hole (3) is 80-100 mm;
step two: will have a height H1Diameter D1The first boosting agent (4) in a cylindrical shape is pushed into the bottom of the drill hole (3), and the axis of the first boosting agent (4) is parallel to the axis of the drill hole (3);
step three: then the height is H2Maximum outer diameter of D2The high-energy penetration ring (5) is pushed into the drill hole (3), and the axis of the high-energy penetration ring (5) is parallel to the axis of the drill hole (3), so that the high-energy penetration ring (5) is in contact with the first boosting agent (4); height H of high-energy penetration ring (5)2In relation to the uniaxial compressive strength σ of hard roof rock: h2＝σL0/σ0In the formula σ0＝5MPa，L010mm, σ in MPa;
step four: finally, the height is H1Diameter D1The second boosting agent (6) in a cylindrical shape is continuously pushed into the drill hole (3), and the axis of the second boosting agent (6) is parallel to the axis of the drill hole (3), so that the second boosting agent (6) is contacted with the high-energy penetration ring (5);
step five: leading out the detonating cord (7) of the high-energy penetration ring (5), sealing the hole, and then detonating the detonating cord (7);
step six: and after horizontally moving the other end of the near-empty roadway (1) for a distance S, repeating the first step to the fifth step, and cutting the next wheel top plate.
2. A method of composite blasting cutting of hard roof as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the inclination angle gamma of the drill hole (3) is 55-75 degrees.
3. The method for cutting the hard top plate through the composite blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step six, the moving distance S is related to the uniaxial compressive strength σ degree of the hard top plate rock: s is 1.5m when 0< sigma <60 MPa; when the sigma is more than or equal to 60MPa and less than 100MPa, S is 1.2 m; when the sigma is more than or equal to 100MPa, S is 1.0 m.
4. A method for composite blasting cutting of hard roof according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that the diameter D of the first and second boosters (4, 6)1And the maximum diameter D of the high-energy penetration ring (5)2Is 2-3 mm smaller than the diameter D of the drilling hole (3).
5. A method for cutting hard roof by composite blasting according to claim 4, characterized in that the height H of the first and second boosters (4, 6)1Respectively, the height H of the high-energy penetration ring (5)23-4 times of the total weight of the powder.
6. A method for cutting hard roof by composite blasting according to claim 5, characterized in that the depth L of the drilled hole (3) is extended from the top surface of the adjacent cavity lane (1) to the middle position of the hard roof and then extended H1Length of (d).
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| CN202010670578.3A CN111794748B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Method for cutting hard top plate by composite blasting |
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