CN111791344A - A molding system, production line and production line working method for fly ash volume reduction - Google Patents
A molding system, production line and production line working method for fly ash volume reduction Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims description 162
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
- B28B3/06—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould with two or more ram and mould sets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
- B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
- B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及飞灰处理的领域,尤其是涉及一种用于飞灰减容的成型系统、生产线及生产线工作方法。The present application relates to the field of fly ash treatment, and in particular, to a molding system, production line and production line working method for fly ash volume reduction.
背景技术Background technique
随着城市建设的发展和城市规模的扩大,城市人口数量骤增,生活垃圾产量也快速增长,使原有的垃圾填埋场日益饱和或已经饱和,而新的填埋场却因各种原因选址困难,采取垃圾焚烧的方法可以大大减少生活垃圾的体积,从而更大限度地延长现有垃圾填埋场的使用寿命。随着垃圾焚烧技术越来越广泛地在国内外推广,所产生的垃圾飞灰越来越多。生活垃圾焚烧后会产生占垃圾总质量25%左右的炉渣及3%-5%的飞灰。飞灰包括有Mn、Mg、Sn、 Cd、 Pb、Cr等重金属元素及二噁英类有机物,属于危险废物,其安全处理日益受到国内为的关注。With the development of urban construction and the expansion of urban scale, the number of urban population has increased sharply, and the output of domestic waste has also increased rapidly, making the original landfill increasingly saturated or already saturated, while the new landfill is due to various reasons. Site selection is difficult, and the method of waste incineration can greatly reduce the volume of domestic waste, thereby maximizing the service life of existing landfills. As waste incineration technology is widely promoted at home and abroad, more and more waste fly ash is produced. After the incineration of domestic waste, slag, which accounts for about 25% of the total mass of the waste, and fly ash, which is 3% to 5%, will be produced. Fly ash includes heavy metal elements such as Mn, Mg, Sn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and dioxin-like organic compounds, and belongs to hazardous waste, and its safe disposal has increasingly attracted domestic attention.
垃圾飞灰在填埋前,需要与螯合剂混合反应进行稳化,以防止内部的重金属遇水浸出污染环境。飞灰是非常细小的粉尘,飞灰颗粒非常松散地堆积在一起,即使在稳化之后,颗粒间依然存在明显的间隙,且飞灰由于生成的过程影响,其往往具有一定的孔隙率。由于这些空隙和孔隙的存在,飞灰的密度很小,表观体积庞大,在进行垃圾填埋时占用空间大,空间利用率低。Before the landfill, the fly ash needs to be mixed with a chelating agent for stabilization, so as to prevent the internal heavy metals from leaching out of water and polluting the environment. Fly ash is very fine dust, and the fly ash particles are very loosely packed together. Even after stabilization, there are still obvious gaps between the particles, and due to the influence of the generation process, fly ash often has a certain porosity. Due to the existence of these voids and pores, the density of fly ash is small, the apparent volume is huge, and the landfill takes up a lot of space and the space utilization rate is low.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了提高填埋时的空间利用率,本申请提供一种用于飞灰减容的成型系统、生产线及生产线工作方法。In order to improve the space utilization rate during landfill, the present application provides a molding system, a production line and a production line working method for fly ash volume reduction.
第一方面,本申请提供一种用于飞灰减容的成型系统,采用如下的技术方案:In the first aspect, the application provides a molding system for fly ash volume reduction, which adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于飞灰减容的成型系统,包括工作台、设置于工作台上的阴模、用于驱动阴模在工作台上升降的驱动装置、设置于阴模上方的阳模、以及用于驱动阳模在工作台上升降的压动装置,所述阴模包括若干个用于容纳稳化飞灰的通格,所述阳模包括若干个与通格对应且适配的压块,所述压动装置推动或抬起压块以使压块嵌入或脱离通格。。A molding system for fly ash volume reduction, comprising a worktable, a female mold set on the worktable, a driving device for driving the female mold to rise and fall on the worktable, a male mold disposed above the female mold, and a For the pressing device that drives the male mold to rise and fall on the worktable, the female mold includes a plurality of grids for accommodating stabilized fly ash, and the male mold includes a plurality of pressing blocks corresponding to and adapted to the grids, The pressing device pushes or lifts the pressing block to insert or disengage the pressing block. .
通过采用上述技术方案,阴模的通格和工作台相配合,形成用于盛放稳化飞灰的腔体。阳模的压块与通格对应且适配,能够在通格内沿通格的侧壁滑动。在使用时,压动装置驱动阳模朝向阴模移动,压块进入通格中并将通格内的稳化飞灰压实呈砖块,此时稳化飞灰的密度增大,体积减小。由于螯合后的稳化飞灰具有一定的粘性,稳化飞灰在被压缩后与阴模的内壁具有一定的作用力,因此在压实后,阳模不动,向上移动阴模,使得通格的格壁与砖块发生相对滑动,以解除砖块与通格格壁的粘接。再向上移动阳模,使压块远离砖块的顶部;向上移动阴模,使得通格的格壁与砖块相脱离。由此得到压缩后的砖块,砖块可以进行堆垛打包,以方便后期的运输和堆放,能够有效提高飞灰填埋时垃圾填埋场的空间利用率。By adopting the above technical solution, the cavity of the female mold and the worktable are matched to form a cavity for holding the stabilized fly ash. The pressing block of the male mold corresponds to and fits with the grid, and can slide along the side wall of the grid in the grid. When in use, the pressing device drives the male mold to move toward the female mold, and the briquetting block enters the grid and compacts the stabilized fly ash in the grid into bricks. At this time, the density of the stabilized fly ash increases and the volume decreases. Small. Since the stabilized fly ash after chelation has a certain viscosity, the stabilized fly ash has a certain force with the inner wall of the female mold after being compressed. Therefore, after compaction, the male mold does not move, and the female mold moves upward, making the The walls of the Tongge slide relative to the bricks to release the bonding between the bricks and the walls of the Tongge. Then move the male mold up to keep the pressing block away from the top of the brick; move the female mold up to make the wall of the tong grid separate from the brick. Thereby, the compressed bricks are obtained, and the bricks can be stacked and packed to facilitate later transportation and stacking, which can effectively improve the space utilization rate of the landfill when the fly ash is landfilled.
