CN111788070A - 用于光透明解决方案的建筑构件 - Google Patents
用于光透明解决方案的建筑构件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111788070A CN111788070A CN201880090822.XA CN201880090822A CN111788070A CN 111788070 A CN111788070 A CN 111788070A CN 201880090822 A CN201880090822 A CN 201880090822A CN 111788070 A CN111788070 A CN 111788070A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- building element
- frame
- glass
- reaction mixture
- sealant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RHINSRUDDXGHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,2,10-triol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCC(O)CO RHINSRUDDXGHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GKCGJDQACNSNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,2,8-triol Chemical compound OCCCCCCC(O)CO GKCGJDQACNSNBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical compound N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazine-4,5,6-trione Chemical group O=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O HXSACZWWBYWLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,10-diisocyanatodecane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O VNMOIBZLSJDQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1C(N=C=O)CCCC1N=C=O OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHUXHMNZLHBSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCC(CN=C=O)CC1 ROHUXHMNZLHBSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OUJCKESIGPLCRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)(C)CCCN=C=O OUJCKESIGPLCRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanato-2-methylpentane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CCCN=C=O AHBNSOZREBSAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MZEGJNMYXWIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diisocyanato-1,1,3-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(C)C1N=C=O MZEGJNMYXWIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCXLOQVMDTWRSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylpropan-2-ylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(C)(C)C1CCCCC1 CCXLOQVMDTWRSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDKYYMRLZONTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Chemical compound C1CC2(CN=C=O)C(CN=C=O)CC1C2 ZDKYYMRLZONTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000027288 circadian rhythm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJTGANWAUPEOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N molport-023-220-454 Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO NJTGANWAUPEOAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTVMZZBLCLWBPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1CCCCC1 XTVMZZBLCLWBPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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Abstract
建筑构件A,其包括a)至少一个玻璃板B;和b)由未涂布的热固性聚合物复合材料制成的框架C,所述热固性聚合物复合材料的聚合物基质基于至少50重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯;和c)任选地,至少一种密封剂D,其将玻璃板B与框架C连接。其特征在于优秀的长期耐候性、高耐久性和低维护工作。
Description
本发明涉及包括至少玻璃板、由基于脂族多异氰酸酯的聚合物复合材料制成的框架和任选密封剂的新型建筑构件。其特征在于优秀的长期耐候性、高耐久性和低维护工作。
玻璃构件是许多建筑的重要部分,例如现代摩天大楼的玻璃幕墙或普通家庭住宅的简单窗户。玻璃构件的其它应用领域包括运输行业(例如汽车、火车、船舶)、农业(例如温室、厩)或太阳能工业(太阳能模组)。除了分开两个不同环境并同时确保光学透明和导光的明显性质外,玻璃构件通常也是建筑的温度管理的一部分并履行设计和美学功能以及机械支撑功能。出于经济原因,这些玻璃构件应该具有长使用寿命,经常为几十年。在玻璃构件的大多数实际应用中,玻璃建筑构件的至少一面暴露在外部,即暴露于地理区域的气候条件和全年的温度变化。
通常将玻璃板嵌在框架中,并且这一建筑玻璃构件经常在随后的安装中作为组合单元使用。为框架选择的材料是氧化铝、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和木材。最近,也可在市场上发现具有包含涂布芳族聚氨酯复合材料的框架的窗户。
氧化铝广泛用作框架材料,尤其用于幕墙和太阳能模组的框架材料。其兼具极好的机械性质与良好的耐候性。为实现出色的耐化学性,通常对氧化铝进行表面处理,例如通过阳极氧化。但是,在盐水环境或雾中,氧化铝将会逐渐与水反应。此外,如果需要“典型的”氧化铝银色以外的颜色,则必须施加昂贵的涂层。进一步的缺点在于氧化铝在窗户应用中的高导热率或其在太阳能模组中的导电率。此外,氧化铝的线性热膨胀系数显著高于玻璃。这种差异尤其对于较大部件的边缘密封产生挑战。尽管其可再循环性在原则上良好,但氧化铝的成本相当高,并且由于其在生产过程中的能耗,所以碳足迹高。
PVC常用于窗框。其具有良好的耐候性、低导热率、所需维护低并且便宜。但是,机械性质(尤其是刚性)对较大部件而言不足,并且需要钢或复合材料的核心用于支撑。线性热膨胀系数也是玻璃的大约6倍。PVC再循环也是困难的,并且焚烧或点燃可产生高毒性的二噁英和HCl气体。
木材具有良好的隔热性质,基于生物(可再生)并且表现出高审美价值,但是也昂贵。其需要通过涂层频繁维护并且耐候性低。还需要保护木材以防昆虫和真菌生长。此外,线性热膨胀系数是玻璃的大约6倍。另外,木材可由于环境含水量而改变其尺寸(溶胀)。木材的碳足迹低,这使其在非常关注可持续性并且成本较不重要时成为所选择的材料。
最近,BASF、Huntsman、Bayer MaterialScience等已经为窗框、门和太阳能模组提出了聚合物复合材料。这些复合材料已经通常以基于热塑性或热固性的聚合物作为基质材料,并以玻璃纤维作为增强填料。基质材料的典型实例是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)及其共混物,以及基于芳族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯。尽管这些复合材料提供许多优点,如良好的机械性能、低线性热膨胀系数、基本无导电率和极低的导热率,但它们本身不适合长期室外应用。为了防止降解,它们需要保护性涂层。如果通过拉挤成型制造复合材料,由于这些部件表面上的脱模剂,涂层的施加更加困难。因此,可能需要进一步的处理以实现聚氨酯体与涂层之间的良好粘合。这些额外加工步骤使得这样的解决方案昂贵,并且尚未证实如此涂布的复合材料的整体长期耐久性。
一般而言,包括涂布部件的预组装建筑构件在起始于它们的生产、运输、安装和工作时间的其整个寿命期间都需要小心操作,因为涂层的任何剥落或其它损伤将会损害它们的功能或使用寿命。不小心操作的后果可能是昂贵的维修或甚至更换。
