CN110714750A - Comprehensive monitoring method for well-ground combined coal seam hard roof staged hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
Comprehensive monitoring method for well-ground combined coal seam hard roof staged hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard top plate of a well-ground combined coal seam is characterized in that a hole-inside television detection technology is adopted, an audio-frequency electric perspective technology is combined, the crack development position and degree under the original condition are revealed, and the original low-group area of a working face is judged. And (4) carrying out crack development flattening and profile distribution characteristics in the fracturing process in real time through a microseismic monitoring system. After fracturing, the in-hole television and audio electric perspective detection results are utilized, the microseismic test results are integrated, and the fracture initiation position, direction, fracture development scale and spreading form of the fractured fracture are obtained. The fracturing fracture initiation position and direction are effectively revealed, the development scale and the form of the fracture are combined, technical support is provided for realizing the accurate design of the directional long drilling track and realizing the controllable parameters, the drilling efficiency can be improved, and the drilling construction difficulty is reduced. The blind area and the blind section monitored by a conventional method are avoided, the monitoring precision is greatly improved, and the fracturing effect is accurately evaluated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine underground safety, in particular to a comprehensive monitoring method for well-ground combined coal bed hard roof staged hydraulic fracturing.
Background
The hard and difficult-to-collapse roof of the coal seam in China generally develops, the roof is difficult to collapse in time in the mine production process, a large-area suspended roof is easily formed in a goaf, the phenomenon of mine pressure impact is often accompanied by strong dynamic load when the roof is intensively collapsed for one time, the bracket of a working face is pressed, equipment is damaged, the deformation of a bottom drum and a side drum of a roadway is serious due to mining influence, the original support fails, and even a malignant accident which endangers the personal safety occurs.
With the continuous and intensive research on the control measures of the hard top plate at home and abroad in recent years, the scholars in the related field propose forced roof caving measures, and the measures mainly aim at the characteristics of large thickness, high strength, good integrity, difficult collapse and the like of the hard top plate, and manually intervene in advance to form a prefabricated crack so as to reduce the strength of the top plate along the crack direction, thereby weakening the integral strength of the hard top plate, facilitating collapse, reducing the suspended roof length of the hard top plate and further reducing the compression strength. The blasting method is simple in construction, but has the disadvantages of large engineering quantity, high cost, large gunpowder consumption, high danger coefficient, pollution of underground environment caused by toxic gases such as CO generated by blasting and potential safety hazard to high-gas mines. Therefore, the safe and efficient high-pressure hydraulic fracturing hard top plate weakening technology is widely applied and popularized.
However, the traditional short-drill-hole hydraulic fracturing technology has the problems of low drilling construction precision, short effective fracturing length, poor open hole sealing effect and the like, and is difficult to effectively solve the problem of pressure coming from a working face, and particularly the problem is more prominent in the middle top plate of the working face with the thickness of more than 200 m. Aiming at the problems, the West-An research institute company Limited of the middleman department of coal science and industry group introduces a fracturing process from oil gas exploitation of a petroleum system, miniaturizes fracturing equipment, and develops a new technology for fracturing and weakening a directional long drilling hole (the length of the drilling hole is more than 400m) and a bare hole and subsection roof in a coal mine underground by adaptively transforming under an underground construction condition, so as to perform fracturing and weakening treatment on a hard roof. The technology has the advantages of accurate and controllable drilling track, large effective fracturing section length, large displacement of a fracturing pump set, large extension radius of a fracturing crack and the like, thereby achieving the hydraulic fracturing weakening control of the hard top plate in the full working face range. Through field engineering test application and according to fracturing data curve result analysis, the rock fracture pressure drop is obvious, and in the working face extraction process, the phenomenon that strong ore pressure appears does not appear in a fracturing treatment area, so that a good expected effect is obtained.
