CN111255463B - Hard top plate comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method - Google Patents
Hard top plate comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard top plate comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting the plane position and the section position of a fracturing drill hole; s2: constructing a main hole; s3: fracturing a first section of the main hole; s4: drilling construction of a first branch hole; s5: performing fracturing construction on the first branch hole; s6: fracturing the second section of the main hole; s7: drilling and fracturing construction of a second branch hole; s8: and performing construction according to the steps S6 and S7 until all designed positions of the main hole are subjected to fracturing construction and all branch construction positions are subjected to drilling construction and fracturing construction. The method realizes the accurate control of the position of the hard rock stratum and the drilling of the branch, performs multi-point section-by-section fracturing on the main hole section and the branch, and effectively weakens the position of the hard top plate in advance, thereby avoiding the large-scale deformation disaster of the surrounding rock of the roadway caused by the sudden collapse of the top plate due to the large-area suspended ceiling and the coupling of the strong dynamic load and the ground stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine underground safety, in particular to a hard top plate comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method.
Background
The occurrence conditions of Chinese coal seams are very complex, and hard roofs of the coal seams generally develop, account for 1/3 of national coal seams and are distributed in mining areas above 1/2. During the extraction process of the top plate, the large-area suspended roof is difficult to naturally fall, when the suspended roof reaches a certain area, the suspended roof suddenly falls, the area of one-time collapse is large, the supporting pressure and the top plate pressure are also increased continuously, and the dynamic phenomena such as strong periodic pressure and the like occur, so that the working face support is pressed, the equipment is damaged, the deformation of the bottom heave and the side heave of the roadway is serious due to the influence of extraction, the original support fails, and even a malignant accident which endangers the personal safety occurs. The roadway deformation is an important geological disaster which easily causes construction difficulty, delays construction period, increases engineering cost and even causes engineering termination, and because disaster accidents caused by the roadway deformation are frequent, the roadway surrounding rock deformation is one of the key problems which always troubles coal industry.
In the exploitation of long-term big intensity, shallow coal resources reserves reduce gradually, and the coal exploitation degree of depth increases, according to statistics, the coal mining degree of depth increases 8 ~ 12m each year in china, and the tunnel country rock that hard roof arouses warp aggravation, country rock convergence deformation accelerate, and the support damages aggravation, and tunnel overhaul volume sharply increases for stability, the maintenance in deep tunnel become unusual difficulty. Aiming at the problems, the conventional surrounding rock supporting technology (passive supporting), the surrounding rock reinforcing technology (active supporting), the combined supporting technology and the conventional fracturing technology are mainly adopted at present. Through increaseing and strutting, improve the resistance of tunnel country rock, can slow down tunnel deformation degree to a certain extent, nevertheless can't eliminate the energy source from the power source, at the high strength back production in-process, still can produce the deformation of certain scale, get into the deep and adopt the back, tunnel excavation is strutted the back, the crack is sprouted and is expanded fast, the rock mass is cut into little fragment by the secondary crack promptly in the short time, take place the support failure form of various forms afterwards, if the stock breaks, spout the layer rupture, U shaped steel is strutted serious distortion etc.. Particularly, under the condition of large-area suspended roof of a hard roof, the energy suddenly collapses, the energy accumulated in the roof and a coal seam is quickly released, the incoming pressure strength is greatly increased, and large-area breakage and damage of supporting structures of a working face and two roadways in a stope are caused. The traditional short drilling hydraulic fracturing technology has the problems of low drilling construction precision, short effective fracturing length, poor open hole sealing effect and the like, and is difficult to effectively solve the problem of roadway pressure deformation.