优选的,所述通格的长宽规格为500mm×250mm。Preferably, the length and width of the general grid are 500mm×250mm.
通过采用上述技术方案,压缩出的砖块体积较大,相比于小规格的通格,更方便砖块的转运和堆垛,且堆垛而成的砖堆内部相互作用力强,整体结构稳定不易散架坍塌。By adopting the above technical solutions, the compressed bricks have a larger volume, which is more convenient for the transportation and stacking of bricks compared with the small-sized tongs, and the stacked bricks have strong internal interaction force, and the overall structure Stable and not easy to fall apart.
第二方面,本申请提供一种用于飞灰减容的生产线,采用如下的技术方案:In the second aspect, the application provides a production line for fly ash volume reduction, which adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于飞灰减容的生产线,包括上述的成型系统,还包括用于将螯合剂和飞灰按比例混合均匀的稳化系统、用于将稳化系统内的稳化飞灰传送至成型系统的上料系统、以及用于将砖块码垛成堆的码垛系统。A production line for volume reduction of fly ash, comprising the above-mentioned molding system, also comprising a stabilization system for uniformly mixing chelating agent and fly ash in proportion, and for transferring the stabilized fly ash in the stabilization system to a Feeding systems for forming systems, and palletizing systems for stacking bricks.
通过采用上述技术方案,稳化系统将螯合剂和飞灰按比例混合均匀,从而形成稳化飞灰。螯合剂能够与飞灰中的重金属发生反应,生成形成螯合物从而被稳定化,飞灰颗粒之间发生了粘连现象,能长期稳定飞灰中的重金属,大大降低焚烧飞灰中重金属的活动性,稳定化后的飞灰在卫生填埋场中具有长期的稳定性,飞灰固化达到生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准,使得固化飞灰可进入一般的卫生填埋场填埋。By adopting the above technical solution, the stabilization system mixes the chelating agent and the fly ash uniformly in proportion to form the stabilized fly ash. The chelating agent can react with the heavy metals in the fly ash to form chelates which are stabilized. The adhesion phenomenon occurs between the fly ash particles, which can stabilize the heavy metals in the fly ash for a long time and greatly reduce the activity of heavy metals in the incineration fly ash. The stabilized fly ash has long-term stability in sanitary landfills, and the solidification of fly ash meets the pollution control standards for domestic waste landfills, so that the solidified fly ash can enter general sanitary landfills for landfill.
上料系统将稳化飞灰传送到成型系统中,成型系统对稳化飞灰进行压制,形成砖块。相比于常规的粉末状废弃物处理,比如煤渣,本方法无须额外使用粘合剂或成形剂,用于稳化的螯合剂能够使得飞灰之间产生粘性,从而使得压制而成的砖块稳定存在,不易发生崩塌散架。The feeding system transfers the stabilized fly ash to the forming system, and the forming system presses the stabilized fly ash to form bricks. Compared with conventional powdery waste treatment, such as cinder, this method does not need to use additional binders or forming agents, and the chelating agent used for stabilization can make the fly ash stick together, so that the pressed bricks Stable existence, not easy to collapse and fall apart.
码垛系统将砖块转移出工作台并码垛成堆,既能够空出工作台,也能形成砖方以提高砖块的空间利用率。The palletizing system transfers the bricks out of the workbench and stacks them into piles, which can not only empty the workbench, but also form bricks to improve the space utilization of the bricks.
优选的,所述稳化系统包括用于定量输出飞灰的称重装置、用于调配螯合剂浓度并定量输出的调配装置、以及连通于称重装置和调配装置的搅拌装置,所述搅拌装置对飞灰和螯合剂进行搅拌以形成带有粘性的稳化飞灰。Preferably, the stabilization system includes a weighing device for quantitatively outputting fly ash, a dispensing device for preparing the concentration of the chelating agent and quantitatively outputting it, and a stirring device connected to the weighing device and the dispensing device, the stirring device The fly ash and chelating agent are agitated to form a viscous stabilized fly ash.
通过采用上述技术方案,称重装置称量出一定重量的飞灰,调配装置也量取出与称量出的飞灰形成预设比例的螯合剂,飞灰和螯合剂通入搅拌装置,搅拌装置将其混合均匀,形成稳化飞灰。用于稳化的螯合剂能够使得飞灰之间产生粘性,从而使得压制而成的砖块稳定存在,不易发生崩塌散架。By adopting the above technical scheme, the weighing device weighs a certain weight of fly ash, the blending device also measures out the chelating agent in a preset ratio with the weighed fly ash, the fly ash and the chelating agent are passed into the stirring device, and the stirring device It is mixed well to form stabilized fly ash. The chelating agent used for stabilization can make the fly ash sticky, so that the pressed bricks exist stably and are not prone to collapse and fall apart.
优选的,所述上料系统包括连于搅拌装置的暂存仓、以及连于暂存仓底部的喂料装置,所述喂料装置间断性地将暂存仓内的稳化飞灰推向阴模上方。Preferably, the feeding system includes a temporary storage bin connected to the stirring device, and a feeding device connected to the bottom of the temporary storage bin, the feeding device intermittently pushes the stabilized fly ash in the temporary storage bin to the above the negative mold.
