CN110306934B - Construction method for large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of double-branch top plate - Google Patents
Construction method for large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of double-branch top plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110306934B CN110306934B CN201910589446.5A CN201910589446A CN110306934B CN 110306934 B CN110306934 B CN 110306934B CN 201910589446 A CN201910589446 A CN 201910589446A CN 110306934 B CN110306934 B CN 110306934B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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Abstract
A construction method and a matched drilling tool for a large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of a double-branch top plate are disclosed, wherein the directional long drill hole comprises a hole sealing sleeve section, a layer penetrating hole section and a double-branch extraction hole section, and the layer penetrating hole section comprises an S-shaped section track section between a working face coal seam and a top plate fracture zone. The method comprises the steps of constructing a hole sealing sleeve section, and arranging a fixing hole; then constructing a layer-penetrating hole section and a small-diameter guide hole for drilling and reaming the upper branch, and drilling and reaming a large-diameter hole; and then sidetracking and forcibly opening the small-diameter branch in the S-shaped section track section of the large-diameter through-layer hole section, constructing a guide hole and drilling and expanding a large-diameter hole. The invention can greatly reduce the number of holes, reduce the auxiliary engineering quantity, improve the comprehensive construction efficiency and the utilization rate of high-position drilling, and is beneficial to improving the pressure relief gas extraction effect. The matched drill bit is provided with sidetracking branch column teeth, the hole wall at the lower side of the large-diameter hole can be impacted and cut under the action of gravity, steps can be quickly built, and the sidetracking small-diameter branch can be hung in the air, and the function of the directional drilling process is consistent with that of a conventional directional drill bit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction method and a matched drilling tool for large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of a double-branch top plate, in particular to a construction method and a matched drilling tool for large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of a double-branch top plate, which utilize the curvature difference between an ideal hole wall section circle of a large-diameter hole and a theoretical cutting circle of a small-diameter side drilling branch drill bit, suspend side drilling in the large-diameter hole after reaming by the side drilling branch drill bit, forcibly open the small-diameter directional branch hole and ream the hole.
Background
In the working face stoping process of a mine for mining a single coal bed and coal bed groups, a large amount of pressure relief gas is released from the coal bed and adjacent layers, the gas is accumulated in a working face goaf, an upper corner and a roof crack zone, and under the influence of mining face airflow pressure fluctuation, the gas is easy to gush out to cause the gas in an air return roadway and the upper corner to exceed the limit, thereby seriously threatening the production safety of the mine and restricting the yield and efficiency increase of the mine.
The large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of the top plate is one of ideal technical means for mining pressure relief gas extraction of a working face, a drilling field is arranged in a coal roadway, a measurement while drilling instrument system and matched directional technical equipment are utilized to control a real drilling track to drill around a designed track, and the real drilling track penetrates through a coal seam top plate rock layer to enter a predicted mining fracture zone and extend along the layer. The potential advantages of mining pressure relief gas on the large-diameter high-position directional long-drill hole extraction working face of the roof are obvious: compared with the conventional high-position drilling, the method has the advantages that the effective extension distance in the target layer is long, the position is controllable, the utilization rate is high, the space hole distribution interval is uniform, and the number of drilled holes is small; compared with a high-level pumping roadway, the high-level directional long drill hole is constructed in the coal roadway, the arrangement of a drill site is flexible, the auxiliary workload of tunneling, supporting and the like is less, the construction period is short, and the comprehensive cost is low.