如上所示,市场上用于大型玻璃建筑构件的所有现有解决方案都由于耐候性、导电率或导热率、机械长期性能或热膨胀系数方面的缺点而在长期室外应用中具有它们的局限性,并且没有任何解决方案兼具对这些应用(例如对太阳能模组或温室窗户)而言必要的所有性质。因此,本发明基于的问题是提供具有上述所有有利性质但没有常规解决方案的缺点的建筑构件。
因此,在第一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种建筑构件A,其包括
a) 至少一个玻璃板B;和
b) 由未涂布的热固性聚合物复合材料制成的框架C,所述热固性聚合物复合材料的聚合物基质基于至少50重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯;和
c) 任选地,至少一种密封剂D,其将玻璃板B与框架C连接;
其中(i) 玻璃板B和框架C的线性热膨胀系数差异(在轴向上测量)在20℃下小于600%;并且(ii) 玻璃板B的周长的至少25%嵌在框架C中;并且(iii) 建筑构件A的至少一些区域(部分包括其玻璃B、其框架C和任选其密封剂D)暴露于室外气候条件。
建筑构件A
根据本发明的建筑构件A包括至少一个玻璃板B、一个由聚合物复合材料制成的框架C和任选地,一种将玻璃板B与框架C连接的密封剂D。框架C机械稳定板B并任选为安装建筑构件A提供其它元件。其可完全或部分包围玻璃板B。但是,必须将玻璃板B的周长的至少25%嵌在框架C中。
在一个优选实施方案中,建筑构件A是窗户,其包括窗玻璃、包围所述窗玻璃的周长的至少25%的窗框和任选连接窗玻璃和窗框的密封剂。
建筑构件A至少部分暴露于室外条件。优选地,框架C的至少一部分暴露于雨水和/或太阳辐射而没有保护框架的暴露部分免受所述暴露的任何类型的屏障。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,建筑构件A – 在根据标准SAE J 2527暴露于加速风化试验时 - 基本表现出稳定的性质(如外观或机械性能)至少1000小时测试时间,更优选至少2000小时测试时间,甚至更优选至少5000小时测试时间,并且最优选至少10000小时。“基本稳定”是指特定性质没有变差超过20%,优选没有超过15%,并且最优选没有超过10%。相关性质是机械载荷试验和玻璃的透明度。导电率的改变不大于2个量级(100倍),优选不大于1个量级(10倍),并且最优选不大于0.5个量级(5倍)。导热率的提高不大于200%,优选不大于100%,且最优选不大于50%。最优选地,所有性质保持在与之前相同的水平。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,建筑构件A是太阳能模组的一部分。当其暴露于如太阳能模组的认证(标准IEC 61215:2005)所要求的加速风化试验(热循环试验10.11、湿冻试验10.12、湿热试验10.13)时,其将通过这些试验至少一次,优选至少两次,且更优选至少3次,而没有任何显著可见的其性能的变化或降低。此外,基于建筑构件A的太阳能模组将通过标准IEC 61215:2005所要求的认证。
建筑构件A当在应用中使用时,至少部分暴露于室外条件。构件A优选暴露于室外条件总共至少5年,优选至少10年,更优选至少15年,且最优选至少20年。
此外,建筑构件A的表面积的至少10%暴露于室外条件,优选至少20%的表面积,更优选至少30%的表面积,且最优选50%的表面积。
最优选的是其中该构件的表面积的至少10%暴露于室外条件总共至少5年建筑构件A的应用。
玻璃板B
建筑构件A中所用的玻璃板B可具有不同组成,取决于应用的最终要求。典型实例是钠钙硅玻璃,即普通窗玻璃、熔凝石英、太阳能玻璃、硼硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐玻璃。此外,该玻璃可含有杂质,如铁、钴、铅、锌、铜、铈、硼、钍、钡、金的氧化物和其它化合物以改变机械性质、耐化学性和耐腐蚀性、颜色、吸附性质、折射率和波长透射率或反射。
玻璃板B可通过不同的生产方法形成,包括吹制或压制步骤。关于本发明最优选的是通过浮法玻璃工艺制成的平板玻璃。在这种工艺中,使熔融玻璃漂浮在熔融金属(通常锡)的床上以产生具有均匀厚度和非常平坦表面的片材。
玻璃板B也可在一面或两面上进行涂布。涂层可用于引入或改进某些性质,例如光学性质,如反射和波长截止、易清洁功能、表面极性变化或简单地,机械性质,如例如耐划伤性。
建筑构件A中所用玻璃板B具有在0.5 mm至20 mm之间,优选在1.0 mm至10 mm之间,更优选在1.5 mm至7 mm之间,且最优选在3.0 mm至5.2 mm之间的厚度。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,玻璃板的表面积为至少0.5 m2,优选至少1.0 m2,更优选至少1.25 m2,且最优选至少1.5 m2。优选地,表面积不大于10 m2。表面积被定义为玻璃板的一面(最大)所表现出的且没有被框架覆盖的面积。