The method has the advantages that the geometric form and the extension condition of the top plate segmental hydraulic fracturing fracture are accurately mastered, and the important guiding effects are achieved for evaluating the weakening effect of the hard top plate, checking and improving the accuracy of fracturing design and improving the forced top setting quality of the hard top plate. The existing coal mine underground hard roof fracturing weakening technology mainly utilizes pressure and flow change curves in the fracturing process and adopts underground in-hole peeping and micro-seismic monitoring technology to evaluate the fracturing effect. However, the monitoring and analysis of the fracturing data in the fracturing process can only indirectly reflect whether the fracturing forms a certain scale of cracks, and cannot display the spreading form, size and extension direction of the cracks; the underground in-hole peeping is a testing method that a camera in a drilling hole observes and records images of the wall of the drilling hole in a plane reflection mode, reflects the structure of the wall of the drilling hole, the development degree of a crack, other geological phenomena in a well and the like, can visually record and display the crack initiation position and the basic form, but is limited in that the technology needs to use a cable to transmit signals, cannot detect and record deep holes (>200m), can only reveal the development condition of the crack in the wall of the drilling hole, and cannot reflect the information of the extension length, the width and the like of the crack. During the fracturing process, the pressure in the pores rises rapidly with the injection of the fracturing fluid, causing the rock to break. During the process of rock fracture, a series of micro-seismic waves and acoustic waves which propagate to the periphery are generated, and the released energy of the micro-seismic waves is much smaller than that of the conventional seismic waves, so the micro-seismic waves are commonly called as micro-earthquakes. A monitoring instrument is arranged in a fracturing monitoring area to receive wave energy signals and determine a microseism seismic source, namely a rock cracking position, but the microseism can only reflect the initial development space position and the development direction of a crack, and the extension scale and the spreading form of the fracturing crack cannot be accurately positioned.
Therefore, in view of the above defects, the designer of the invention researches and designs a comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard top plate of a coal seam of a well-ground combination by combining experience and achievement of related industries for a long time through careful research and design so as to overcome the above defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard roof of a coal seam in a well-ground combined manner, which realizes the three-dimensional comprehensive monitoring of staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof under a coal mine before, during and after the coal mine, on the ground and in the well, transparently shows the spreading form and the spreading direction of a fracturing crack, accurately evaluates the weakening effect of the fracturing of the hard roof, provides technical and data support for checking and improving the accuracy of fracturing design and improving the forced caving quality of the hard roof, and overcomes the technical defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard top plate of a coal seam combined with a well and a ground, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: conveying the drilling fluid into a fracturing drilling hole by using an in-hole television detection device, performing video scanning on the inner wall of the hole in a uniform-speed drawing mode, performing video, photo and data real-time monitoring through an out-of-hole data acquisition and video and picture recording system, grasping the development condition of cracks in the drilling hole under the original condition, fixing a power supply electrode and moving a measurement electrode, performing sector scanning on a working surface by taking an emission point as a center, covering the whole working surface, and detecting and dividing original low-resistance areas around;
step two: arranging a plurality of microseism signal monitoring points on two underground crossroads, and monitoring the microseism generation position within a vertical 30m range; arranging a plurality of microseism signal monitoring points at the position of the ground corresponding to a fracturing area, and monitoring the microseism generation position in a plane fracturing area to realize real-time and accurate monitoring and analysis of the fracture development conditions of the plane and section fracture of a working face;
step three: after fracturing, acquiring the fracture initiation position and direction of a fracture; acquiring the resistivity distribution characteristics of a fracturing area, comparing and analyzing the development scale and the distribution form of the fracturing fracture by combining the detection result before fracturing, and judging the initiation position and direction of the fracturing fracture, the development scale and the distribution form of the fracture by integrating the real-time monitoring results of the ground and underground microseismic;
step four: after the fracturing crack monitoring and revealing are completed, the ore pressure display characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face in the stoping process of the crack development influence area are monitored, the fracturing effect is accurately evaluated by comparing and analyzing the ore pressure display characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face with the non-fractured area, and a better and accurate design basis is provided for treating the area under the similar geological conditions.
Wherein: the method comprises the steps of working in two grooves of a working face simultaneously, arranging audio electric perspective signal receiving points and audio electric perspective signal power supply points on two sides, wherein the audio electric perspective signal receiving points contain movable measuring electrodes, the audio electric perspective signal power supply points contain power supply emitting electrodes, the intervals between the emitting electrodes are 20m, and the intervals between the audio electric perspective signal receiving points are 5 m.
Wherein: and continuously transmitting by the transmitting electrode, moving the moving measuring electrode at an interval of 5m until the moving measuring electrode reaches the position of the next transmitting electrode by 20m, and circulating the steps until the whole working surface is covered.