通过采用上述技术方案,暂存仓能够对稳化飞灰进行暂存,稳化系统的出料速度快于成型系统的压缩速度,以保证成型系统持续工作。暂存仓能够对多余的稳化飞灰进行暂存,并调控稳化系统的出料速度,以防止稳化飞灰的溢出。By adopting the above technical solution, the temporary storage bin can temporarily store the stabilized fly ash, and the discharge speed of the stabilization system is faster than the compression speed of the molding system, so as to ensure the continuous operation of the molding system. The temporary storage bin can temporarily store the excess stabilized fly ash and regulate the discharge speed of the stabilization system to prevent the overflow of the stabilized fly ash.
优选的,所述码垛系统包括暂存台、设置于暂存台上的托盘、用于旋转托盘的旋转装置、以及用于将工作台上的砖块抓取至托盘上并码垛的机械臂。Preferably, the palletizing system includes a temporary storage table, a pallet set on the temporary storage table, a rotating device for rotating the pallet, and a machine for grabbing the bricks on the worktable onto the pallet and stacking them arm.
通过采用上述技术方案,机械臂将工作台上的砖块及时转移,以避免成型系统在下一个工作周期被上一周期生产的砖块干涉。旋转装置通过旋转使得相邻砖层的砖块相互交错,依靠自身重量提供足够的摩擦力,从而实现砖垛整体的固定。By adopting the above technical solution, the robotic arm transfers the bricks on the worktable in time to avoid the forming system being interfered by the bricks produced in the previous cycle in the next working cycle. The rotating device makes the bricks of adjacent brick layers stagger each other through rotation, and provides sufficient friction force by its own weight, so as to realize the overall fixation of the brick stack.
优选的,还包括打包系统,所述打包系统包括设置于暂存台上的传送轨道,还包括依次设置于传送轨道上的套装装置和翻转装置,所述套装装置包括用于将套袋推动到砖垛上方并对准的对位机构、以及用于抓取套袋的下边缘并向下拉动以套接在砖垛上的拉动机构,所述翻转机构包括设置于传送轨道末端的翻转机、以及用于将移动到传送轨道末端的砖垛推入翻转机内的推动机构。Preferably, it also includes a packing system, the packing system includes a conveying track arranged on the temporary storage table, and also includes a wrapping device and a turning device sequentially arranged on the conveying track, the wrapping device includes a device for pushing the wrapping to the The alignment mechanism above the brick stack and aligned, and the pulling mechanism for grabbing the lower edge of the bag and pulling it down to be sleeved on the brick stack, the turning mechanism includes a turning machine arranged at the end of the conveying track, and a push mechanism for pushing the stacks of bricks moved to the end of the conveyor track into the turner.
通过采用上述技术方案,托盘用于载动砖垛,以便于对砖垛整体进行搬运,避免直接推动砖垛时某块砖块受力较大而发生破损或砖垛整体受力不均而发生解体垮塌。套装装置将套袋与砖垛对准,再将套袋套接在砖垛上,以使得砖垛的外表面与套袋内表面抵接。推动机构将搭载着套袋和砖垛的托盘推入翻转机,翻转机再将套袋和托盘一同翻转,使得托盘置于顶部,且砖垛的底部被套袋托住,以后续将托盘夹离,并通过套袋将砖垛吊离。By adopting the above technical solution, the pallet is used to carry the brick stack, so as to facilitate the overall handling of the brick stack, and avoid damage to a certain brick due to a large force when the brick stack is directly pushed or the overall force of the brick stack is uneven. disintegrate and collapse. The setting device aligns the bag with the brick stack, and then sleeves the bag on the brick stack, so that the outer surface of the brick stack abuts the inner surface of the bag. The push mechanism pushes the pallet carrying the bag and the brick stack into the turning machine, and the turning machine turns the bag and the pallet together, so that the pallet is placed on the top, and the bottom of the brick stack is supported by the bag, so that the pallet can be subsequently clamped away , and lift the brick stacks away by bagging.
优选的,所述套袋为吨袋或打包网,所述打包网由打包带制成。Preferably, the bagging is a ton bag or a packing net, and the packing net is made of packing tape.
第三方面,本申请提供一种用于飞灰减容的生产线的工作方法,采用如下的技术方案:The third aspect, the application provides a kind of working method for the production line of fly ash volume reduction, adopts following technical scheme:
一种用于飞灰减容的生产线的工作方法,包括:A working method for a production line for fly ash volume reduction, comprising:
稳化步骤:按预设比例混合螯合剂和飞灰并搅拌均匀,形成稳化飞灰;Stabilization step: mix the chelating agent and fly ash in a preset ratio and stir evenly to form stabilized fly ash;
上料步骤:将稳化飞灰传送入推框,向阴模的顶部推动推框以使得推框与阴模顶面相对接,稳化飞灰落入阴模内部,并在该过程中对稳化飞灰进行破拱;其中,推框底面的大小与阴模顶面的大小相适配,阴模包括若干个呈阵列分布的用于容纳稳化飞灰的通格;Feeding step: transfer the stabilized fly ash into the push frame, push the push frame to the top of the female mold to make the push frame abut against the top surface of the female mold, and the stabilized fly ash falls into the inside of the female mold, and stabilizes it during the process. The size of the bottom surface of the push frame is adapted to the size of the top surface of the female mold, and the female mold includes a plurality of grids distributed in an array for accommodating the stabilized fly ash;
压缩步骤:由上至下驱动阳模压入阴模的通格内,将通格中的稳化飞灰挤压成砖块;其中,阳模上包括有若干个与阴模的通格对应且适配的压块;Compression step: drive the male mold from top to bottom to press into the cavity of the female mold, and extrude the stabilized fly ash in the cavity into bricks; wherein, the male mold includes a number of holes corresponding to the holes of the female mold and suitable pressure block;