根据本发明,如果构件的玻璃板B大,则尤其突显新型建筑构件A的优点。“大”在本发明的意义上是指玻璃板B的周长为至少2.0 m,优选大于5.0 m,更优选大于10.0 m,且最优选大于20.0 m,同时具有上一段中规定的表面积。优选地,出于实用原因,周长不大于25.0 m。
优选地,板B的玻璃具有在1.30至3.50之间,更优选在1.30至2.50之间,甚至再更优选在1.40至2.00之间,且最优选在1.45至1.70之间的折射率。在23℃下在589 nm的波长下测量折射率。
板B的玻璃具有在20℃下在2.5*10-6 K-1至12*10-6 K-1之间,优选在3.0*10-6 K-1至11.0*10-6 K-1之间,更优选在7.0*10-6 K-1至10.0*10-6 K-1之间,且最优选在8.0*10-6 K-1至10.0*10-6 K-1之间的线性热膨胀系数。
优选地,玻璃板B具有在23℃下至少50%,更优选至少70%,甚至更优选至少80%,且最优选至少90%的在400 nm至700 nm之间的可见光的平均光透射率。
框架C
框架C成型为包围板B的至少一部分周长。这意味着框架C覆盖板B的至少一部分边缘且另外覆盖毗邻所述边缘的一部分表面,从而通过将框架C定位而将板B移动到其预期位置并保持在这一位置。
用于这一目的的优选形状是具有凹口或凹槽的型材,可将板B的边缘插入所述凹口或凹槽,以将板B与框架C摩擦锁紧或形状锁紧(form-locked)。因此,框架C的实际形状取决于玻璃板B的边缘的形状。如果存在任选密封剂D,则该型材中的所需凹口足够大以在满足摩擦锁紧或形状锁紧的要求的同时插入板B以及所需量的密封剂。
优选地,板B的周长的至少25%被框架C包围。板B的周长的更优选至少50%,且甚至更优选至少75%被框架C包围。最优选地,板B完全被框架C包围。
框架C由包括包埋在聚合物基质中的无机纤维的复合材料组成。所述复合材料优选是电绝缘和/或热绝缘的。
电绝缘可改进装置的耐久性并且也可有助于安全操作,特别是涉及高电流(currency)时。例如,太阳能模组有时经受称为PID(电势诱发衰减)的效应。已提出的原因是串联模组的至高为1500 V的高电压,其归因于与玻璃-聚合物堆叠体直接接触的氧化铝框架导致离子(例如钠离子)从玻璃板迁移到硅电池中。不导电框架避免了这样的衰减并因此改进太阳能模组的使用寿命和效率。框架C的电阻率因此优选为至少109 Ohm,且甚至优选至少1012 Ohm,再更优选至少1014 Ohm(根据标准ASTM D257测量)。
术语“涂布的”或“涂层”是指在基材(核心材料,复合材料)的表面上施加了附加的材料层或材料覆盖。这种层具有显著厚度和边界以将该层与基材分开。一般而言,这种层的化学组成不同于复合材料的树脂。在形成复合部件后,并且通常甚至在单独的工艺步骤中,将该层施加到复合材料表面上。涂层通常满足功能要求,如保护、机械或化学性质的表面改性或简单地,装饰性外观。术语“未涂布的”是指在复合部件的至少20%,优选至少50%,且更优选至少75%上没有这样的层。最优选没有将这样的层,即没有将涂层施加到复合部件上。
无机纤维可以是玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维,但是玻璃纤维是优选的。优选地,框架C的复合材料具有40重量%至95重量%,更优选50重量%至90重量%,且甚至更优选60重量%至90重量%的纤维含量。最优选的是70重量%至85重量%的框架C的玻璃纤维含量。玻璃纤维含量相对于复合材料的总重量给出。
为了有助于玻璃板B更好的嵌入框架C,玻璃B和框架C在轴向方向上测量的线性热膨胀系数(CLTE)应该优选相同或至少类似。因此,在室外条件中由于季节变化和昼夜节律而通常遇到的温度变化对玻璃板与框架或密封剂间的连接造成的应力较低。此外,较大的设计自由度和较高的部件精确性以及因此建筑构件A的更好外观是有利的附带作用。
框架C在轴向方向上(即平行于纤维取向)的CLTE在20℃下在2.5*10-6 K-1至12*10-6 K-1之间,优选在3.0*10-6 K-1至11.0*10-6 K-1之间,更优选在5.0*10-6 K-1至10.0*10-6 K-1之间,且最优选在7.0*10-6 K-1至10.0*10-6 K-1之间。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,玻璃板B的CLTE和框架C在轴向上(即平行于纤维取向)测得的CLTE之间的差异在20℃下不大于200%,优选不大于100%,更优选不大于50%,且最优选不大于25%。
复合材料
术语“复合材料”的含义是本领域技术人员公知的。其是指由包埋到聚合物基质中的无机纤维,特别是玻璃或玄武岩纤维制成的材料。优选地,通过本领域中公知的拉挤成型制造复合材料。
聚合物基质
框架C的基质材料可为热固性或热塑性材料。优选的是热固性材料。甚至更优选的是基于脂族多异氰酸酯的热固性材料。这样的基于脂族多异氰酸酯的热固性材料含有至少50重量%,更优选至少70重量%,且甚至更优选至少80重量%的脂族和脂环族多异氰酸酯。用于制造聚合物基质的脂族和脂环族多异氰酸酯是单体多异氰酸酯以及低聚多异氰酸酯。此外,用于制造聚合物基质的反应混合物含有不多于40重量%,优选不多于20重量%,更优选不多于10重量%,甚至更优选不多于5重量%,且最优选不多于1重量%的芳族和芳脂族多异氰酸酯.