Wherein: arranging No. 1-15 microseism signal monitoring points on two underground crossheading, acquiring microseism time-space parameter information of a working face plane position, monitoring the working face plane microseism, namely a rock stratum fracture position in a fracturing process, and monitoring the microseism generation position within a vertical 30m range; arranging 16-28 micro seismic signal monitoring points at the position corresponding to the fracturing area on the ground, monitoring the micro-seismic at the section position of the working face, namely the rock stratum fracture position in the fracturing process, and monitoring the micro-seismic generating position in the plane fracturing area.
Wherein: and (3) according to all ground and underground microseismic signals monitored in the fracturing completion process, real-time monitoring and data recording results, drawing a three-dimensional energy dynamic change scatter diagram, and determining the fracture initiation positions of each fracturing section and the fracturing drill hole by observing the position of a seismic source point and combining videos and images detected by a television in the hole.
Wherein: the centralized distribution and extension directions of the energy dispersed points of the single fracturing section and the drill hole in the microseism test result are coupled with the low-resistivity direction displayed by the final result of the audio frequency electric perspective test, and the fracture initiation direction of the fracturing fracture is judged; and comprehensively processing data of the three-dimensional test results of the audio frequency electric perspective and the micro earthquake, drawing a three-dimensional image of the fracture influence direction by taking the minimum exposed fracture influence range in the two methods as a boundary, and revealing the development scale and the spreading form of the fracture.
According to the above content, the comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the coal seam of the well-ground combination has the following effects:
1. real-time and dynamic monitoring of fracture development characteristics in time and space is established, effective data recording and analysis can be realized, and the spatial distribution scale and form of the fracture can be revealed in a multi-method, multi-means and high-precision manner;
2. the fracturing fracture initiation position and direction can be effectively revealed, the development scale and the form of the fracture are combined, the technical support is provided for realizing the accurate design of the directional long drilling track and realizing the controllable parameters, the drilling efficiency can be improved, and the drilling construction difficulty is reduced.
3. By means of multi-method three-dimensional comprehensive detection, full-coverage monitoring of a fracturing area is achieved, a dead zone and a blind section monitored by a conventional method are avoided, monitoring precision is greatly improved, and a fracturing effect is accurately evaluated.
The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the attached drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard roof of a coal seam of a well-ground combination.
Figure 2 shows a diagram of the detection of initial fractures and low resistivity zones in a hole in a fractured zone prior to fracturing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a fracture initiation position and development scale monitoring diagram of a fracture area in the fracturing process of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the location and direction of fractures and low resistance zone detection within a fractured hole of the present invention.
Figure 5 shows a fracture borehole profile of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. the method comprises the following steps of firstly drilling, 2. secondly drilling, 2, 3. an in-hole television detection device, 4. an out-of-hole data acquisition and video picture recording system, 5. an audio electric perspective signal receiving point, 6. an audio electric perspective signal power supply point, 7. a fracture, 8
Monitoring points are arranged underground for the microseismic well 9.
And arranging monitoring points for the micro-seismic ground.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard roof of a coal seam of a well-ground combination is shown.
The comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard top plate of the coal seam combined in the well and the ground integrates various monitoring means such as audio-frequency electric perspective, micro earthquake, underground television and the like, achieves three-dimensional space-time fracturing crack monitoring through the front, middle and rear comprehensive monitoring of the force fracturing of the hard top plate of the coal seam and through ground and underground combined three-dimensional analysis, transparently shows the spreading form and the extending direction of the fracturing crack, and accurately evaluates the weakening effect of the fracturing of the hard top plate. It specifically comprises the following steps (see fig. 1):
the method comprises the following steps: monitoring before fracturing, including audio frequency electric perspective, in-hole transient electromagnetism and an in-hole television, the in-hole television can be used for conveying the in-hole television detection device 3 to a fracturing position of 200m in the fractured first drilling hole 1 or the fractured second drilling hole 2, an orifice supplies power and signals through an explosion-proof computer, signals are transmitted to a probe in the in-hole television detection device 3 through an optical cable, the probe is driven to rotate at a constant speed for 360 degrees through computer control to carry out panoramic video recording, a video recording result is stored through an out-of-hole data acquisition and video picture recording system 4 outside the orifice, and local photographing is carried out at a video discovery crack. After the shooting and video recording are finished at the position, the video scanning of the inner wall of the hole is carried out in a uniform-speed drawing mode, and the video scanning is recorded at intervals of 1m every time. And after the whole fracturing section is scanned, the real-time recording and storage of monitoring videos, photos and data by the extraforaminal data acquisition and video picture recording system 4 are completed. All videos and pictures are provided with coordinate systems, and the scale and the direction of crack development in the drill hole under the original condition are mastered by analyzing the videos and the pictures and the like and combining the pictures and the coordinate systems in the videos. The audio electric perspective and the transient electromagnetism in the hole can be contained in two grooves of a working face to work simultaneously, audio electric perspective signal receiving points 5 and audio electric perspective signal power supply points 6 are arranged on two sides of the working face, the audio electric perspective signal receiving points 5 contain movable measuring electrodes, the audio electric perspective signal power supply points 6 contain power supply emitting electrodes, the intervals of the emitting electrodes are 20m, the intervals of the audio electric perspective signal receiving points 5 are 5m, and a single emitting electrode emitting signal penetrates through the coal mining working face and is transmitted into the movable measuring electrodes. And continuously transmitting by the transmitting electrode, moving the moving measuring electrode at an interval of 5m until the moving measuring electrode reaches the position of the next transmitting electrode by 20m, and circulating the steps until the whole working surface is covered. The moving measuring electrode has the function of having an electric signal value, and X, y and z three-dimensional coordinate values are correspondingly stored in data. And (3) carrying out sector scanning on the working surface by taking the emission point as the center, covering the whole working surface, then exporting the detected resistivity value with the three-dimensional coordinate system stored by the moving measuring electrode, drawing a plane and a three-dimensional resistivity graph through software processing, and dividing the original low-resistance area of the fracturing treatment area.
Step two: monitoring in the fracturing process can comprise a micro-seismic system and pressure and flow data acquisition, when a monitoring area is subjected to fracturing construction, a coal rock body is cracked, a new scale fracture is formed, micro-seismic or large-scale vibration can occur in the fracture forming process, a micro-seismic signal sensor can pick up signals and convert the physical quantity into voltage quantity or electric charge quantity, the moment when each sensor receives the signals is measured through multi-point synchronous data acquisition, the time-space parameters of a micro-seismic source, namely the fracture can be determined together with the coordinates of each sensor and the measured wave velocity, X, Y, Z space coordinate values of a fracture point and the size value of energy J are mainly included, and the fracture position point is displayed in a three-dimensional space through data conversion and processing, so that the purpose of accurate positioning is achieved. Based on the principle, 1-15 microseism signal monitoring points are arranged on two underground crossheading channels, microseism time-space parameter information of the plane position of a working face is mainly acquired, the plane microseism of the working face, namely the rock stratum fracture position in the fracturing process, is monitored, and the microseism generation position in the vertical 30m range is monitored; arranging 16-28 micro seismic signal monitoring points at the position corresponding to a fracturing area on the ground, mainly monitoring the micro-seismic at the section position of a working surface, namely the rock stratum fracture position in the fracturing process, and monitoring the micro-seismic generating position in the plane fracturing area. And projecting the microseismic three-dimensional space-time parameters on the ground and underground into a three-dimensional coordinate graph to determine the fracturing fracture position, the energy and the direction, thereby realizing real-time and accurate monitoring and analysis of the development conditions of the fracture 7 of the flat and profile fracture of the working face.