脱模步骤:向上移动阴模,使得通格的格壁与砖块发生相对滑动;向上移动阳模,使压块远离砖块的顶部;向上移动阴模,使得通格的格壁与砖块相脱离;Demoulding steps: Move the female mold upwards to make the wall of the Tongge slide relative to the bricks; move the male mold upwards to keep the pressing block away from the top of the bricks; move the female mold upwards to make the wall of the Tongge and the bricks disengage;
码垛步骤:将砖块由出工作台夹持至暂存台的托盘上,逐层堆叠,以上下层交叉90°的方式码垛成堆;Palletizing step: The bricks are clamped from the work table to the pallet of the temporary storage table, stacked layer by layer, and the upper and lower layers are stacked at a 90° angle;
打包步骤:传送托盘和砖垛,在传送过程中将套袋自上而下地套接在砖垛上;对托盘和砖垛进行翻转,使砖垛盛放于套袋内;移除托盘并将套袋吊离传送轨道。Packing steps: transfer the pallet and the brick stack, and sleeve the bag on the brick stack from top to bottom during the conveying process; turn the pallet and the brick stack so that the brick stack is placed in the bag; remove the pallet and put the The bagging is lifted off the conveyor track.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请实施例中一种飞灰减容成型生产线的整体示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of a kind of fly ash volume reduction molding production line in the embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例中稳化系统的整体示意图;Fig. 2 is the overall schematic diagram of the stabilization system in the embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施例中上料系统的整体示意图;Fig. 3 is the overall schematic diagram of the feeding system in the embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请实施例中成型系统的整体示意图;Fig. 4 is the overall schematic diagram of the molding system in the embodiment of the present application;
图5是本申请实施例中码垛系统的整体示意图;Fig. 5 is the overall schematic diagram of the palletizing system in the embodiment of the present application;
图6是本申请实施例中套装装置的整体示意图;Fig. 6 is the overall schematic diagram of the set device in the embodiment of the present application;
图7是本申请实施例中翻转装置的整体示意图。FIG. 7 is an overall schematic diagram of the inversion device in the embodiment of the present application.
附图标记说明:Description of reference numbers:
1、稳化系统;1. Stabilization system;
11、称重装置;111、飞灰储仓;112、出料管;113、飞灰称重器;11, weighing device; 111, fly ash storage bin; 112, discharge pipe; 113, fly ash weighing device;
12、调配装置;121、原料罐;122、水箱;123、药剂称量斗;12. Dispensing device; 121. Raw material tank; 122. Water tank; 123. Pharmaceutical weighing bucket;
13、搅拌装置;131、搅拌机;13. Mixing device; 131. Mixer;
2、上料系统;2. Feeding system;
21、皮带输送机;22、暂存仓;221、出料机构;23、喂料装置;231、推框;232、破拱机构;21, belt conveyor; 22, temporary storage bin; 221, discharge mechanism; 23, feeding device; 231, push frame; 232, arch breaking mechanism;
3、成型系统;3. Forming system;
31、工作台;31. Workbench;
32、机架;321、上横梁;322、下横梁;323、上滑梁;324、下滑梁;325、立柱;32, frame; 321, upper beam; 322, lower beam; 323, upper sliding beam; 324, sliding beam; 325, column;
33、阳模;331、压板;332、压块;33, male mold; 331, pressing plate; 332, pressing block;
34、阴模;341、通格;34, negative mold; 341, Tongge;
4、码垛系统;41、暂存台;42、托盘;43、旋转装置;44、机械臂;4. Palletizing system; 41. Temporary storage table; 42. Pallet; 43. Rotating device; 44. Robot arm;
5、打包系统;5. Packaging system;
51、传送轨道;51. Transmission track;
52、套装装置;521、对位机构;5211、放置架;5212、放置气缸;5213、托板;5214、套袋;522、拉动机构;5221、支撑架;5222、竖直推拉气缸;5223、水平推拉气缸;5224、抓取件;52, set device; 521, alignment mechanism; 5211, placing rack; 5212, placing cylinder; 5213, pallet; 5214, bagging; 522, pulling mechanism; 5221, support frame; 5222, vertical push-pull cylinder; 5223, Horizontal push-pull cylinder; 5224, grab parts;
53、翻转装置;531、翻转机;532、推动机构;5321、滑台;5322、推臂。53, turning device; 531, turning machine; 532, pushing mechanism; 5321, sliding table; 5322, pushing arm.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图1-7,对本申请作进一步详细说明。The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 1-7.
垃圾飞灰是非常细小的粉尘,飞灰颗粒非常松散地堆积在一起,颗粒间存在明显的间隙,且飞灰由于生成的过程影响,其往往具有一定的孔隙率。由于这些空隙和孔隙的存在,不仅使得飞灰的密度很小,表观体积庞大,而且使得飞灰中重金属比较容易浸出,从而对环境造成危害。因此,若能改变飞灰的结构,使其致密化,则可大大降低其表观体积,同时减少重金属的浸出,不仅降低飞灰处置过程中的环境污染风险,而且节省了飞灰填埋场库容,减少化学螯合剂的使用量,从而降低了飞灰的处置成本,实现生活垃圾高效经济的快速消纳处置。Garbage fly ash is very fine dust. The fly ash particles are very loosely packed together, and there are obvious gaps between the particles. Due to the influence of the generation process, the fly ash often has a certain porosity. Due to the existence of these voids and pores, not only the density of fly ash is small and the apparent volume is huge, but also the heavy metals in fly ash are easily leached out, thus causing harm to the environment. Therefore, if the structure of fly ash can be changed to make it densified, its apparent volume can be greatly reduced, and the leaching of heavy metals can be reduced at the same time, which not only reduces the risk of environmental pollution during fly ash disposal, but also saves fly ash landfill Storage capacity, reduce the use of chemical chelating agents, thereby reducing the cost of fly ash disposal, to achieve efficient and economical rapid disposal of domestic waste.