At present, the technology for mining pressure-relief gas on a roof high-position directional drilling extraction working face is developed rapidly and tends to gradually replace a high extraction roadway. However, because of the limitation of many factors such as the capacity of a directional drilling machine under a coal mine, the discharge capacity of a matched slurry pump (vehicle), the specification grading of a drilling tool, the strength of a drill rod and the like, the directional drilling of a top plate with a high position and a large diameter (not less than phi 153mm) can only adopt a method of 'directional pilot hole + reaming' (namely 'one hole and one reaming'), holes are distributed in a drilling group mode, namely, a pilot hole with a small diameter (not more than phi 120mm) is drilled in a directional mode to a preset design depth, the drilling tool is lifted and replaced, then the pilot hole is reamed, and finally a group of (usually 5-10) extraction holes with a large diameter (not less than phi 153mm) are constructed in one drilling site by the same method. The construction of the large-diameter high-position directional drilling of the top plate by adopting the method of one hole and one expansion only can be carried out to form a single extraction channel without branches, and the arrangement of the drilling group has the problems of more holes, large workload of hole sealing and casing pipe setting, easy channeling among holes, difficult control of hole forming quality and the like. In addition, the top plate high-position directional long drill hole is used as an extraction channel and can be subdivided into three parts, namely a hole sealing sleeve section, a layer penetrating hole section and an extraction hole section in a target layer according to the layer position relation, wherein the layer penetrating hole section is a connecting and transition section of an effective extraction hole section and the hole sealing sleeve section in the target layer, belongs to an auxiliary hole section, generally inclines upwards at a layer meeting angle of 10-30 degrees, obliquely penetrates through a stratum between a coal layer and a target fracture zone, and has the particularity: in the aspect of functions, the cross-layer hole section belongs to an auxiliary extraction channel, and the drilling footage quantity of the cross-layer hole section is as small as possible in principle; in terms of construction, the cross-layer hole section has 'nonselectivity', namely, the cross-layer hole section must pass through all strata between a coal seam and a target fracture zone; in the aspect of stability, the overall stability of the hole wall of the cross-layer hole section is poor, so that the problems that the hole wall of the cross-layer hole section is easy to collapse and block a channel, the extraction effect is influenced, the subsequent hole protection engineering amount is large and the like exist.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present inventors have conducted extensive research and design to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by designing and developing a construction method and a drilling tool for large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of a double-branch top plate, which combines experience and results of many years of related industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method and a matched drilling tool for large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of a double-branch top plate, which can effectively solve the problems that only a single extraction channel without branches can be drilled in the prior art, the number of holes is large, the workload of hole sealing, lower hole sleeve and later-stage hole protection is large, the holes in a cross-layer section are easy to communicate, the hole forming quality is difficult to control and the like under the condition of arranging drilling groups.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a construction method of a large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of a double-branch top plate, wherein the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate is a directional long drill hole constructed from a coal seam drill site of a working face to a top plate fracture zone, and comprises three parts, namely a 1-section hole sealing casing section, a 1-section layer penetrating hole section and a 2-section extraction hole section, and is characterized in that:
the hole sealing casing section is connected to the lower end of the layer penetrating hole section from a coal seam drilling field of a working face, the 2 sections of extraction hole sections are located in a top plate fracture zone and connected to the upper end of the layer penetrating hole section in a double-branch mode, the layer penetrating hole section comprises an S-shaped section track section between the coal seam of the working face and the top plate fracture zone, the S-shaped section track section comprises a monotonically increasing inclination angle section, an inflection point and a monotonically decreasing inclination angle section, the double-branch extraction hole section comprises an upper branch drilling hole expansion and a lower branch drilling hole expansion which are designed in parallel and are arranged in an upper-lower layered mode, the upper branch drilling hole expansion is coaxially connected with the layer penetrating hole section, and the lower branch drilling hole expansion is connected to a side drilling branch point of the monotonically decreasing inclination angle section of the S-shaped section;
the construction method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a hole sealing sleeve section, and arranging a fixing hole; then constructing small-diameter guide holes of a layer-penetrating hole section and an upper branch drilling and expanding hole section, and drilling and expanding to form a large-diameter layer-penetrating hole section and an upper branch extraction hole section; then, a small-diameter guide hole of a lower branch drilling and expanding section is drilled at the suspended side of the tail section of the S-shaped profile track of the large-diameter through-layer hole section, and a large-diameter lower branch extraction hole section is formed through drilling and expanding; finally, a double-branch large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole is formed.
