CN111781731A - Double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing - Google Patents
Double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111781731A CN111781731A CN202010808330.9A CN202010808330A CN111781731A CN 111781731 A CN111781731 A CN 111781731A CN 202010808330 A CN202010808330 A CN 202010808330A CN 111781731 A CN111781731 A CN 111781731A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0933—Systems for active beam shaping by rapid movement of an element
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing, which comprises two light path systems, a galvanometer system, a light beam coupler and a working platform, wherein a third variable-magnification beam expander and a galvanometer system are arranged in the propagation direction of flat-top light spots emitted by the first light path system, the third variable-magnification beam expander is connected with a first light beam shaping mechanism, the second light path system is vertically arranged above the space between the third variable-magnification beam expander and the galvanometer system, the light beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat-top light spots respectively emitted by the first light path system and the second light path system, and the working platform is arranged below the galvanometer system. The first optical path system and the second optical path system can perform synchronous or mutually independent coupling input of laser beams in different wavelength intervals through the beam coupler, one set of system can realize processing of different power interaction of two laser powers and six beam forms, and a new solution is provided for developing research of low-cost and multi-directional additive processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser 3D printing, in particular to a double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing.
Background
Metal 3D printing is currently a hotspot of international research and emerging fields. The 3D printing technology represented by metal laser selective melting (SLM) is listed as one of key core technologies of basic research work in China, and the difficulty is how to improve the efficiency and ensure the quality and consistency.
At present, SLM research at home and abroad basically defaults that laser beams must accord with Gaussian distribution, and unstable pinhole phenomenon is brought to cause quantity reduction once power is increased, so that printing efficiency cannot be fundamentally improved. According to related researches, the printing quality can be improved (splashing is obviously inhibited and printing defects are reduced) by adopting the light source distributed in the nearly flat top manner, and in addition, when high-reflection materials such as copper/aluminum and the like are printed, the laser absorption rate can be obviously improved by short-wavelength laser, the generation of the printing defects is reduced, and further, the printing efficiency and the printing quality are improved.
The optical device which gives consideration to both beam shaping and double-optical-path coupling is developed, on one hand, the energy distribution and the spot size of a light beam are changed, and on the other hand, lasers with different wavelengths and powers can be synchronously or independently input, so that the optical device has great significance for developing metal additive manufacturing researches under different wavelength, spot energy distribution, shapes and composite action states.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a double-optical-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing, which can realize double-optical-path coupling input with different wave bands and different powers, and can respectively shape the energy distribution state and the light spot shape of each optical path system, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the optical path system comprises a laser, a collimator, a variable-magnification beam expander and a beam shaping mechanism, wherein the collimator, the variable-magnification beam expander and the beam shaping mechanism are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of laser beams emitted by the laser, the laser is connected with the collimator through an optical fiber, the collimator is connected with the variable-magnification beam expander, and the variable-magnification beam expander is connected with the beam shaping mechanism.
Further, the beam shaping mechanism comprises an electric switching device, a beam homogenizer and a beam shaper, the electric switching device comprises a first electric module, a second electric module and a fixed support, the first electric module and the second electric module are respectively fixed on two sides of the fixed support, two ends of the first electric module are respectively provided with a first limit switch and a second limit switch, two ends of the second electric module are respectively provided with a third limit switch and a fourth limit switch, the beam homogenizer is arranged on a telescopic piece of the first electric module, and the beam shaper is arranged on a telescopic piece of the second electric module.
Further, the shape of the flat-top light spot shaped by the light beam homogenizer is a circular flat-top light spot, and the shape of the flat-top light spot shaped by the light beam shaper is a rectangular flat-top light spot, a linear flat-top light spot, an elliptical flat-top light spot or a flat-top light spot with a specific shape customized according to requirements.
And the control system is respectively connected with the first electric module, the second electric module, the first limit switch, the second limit switch, the third limit switch and the fourth limit switch.
A double-optical-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing comprises a third variable-power beam expander, two vibrating mirror systems, a beam coupler, a working platform and two optical path systems, wherein the third variable-power beam expander and the vibrating mirror systems are arranged in the propagation direction of flat-top light spots emitted by the first optical path system, the third variable-power beam expander is connected with a first beam shaping mechanism, the second optical path system is vertically arranged above the third variable-power beam expander and the vibrating mirror systems, the beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat-top light spots respectively emitted by the first optical path system and the second optical path system, and the working platform is arranged below the vibrating mirror systems.