目前,人们常用吨袋处理法和模袋处理法将飞灰填埋在垃圾处理厂中。吨袋处理法采取将飞灰放置在吨袋中,再扎口堆放在垃圾填埋场中的做法。但是飞灰具有密度小的特点,单个吨袋容纳飞灰的重量较小,同时装满飞灰的吨袋呈圆柱状,导致堆叠在一起的相邻吨袋之间缝隙较大,因此吨袋处理法将会极大地占用垃圾处理厂的空间。相应地,为了提高垃圾填埋场的空间利用率,模袋处理法通过柱塞泵的挤压作用,将飞灰注入扁平状的模袋中,再将模袋层叠在垃圾填埋场中。相邻的模袋之间紧密压实、无间隙,且相比于吨袋处理法飞灰被压缩,密度增大,使得填埋库容利用率增加25~30%左右。但是扁平状的模袋比表面积较大,相比于吨袋处理法,单位体积的飞灰所需要的模袋数量更多,也就是说,模袋的利用率较低。At present, fly ash is usually landfilled in waste treatment plants by the ton bag treatment method and the mold bag treatment method. The big bag treatment method adopts the practice of placing fly ash in big bags, and then stacking them in the landfill. However, fly ash has the characteristics of low density. The weight of fly ash contained in a single ton bag is relatively small. At the same time, the ton bag filled with fly ash is cylindrical, resulting in a large gap between adjacent ton bags stacked together. Therefore, the ton bag The disposal method will greatly occupy the space of the waste disposal plant. Correspondingly, in order to improve the space utilization rate of the landfill, the mold bag treatment method injects the fly ash into the flat mold bag through the squeezing action of the plunger pump, and then the mold bag is stacked in the landfill. The adjacent mold bags are tightly compacted without gaps, and the fly ash is compressed compared with the ton bag treatment method, and the density increases, which increases the utilization rate of landfill storage capacity by about 25-30%. However, the flat mold bag has a larger specific surface area. Compared with the ton bag treatment method, the number of mold bags required per unit volume of fly ash is more, that is to say, the utilization rate of the mold bag is low.
因此,为了实现飞灰减容填埋,以提高垃圾填埋场的空间利用率,本申请实施例公开一种用于飞灰减容的生产线。Therefore, in order to realize the volume reduction of fly ash and landfill, so as to improve the space utilization rate of the landfill, the embodiment of the present application discloses a production line for volume reduction of fly ash.
参照图1,飞灰减容成型生产线包括用于将螯合剂和飞灰按比例混合均匀的稳化系统1、用于接收和暂储并输出稳化系统1的稳化飞灰的上料系统2、用于将上料系统2输出的稳化飞灰压制成砖块的成型系统3、用于将成型系统3压制而成的砖块码垛成堆的码垛系统4、以及用于将砖垛打包的打包系统5。Referring to Figure 1, the fly ash volume reduction molding production line includes a stabilization system 1 for uniformly mixing chelating agent and fly ash in proportion, and a feeding system for receiving and temporarily storing and outputting the stabilized fly ash of the stabilization system 1. 2. A forming
参照图2,稳化系统1包括用于定量输出飞灰的称重装置11、用于调配螯合剂浓度并定量输出的调配装置12、以及连通于称重装置11和调配装置12的搅拌装置13,搅拌装置13对飞灰和螯合剂进行搅拌以形成带有粘性的稳化飞灰。2 , the stabilization system 1 includes a weighing
称重装置11包括用于存储飞灰的飞灰储仓111、连于飞灰储仓111的出料管112、以及连于出料管112的飞灰称重器113,飞灰储仓111内设置有螺旋输送机,螺旋输送机将飞灰储仓111内的飞灰挤压向出料管112。出料管112上设置有卸料阀,卸料阀用于控制出料管112的连通与否。在飞灰称重器113接收到预设重量的飞灰后,卸料阀和螺旋输送机关闭,飞灰称重器113再将内部的飞灰向搅拌装置13输出。飞灰储仓111顶部设一台排气过滤器,排气过滤器采用脉冲袋式除尘器,布袋过滤风速不大于0.8m/min。为了保持库内负压和排放通畅,排气过滤器上加装有排气风机。The weighing
调配装置12包括用于储存浓缩螯合剂的原液罐、用于储存清水的水箱122、以及同时连于原液罐和水箱122的药剂称量斗123,药剂称量斗123内置有搅拌器。工作时,首先水通过给水泵按照设定的重量先加入到药剂称料斗,然后螯合剂通过螯合剂配置泵按照设定的量加入到药剂称量斗123,采取累加计量的方式,计量完毕,药剂称量斗123内的搅拌器启动把螯合剂和水混合均匀,使其浓度均匀符合要求,再经螯合剂溶液输送泵加入到搅拌装置13内。The compounding