适合用于制造聚合物基质的脂族多异氰酸酯是1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷(BDI)、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷(PDI)、1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)、2-甲基-1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合-2,2-二甲基戊烷、2,2,4-或2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷、1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,4-二异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合-2-甲基环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基环己烷、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基-4(3)-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷、2,4'-和4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、双(异氰酸根合甲基)降冰片烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3',5,5'-四甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-1,1'-二(环己基)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基-1,1'-二(环己基)。优选使用HDI、PDI和IPDI。特别优选使用HDI。
所述脂族可以原样,即作为单体多异氰酸酯用于制造聚合物复合材料。但是,它们也可作为由两个单体多异氰酸酯反应获得的低聚多异氰酸酯使用。这种低聚产生通过由选自脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和/或噁二嗪三酮结构中的至少一种结构所连接的低聚多异氰酸酯。
为了实现材料的理想电阻及其优秀的机械性质,必须限制聚合物基质中的酯和醚部分的量。因此,反应混合物中的脂族多异氰酸酯和不同于下文定义的短链多元醇的异氰酸酯反应性化合物的比率为至少5 : 1(重量/重量),优选至少10 : 1(重量/重量),且最优选至少20 : 1(重量/重量)。如本文申请中理解的“异氰酸酯反应性化合物”是任何带有至少一个羟基、硫醇基团或氨基的化合物。
适合用于制造根据本发明的聚合物基质的短链多元醇具有至少2的平均官能度和在25重量%至60重量%之间,优选在30重量%至60重量%之间,且更优选在35重量%至60重量%之间的OH含量。
优选的短链多元醇是甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、1,2,10-癸三醇、1,2,8-辛三醇和糖醇。特别优选的是甘油。
聚合物基质优选由包含如上文定义的脂族异氰酸酯和如上文定义的短链多元醇的反应混合物制成,其中在反应混合物中异氰酸酯基团与短链多元醇的羟基之间的摩尔比为至少0.8 : 1.0,优选0.9 : 1.0,更优选1.1 : 1.0,甚至更优选1.3 : 1.0,且最优选1.5: 1.0。对这一范围没有上限,因为聚合物基质的形成不依赖于氨基甲酸酯基团的形成,而是还可通过异氰脲酸酯基团、脲二酮基团、缩二脲基团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮基团的形成介导。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,在用于制造聚合物基质的反应混合物中的异氰酸酯基团与同异氰酸酯基团具有反应性的所有基团的摩尔比为至少2 : 1,优选至少5 :1,且更优选至少10 : 1。因此,在本发明的这一实施方案中限制了任何异氰酸酯反应性化合物(包括短链多元醇)的量。