Accordingly, the designer of the invention aims at the problems, through deep research and design, utilizes the directional long drilling track accurate control and branch opening technology to pre-implement directional ultra-long drilling (more than 600 m) in a hard rock stratum, combines the multi-branch technology to realize a layer accurate controllable three-dimensional communication artificial fracture system, effectively weakens a hard top plate, realizes the following mining caving, promotes the effective isolation of the stress energy of the roadway and the entity coal bodies on two sides of the roadway, eliminates or weakens the deformation degree of the roadway, solves the roadway deformation disaster caused by the large-area overhang of the hard top plate, and overcomes the technical defects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of roadway deformation caused by a hard top plate in the prior art of strengthening support, conventional fracturing and the like and realize more effective deformation control management of the top plate weakened roadway, the invention provides a method for treating the deformation source of the hard top plate comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting the plane position and the section position of a fracturing drill hole;
s101: arranging a fracture drilling plane in a stress-rise area adjacent to the working face;
s102: according to the mechanical characteristics of the rock stratum in the research area, the key hard rock stratum distribution position in the treatment area is identified by using a key layer identification theory, and the drilling hole arrangement section parameters are determined by combining the top plate overhanging condition and the collapse characteristics of the underground practical tracking and monitoring so as to obtain the fracture drilling hole section position;
s2: constructing a main hole;
s201: according to geological information of the lithologic profile distribution, the mechanical characteristics and the ground stress characteristics of the governing roadway, arranging the drill holes at the fracture drill hole plane position and the fracture drill hole profile position in S1;
s202: by utilizing directional drilling construction equipment and geological information, drilling a construction parameter adjusting system through measurement while drilling and a hole bottom motor, acquiring three-dimensional space track information of a drill hole, and accurately controlling the drill hole to be positioned at a target layer;
s3: fracturing a first section of a main hole:
conveying the fracturing tool string to a fracturing design position of a first section of a main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers;
s4: drilling construction of a first branch hole:
s401: determining the distance between branch points to be 2r according to the extension radius r of the fracturing fracture of the construction area, and calculating the number S/2r of single-hole branches;
s402: conveying the directional drilling complete set of tools to a first branch construction position in the hole;
s403: grasping and adjusting the drilling track by using a computer remote monitoring and displaying system;
s404: the construction of the first branch hole adopts a 'retreating type' process and the drilling method adopts a side drilling branch method; according to branch design parameters, drilling the immediate roof rock layer and the final hole by a measurement while drilling and hole bottom motor adjusting system;
s5: and (3) fracturing construction of the first branch hole:
conveying the fracturing tool string to a first branch construction position through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process; after fracturing construction is completed, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings;
s6: fracturing the second section of the main hole;
conveying the fracturing tool string to a second section fracturing design position of the main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers; after fracturing construction is completed, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings;
s7: drilling and fracturing construction of a second branch hole;
drilling construction to the second branch construction site according to S4, and fracturing construction to the second branch construction site according to S5;
s8: and (5) performing construction according to S6 and S7 until all designed positions of the main hole are subjected to fracturing construction and all branch construction positions are subjected to drilling construction and fracturing construction, and finally withdrawing all tools in the hole.
Preferably, the packer is a swell-setting device.
Preferably, the main hole is subjected to directional long drilling for forming a hole with the length of more than 600m in advance.
Preferably, the number of branch holes is 8-12.
Preferably, the directional drilling construction equipment incorporates a downhole compass television monitor and an integrated computer remote monitoring system to achieve accurate control of the drilling trajectory.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the hard top plate comb-shaped directional long drilling staged fracturing source treatment technology provided by the invention treats the dynamic source of roadway deformation, promotes the roadway to be effectively separated from the dynamic load close to the working face or the goaf, eliminates or weakens the dynamic and static loads borne by the roadway, and effectively controls the roadway deformation.
2. By adopting directional long drilling complete equipment and technology, the accurate control of the drilling track can be realized at a hard target layer, the effective development of fracturing cracks at the target layer is ensured, and the fracturing weakening effect is improved.
3. Through the stage-by-stage fracturing of the comb-shaped directional long drilling main hole of the hard top plate and the multipoint branches, the top plate staged fracturing weakening construction of more than 8 branches and 12 fracturing stages can be realized for single-hole advanced face extraction of more than 600m, the advance effective control of roadway deformation is realized, the extraction safety is ensured, and the extraction efficiency is improved.
4. After the comb-shaped directional long drill hole with the hard top plate is fractured in stages, a three-dimensional fracture system at a fracturing layer can be established, and the strength of a rock stratum at a target layer is reduced. And the branch holes are fractured and weakened, the vertical spreading scale of the fracture development of the fractured and drilled hole is extended, the coupling of a hard rock stratum and a fracture system of a direct roof is realized, the effective collapse of a hard roof rock stratum is realized by combining mining disturbance, the overlying rock stratum is effectively supported, the horizontal supporting force coupled with a coal pillar of the roadway is formed, the integral strength of the roadway is improved, and good construction conditions are provided for the extraction near a working face.
5. After the method is implemented, the deformation and damage degree of the surrounding rock can be greatly reduced, and the phenomena of roadway floor heave, rib spalling and the like are avoided or weakened. Meanwhile, the hard top plate of the whole working face is effectively collapsed, the working face transfer pressure borne by the roadway rock stratum pressure is reduced, the roadway support mode is simplified, the roadway repair engineering quantity is greatly reduced, and the roadway maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a roadway during construction according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of fracture construction at a design position of a first section of a main hole in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing operation of a first branch hole in this embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of fracturing construction at the designed position of the second section of the main hole in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of staged fracturing construction of a single comb-shaped long drilling hole in the embodiment.