对于不同的焚烧飞灰,螯合剂的最佳配比是有差别的,需要在实际工程中通过试验得出,在本申请中使用的参考基础配比为:飞灰量100%、螯合剂2-5%、水5%~20%。For different incineration fly ash, the optimal ratio of chelating agent is different, which needs to be obtained through experiments in actual engineering. The reference basic ratio used in this application is:
搅拌装置13包括搅拌机131,在工作时,搅拌机131先启动,等到转速平稳后,飞灰称重器113的卸料阀先打开,飞灰在重力的作用下卸入搅拌机131中,然后药剂计量斗的药剂通过输送泵喷淋加入搅拌机131中,注入溶液的同时搅拌机131继续搅拌,约3min后飞灰和药剂充分混合,搅拌机131的阀门打开并卸料至上料系统2,搅拌机131卸完料后阀门关闭并进入下一个循环。搅拌机131设置有到飞灰储仓111的连通管,将落灰过程中形成的扬尘和气体排至飞灰储仓111,防止形成正压而导致粉尘外泄和落料困难。The stirring
参照图3,上料系统2包括设置于搅拌机131下方的皮带输送机21、通过皮带输送机21连于搅拌装置13的暂存仓22、以及连于暂存仓22底部的喂料装置23。3 , the
皮带输送机21把飞灰送入暂存仓22里暂存以供生产用,皮带输送机21的皮带为耐腐蚀裙边防滑皮带,皮带输送机21的下方装有余料收集槽。暂存仓22上装有高低料位计用于检测暂存仓22内物料存储情况,缺料自动补料。暂存仓22底部装有出料机构221,用于把仓内的物料送往喂料装置23。The
喂料装置23包括设置于设于出料机构221出料端下方的推框231、设置于推框231内的破拱机构232、以及连于推框231的油缸(图上未示出)。破拱机构232在推框231内转动以阻止推框231内的稳化飞灰成拱,推框231是根据制品的喂料量来设计的,可以实现定量喂料。在工作时,油缸驱动推框231间断性地将暂存仓22内的稳化飞灰推入成型系统3中。The
成型系统3包括工作台31、设置于工作台31上的机架32、设置于工作台31上的阴模34、用于驱动阴模34在工作台31上升降的驱动装置、设置于阴模34上方的阳模33、以及用于驱动阳模33在工作台31上升降的压动装置。The
阴模34呈方块状,上顶面和下顶面之间贯穿设置有若干个用于容纳稳化飞灰的通格341,通格341呈阵列设置,通格341的长宽高规格可以200mm×100mm×72mm或500mm×250mm×250mm或其它规格,在本实施例中,通格341的长宽高规格采用500mm×250mm×250mm。上述的推框231大小与阴模34的大小相适配,当推框231被油缸推向阴模34时,推框231的框底与阴模34的顶面外边缘相重合。每个阴模34上设置有四个通格341。阳模33包括与压动装置相连的压板331、以及设置于压板331底部的若干个与通格341对应且适配的压块332,在本实施例中,压块332的数量为四个且长宽规格采用500mm×250mm。The
机架32由上横梁321、下横梁322、上滑梁323、下滑梁324、立柱325等组成,上横梁321和下横梁322用四根立柱325及螺母紧固地连接在一起,组成一个刚性的框架。上滑梁323和下滑梁324的两端均连于立柱325并以立柱325为导向,沿立柱325上下滑动。阳模33设置于上滑梁323的底面,阴模34设置于下滑梁324上。The
压动装置包括设置于上横梁321上的压制油缸(图上未示出),压制油缸的输出轴与阳模33固定相连。工作时,压制油缸在液压系统压力油的驱动下,最大可产生800T以上的推力,推动阳模33的压块332嵌入阴模34的通格341内以对飞灰施加压力,使飞灰成为规则形状的砖块。砖块的规格视添加入通格341的稳化飞灰量和压制油缸的推力而定,在本实施例中,压制而成的砖块的长宽高规格为500mm×250mm×125mm。驱动装置包括设置于上横梁321的脱模油缸(图上未示出),脱模油缸的输出轴与下滑梁324固定相连,工作时,脱模油缸在液压系统压力油的驱动下,产生不低于100T的拉力,拉动下滑梁324和阴模34向上移动,以使得使飞灰砌块脱出通格341。The pressing device includes a pressing oil cylinder (not shown in the figure) arranged on the
一般而言,稳定化前飞灰的堆积密度约为0.5-0.6g/cm3, 经加入药剂混合稳定化好的飞灰的堆积密度约0.8 g/cm3。Generally speaking, the bulk density of the fly ash before stabilization is about 0.5-0.6g/cm3, and the bulk density of the stabilized fly ash is about 0.8 g/cm3 after adding the chemical mixture.
在实际工况中测得,当阴模34的通格341有15个,且各通格341的长宽高规格为200mm×100mm×72mm,压制油缸的推力为800T时,则压制后砖块的长宽高尺寸为200mm×100mm×30mm,砖块的均重为1.06Kg,核算密度约为1.76g/cm3,密度约为原来的2.2倍,体积约为原来的42%,单块减容58%。In the actual working conditions, when there are 15
另外,在实际工况中还测得,当阴模34的通格341有4个,且各通格341的长宽高规格为500mm×250mm×250mm,压制油缸的推力为800T时,则压制后砖块的长宽高尺寸为500mm×250mm×125mm,砖块的均重为26.931kg,核算密度约为1.72g/cm3,密度约为原来的2.15倍,体积约为原来的50%,单块减容50%。In addition, it was also measured in the actual working conditions that when there are four
参照图4,码垛系统4包括暂存台41、设置于暂存台41上的托盘42、设置于暂存台41下方的用于旋转托盘42的旋转装置43、以及用于将工作台31上的砖块抓取至托盘42上方并码垛的机械臂44。当机械臂44抓取砖块到托盘42上并码满一层时,旋转装置43驱动托盘42转动九十度,机械臂44再继续往上层码砖。在本实施例中,由于采用500mm×250mm×125mm的砖块规格,每一层分别为2×4块,一共堆叠8层,使得砖垛的体积刚好为1m3。通过旋转,相邻的砖层的砖块相互交错,依靠自身重量提供足够的摩擦力,从而实现砖垛整体的固定。相比于200mm×100mm×30mm的砖块规格,每一层的砖块数量更少,堆叠的层数更少,在运输时砖垛不易发生晃动而发生散架。Referring to FIG. 4 , the