Which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling and expanding construction of a hole sealing casing section is carried out from a coal seam drilling field of a working face, and a rotary drilling process is adopted;
step two: hole sealing is carried out on a lower pipe fixing hole of the sleeve section;
step three: carrying out measurement while drilling directional drilling on the cross-layer hole section and the small-diameter pilot hole reamed by the upper branch drill, wherein the cross-layer hole section drills along an S-shaped section track;
step four: drilling and expanding are carried out, a large-diameter layer-through hole section and an upper branch drilling and expanding hole are formed, directional hole expanding and drilling are carried out along the guide hole formed in the third step by replacing the hole expanding drilling tool assembly in the drilling and expanding process, and the hole expanding drilling tool assembly is withdrawn after the hole is expanded to the bottom of the hole;
step five: selecting a sidetracking branch point at a proper position of an S-shaped section track inclination angle single-adjustment reduction section of a large-diameter through-layer hole section, then lowering a directional drilling tool assembly with a sidetracking branch drill bit to the position of the branch point, adjusting the tool face angle of a deflecting drilling tool to be between 175 and 190 degrees, starting a pump to input high-pressure flushing liquid into a hole to drive a hole bottom screw motor to drive the sidetracking branch drill bit to rotate and sidetrack the branch, realizing that a small-diameter branch hole is drilled from the lower side of the hole wall in the large-diameter hole, then the small-diameter branch hole enters the lower layer of a top plate fracture zone to carry out directional drilling, and finishing pilot hole construction of lower branch;
step six: and drilling and expanding the guide hole of the lower branch to form large-diameter lower branch drilling and expanding holes, wherein the drilling and expanding are performed by descending the expanding hole drilling tool assembly to a branch point, performing directional expanding hole drilling along the guide hole of the lower branch formed in the step five, and withdrawing the expanding hole drilling tool assembly after expanding to the bottom of the hole.
The directional drilling tool assembly adopted for the pilot hole construction of the lower branch drill reaming comprises a side drill branch drill bit, the side drill branch column teeth on the side drill branch drill bit are used for impacting and cutting the lower side hole wall, and steps are quickly formed based on the curvature difference of circumferential curves with different diameters, so that the purpose of hanging in the air and drilling the small-diameter branch pilot hole in the large-diameter S-shaped section track hole section is achieved.
The matched drilling tool of the construction method for the large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of the double-branch top plate comprises a special directional drilling tool combination and is characterized in that:
the special directional drilling tool assembly comprises a sidetracking branch drill bit, a single-bending screw motor, a measurement while drilling system, a non-magnetic drilling tool and a cable-passing drill rod column, wherein the sidetracking branch drill bit comprises four PDC cutting wings, the four PDC cutting wings 13 are arranged at 90-degree included angles, a sidetracking branch column tooth is embedded at the periphery of the drill bit head between every two PDC cutting wings, the sidetracking branch column tooth is a quadrangular pyramid cutting edge, and the theoretical diameter of the outer edge of the sidetracking branch column tooth is the same as the maximum cutting circle diameter of an outer ring PDC composite sheet of the PDC cutting wings, so that in the normal drilling process, the sidetracking branch drill bit has the same function as a conventional directional drill bit, and the sidetracking branch column tooth does not work; in the process of drilling the small-diameter branch inside the large-diameter hole, based on different circumferential curvature differences, the side drilling branch column teeth rotate along with the drilling head, sequentially and intermittently impact and cut the lower side hole wall, a step surface is gradually formed, the lateral cutting of the outer ring PDC composite sheet is assisted, the suspended side drilling and the forced opening of the small straight branch hole in the large-diameter S-shaped section track hole are realized, and the branch guide hole can be normally and directionally drilled.
Wherein: the lateral drilling branch column teeth of the lateral drilling branch drill bit are embedded in the positions of two included angle symmetrical surfaces corresponding to the PDC cutting wings, and the front end of the drill bit is provided with at least two water holes, so that in the drilling process, flushing fluid simultaneously cools the PDC composite sheet and the lateral drilling branch column teeth after flowing out through the drill bit water holes.
From the above description, the construction method of the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate and the matched drilling tool of the invention have the following effects:
1. the length of the extraction hole section in the mining fracture zone can be effectively increased, the common same layer-penetrating hole section and the sleeve hole sealing section of the double-branch large-diameter extraction hole section are realized, the number of open holes can be reduced from 1/3 to 1/2 under the condition that the same number of extraction holes in a target layer are ensured, the drilling workload of the layer-penetrating hole section is greatly reduced, and the comprehensive hole forming period of a single drill site high-position directional drilling group is shortened by more than 20%.
2. On the premise of the same interlayer distance (distance between a coal seam and a target fracture zone), the horizontal projection length of an invalid extraction hole section is favorably shortened by adopting an S-shaped profile track in the layer-through hole section of the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate, so that the coverage range of the extraction hole section is increased by more than 10%; in addition, the cross-layer hole section adopts an S-shaped section track to increase the included angle between the hole and the stratum, thereby being beneficial to improving the stability of the hole wall and reducing the occurrence probability of complex conditions such as collapse and the like.