In the attached drawing, 1-the design position of the first section of main hole fracturing, 2-a fracturing tool string, 3-a high-pressure pipe column, 4-a main hole, 5-a first branch hole, 6-a fracturing crack, 7-the design position of the second section of main hole fracturing, 8-a second branch hole, 9-siltstone, 10-fine sandstone, 11-mudstone and 12-roadway.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in the present embodiment, the geological conditions of the siltstone 9, the sandstone 10, and the mudstone 11 are taken as an example, and the construction is performed on the side wall of the roadway 12. The embodiment provides a hard roof comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (4) selecting the plane position and the section position of the fracture drill hole.
S101: the fracture drilling plane is arranged adjacent to the stress riser of the working face. Through fracturing weakening, the energy of the stress concentration position is weakened, the stress is promoted to be transferred to the adjacent working face or the goaf, the uniform distribution of the stress is realized, and the acting pressure of the roadway is reduced.
S102: according to the mechanical characteristics of the rock stratum in the research area, the key hard rock stratum distribution position in the treatment area is identified by using a key layer identification theory, and the drilling hole arrangement section parameters are determined by combining the top plate overhanging condition and the collapse characteristics of the underground practical tracking and monitoring so as to obtain the fracture drilling hole section position.
S2: and constructing the ultra-long and accurate directional main hole 4.
S201: and arranging the drill holes at the fracture drill hole plane position and the fracture drill hole section position in the S1 according to geological information of the lithologic section distribution, the mechanical characteristics and the ground stress characteristics of the governing roadway.
S202: by utilizing directional drilling construction equipment and geological information, drilling a construction parameter adjusting system through measurement while drilling and a hole bottom motor, acquiring three-dimensional space track information of a drill hole, and accurately controlling the drill hole to be positioned at a target layer; and performing primary hole forming of directional long drill holes with the length of more than 600m in advance.
S3: fracturing a first section of a main hole:
and (3) conveying the fracturing tool string 2 to a fracturing design position 1 of the first section of the main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers. The water is continuously injected through the high-pressure pipe column 3 and the high-pressure fracturing pump set, the two packers are firstly expanded and set, water injection and pressurization are continuously carried out, and when the pressure reaches a design value, the water and pressure guide device between the packers is opened to carry out fracturing construction of the fracturing section. And after the fracturing construction is finished, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings.
S4: drilling construction of the first branch hole 5:
s401: and determining the distance between branch points to be 2r according to the extension radius r of the fracturing fracture 6 in the construction area, and calculating the number S/2r of the single-hole branches. And S is the length of a fracturing section of the drill hole, L-d is the length of the drill hole before entering the fracturing target horizon.
S402: delivering the directional drilling kit to a first branch construction location within the bore.
S403: and a computer remote monitoring and displaying system is utilized to accurately master and adjust the drilling track in real time, so that the drilling track is accurately controlled.
S404: the construction of the first branch hole 5 adopts a 'retreating type' process, and a branch point is directly reserved at a design point by adjusting a tool face angle of a hole bottom motor. The drilling method adopts a side drilling branch method, and strictly controls the construction precision of branch holes through measurement while drilling and a hole bottom motor adjusting system according to branch design parameters, and drills the direct roof rock layer and the final hole.
S5: and performing fracturing construction on the first branch hole 5.
Conveying the fracturing tool string 2 to a first branch construction position through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process; after fracturing construction is completed, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings;
s6: fracturing the second section of the main hole;
conveying the fracturing tool string 2 to a second-stage fracturing design position 7 of the main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers; and after the fracturing construction is finished, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings.
S7: and drilling and fracturing construction of the second branch hole 8.
Drilling the construction to the second branch construction site according to S4, and fracturing the construction to the second branch construction site according to S5.
S8: and (5) performing construction according to S6 and S7 until all designed positions of the main hole are subjected to fracturing construction and all branch construction positions are subjected to drilling construction and fracturing construction, and finally withdrawing all tools in the hole.
The method has the main effects that: the advanced weakening treatment is carried out from a power source of roadway deformation, so that the roadway is effectively separated from a power load close to a working face or a goaf, dynamic and static loads borne by the roadway are eliminated or weakened, and the roadway deformation is effectively controlled. Through the stage-by-stage fracturing of the comb-shaped directional long drilling main hole of the hard top plate and the multipoint branches, the top plate staged fracturing weakening construction of more than 8 branches and 12 fracturing stages can be realized for single-hole advanced face extraction of more than 600m, the advance effective control of roadway deformation is realized, the extraction safety is ensured, and the extraction efficiency is improved. After the comb-shaped directional long drill hole of the top plate is fractured in stages, a fracturing layer three-dimensional fracture system can be established, and the strength of a target layer rock stratum is reduced. And the fracturing of the branch holes is weakened, the vertical spreading scale of the fracture development of the fracturing drill hole is extended, the coupling of a hard rock stratum and a fracture system of a direct roof is realized, the effective collapse of a hard roof rock stratum can be realized by combining mining disturbance to form effective support for an overlying rock stratum, a horizontal supporting force coupled with a roadway coal pillar is formed, the overall strength of the roadway is improved, and good construction conditions are provided for the recovery of a near working face.