参照图5和图6,打包系统5包括设置于暂存台41上的传送轨道51,还包括依次设置于传送轨道51上的套装装置52和翻转装置53。托盘42位于传送轨道51上,当每次码垛完毕时,传送轨道51将托盘42传向套装装置52。Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 , the packaging system 5 includes a conveying
参照图5,套装装置52包括用于将套袋5214推动到砖垛上方并对准的对位机构521、以及用于抓取套袋5214的下边缘并向下拉动以套接在砖垛上的拉动机构522,在本实施例中,套袋5214可以为打包网或吨袋。对位机构521包括设置于传送轨道51一侧的放置架5211、设置于放置台上的放置气缸5212、以及连于放置气缸5212的托板5213,托板5213用于放置叠好的套袋5214,且推动气缸的活塞杆和托板5213均呈水平设置。拉动机构522包括设置于传送轨道51两侧的支撑架5221、设置于支撑架5221上的竖直推拉气缸5222、连于竖直拉动气缸的活塞杆上的水平推拉气缸5223、以及设置于水平拉动气缸上的抓取件5224。当托盘42沿传送轨道51运动到支撑架5221之间时,传动轨道停止对托盘42的传动,放置气缸5212推动托板5213运动到砖垛的上方,并使得托板5213上的套袋5214与砖垛对齐。竖直推拉气缸5222调整水平推拉气缸5223和抓取件5224的水平高度,使之与套袋5214的下缘相平。水平推拉气缸5223推动抓取件5224朝向套袋5214移动,抓取件5224可以为勾爪或夹具或其它能够与套袋5214下缘相固定的装置,当水平推拉气缸5223推动抓取件5224进入打包网下缘的网孔,或勾住吨袋的下缘时,竖直推拉气缸5222推动水平推拉气缸5223向下运动,从而使得套袋5214套接在砖垛外。5, the
参照图6,翻转装置53包括设置于传送轨道51末端的翻转机531、以及用于将移动到传送轨道51末端的砖垛推入翻转机531内的推动机构532,推动机构532包括设置于传送轨道51下方的滑台5321、转动连接于滑台5321上的推臂5322、用于控制推臂5322向上转动以进入传送轨道51内的转动气缸(图上未示出)、以及用于推动滑台5321朝向翻转机531运动的水平推动气缸(图上未示出)。当砖垛外的套袋5214套装完毕时,传送轨道51继续对砖垛进行传动,直至砖垛运动到传送轨道51末端。转动气缸控制推臂5322向上转动直至水平,此时推臂5322与托盘42平齐面。水平推动气缸推动滑台5321朝向砖垛移动,推臂5322抵接于托盘42并推动托盘42朝向翻转机531运动,直至砖垛和托盘42进入翻转机531的内腔。砖垛和托盘42的大小与翻转机531的内腔相适配,当砖垛和托盘42进入翻转机531的内腔时,翻转机531将砖垛和托盘42上下翻转,使得托盘42置于顶部,且砖垛的底部被套袋5214托住,以后续将托盘42夹离,并通过套袋5214将砖垛吊离。6 , the turning
工程造价经济效益分析:Project cost and economic benefit analysis:
压制后的飞灰砖块密度可以增加到1.7g/cm3以上,体积至少可压缩50%以上。以容积为200000m3的填埋场来核算,稳化飞灰的密度约在0.8g/cm3左右,进入填埋场经压实后的堆积密度约为1.1g/cm3左右,即200000m3的填埋场可填容重为220000吨。The density of the pressed fly ash bricks can be increased to more than 1.7g/cm3, and the volume can be compressed by at least 50%. Calculated based on a landfill with a volume of 200,000m3, the density of stabilized fly ash is about 0.8g/cm3, and the bulk density after entering the landfill after compaction is about 1.1g/cm3, that is, a landfill of 200,000m3 Fillable bulk density is 220,000 tons.
飞灰压砖后的密度按最低1.7g/cm3来计算,因填埋场的形状不规则,填埋过程中不能完全填充密实,需要利用散灰来二次填充,也可以采用散砖来填充。The density of fly ash after pressing bricks is calculated at a minimum of 1.7g/cm3. Due to the irregular shape of the landfill, it cannot be completely filled and compacted during the landfill process. It is necessary to use loose ash for secondary filling, or loose bricks to fill. .
砖垛缝隙中填充散灰,缝隙容积约占总容积的1/10,约20000m3,散灰密度按0.8t/m3计,可填充飞灰约20000×0.8=16000t。The gaps of the brick stacks are filled with loose ash, the volume of the gap is about 1/10 of the total volume, about 20000m3, the density of scattered ash is 0.8t/m3, and the fly ash can be filled with about 20000×0.8=16000t.
其余容积约180000m3,可用来填充压制成型的飞灰砖,砖块按1.7t/m3计,可填充约180000×1.7=306000t。总填埋重量:16000+306000=322000t。The remaining volume is about 180000m3, which can be used to fill the pressed fly ash bricks. The bricks can be filled with about 180000×1.7=306000t according to 1.7t/m3. Total landfill weight: 16000+306000=322000t.
可以多填埋重量:322000-220000=102000t。More landfill weight: 322000-220000=102000t.