3. The large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of the double-branch top plate reduces the number of the holes of a drilling group of a single drilling field, so that the hole forming points and the intervals of the through-layer hole sections can be artificially increased in the drilling field with the same scale, the phenomenon of channeling among the through-layer hole sections during drilling is favorably reduced or avoided, and the hole forming quality is improved.
4. In the construction of the large-diameter high-position directional long drilling of the double-branch top plate, the small-diameter guide hole is drilled on the upper side of the large-diameter layer-penetrating hole section by means of a special side drilling branch drill bit, and then the large-diameter extraction hole is expanded; based on the difference of circumferential curve curvature of the sections of the large-diameter extraction hole and the small-diameter pilot hole, the special sidetrack branch column tooth enables the branch opening success rate to reach more than 90%, and the branch opening comprehensive efficiency is improved by about 60%.
5. Compared with the construction of single-branch drilling by a one-drilling one-expansion method, the drilling footage in a target fissure zone can be reduced by 40 to 50 percent under the same extraction scale (the footage of the drilling in the target fissure zone is equivalent).
The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the attached drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the construction method of the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a schematic view of a branch point of a large diameter hole with a sidetrack, forced-open small diameter branch in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2A and 2B show a schematic construction of a sidetracking branch drill bit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the sidetracking branch drill branching principle of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-coal seam drilling field, 2-hole sealing sleeve section, 3-cross-layer hole section, 4-working face coal seam, 5-double-branch extraction hole section, 6-side drilling branch point, 7-S-shaped section trajectory section, 8-roof fracture zone, 9-upper branch drilling reaming, 10-upper branch guide hole, 11-lower branch drilling reaming, 12-lower branch guide hole, 13-PDC cutting wing, 14-drill bit water hole, 15-side drilling branch column tooth, 16-outer ring PDC composite sheet, 17-invasion area, 18-side drilling branch drill bit theoretical cutting circle and 19-large diameter hole ideal hole wall circle.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1A and fig. 1B, there is shown a construction method of a large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of a double-branch roof plate according to the present invention.
Wherein the two-branch top plate large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole is a directional long drill hole constructed from a coal seam drill site 1 to a top plate fracture zone 8 and comprises a hole sealing casing section 2, a layer penetrating hole section 3 and a two-branch extraction hole section 5, the hole sealing casing section 2 is connected to one end of the layer penetrating hole section 3 from the coal seam drill site 1, the two-branch extraction hole section 5 is positioned at the top plate fracture zone 8 and is connected to the other end of the layer penetrating hole section 3, the hole sealing casing section 2 is designed from the coal seam drill site 1, the layer penetrating hole section 3 comprises a transition hole section connected with the hole sealing casing section 2 and an S-shaped section track section 7 between a working face coal seam 4 and the top plate fracture zone 8 shown in figure 1, the S-shaped section track section comprises a dip angle monotonously increasing section, a turning point and a dip angle monotonously decreasing section, the two-branch extraction hole section 5 comprises an upper branch drill hole 9 and a lower branch drill hole 11 which are designed in parallel and are distributed in an up-down manner, the upper branch drill hole expansion is coaxially connected with the layer-through hole section, and the lower branch drill hole expansion 11 is connected to a branch point of the side drill with the inclination angle of the S-shaped section track section 7 being reduced in a single adjustment mode. .
In order to smoothly realize the construction of the large-diameter high-position directional long drilling hole of the double-branch top plate, the specific design concept is that a hole sealing sleeve section 2 is constructed firstly, and a fixed hole is arranged; then constructing a layer-through hole section 3 and an upper branch drill reaming 9; and then constructing a lower branch drilling and reaming hole 11 in the S-shaped section track section of the through-layer hole section 3. The lower branch drill-reaming 11 is to drill and ream a small-diameter branch pilot hole on the side drill branch point 6 of the S-shaped cross-section trajectory section of the through-hole section 3 by using a side drill branch drill.
