CN111789209A - 一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂及其应用,属于食品储存领域;本发明中通过对艾叶进行加工,将艾叶提取物制备成固体颗粒,得到无毒副作用且无残留的食品保护剂;该保粮剂气味芬芳,功效持久,具有保存时间长的优点;在使用后,该食品保护剂遇空气、水等会自动分解,不会污染土地和水体,在粮食和农副产品等食品的储存中有着很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品储存领域,涉及一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂及其应用。
背景技术
粮食和农副产品等食品的储存是日常生活中遇到的一大难题,如小麦、水稻等粮食在储存过程中可能出现霉变、生虫等现象,进而造成了粮食的大量损失;其他农副产品如豆类、玉米等在储存过程中也可能出现生虫进而导致空壳的现象。
目前,上述食品中较为常见的防治虫、霉菌的办法是采用毒剂熏蒸或控制温度、湿度、缺氧管理等方法,虽然取得了一些效果,但是并不能根除,同时也要求粮库要密封,成本较高,不适合家庭和一般小型粮库使用。使用较多的保护剂是无机磷和有机磷化物,但由于磷化物是剧毒的化学成分,通过喷洒无机磷和有机磷化物达到了防虫目的的同时,也会造成毒性残留,根据检测的数据显示,每1公斤小麦面粉中的辛硫磷含量为0.19527mg,影响了人体的健康。
因此,研发一种新的无毒害的、无残留的食品保护剂成为了亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在不足,本发明提供了一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂及其应用,本发明中通过对艾叶进行加工,提取出艾叶精油并将其制备成颗粒,得到所述无毒副作用且无残留的食品保护剂。
为了解决上述问题,本发明首先提供了一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,所述食品保护剂的主要成分为艾叶提取物。
本发明所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
将艾叶洗净、粉碎后加入蒸馏水浸泡,在常温下静置,接着加热至90~98℃保温,得到水油混合物,离心取油层得到艾叶提取物,备用;将艾叶提取物和辅料混合后湿法制粒,自然干燥,最后将固体颗粒包装,得到成品。进一步地,所述艾叶和蒸馏水的质量比为1:28。
进一步地,所述静置时间为2~3h。
进一步地,所述保温时间为8~10h,所述保温期间需补充蒸馏水,使其水位始终保持在初始水位附近。
进一步地,所述辅料为桑叶粉、玉米淀粉或小麦淀粉。
进一步地,所述艾叶提取物与辅料的质量比为1:6~8。
进一步地,所述包装为无纺布袋包装,每6~10g为一袋。
本发明还提供了基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂在储存食品中的应用,所述应用为将食品保护剂用于防止粮食和农副产品生虫,具体用法为在100kg粮食中放一袋食品保护剂,能防虫12个月。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明在纯天然植物的基础上制备了一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,该食品保护剂气味芬芳,功效持久,具有保存时间长的优点;同时在使用后,其遇空气、水等会自动分解,不会污染土地和水体。
(2)本发明所述基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂的制备方法简单,成本低廉,并且该保粮剂无毒害、无残留、无二次污染,在农副产品的储存中有着很好的应用前景。
(3)本发明中将基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂制备成颗粒状,使用方便,便于运输,并且缓释乳液成分能够保持药效更持久。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1:
选取端午节前10天的艾叶,将其清洗干净后粉碎,向粉碎后的艾叶中加入其质量28倍的蒸馏水浸泡;将艾叶和水的混合物在常温下静置2小时,然后将其升温至90℃,并在90℃下保温10小时得到水油混合物,保温期间适当添加蒸馏水,始终保持水位在初始水位附近;对得到的水油混合物进行多次离心分离,取油层得到艾叶提取物。
称量艾叶提取物的质量,向艾叶提取物中加入其质量6倍的玉米淀粉,采用湿法制成固体颗粒,将固体颗粒自然干燥,最后用无纺布将固体颗粒包装,每6g包装为1袋。
实施例2:
选取端午节前15天的艾叶,将其清洗干净后粉碎,向粉碎后的艾叶中加入其质量28倍的蒸馏水浸泡;将艾叶和水的混合物在常温下静置3小时,然后将其升温至98℃,并在98℃下保温8小时得到水油混合物,保温期间适当添加蒸馏水,始终保持水位在初始水位附近;对得到的水油混合物进行多次离心分离,取油层得到艾叶提取物。
称量艾叶提取物的质量,向艾叶提取物中加入其质量7倍的小麦淀粉,采用湿法制成固体颗粒,将固体颗粒自然干燥,最后用无纺布将固体颗粒包装,每7g包装为1袋。
实施例3:
选取端午节前12天的艾叶,将其清洗干净后粉碎,向粉碎后的艾叶中加入其质量28倍的蒸馏水浸泡;将艾叶和水的混合物在常温下静置3小时,然后将其升温至95℃,并在95℃下保温9小时得到水油混合物,保温期间适当添加蒸馏水,始终保持水位在初始水位附近;对得到的水油混合物进行多次离心分离,取油层得到艾叶提取物。
称量艾叶提取物的质量,向艾叶提取物中加入其质量8倍的桑叶粉,采用湿法制成固体颗粒,将固体颗粒自然干燥,最后用无纺布将固体颗粒包装,每10g包装为1袋。
实施例4:
本实施例中考察了实施例1中所制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂对虫子的防治能力,将不添加基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂作为空白组,添加不同量基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂作为试验组,来考察基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂对小麦面粉储存防虫能力。
