CN111792956A - Closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and fermentation method - Google Patents
Closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792956A CN111792956A CN202010903076.0A CN202010903076A CN111792956A CN 111792956 A CN111792956 A CN 111792956A CN 202010903076 A CN202010903076 A CN 202010903076A CN 111792956 A CN111792956 A CN 111792956A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and a fermentation method, and the fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank body, wherein a heat-insulating interlayer is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank body, a feed inlet capable of being closed is formed in the top end of the fermentation tank body, a discharge outlet capable of being closed is formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body, a motor is arranged at one end, away from the discharge outlet, of the bottom of the fermentation tank body, a speed reducer is connected to the middle of a motor connecting shaft, a vertically arranged connecting rod is arranged on the speed reducer, the connecting rod penetrates through the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank body and extends into the fermentation; the outside of fermentation cylinder body is provided with the blast pipe, and roots's fan is connected to the blast pipe outer end, and the other one end of blast pipe communicates with the one end of bleeder, and the other one end of bleeder stretches into inside the fermentation cylinder body. The invention greatly improves the production efficiency, improves the harmless effect of the organic fertilizer and reduces the pollution emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer decomposition equipment, and relates to a closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and a fermentation method.
Background
The organic fertilizer is prepared by continuously fermenting and decomposing organic agricultural and pastoral waste at high temperature by a biological method, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the organic fertilizer, and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including: various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production.
The traditional organic fertilizer production is carried out in a composting way, but the fermentation time of composting decomposition fermentation is long, the conditions such as temperature, moisture and the like are poorly controlled, and the fermentation can be completed in several months; in addition, in order to ensure the fermentation temperature, the fermentation process is usually carried out in a large pond and strip stack stacking mode, the height of an organic fertilizer stack is generally 1.2-1.5m, a large amount of space is occupied, the production site is large in demand, a plurality of sites are required for recycling in continuous production, and the production cost is increased; the compost is open fermentation, the percolate of the compost pile easily pollutes underground water, and the volatilized odor pollutes air. Therefore, the composting mode is contrary to the concept of high efficiency, low consumption and environmental protection in the modern society, and the organic fertilizer fermentation industry needs to wait for the modernized solid-state fermentation equipment to improve the production efficiency.
The production of organic fertilizer in the prior art is also carried out by adopting a box type fermentation device, but generally middle and small tank type fermentation is adopted. The common small and medium-sized tank type device has the problems of small tank volume and low production efficiency. Because the internal pressure of the materials is increased sharply along with the increase of the stack height, the design of the common small and medium-sized fermentation tank cannot be amplified in the same proportion, most of the designs are not suitable for large-sized fermentation tanks, and the problem is particularly prominent in the aspects of material loading ratio, fermentation uniformity, discharging, stirring blade resistance and the like. Although the horizontal fermentation drum can also perform large-scale fermentation, the horizontal fermentation drum has low charging coefficient and low equipment utilization rate, which leads to low production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a closed type all-solid continuous organic fertilizer fermentation apparatus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank body, wherein the fermentation tank body is a cylindrical tank body with an inverted cone-shaped bottom, a heat-insulating interlayer is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank body, a feed inlet capable of being closed is formed in the top end of the fermentation tank body, a discharge outlet capable of being closed is formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body, the fermentation tank body is supported by a base to be vertical, a motor is arranged at one end, away from the discharge outlet, of the bottom of the fermentation tank body, a speed reducer is connected to the middle of a motor connecting shaft, a vertically arranged connecting rod is arranged on the speed reducer, the connecting rod penetrates through the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank;
the outside of fermentation cylinder body is provided with the blast pipe, and roots's fan is connected to the blast pipe outer end, and the other one end of blast pipe communicates with the one end of bleeder, and the other one end of bleeder stretches into inside the fermentation cylinder body.
Further, fermentation cylinder body lateral part sets up the material hoisting device who is used for fermentation cylinder body transported substance material, material hoisting device's pipeline and feed inlet intercommunication.