Specifically, the construction method of the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling and expanding construction for hole sealing casing section from coal seam drilling siteThe rotary drilling process can be adopted, namely a guide hole with the diameter of 96mm or 120mm is firstly constructed, and then the sleeve hole with the diameter of 193mm or 220mm is reamed, the reaming can be realized by the grading drilling (namely the reaming drilling can be realized by the drill bits with different diameters from small to large in grading, wherein the reaming can be realized by a primary reaming with the diameter of 133mm → a secondary reaming with the diameter of 153mm → a tertiary reaming with the diameter of 193mm
Four-stage reaming with the diameter of 220 mm) or once reaming with a tower type combined drill bit, the opening depth of the hole sealing casing section is not less than 12m, the reaming depth is not less than 10m, and the time for circularly punching after drilling and reaming to a preset depth is not less than 15min, so that the drill cuttings in the hole are effectively removed completely, and smooth pipe discharging is ensured.
Step two: and (2) performing hole sealing on a pipe-discharging and fixing hole of the casing pipe section, discharging a steel or organic material casing pipe with the diameter of 178mm or 194mm and the wall thickness of 5mm, wherein the length of the casing pipe is 9.0-9.5 m, the exposed length of the casing pipe out of the hole is less than or equal to 20cm, sealing the casing pipe after the casing pipe is discharged, and sealing the casing pipe by adopting a two-plugging and one-injecting pressurized cement injection technology, wherein the grouting waiting time is not less than 8 hours.
Step three: the directional drilling of a small-diameter (phi 96mm or phi 120mm) pilot hole of a cross-layer hole section 3 and an upper branch drill reaming 9 is carried out, the upper branch drill reaming 9 carries out the directional drilling of an upper branch pilot hole 10, wherein the directional drilling is carried out by a downward directional drilling tool assembly (sequentially comprising a conventional directional drill bit, a single-bending screw motor, a measurement while drilling system, a non-magnetic drill rod, a cable-passing drill rod and the like), wherein the front inclination angle of the inflection point of an S-shaped section track 7 in the cross-layer hole section 3 is monotonically increased, and the back inclination angle of the inflection point is monotonically decreased; and after entering a target layer, controlling the upper branch guide hole 10 to extend at the upper layer of the crack zone of the top plate, and withdrawing the directional combined drilling tool after the upper branch guide hole reaches the designed depth.
Step four: and drilling and expanding to form a layer-through hole section 3 with a large diameter (not less than 153mm) and an upper branch drilling and expanding hole 9, wherein the drilling and expanding are performed by descending a hole expanding drill tool assembly (comprising a hole expanding drill bit, a conventional hole expanding drill rod, a centralizer and the like), performing directional hole expanding and drilling along a guide hole formed in the third step, and withdrawing the hole expanding combined drill tool after expanding to the bottom of the hole, so that the layer-through hole section 3 and the upper branch drilling and expanding hole 9 in the figure 1 are formed.
Step five: referring to fig. 1A, a sidetracking branch point 6 is selected at a suitable position on an S-shaped profile track 7 in a through-hole section 3 (the sidetracking branch point 6 is preferably a hole section with an S-shaped profile track inclination angle being monotonically decreased and is 1.5m to 2m from the vertical distance to the lower layer of a roof fracture zone), then a sidetracking directional drilling tool assembly (including a sidetracking branch drill bit (with a diameter of phi 96mm or phi 120mm), a single-bend screw motor, a measurement while drilling system, a non-magnetic drill rod, a cable-through drill rod and the like) is lowered, the tool face angle of a deflecting tool is adjusted to be 175 degrees to 190 degrees, a pump is started to input high-pressure flushing fluid into a hole to drive a hole bottom screw motor to drive the sidetracking branch drill bit to rotate and laterally open a branch, and the feeding; based on the curvature difference of circumferential curves with different diameters, by means of impact cutting of lateral drilling branch column teeth on a lateral drilling branch drill bit, a lower side hole wall and rapid step building, a branch hole with a small diameter is drilled from the lower side of the hole wall in a large-diameter hole, then the branch hole enters a top plate fractured zone, directional drilling is carried out on the lower layer of the top plate fractured zone 8 according to a design control track, and the lateral drilling directional drilling tool assembly is withdrawn to the designed depth to complete construction of a lower branch guide hole 12 of a lower branch drilling reaming 11.
Step six: referring to fig. 1B, drilling and expanding the lower branch pilot hole 12 to form a large-diameter (not less than Φ 153mm) lower branch drill and expansion hole 11, wherein the drilling and expansion is performed by a downward-entering expanding drill assembly (including an expanding bit, a conventional expanding drill rod, a centralizer and the like) along the lower branch pilot hole 12 formed in the fifth step, and the expanding drill assembly is withdrawn after the hole is expanded to the bottom of the hole, so that the lower branch drill and expansion hole 11 in fig. 1 is formed.