Furthermore, the galvanometer system mainly comprises a first galvanometer, a second galvanometer and a field lens, wherein the first galvanometer is arranged in the horizontal direction of the transmission of the flat-top light spots emitted by the light beam shaping mechanism, the second galvanometer is arranged in parallel in the vertical direction of the first galvanometer, and the field lens is arranged below the second galvanometer.
The shaping method for the metal SLM printing double-light-path coupling shaping device comprises the following steps that after the size of a flat-top light spot emitted by the first light path system is adjusted through the third variable-magnification beam expander, the flat-top light spot and a flat-top light spot emitted by the second light path system are respectively coupled into a beam of flat-top light spot through the light beam coupler and enter the galvanometer system, and the beam of flat-top light spot and the flat-top light spot are collected to the working platform through the galvanometer system to be subjected to laser processing
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
(1) The invention provides a double-light-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing, which can carry out single or synchronous coupling input of light sources with different wave bands and different powers.
(2) Each light path system in the double light path can respectively realize the automatic switching of light beam forms such as Gaussian circular light spots, circular flat-top light spots, rectangular flat-top light spots, linear flat-top light spots, elliptic flat-top light spots or flat-top light spots with specific shapes customized according to requirements through the switching of the light beam homogenizer and the light beam shaper.
(3) The double-optical-path coupling shaping device has the advantages that the laser beams are distributed in a flat top manner, and the energy density in a light spot range is basically consistent. In order to ensure that the power per unit area does not burn materials, the size of a light spot can be increased under the condition of higher laser power, so that the width and the thickness of single processing are increased, and the printing efficiency is improved.
(4) The double-optical-path coupling shaping device can synchronously input two lasers with different powers, wherein one laser is used as a main processing optical path, and the other laser is used for preheating or post-processing, so that the tendency of generating cracks in the printing of high-hardness materials can be effectively reduced, and the printing quality is improved.
(5) The double-optical-path coupling shaping device can realize the processing of interaction of two laser powers input by one set of system and different powers of six light beam forms (each laser power is three light beam forms), and provides a solution for the research of multi-directional additive processing at low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual optical path coupling beam shaping device for metal SLM printing according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of gaussian laser emitted from the laser of each optical path system of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dual optical path system of FIG. 1 after spot shaping coupling;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dual optical path coupling of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the beam shaping mechanism of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a first laser; 2. a first collimator; 3. a first variable magnification beam expander; 4. a beam homogenizer; 5. a beam shaper; 6. a third variable magnification beam expander; 7. a beam coupler; 8. a second laser; 9. a second collimator; 10. a second variable magnification beam expander; 11. a first galvanometer; 12. a second galvanometer; 13. a field lens; 14. a working platform; 15. a first limit switch; 16. a second limit switch; 17. a third limit switch; 18. a fourth limit switch; 19. a first electromotive module; 20. a second electromotive module; 21. fixing a bracket; G. gaussian laser; r is the spot radius of the Gaussian laser; n: an energy density; f1: a circular flat-topped light spot; f2: rectangular flat-top light spots; f3: linear flat-top light spots; r is the spot radius of the flat-top spot; n1: energy density of flat-topped spots.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments, it should be noted that the specific embodiments and the attached drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the double-optical-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing provided in this embodiment includes two optical path systems, namely, a first optical path system and a second optical path system, a beam coupler 7 and a working platform 14, and a third variable-magnification beam expander 6 and a galvanometer system are arranged in a propagation direction of a flat-top light spot emitted by the first optical path system.
The first optical path system comprises a first laser 1, a first collimator 2 along the propagation direction of a laser beam emitted by the first laser 1, a first variable beam expander 3 and a first beam shaping mechanism to form a beam transmission channel, wherein the first laser 1 is a fiber laser with the wavelength of 1070-. The first laser 1 is connected with a first collimator 2 with an optical fiber interface through an optical fiber, the first collimator 2 is connected with a first variable-magnification beam expander 3 through a bolt, the first variable-magnification beam expander 3 is connected with a first light beam shaping mechanism through a bolt, the first light beam shaping mechanism 3 is connected with a third variable-magnification beam expander 6 through a bolt, the first collimator 2 converts a laser beam emitted by the first laser 1 from a divergent state into a parallel state, the first variable-magnification beam expander 3 appropriately adjusts the size of the incident laser beam in the parallel state to meet the incident size requirement of the first light beam shaping mechanism, and the flat-top light spot after shaping emitted by the first light beam shaping mechanism is adjusted to realize energy distribution and light spot size change.