Further, the other end of the branch pipe extends into the fermentation tank body at the position 2m away from the outer side wall of the fermentation tank body at the bottom of the fermentation tank body.
Furthermore, the length of the branch pipe in the fermentation tank body is 30-80 cm.
Further, the lateral pipe inside the fermentation tank body is horizontally arranged.
Further, the base comprises 3-4 evenly distributed struts.
Furthermore, the number of the branch pipes is 3-5, and all the branch pipes are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the fermentation tank body at the same horizontal height.
Furthermore, the diameter of the fermentation tank body is 3-6m, and the height of the fermentation tank body is 9-20 m.
A fermentation method of a closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device comprises the following steps;
s1, feed: the materials are mixed and then loaded at the bottom of the material lifting device, the material lifting device conveys the materials to a feeding hole through a lifting bucket, the materials are unloaded, and then the materials are returned to the bottom, and the steps are repeated until all the materials are completely filled;
s2: after the charging is finished, the Roots blower is opened, air enters the interior of the fermentation tank body and the interior of the material through the air supply pipe and the branch pipe, oxygen is provided for the material, aerobic microorganisms are propagated violently and generate oxidative decomposition activity, the material is oxidized and decomposed by organisms to generate a large amount of heat, and the temperature of the material is raised under the action of the heat insulation interlayer;
s3, fermentation: after fermentation for 5-15 days, under the fermentation action of high temperature and microorganisms, the materials are harmless and reach a certain degree of decomposition;
s4, discharging: starting a motor, driving a speed reducer by the motor, driving a spiral reamer by a connecting rod by the speed reducer, cutting the materials above the spiral reamer when the spiral reamer rotates, transferring the materials to an inverted cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank body by the aid of a collapse effect caused by self weight of the materials, gathering the materials, and discharging the materials out of the fermentation tank through a discharge port;
s5: steps S1-S4 are repeated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the volume of the invention is 60-125m3The charging rate is more than 85 percent, stirring is not needed, the fermentation temperature from high temperature (60-80 ℃) to ultra-high temperature (more than 80 ℃) can be reached, the spiral reamer is operated to rotate to cut the upper material, and the material is accumulated at the inverted cone part at the bottom of the fermentation tank body under the action of collapse caused by dead weight and is discharged through the discharge hole, so that continuous discharging is realized;
a material lifting device is arranged outside the fermentation tank, the materials are mixed and then loaded at the bottom of the lifting device, and the lifting device conveys the materials to a feed port at the upper part of the fermentation tank through a lifting hopper for loading, so that continuous feeding is realized; the air supply pipe and the fan provide air for the materials in the tank, and the materials can be uniformly fermented without stirring by controlling the pressure of the air inlet; the trap structure has the function of preventing the percolate in the material from being poured into the fan when the fan is stopped; the heat preservation interlayer can keep the materials in the tank to be normally fermented at the ambient temperature of lower than-15 ℃, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, the harmless effect of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the pollution emission is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a material lifting device; 2. a feed inlet; 3. a fermenter body; 4. a heat-insulating interlayer; 5. a Roots blower; 6. a water trap; 7. an air supply pipe; 8. a base; 9. a motor; 10. a speed reducer; 11. a helical reamer; 12. a connecting rod; 13. a discharge port; 14. A branch pipe.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g. as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in the figure, the closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank body 3, wherein the fermentation tank body 3 is a cylindrical tank body with an inverted cone-shaped bottom, the diameter of the fermentation tank body 3 is 3-6m, the tank height of the fermentation tank body 3 is 9-20m, and a heat-insulating interlayer 4 is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank body 3; the top end of the fermentation tank body 3 is provided with a closable feeding hole 2, the bottom of the fermentation tank body 3 is provided with a closable discharging hole 13, and the fermentation tank body 3 is supported and erected in a ground-off mode by a base 8 with 3-4 pillars.