Can also comprise the step seven: after hole extraction is finished, comprehensively evaluating the stability of the top plate stratum based on relevant characteristic information (including feeding pressure, rotary torque, pump pressure change and blocking conditions) in the drilling process, putting a hole protecting pipe into a through hole section as required, and adopting a round hole or a strip-shaped slotted screen pipe at the front end (corresponding to a branch point position) of a pipe column; and connecting the extraction pipeline to wait for extracting the mining pressure relief gas.
The drill set of the present invention may comprise the sidetracking directional drill assembly used in step five, which includes the sidetracking branch drill bit, the single-bend screw motor, the measurement while drilling system, the non-magnetic drill, the cabled drill string, etc., as shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the sidetracking branch drill bit comprises four PDC cutting wings 13, the four PDC cutting wings 13 are arranged at included angles of 90 degrees, the drill bit head periphery between every two PDC cutting wings 13 is embedded with a lateral drilling branch cylindrical tooth 15, the lateral drilling branch cylindrical tooth 15 is a quadrangular pyramid cutting edge, the theoretical diameter of the outer blade is the same as the diameter of the maximum cutting circle of the outer ring PDC composite sheet 16 of the PDC cutting wing 13, and the front end of the drill bit is provided with at least two drill bit water holes 14, thereby in the drilling process, the compound piece of PDC and the side cut branch column tooth of lateral drill are cooled down simultaneously to the flush fluid through the outflow of drill bit water hole 14 back.
Other single-bent screw motors, measurement while drilling systems, non-magnetic drilling tools, cable-passing drill strings and the like can all adopt the existing structures, and the description is not repeated here.
Referring to fig. 3, the basic principle of the side-drilling branch drill for suspending the side-drilling small-diameter hole in the large-diameter S-shaped section track 7 through-layer hole section is as follows: in the drilling process, each PDC cutting wing 13 is contacted with the lower side hole wall in a circulating and alternating mode, because the curvature difference exists between the theoretical cutting circle 18 of the side drilling branch drill bit and the ideal hole wall circle 19 of the large-diameter hole, when two PDC cutting wings are contacted with the hole wall at the same time, an 'invasion area' 17 is formed, and the side drilling branch column teeth among the PDC cutting wings 13 form a step surface by 'impacting-cutting' the lower side hole wall in the rotation process and further combine with the outer ring PDC composite sheet 16 on the cutting wings 13 for side drilling and forced branch opening by utilizing the curvature difference, therefore, the invention can extract the curvature difference of the cutting curve of the large-diameter hole section circle formed by reaming and the theoretical circle of the small-diameter side drilling branch drill bit through the layer hole section of the top plate large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole (adopting an S-shaped (forward or reverse) section track) drilled by 'one hole expansion', the method has the advantages that small-diameter branches are forcibly opened by means of the sidetracking branch drill bit and directionally drilled to the designed hole depth, then the small-diameter branch guide holes are reamed, the same layer-through hole section and hole-sealing sleeve hole section are shared by 2 sections of target layer effective extraction holes, the number of holes is greatly reduced, the amount of casing and later-stage hole protection engineering is reduced, the horizontal invalid footage of the layer-through hole section is shortened, the hole forming efficiency and quality are improved, and the mining pressure-relief gas extraction effect of a working face is improved.
The side-drilling branch drill bit is provided with side-drilling branch column teeth (quadrangular pyramid cutting edges) and is arranged between PDC cutting wings, and the theoretical diameter of the outer edge of the side-drilling branch drill bit is the same as the maximum cutting diameter of an outer ring PDC composite sheet. In the normal drilling process, the function of the sidetracking branch drill bit is the same as that of a conventional directional drill bit, and sidetracking branch column teeth do not work; in the process of sidetracking the small-diameter branch at the large-diameter reaming section, the sidetracking branch column teeth impact and cut the lower side hole wall along with the rotation of the drill bit based on the difference of different circumferential curvatures to gradually form a step surface to assist the lateral cutting of the outer ring PDC composite sheet, realize the suspended sidetracking and forced opening of the small straight branch hole on the large-diameter S-shaped through hole section, and start to normally and directionally drill the branch guide hole.