试验方式:将小麦面粉分装出8袋,每袋的质量为10kg,其中1袋不放有食品保护剂并将其作为空白组,另外7袋小麦面粉作为试验组1~7,分别在其中放有0.4g、0.5g、0.6g 、0.7g、0.8g、0.9g、1g几种规格的食品保护剂,将袋子密封,观察袋中生虫结果,生虫结果如表1所示:
表1 添加不同量食品保护剂对小麦面粉的储存效果
组别 | 食品保护剂添加量/g | 第一只虫子萌发时间/天 | 15天虫子萌发数量 |
空白组 | 0 | 5 | 9 |
试验组1 | 0.4 | 7 | 6 |
试验组2 | 0.5 | 8 | 4 |
试验组3 | 0.6 | 12 | 2 |
试验组4 | 0.7 | / | 0 |
试验组5 | 0.8 | / | 0 |
试验组6 | 0.9 | / | 0 |
试验组7 | 1 | / | 0 |
从上表中可以看出,空白组由于没有添加本发明所制备的食品保护剂,第5天开始萌发第一只虫子,第15天检测出了9只虫子;试验组1~3在7~12天开始萌发虫子,第15天时,试验组1检测出了6只虫子,试验组2检测出了4只虫子,试验组3检测出了3只虫子,这可能是因为添加的食品保护剂增多了,其防虫能力增强;而试验组4~7在15天内均未检测出萌发的虫子,即在10kg小麦面粉中添加不少于0.7g本发明所制备的食品保护剂即可有效防虫。
实施例5:
本实施例中考察了用常规辛硫磷作为食品保护剂的小麦面粉和用本发明制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂储存的小麦面粉的毒性。分别将放有上述两种粮食保护剂储存一个月的小麦面粉委托山东安谱检测科技有限公司进行检测,根据GB 2761-2017,GB 2763-2016的要求来检测储存后的小麦面粉。经过检测发现,辛硫磷作为食品保护剂储存的小麦面粉中检测出了辛硫磷的成分,每1kg的面粉中辛硫磷含量0.19527mg。而采用本发明所制备的食品保护剂来储存的小麦面粉中不含辛硫磷,也不含有其他毒性成分。由此可见,本发明制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂无毒害、无残留、无二次污染,在农副产品的储存中有着很好的应用前景。
实施例6:
本实施例中考察了实施例1中制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂对食品中虫子防治的机理,以飞蛾卵为例,分别从大豆叶片上取数量相同的两份飞蛾卵在30℃下进行试验,空白组中不添加食品保护剂,试验组在飞蛾卵中放入实施例1中制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂。
结果显示,空白组中的飞蛾卵在第9天开始有萌芽迹象,在第15天便可以用肉眼见到萌发的小虫蠕动;而在试验组中,第15天未发现有小虫蠕动,在1000倍的生物镜下观察,虫卵呈干瘪状。这是因为本发明中基于艾叶提取的食品保护剂能缓释出具有抗氧化作用的挥发油,将其覆盖在虫卵表面既能隔绝空气,又能抑制虫卵的生命活动。
实施例7:
本实施例中考察了本发明所制备的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂在小麦面粉中的防虫时间。将小麦面粉分装出7袋,每袋的质量为10kg,分别在7袋小麦面粉中放入本发明所制备的食品保护剂0.7g,然后在第2、4、6、8、10、12、14个月时打开其中一袋观察小麦面粉的生虫情况。
结果显示,直至第12个月,小麦面粉中未出现生虫迹象,第14个月打开的小麦面粉中发现有萌发的虫子,这可能是因为食品保护剂已经完全挥发,不再具有保护作用。因此,本发明所制备的食品保护剂的保护周期为12个月。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式,但本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下,本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述食品保护剂的主要成分为艾叶提取物。
2.一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,采用如下方法制备:将艾叶洗净 、粉碎后加入蒸馏水浸泡,在常温下静置,接着加热至90~98℃保温,得到水油混合物,离心取油层得到艾叶提取物,备用;将艾叶提取物和辅料混合后湿法制粒,自然干燥,最后将固体颗粒包装,得到成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述艾叶和蒸馏水的比例为1:28。
4.根据权利要求2所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述静置时间为2~3h;所述保温时间为8~10h,保温期间需补充蒸馏水,使其水位始终保持在初始水位附近。
5.根据权利要求2所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述辅料为桑叶粉、玉米淀粉或小麦淀粉。
6.根据权利要求2所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述艾叶提取物与辅料的质量比为1:6~8。
7.根据权利要求2所述的基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂,其特征在于,所述包装为无纺布袋包装,每6~10g为一袋。
8.一种基于艾叶提取物的食品保护剂在储存食品中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用为防止粮食和农副产品生虫。
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CN105685216A (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-22 | 广西大学 | 一种粮食防虫剂 |
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CN105685216A (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-22 | 广西大学 | 一种粮食防虫剂 |
CN109122848A (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-04 | 湖北金璨农业产业化发展有限公司 | 一种天然粮食防腐剂的加工方法 |
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