In addition, the embodiment adopts ultra-long directional drilling hole forming equipment and technology, combines a well bottom compass television monitor and integrates a computer remote monitoring system, can realize accurate control of drilling track, reduces rock hole section distance and improves coal seam drilling rate. The coverage range of the drill hole is accurately mastered, the extraction influence range is reasonably evaluated, and the tunneling safety is ensured. By the method, the deformation and damage degree of the surrounding rock can be greatly reduced, and the phenomena of floor heave, rib spalling and the like of the roadway are avoided or weakened. Meanwhile, the hard top plate of the whole working face is effectively collapsed, the working face transfer pressure borne by the roadway rock stratum pressure is reduced, the roadway support mode is simplified, the roadway repair engineering quantity is greatly reduced, and the roadway maintenance cost is greatly reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (5)
1. A hard roof comb-shaped long drilling segmented fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: including S1: selecting the plane position and the section position of a fracturing drill hole;
s101: arranging a fracture drilling plane in a stress-rise area adjacent to the working face;
s102: according to the mechanical characteristics of the rock stratum in the research area, the key hard rock stratum distribution position in the treatment area is identified by using a key layer identification theory, and the drilling hole arrangement section parameters are determined by combining the top plate overhanging condition and the collapse characteristics of the underground practical tracking and monitoring so as to obtain the fracture drilling hole section position;
s2: main hole construction:
s201: according to geological information of the lithologic profile distribution, the mechanical characteristics and the ground stress characteristics of the governing roadway, arranging the drill holes at the fracture drill hole plane position and the fracture drill hole profile position in S1;
s202: by utilizing directional drilling construction equipment and geological information, drilling a construction parameter adjusting system through measurement while drilling and a hole bottom motor, acquiring three-dimensional space track information of a drill hole, and accurately controlling the drill hole to be positioned at a target layer;
s3: fracturing a first section of a main hole:
conveying the fracturing tool string to a fracturing design position of a first section of a main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers;
s4: drilling construction of a first branch hole:
s401: determining the distance between branch points to be 2r according to the extension radius r of the fracturing fracture of the construction area, and calculating the number S/2r of the branches opened by a single hole, wherein S is the length of a fracturing section of a drilled hole;
s402: conveying the directional drilling complete set of tools to a first branch construction position in the hole;
s403: grasping and adjusting the drilling track by using a computer remote monitoring and displaying system;
s404: the construction of the first branch hole adopts a 'retreating type' process and the drilling method adopts a side drilling branch method; according to branch design parameters, drilling the immediate roof rock layer and the final hole by a measurement while drilling and hole bottom motor adjusting system;
s5: performing fracturing construction on the first branch hole;
conveying the fracturing tool string to a first branch construction position through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process; after fracturing construction is completed, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings;
s6: fracturing the second section of the main hole;
conveying the fracturing tool string to a second section fracturing design position of the main hole through a directional drilling machine, and performing fracturing construction by adopting a double-sealing single-clamping process of setting two packers; after fracturing construction is completed, releasing pressure and draining water, and withdrawing all tool strings;
s7: drilling and fracturing construction of a second branch hole;
drilling construction to the second branch construction site according to S4, and fracturing construction to the second branch construction site according to S5;
s8: and (5) performing construction according to S6 and S7 until all designed positions of the main hole are subjected to fracturing construction and all branch construction positions are subjected to drilling construction and fracturing construction, and finally withdrawing all tools in the hole.
2. The hard roof comb-shaped long drilling staged fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the packer is an expansion setting device.
3. The hard roof comb-shaped long drilling staged fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and performing primary hole forming on the main hole by directional long drilling with the advance mining length of more than 600 m.
4. The hard roof comb-shaped long drilling staged fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the number of the branch holes is 8-12.
5. The hard roof comb-shaped long drilling staged fracturing roadway deformation source treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the directional drilling construction equipment is combined with a well bottom compass television monitor and a comprehensive computer remote monitoring system to realize the accurate control of the drilling track.
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| CN112160792B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-12-30 | 太原理工大学 | Staged hydraulic fracturing working method for underground hard top plate |
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| CN113417636B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-15 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Comb-shaped through-layer directional long-drilling-hole branch-hole coal seam section accurate hydraulic fracturing process |
| CN113236360A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-10 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling exploding roadway group rock burst |
| CN113338925B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Anti-dynamic-load pressure rack method for fracturing coal pillar source in multi-coal-seam mining roadway |
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