按飞灰市场填埋价格3000元/吨计,理论可以多产生产值:102000×3000=30600万元(3.06亿元)According to the landfill price of fly ash at 3000 yuan/ton, the theoretical production value can be multiplied: 102000×3000=306 million yuan (306 million yuan)
飞灰减容成本大约核算:The cost of fly ash volume reduction is approximately calculated:
设备购入成本:500万元/套(产能80吨/班)按10年折旧,年运行330天,吨成本为18.9元;Equipment purchase cost: 5 million yuan/set (with a production capacity of 80 tons/shift), depreciated over 10 years, the annual operation is 330 days, and the ton cost is 18.9 yuan;
功耗:总功率约200KW,单班8小时,200×8=1600元,吨成本20元;Power consumption: the total power is about 200KW, the single shift is 8 hours, 200×8=1600 yuan, and the ton cost is 20 yuan;
人员配置:5人,人均工资200元/天,200×5=1000,吨成本12.5元;Staffing: 5 people, the per capita salary is 200 yuan/day, 200×5=1000, and the cost per ton is 12.5 yuan;
耗材:水约30吨/班,水约4元/吨,柴油50升/天,柴油约6元/升,总计每日耗材成本为420元,吨成本5.25元;Consumables: water about 30 tons/shift, water about 4 yuan/ton, diesel 50 liters/day, diesel about 6 yuan/liter, the total daily cost of consumables is 420 yuan, and the ton cost is 5.25 yuan;
工具(包含工具车)成本:叉车6万,铲车20万,按5年折旧,吨成本约2元;Tool (including tool truck) cost: forklift 60,000, forklift 200,000, depreciated over 5 years, the cost per ton is about 2 yuan;
设备年检修费用:约15万元,吨成本5.7元;Annual maintenance cost of equipment: about 150,000 yuan, 5.7 yuan per ton;
年管理费:约15万元,吨成本5.7元;Annual management fee: about 150,000 yuan, ton cost 5.7 yuan;
合计吨成本:18.9+20+12.5+5.25+2+5.7+5.7=70.05元/吨;Total ton cost: 18.9+20+12.5+5.25+2+5.7+5.7=70.05 yuan/ton;
填埋场飞灰砖制作费用:306000吨x70.05元/吨=2143.53万元(0.214353亿元)Landfill fly ash brick production cost: 306,000 tons x 70.05 yuan / ton = 21,435,300 yuan (0.214353 billion yuan)
理论利润:3.06-0.214353=2.845647亿元。Theoretical profit: 3.06-0.214353=2.845647 billion yuan.
综上,飞灰经过制砖后,约能使填埋场增容1/3(约多填埋10.2万吨),产生理论利润2.845647亿元。In summary, after the fly ash is made into bricks, it can increase the capacity of the landfill by about 1/3 (about 102,000 tons more), and generate a theoretical profit of 284,564,700,000 yuan.
飞灰稳定化经济分析:Economic Analysis of Fly Ash Stabilization:
稳定飞灰经过高压压制后,其重金属浸出约降低30%左右,也就是说,即在飞灰稳定化的过程中少加30%药剂的飞灰经高压压制后,其重金属浸出和加100%药剂稳定化的飞灰的重金属浸出是一样的,即用做制砖的飞灰可少加30%的药剂;After the stabilized fly ash is pressed by high pressure, its heavy metal leaching is reduced by about 30%. The heavy metal leaching of the fly ash stabilized by the chemical is the same, that is, the fly ash used for brick making can add 30% less chemical;
按飞灰稳定化添加药剂约为飞灰重量的3%计算,用作制砖的飞灰稳定化可少加药剂30&左右,即添加药剂的量只为飞灰重量的2%节省1%。According to the calculation of the fly ash stabilization adding agent is about 3% of the fly ash weight, the fly ash used for brick making can be reduced by about 30% of the agent, that is, the amount of the agent added is only 2% of the fly ash weight, saving 1%.
按飞灰306000吨飞灰计算,可节省药剂:306000×1%=3060吨。Calculated on the basis of 306,000 tons of fly ash, the agent can be saved: 306,000 × 1% = 3,060 tons.
按药剂市场价10000元/吨计,可节省费用:3060×10000元/吨=3060万元=0.306亿元。According to the market price of 10,000 yuan / ton of pharmaceuticals, the cost can be saved: 3060 × 10,000 yuan / ton = 30.6 million yuan = 30.6 million yuan.
综上,合计可产生理论经济效益:2.845647+0.306=3.151647亿元。To sum up, the total theoretical economic benefits can be generated: 2.845647+0.306=3151647 million yuan.
套袋5214经济分析:Bagging 5214 Economic Analysis:
吨袋的市场价为30-100元不等,这里取最低值30元。The market price of ton bags ranges from 30-100 yuan, and the minimum value is 30 yuan here.
打包带制成的打包网的市场价为3-10元不等,这里取最高值10元。The market price of the packing net made of packing tape ranges from 3 to 10 yuan, and the highest value is 10 yuan here.
由上可知填埋场可填埋砖块的容积约180000m3,也就是砖垛180000方,如果使用打包网替代吨袋,可节约成本180000×(30-10)=360万。It can be seen from the above that the volume of bricks that can be buried in the landfill is about 180,000m3, that is, the brick stack is 180,000 square meters. If the packing net is used to replace the ton bag, the cost can be saved by 180,000×(30-10)=3.6 million.
本实施例还公开一种用于飞灰减容的生产线的工作方法,包括:The present embodiment also discloses a working method for a production line for fly ash volume reduction, including:
稳化步骤:按预设比例混合螯合剂和飞灰并搅拌均匀,形成稳化飞灰;Stabilization step: mix the chelating agent and fly ash in a preset ratio and stir evenly to form stabilized fly ash;
上料步骤:将稳化飞灰传送入推框231,向阴模34的顶部推动推框231以使得推框231与阴模34顶面相对接,稳化飞灰落入阴模34内部,并在该过程中对稳化飞灰进行破拱;Feeding step: transfer the stabilized fly ash into the
压缩步骤:由上至下驱动阳模33压入阴模34的通格341内,将通格341中的稳化飞灰挤压成砖块;Compression step: drive the
脱模步骤:向上移动阴模34,使得通格341的格壁与砖块发生相对滑动;向上移动阳模33,使压块332远离砖块的顶部;向上移动阴模34,使得通格341的格壁与砖块相脱离;Demoulding step: move the
码垛步骤:将砖块由出工作台31夹持至暂存台41的托盘42上,逐层堆叠,以上下层交叉90°的方式码垛成堆;Palletizing step: the bricks are clamped from the work table 31 to the
打包步骤:传送托盘42和砖垛,在传送过程中将套袋5214自上而下地套接在砖垛上;对托盘42和砖垛进行翻转,使砖垛盛放于套袋5214内;移除托盘42并将套袋5214吊离传送轨道51。Packing step: transfer the
以上均为本申请的较佳实施例,并非依此限制本申请的保护范围,故:凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化,均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Inside.
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