Step three: monitoring after fracturing, wherein the monitoring can comprise audio frequency electric perspective, in-hole transient electromagnetism and an in-hole television, the in-hole television detection device 3 is used for conveying the fracturing drilling hole into a fracturing drilling hole, in-hole crack detection is carried out according to the in-hole television detection implementation sequence of the fracturing drilling hole in the step 1, compared with the in-hole television detection result in the step 1, and fracturing cracks formed after fracturing are screened to obtain the wall development range of the fracturing crack hole; and (3) analyzing the range of the fracture influence area according to the resistivity three-dimensional distribution result of the audio-frequency electric perspective test before fracturing in the step (1) and the resistivity result of the test after fracturing. The contrast data mainly takes the resistivity value before fracturing as a reference, the data after fracturing is converted into a value of difference of the resistivity value before fracturing, and a three-dimensional stereogram of the resistivity distribution characteristic of a fracturing area is drawn by utilizing the data, so that the development scale and the distribution form of the fracturing fracture are displayed. According to all ground and underground microseismic signals monitored in the fracturing completion process, real-time monitoring and data recording results are carried out, a three-dimensional energy dynamic change scatter diagram is drawn, and the fracture initiation positions of each fracturing section and a fracturing drill hole are determined by observing the position of a seismic source point and combining videos and images detected by a television in the hole; the centralized distribution and extension directions of the energy dispersed points of the single fracturing section and the drill hole in the microseism test result are coupled with the low-resistivity direction displayed by the final result of the audio frequency electric perspective test, and the fracture initiation direction of the fracturing fracture is judged; and comprehensively processing data of the three-dimensional test results of the audio frequency electric perspective and the micro earthquake, drawing a three-dimensional image of the fracture influence direction by taking the minimum exposed fracture influence range in the two methods as a boundary, and revealing the development scale and the spreading form of the fracture.
Step four: after the fracturing crack monitoring and revealing is completed, the ore pressure appearance characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face in the stoping process of the crack development influence area are monitored by 'three shifts and three shifts' for 24 hours, and the fracturing effect is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the ore pressure appearance characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face with the uncracked area. According to the fracture distribution form, the scale, the direction and the fracture treatment effect after fracturing, parameters such as the arrangement number, the drilling length and the drilling distance of fracturing drilling holes under the geological condition are screened out, and fracturing combination parameters such as the number of single-hole fracturing sections and the intervals of the fracturing sections under the geological condition are designed so as to ensure the fracture treatment effect. The screening of the parameter combination can provide a better and accurate design basis for treating areas under similar geological conditions.
Therefore, the well-ground combined coal seam hard roof staged hydraulic fracturing effect three-dimensional comprehensive space-time monitoring technology has the following advantages:
(1) fracture space-time monitoring design
The method is characterized in that underground directional long-drilling hydraulic fracturing cracks are used as monitoring objects, continuous-time dynamic fracturing crack development characteristic monitoring is formed before, during and after the fracturing in time, monitoring instruments are arranged on the ground, in underground drilling holes, in underground two roadways and on a coal seam bottom plate in space to perform comprehensive three-dimensional monitoring on the cracks, the spreading form and the extending direction of the fracturing cracks are revealed, and the fracturing effect is comprehensively evaluated.
(2) Detecting the crack in the drill hole and the surrounding low-resistance area under the original condition: observing and recording borehole wall images by using an in-hole television detection technology and a plane reflection automatic camera instrument, and displaying the combination of fracture development position and degree under the original condition; and (3) before fracturing is tested by the audio frequency electric perspective technology, the resistivity distribution characteristics of a fracturing area are judged, and the original low-group area of the working face is identified.
(3) Detecting the development positions of a fracture plane and a section in the fracturing process: performing vertical distribution characteristics of crack development positions in a fracturing process in real time through a ground microseismic monitoring system; and accurately monitoring and analyzing the development condition of the fracturing crack of the working face in the fracturing process by utilizing the underground coal seam working face two-gate-groove microseismic monitoring system.
(4) After fracturing, acquiring fracture initiation positions and directions of fracturing fractures, fracture development scale and spreading form: determining the fracture initiation position and direction of the fracture by using the television detection result in the hole after fracturing and combining the television detection result in the hole before fracturing; and comparing and analyzing the development scale and the spreading form of the fractured fractures by the resistivity distribution characteristics of the fractured region through audio-frequency electric perspective after fracturing and combining the detection result before fracturing. And (4) integrating the real-time monitoring results of the ground and underground microseismic, and judging and identifying the fracture initiation position and direction, the fracture development scale and the distribution form of the fracture.
(5) Hard roof fracture effect analysis: after the fracturing crack monitoring and revealing are completed, according to the ore pressure display characteristics in the stoping process of the monitored crack development influence area, the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face, the fracturing effect is accurately evaluated by comparing and analyzing the deformation conditions with the uncrushed area, and more accurate design basis is provided for the area treatment under similar geological conditions.