Keep away from discharge gate 13 one end in the base 8 and be provided with motor 9, the middle part of motor 9 connecting axle is connected with speed reducer 10, has a connecting rod 12 of vertical setting on the speed reducer 10, inside connecting rod 12 passed the center department of 3 bottoms of fermentation cylinder body and stretched into fermentation cylinder body 3, fixed connection spiral reamer 11 on the part in connecting rod 12 stretched into fermentation cylinder body 3.
3 lateral parts of fermentation cylinder body set up and are used for 3 transported substance's of fermentation cylinder body material hoisting device 1, material hoisting device 1's pipeline and feed inlet 2 intercommunication. The outside of fermentation cylinder body 3 is provided with air feed pipe 7, and roots's fan 5 is connected to air feed pipe 7 outer end, and the other end of air feed pipe 7 and the one end of bleeder 14 communicate, and the quantity of bleeder 14 is 3-5, and the other end of bleeder 14 stretches into fermentation cylinder body 3 inside at the 3 lateral wall departments of fermentation cylinder body 3 apart from 2m in fermentation cylinder body 3 bottom. The length of the inner end of the branch pipe 14 is 30-80 cm. Each lateral pipe 14 is evenly distributed along the same horizontal height of the periphery of the fermentation tank body 3, and the lateral pipes 14 inside the fermentation tank body 3 are horizontally arranged. The pipe of the air feed pipe 7 is in an inverted U shape with the height of 4-8m, and forms a trap 6.
The uppermost end of the connecting rod 12 inside the fermenter body 3 is close to the horizontal position of the branch pipe 14.
The fermentation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the materials are mixed and then loaded at the bottom of the material lifting device 1, the material lifting device 1 conveys the materials to the feeding hole 2 through the lifting bucket and discharges the materials, and the materials are returned to the bottom, and the process is repeated until all the materials are completely filled. Open roots's fan 5 after finishing loading, the air is inside through blast pipe 7 and bleeder 14 entering fermentation cylinder body 3 and the material is inside, for the material provides oxygen, aerobic microorganism is bred violently to take place the oxidative decomposition activity, the material is decomposed by biological oxidation, produces gas such as CO2, produces a large amount of heats, under the effect of heat preservation intermediate layer 4, the material intensifies, can reach 85 ℃ at most.
During the shutdown of the Roots blower 5, the percolate of the material reversely enters the air feed pipe 7 through the branch pipe 14. The trap 6 isolates the exudate in the interior of the pipe of the air supply pipe 7, and prevents the exudate from entering the Roots blower 5 through the air supply pipe 7. Along with the increase of the effusion, the liquid level of the effusion in the air feed pipe 7 gradually rises, along with the increase of the liquid level, the liquid pressure is gradually increased, the liquid pressure in the air feed pipe 7 gradually reaches the balance with the liquid pressure of the fermentation chamber, and the liquid level is maintained not to be increased any more. A U-shaped pipe function is formed between the water trap 6 and the fermentation tank body 3.
After 5-15 days of fermentation, under the fermentation action of high temperature and microorganisms, the materials are harmless and reach a certain degree of decomposition. Starting motor 9, motor 9 drives speed reducer 10, and speed reducer 10 passes through connecting rod 12 and drives spiral reamer 11, and the top material is cut when spiral reamer 11 rotates, and the effect of collapsing that the material dead weight caused makes it transport to the back taper of 3 bottoms of fermentation cylinder body in and gather, outside 13 discharge fermentation cylinders through the discharge gate. The material has completed the whole organic fertilizer fermentation process this moment.
The feeding, fermenting and discharging processes can be continuously carried out. Under the cooperation of each device, the material constantly gets into fermentation cylinder body 3 through material hoisting device 1, and the material of accomplishing the fermentation simultaneously constantly discharges from discharge gate 13.