因此,在这一实施方案中,聚合物基质主要通过由一个异氰酸酯基团与另一异氰酸酯基团的反应形成的官能团交联。这样的官能团是异氰脲酸酯基团、脲二酮基团、缩二脲基团、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮和噁二嗪三酮基团。
本领域技术人员知晓用于交联异氰酸酯基团的许多催化剂和适当的反应条件。
用于由具有低异氰酸酯反应性基团含量的反应混合物制造复合材料的催化剂包含乙酸钾或辛酸钾和聚乙二醇。特别有效的是乙酸钾和数均分子量Mn在350至400 g/mol之间的聚乙二醇。聚乙二醇优选具有小于5的多分散性。
这种催化剂以引发交联反应所需的量在反应混合物中具有足够的可溶性或可分散性。三聚催化剂因此优选以纯形式添加到多异氰酸酯树脂组合物中。
“以纯形式添加三聚催化剂”是指将金属盐溶解或至少悬浮在聚醚中。该金属盐在这种溶液中的比例小于50重量%,优选小于25重量%,更优选小于20重量%或小于15重量%,且尤其小于10重量%。但是,比例在任何情况下都大于0.01重量%。上述比例基于金属盐和聚醚的总重量计。
优选在80℃至350℃,更优选100℃至300℃,且最优选150℃至250℃的温度下进行交联。
如果在反应混合物中存在显著量的短链多元醇,可使用介导氨基甲酸酯基团形成的任何催化剂。合适的催化剂可见于例如Becker / Braun, Kunststoffhandbuch Band 7,Polyurethane [Plastics handbook, Volume 7, Polyurethanes], 第3.4章。可用的特定催化剂是选自胺和有机金属化合物,优选选自有机锡化合物和有机铋化合物的化合物,且特别优选是二月桂酸二丁基锡。
基于多异氰酸酯组分和短链多元醇组分的质量之和计,添加的催化剂的量为0.001至0.100重量%,优选0.002至0.050重量%,且特别优选0.005至0.030重量%。
密封剂D
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,建筑构件A另外包含确保框架C与嵌入的玻璃板B之间的良好连接的密封剂D。此外,在使用夹层构件,例如一个或多个板的堆叠体或与其它(薄膜)片材预组装的板的情况下,密封剂D也可充当阻隔以防止水分或空气侵入。
密封剂已经为各种要求而进行了开发并且种类相当广泛。根据实际应用,密封剂D包含聚合的弹性材料,其基于多晶硅、聚酯、聚醚、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸系树脂(polyacrylics)、热塑性弹性体、热塑性烯烃或橡胶聚合物。合适的材料和它们的性质也是本领域中公知的。密封剂的原材料可包括但不限于异氰酸酯、环氧树脂、丙烯酸酯、硅酮、烯烃、胺、醇和羧酸以及它们的衍生物。通常,除自由基清除剂和紫外线阻隔剂外,还以相当显著的量使用附加填料,如碳酸盐、硅酸盐、硫酸盐、石墨或炭黑以及其它无机填料以降低价格、增强耐久性和改进或优化机械性质。
根据本发明,可使用表现出良好耐候性并提供密封玻璃B和框架C所需的机械性能的所有密封剂。由生产商给出的推荐,可以容易地选择和购买适当的密封剂。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,密封剂基于硅酮或聚氨酯,优选的是硅酮。这些容易操作并可购自不同公司,例如Du Pont、Dow Corning、Momentive、Lord、Henkel和Sika。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明涉及根据前述权利要求中任一项的建筑构件在应用中的用途,其中所述用途的特征在于将所述建筑的至少一部分暴露于室外条件总共多于5年。
在再一优选实施方案中,本发明涉及根据前述权利要求中任一项的建筑构件在应用中的用途,其中所述用途的特征在于将所述建筑构件的表面积的至少10%暴露于室外条件总共多于5年。
下列实施例仅意在举例说明本发明。它们不应以任何方式限制权利要求书的范围。
实施例
Desmodur® N 3600是来自Covestro AG的具有23.0重量%的NCO含量的HDI三聚物(NCO官能度 > 3)。在23℃下的粘度为大约1200 mPas(DIN EN ISO 3219/A.3)。
99.0%纯度的甘油(1,2,3-丙三醇)来自于Calbiochem bezogen。
Baydur® PUL 20PL05是来自Covestro AG的多元醇和辅助剂的混合物,并用于在拉挤成型中生产由聚氨酯组成的含玻璃纤维的型材。在20℃下的粘度为大约1600 mPas(DIN 53019)。