It should be apparent that the foregoing description and illustrations are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, application or uses. While embodiments have been described in the embodiments and depicted in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the particular examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the embodiments as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard roof of a coal seam combined with a well and a ground is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: conveying the drilling fluid into a fracturing drilling hole by using an in-hole and in-hole television detection device, performing video scanning on the inner wall of the hole in a uniform-speed drawing mode, performing video, photo and data real-time monitoring through an out-of-hole data acquisition and video and picture recording system, grasping the development condition of a crack in the drilling hole under the original condition, fixing a power supply electrode, moving a measurement electrode, performing sector scanning on a working surface by taking a transmitting point as a center, covering the whole working surface, and detecting and dividing original low-resistance areas around;
step two: arranging a plurality of microseism signal monitoring points on two underground crossroads, and monitoring the microseism generation position within a vertical 30m range; arranging a plurality of microseism signal monitoring points at the position of the ground corresponding to a fracturing area, and monitoring the microseism generation position in a plane fracturing area to realize real-time and accurate monitoring and analysis of the fracture development conditions of the plane and section fracture of a working face;
step three: after fracturing, acquiring the fracture initiation position and direction of a fracture; acquiring the resistivity distribution characteristics of a fracturing area, comparing and analyzing the development scale and the distribution form of the fracturing fracture by combining the detection result before fracturing, and judging the initiation position and direction of the fracturing fracture, the development scale and the distribution form of the fracture by integrating the real-time monitoring results of the ground and underground microseismic;
step four: after the fracturing crack monitoring and revealing are completed, the ore pressure display characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face in the stoping process of the crack development influence area are monitored, the fracturing effect is accurately evaluated by comparing and analyzing the ore pressure display characteristics and the deformation conditions of the gate way and the working face with the non-fractured area, and a better and accurate design basis is provided for treating the area under the similar geological conditions.
2. The comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the coal seam combined with the well and the ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the steps of working in two grooves of a working face simultaneously, arranging audio electric perspective signal receiving points and audio electric perspective signal power supply points on two sides, wherein the audio electric perspective signal receiving points contain movable measuring electrodes, the audio electric perspective signal power supply points contain power supply emitting electrodes, the intervals between the emitting electrodes are 20m, and the intervals between the audio electric perspective signal receiving points are 5 m.
3. The comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the coal seam combined with the well and the ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and continuously transmitting by the transmitting electrode, moving the moving measuring electrode at an interval of 5m until the moving measuring electrode reaches the position of the next transmitting electrode by 20m, and circulating the steps until the whole working surface is covered.
4. The comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the coal seam combined with the well and the ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein: arranging No. 1-15 microseism signal monitoring points on two underground crossheading, acquiring microseism time-space parameter information of a working face plane position, monitoring the working face plane microseism, namely a rock stratum fracture position in a fracturing process, and monitoring the microseism generation position within a vertical 30m range; arranging 16-28 micro seismic signal monitoring points at the position corresponding to the fracturing area on the ground, monitoring the micro-seismic at the section position of the working face, namely the rock stratum fracture position in the fracturing process, and monitoring the micro-seismic generating position in the plane fracturing area.
5. The comprehensive monitoring method for the staged hydraulic fracturing of the hard roof of the coal seam combined with the well and the ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) according to all ground and underground microseismic signals monitored in the fracturing completion process, real-time monitoring and data recording results, drawing a three-dimensional energy dynamic change scatter diagram, and determining the fracture initiation positions of each fracturing section and the fracturing drill hole by observing the position of a seismic source point and combining videos and images detected by a television in the hole.
6. The comprehensive monitoring method for staged hydraulic fracturing of a hard roof of a well-ground combined coal seam according to claim 5, wherein: the centralized distribution and extension directions of the energy dispersed points of the single fracturing section and the drill hole in the microseism test result are coupled with the low-resistivity direction displayed by the final result of the audio frequency electric perspective test, and the fracture initiation direction of the fracturing fracture is judged; and comprehensively processing data of the three-dimensional test results of the audio frequency electric perspective and the micro earthquake, drawing a three-dimensional image of the fracture influence direction by taking the minimum exposed fracture influence range in the two methods as a boundary, and revealing the development scale and the spreading form of the fracture.
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