The invention has large charging capacity and can accommodate 60-125m3The organic fertilizer fermentation material does not need to be stirred, can enable the material temperature to reach the fermentation temperature from high temperature (60-80 ℃) to ultra-high temperature (more than 80 ℃) without heating, realizes high-temperature and ultra-high-temperature fermentation, thereby shortening the fermentation time of months of traditional compost to about 15d, greatly improving the production efficiency, promoting the harmless effect of the organic fertilizer and reducing the pollution emission.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device is characterized in that: the fermentation tank comprises a fermentation tank body (3), wherein the fermentation tank body (3) is a cylindrical tank body with an inverted cone-shaped bottom, a heat insulation interlayer (4) is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank body (3), a feed inlet (2) capable of being closed is formed in the top end of the fermentation tank body (3), a discharge outlet (13) capable of being closed is formed in the bottom of the fermentation tank body (3), the fermentation tank body (3) is supported by a base (8) to be upright, a motor (9) is arranged at one end, far away from the discharge outlet (13), of the bottom of the fermentation tank body (3), the middle of a connecting shaft of the motor (9) is connected with a speed reducer (10), a vertically arranged connecting rod (12) is arranged on the speed reducer (10), the connecting rod (12) penetrates through the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank body (3) and extends into the fermentation tank body;
an air supply pipe (7) is arranged outside the fermentation tank body (3), the outer end of the air supply pipe (7) is connected with the Roots blower (5), the other end of the air supply pipe (7) is communicated with one end of the branch pipe (14), and the other end of the branch pipe (14) extends into the fermentation tank body (3).
2. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fermentation tank body (3) lateral part sets up material hoisting device (1) that is used for fermentation tank body (3) transported substance material, and the pipeline and the feed inlet (2) intercommunication of material hoisting device (1).
3. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the other end of the branch pipe (14) extends into the fermentation tank body (3) at the outer side wall of the fermentation tank body (3) 2m away from the bottom of the fermentation tank body (3).
4. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the length of the branch pipe (14) in the fermentation tank body (3) is 30-80 cm.
5. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the branch pipe (14) in the fermentation tank body (3) is horizontally arranged.
6. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base (8) comprises 3-4 evenly distributed struts.
7. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the branch pipes (14) is 3-5, and all the branch pipes (14) are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the fermentation tank body (3) at the same horizontal height.
8. The closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the fermentation tank body (3) is 3-6m, and the height of the fermentation tank body (3) is 9-20 m.
9. A fermentation method of a closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device is characterized by comprising the following steps;
s1, feed: the materials are mixed and then loaded at the bottom of the material lifting device (1), the material lifting device (1) conveys the materials to the feeding hole (2) through a lifting bucket, the materials are unloaded, and then the materials are returned to the bottom, and the steps are repeated until all the materials are completely loaded;
s2: after the materials are charged, the Roots blower (5) is opened, air enters the interior of the fermentation tank body (3) and the interior of the materials through the air supply pipe (7) and the branch pipe (14) to provide oxygen for the materials, aerobic microorganisms are propagated violently and generate oxidative decomposition activity, the materials are oxidized and decomposed by organisms to generate a large amount of heat, and the materials are heated under the action of the heat insulation interlayer (4);
s3, fermentation: after fermentation for 5-15 days, under the fermentation action of high temperature and microorganisms, the materials are harmless and reach a certain degree of decomposition;
s4, discharging: starting a motor (9), driving a speed reducer (10) by the motor (9), driving a spiral reamer (11) by the speed reducer (10) through a connecting rod (12), cutting materials above the spiral reamer (11) when the spiral reamer (11) rotates, transferring the materials to an inverted cone at the bottom of the fermentation tank body (3) by the aid of a collapse effect caused by self weight of the materials, gathering the materials, and discharging the materials out of the fermentation tank body (3) through a discharge hole (13);
s5: steps S1-S4 are repeated.
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| CN202010903076.0A CN111792956A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and fermentation method |
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| CN202010903076.0A CN111792956A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Closed all-solid-state continuous organic fertilizer fermentation device and fermentation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114538978A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | Circulating heat compensation type organic fertilizer fermentation device in cold area and use method thereof |
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| CN105541420A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽工业大学 | Continuous aerobic composting device and disposal method for dead livestock and poultry on livestock and poultry farm |
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| CN114538978A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | Circulating heat compensation type organic fertilizer fermentation device in cold area and use method thereof |
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