Desmodur® PUL 10PL01是来自Covestro AG的具有大约31重量%的NCO含量的二苯甲烷4,4'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)与异构体和更高官能度同系物的混合物,并用于在拉挤成型中生产由聚氨酯组成的含玻璃纤维的型材。在25℃下的粘度为160-240 mPas(2011-0248603-94)。
纯度> 99重量%的二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)以Tinstab® BL277为名由ACROS获得。
纯度> 99重量%的聚乙二醇400由ACROS获得。
纯度> 99重量%的乙酸钾由ACROS获得。
INT – 1940 RTM分离剂由Axel Plastics Research Laboratories, INC.获得,并且根据数据表是有机脂肪酸和酯的混合物。
硬脂酸锌由SysKem Chemie GmbH获得。
玻璃纤维是用于UP、VE和环氧树脂的标准尺寸的玻璃纤维束,产品名为‘Advantex399’具有4800 tex,来自3B-玻璃纤维(3B-fibreglass)。根据数据表,玻璃纤维具有24微米的直径,不含硼并由E-CR玻璃组成。拉伸模量为81-83 GPa,拉伸强度2200-2400 MPa且密度2.62 g/cm3。
太阳能玻璃板购自Flat Glass Group,类型为超压花玻璃(low iron patternglass),3.2 mm厚度。
太阳能背板购自Jolywood, TPT-3501类型。
封装材料是购自First Applied Materials的EVA,类型F406。
密封剂是来自Tonsan的硅酮密封剂,类型Tonsan 1527。
三聚催化剂的制备
将乙酸钾(50.0 g)在室温下在PEG 400(950.0 g)中搅拌直至其全部溶解。由此获得乙酸钾在PEG 400中的5重量%溶液,并且将其不经进一步处理地用作催化剂。
树脂混合物的制备
在室温下在开放容器中起初装载异氰酸酯,并借助Dispermat®和溶解器盘以100转/分钟(rpm)搅拌。随后,首先加入分离剂,且然后加入催化剂,将搅拌器速度提高到300 rpm并将整个混合物再搅拌10分钟,以形成均匀混合物。这一混合物不经进一步处理地用于拉挤。
框架C的制造
实施例1
基于脂族聚氨酯的框架(用于本发明的实施例的框架C)
使用Desmodur N 3600(8.56 kg)、甘油(1.38 kg)、脱模剂INT-1940 RTM(0.30 kg)、DBTL(0.008 kg)和玻璃纤维粗纱(126根粗纱)拉挤用于框架的型材。将粗纱拉到注塑箱中,向其中泵入树脂混合物并浸渍。此后,使润湿的纤维经过加热的染料(温度200℃)。牵拉速度(pulling speed)为0.3 m/ min。所得型材不经进一步处理地使用。
样品在进行了根据SAE J 2527的风化试验(10000 h)和UV试验((A和B);5000 h)后在10000小时后没有表现出表面质量的任何变化(视觉检查)。型材的玻璃纤维含量为80.8重量%(DIN EN ISO 1172/A)。轴向方向上的线性热膨胀系数为8.9e-6 / K。
实施例2
基于脂族聚异氰脲酸酯的框架(用于本发明的实施例的框架C)
使用Desmodur N 3600(9.45 kg)、脱模剂INT-1940 RTM(0.30 kg)、三聚催化剂100(0.2 kg)、硬脂酸锌(0.05 kg)和玻璃纤维粗纱(126根粗纱)拉挤用于框架的型材。将粗纱拉到注塑箱中,向其中泵入树脂混合物并浸渍。此后,使润湿的纤维经过加热的染料(温度200℃)。牵拉速度为0.3 m/ min。所得型材不经进一步处理地使用。
样品在进行了根据SAE J 2527的风化试验(10000 h)和UV试验((A和B);5000 h)后在10000小时后没有表现出表面质量的任何变化(视觉检查)。型材的玻璃纤维含量为80.8重量%(DIN EN ISO 1172/A)。轴向方向上的线性热膨胀系数为8.9e-6 / K。
建筑构件A的实施例(本发明的实施例3)
将玻璃板(太阳能玻璃,3.2 mm,1.60 m x 1.00 m)在全部周长上使用实施例1的框架C用硅酮密封剂装边。将成品建筑构件A置于室外(上海)多于12个月,而没有任何外观变化。
建筑构件A的实施例(本发明的实施例4)