It should be apparent that the foregoing description and illustrations are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, application or uses. While embodiments have been described in the embodiments and depicted in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the particular examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the embodiments as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method of a large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of a double-branch top plate is characterized in that the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate is a directional long drill hole constructed from a coal seam drill site of a working face to a top plate fracture zone, and comprises three parts, namely a 1-section hole sealing casing section, a 1-section through-layer hole section and a 2-section extraction hole section, and the construction method is characterized in that:
the hole sealing casing section is connected to the lower end of the layer penetrating hole section from a coal seam drilling field of a working face, the 2 sections of extraction hole sections are located in a top plate fracture zone and connected to the upper end of the layer penetrating hole section in a double-branch mode, the layer penetrating hole section comprises an S-shaped section track section between the coal seam of the working face and the top plate fracture zone, the S-shaped section track section comprises a monotonically increasing inclination angle section, an inflection point and a monotonically decreasing inclination angle section, the double-branch extraction hole section comprises an upper branch drilling hole expansion and a lower branch drilling hole expansion which are designed in parallel and are arranged in an upper-lower layered mode, the upper branch drilling hole expansion is coaxially connected with the layer penetrating hole section, and the lower branch drilling hole expansion is connected to a side drilling branch point of the monotonically decreasing inclination angle section of the S-shaped section;
the construction method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling and reaming construction of a hole sealing casing section is carried out from a coal seam drilling field of a working face, a rotary drilling process is adopted, namely a guide hole with the diameter of 96mm or 120mm is firstly constructed, then reaming is carried out to a casing hole with the diameter of 193mm or 220mm, the reaming is carried out for one time through grading drilling and reaming or a tower type combined drill bit, the hole opening depth of the hole sealing casing section is not less than 12m, the reaming depth is not less than 10m, and the time of circular punching is not less than 15min after the drilling and reaming is carried out to the preset depth, so that the drill cuttings in the hole are effectively removed completely, and smooth pipe descending is ensured;
step two: c, hole-sealing a lower pipe-fixing hole of the sleeve pipe section, and inserting a sleeve pipe made of steel or organic materials, wherein the length of the sleeve pipe is 9.0-9.5 m, and the exposed length outside the hole is less than or equal to 20 cm;
step three: carrying out measurement while drilling directional drilling on the cross-layer hole section and the small-diameter pilot hole reamed by the upper branch drill, wherein the cross-layer hole section drills along an S-shaped section track;
step four: drilling and expanding are carried out, a large-diameter layer-through hole section and an upper branch drilling and expanding hole are formed, directional hole expanding and drilling are carried out along the guide hole formed in the third step by replacing the hole expanding drilling tool assembly in the drilling and expanding process, and the hole expanding drilling tool assembly is withdrawn after the hole is expanded to the bottom of the hole;
step five: selecting a sidetracking branch point at a proper position of an S-shaped section track inclination angle single-adjustment reduction section of a large-diameter through-layer hole section, then lowering a directional drilling tool assembly with a sidetracking branch drill bit to the position of the branch point, adjusting the tool face angle of a deflecting drilling tool to be between 175 and 190 degrees, starting a pump to input high-pressure flushing liquid into a hole to drive a hole bottom screw motor to drive the sidetracking branch drill bit to rotate and sidetrack the branch, realizing that a small-diameter branch hole is drilled from the lower side of the hole wall in the large-diameter hole, then the small-diameter branch hole enters the lower layer of a top plate fracture zone to carry out directional drilling, and finishing pilot hole construction of lower branch;
step six: and drilling and expanding the guide hole of the lower branch to form large-diameter lower branch drilling and expanding holes, wherein the drilling and expanding are performed by descending the expanding hole drilling tool assembly to a branch point, performing directional expanding hole drilling along the guide hole of the lower branch formed in the step five, and withdrawing the expanding hole drilling tool assembly after expanding to the bottom of the hole.
2. The construction method of the large-diameter high-position directional long drill hole of the double-branch top plate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the directional drilling tool assembly adopted for the pilot hole construction of the lower branch drill reaming comprises a side drill branch drill bit, the side drill branch column teeth on the side drill branch drill bit are used for impacting and cutting the lower side hole wall, and steps are quickly formed based on the curvature difference of circumferential curves with different diameters, so that the purpose of hanging in the air and drilling the small-diameter branch pilot hole in the large-diameter S-shaped section track hole section is achieved.
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| CN111677447A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Directional drilling method for upward rock climbing section |
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