将玻璃板(太阳能玻璃,3.2 mm,1.60 m x 1.00 m)在全部周长上使用实施例2的框架C并用硅酮密封剂装边。将成品建筑构件A置于室外(上海)多于12个月,而没有任何外观变化。
用于太阳能模组中的建筑构件A的实施例(本发明的实施例5)
通过如工业中公知的真空层合法组装由玻璃板(太阳能玻璃,3.2 mm,1.60 m x 1.00m)、EVA片材、有线太阳能电池、EVA片材和背板组成的夹层堆叠体。将堆叠体的全部周长使用实施例2的框架C并用硅酮密封剂包封。成品太阳能模组组装件经受了根据标准IEC61215:2005的试验,并通过了这些试验。
芳族PU框架(用于框架的非本发明的实施例)
使用Baydur® PUL 20PL05、Desmodur® PUL 10PL01和脱模剂4重量%和玻璃纤维粗纱(126根粗纱)拉挤用于框架的型材。将粗纱拉到注塑箱中,向其中泵入树脂混合物并浸渍。此后,使润湿的纤维经过加热的染料(温度160℃)。牵拉速度为0.6 m/ min。所得型材不经进一步处理地使用。
样品在进行风化试验后表现出很大的表面变化,如在表面上露出原始玻璃纤维和变色。根据SAE J 2527的试验在1000小时后已由于样品降解而停止。该型材不可以用于制造建筑构件A。
Claims (10)
1.建筑构件A,其包括
a) 至少一个玻璃板B;和
b) 由未涂布的热固性聚合物复合材料制成的框架C,所述热固性聚合物复合材料的聚合物基质基于至少50重量%的脂族多异氰酸酯;和
c) 任选地,至少一种密封剂D,其将所述玻璃板B与框架C连接;
其中(i) 所述玻璃板B和所述框架C(在轴向方向上测量)的线性热膨胀系数差异在20℃下小于600%;并且(ii) 所述玻璃板B的周长的至少25%嵌在所述框架C中;并且(iii) 所述建筑构件A的至少一些区域,部分包括其玻璃B、其框架C和任选其密封剂D暴露于室外气候条件。
2.权利要求1所述的建筑构件,其中所述玻璃板B具有在2.0 m至25.0 m之间的周长。
3.权利要求1或2所述的建筑构件,其中框架C的至少20%是未涂布的。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的建筑构件,其中所述热固性聚合物复合材料由具有大于5 : 1的脂族多异氰酸酯和不同于短链多元醇的异氰酸酯反应性化合物的质量比的反应混合物制成。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的建筑构件,其中所述脂族多异氰酸酯包含选自1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的至少一种脂族多异氰酸酯。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的建筑构件,其中所述热固性聚合物复合材料由包含短链多元醇的反应混合物制成。
7.权利要求6所述的建筑构件,其中所述反应混合物含有选自甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、1,2,10-癸三醇、1,2,8-辛三醇和糖醇的至少一种短链多元醇。
8.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的建筑构件,其中所述热固性聚合物复合材料由具有至少2 : 1的异氰酸酯基团与同异氰酸酯基团具有反应性的所有基团的摩尔比的反应混合物制成。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的建筑构件在应用中的用途,其中所述用途的特征在于将所述建筑的至少一部分暴露于室外条件总共多于5年。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的建筑构件在应用中的用途,其中所述用途的特征在于将所述建筑构件的表面积的至少10%暴露于室外条件总共多于5年。
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- 2018-03-05 US US16/977,749 patent/US20210054677A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20210054677A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
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