The second optical path system is vertically arranged above the space between the first optical path system and the galvanometer system, the second optical path system comprises a second laser 8, a second collimator 9 along the propagation direction of a laser beam emitted by the second laser 8, a second variable beam expanding mirror 10 and a second beam shaping mechanism to form a beam transmission channel, the second laser 8 is a non-fiber laser which is a semiconductor laser or a green laser, the laser beam is in a near-flat top state or a Gaussian divergence state, and the wavelength is different from that of the first laser 1. The second laser 8 is connected with a second collimator 9 with an optical fiber interface through an optical fiber, the second collimator 9 is connected with a second variable beam expanding mirror 10 through a bolt, the second variable beam expanding mirror 10 is connected with a second beam shaping mechanism through a bolt, the second collimator 9 converts the laser beam emitted by the second laser 8 from a divergent state to a parallel state, the second variable beam expanding mirror 10 appropriately adjusts the size of the incident laser beam in the parallel state to meet the incident size requirement of the second beam shaping mechanism, and the energy distribution and the light spot size change are realized through the flat-top light spot adjustment after the shaping of the second beam shaping mechanism.
The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 are used for emitting laser beams and transmitting the laser beams through optical fibers, and the laser beams are emitted from the optical fibers and then divergently transmitted.
The first collimator 2 and the second collimator 9 are used for respectively connecting laser beams emitted by the first laser 1 and the second laser 2, and respectively adjusting the laser beams transmitted in a divergent mode into parallel transmission, and the energy distribution is Gaussian distribution.
The first variable beam expander 3 and the second variable beam expander 10 are used for respectively and properly adjusting the sizes of parallel light spots output by the first collimator 2 and the second collimator 9 so as to respectively meet the size requirements of the first beam shaping mechanism and the second beam shaping mechanism on laser beams.
The third variable beam expander 6 is used for adjusting the size of the light spot of the flat-top light spot emitted by the first optical path system.
The light beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat-top light spots emitted by the first light path system and the second light path system respectively. The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 can respectively and synchronously emit laser beams with different powers and different wavelengths, and the two laser beams can be coupled into one laser beam through the beam coupler 7 and then enter the galvanometer system, so that double-optical-path coupling processing is realized. The first laser 1 and the second laser 2 can also respectively and independently emit laser beams, and the laser beams are coupled by the beam coupler 7 and enter the galvanometer system to realize single-light-path coupling processing. The light beam coupler 7 selects a proper coating according to the wavelengths of the first laser 1 and the second laser 8, and is provided with a corresponding circulating cooling unit according to corresponding power, so that the loss in the laser beam transmission process can be effectively reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 5, the first beam shaping mechanism and the second beam shaping mechanism respectively include an electric switching device, a beam homogenizer 4, a beam shaper 5, a first limit switch 15, a second limit switch 16, a third limit switch 17, a fourth limit switch 18 and a control system, the electric switching device includes a first electric module 19, a second electric module 20 and a fixed bracket 21, the first electric module 19 and the second electric module 20 are respectively fixed on two sides of the fixed bracket 21, the beam homogenizer 4 is arranged on an expansion member of the first electric module 19, the first limit switch 15 and the second limit switch 16 are respectively arranged at two ends of the first electric module 19, the beam shaper 5 is arranged on an expansion member of the second electric module 20, the third limit switch 17 and the fourth limit switch 18 are respectively arranged at two ends of the second electric module 20, the first electric module 12, The second electric module 13, the first limit switch 15, the second limit switch 16, the third limit switch 17 and the fourth limit switch 18 are respectively connected with the control system.
The shape of the flat-top light spot shaped by the light beam homogenizer 4 is a circular flat-top light spot, and the shape of the flat-top light spot shaped by the light beam shaper 5 is a rectangular flat-top light spot, a linear flat-top light spot, an elliptical flat-top light spot or a flat-top light spot with a specific shape customized according to requirements.
In use, in the initial state, the telescopic member of the first motorized module 19 is located at the first limit switch 15, and the telescopic member of the second motorized module 20 is located at the third limit switch 17.
When the laser beam in the divergent transmission state needs to be shaped into a round flat-top light spot, the control system controls the telescopic part of the first electric module 19 to drive the light beam homogenizer 4 to extend forwards and enter the light beam transmission channel, and after the second limit switch 16 detects a signal of the light beam homogenizer 4, the first electric module 19 is controlled to stop working and sends an in-place detection signal that the light beam homogenizer 4 enters the light beam transmission channel to the control system.
When shaping is required to be rectangular flat-top light spots, linear flat-top light spots, elliptical flat-top light spots or flat-top light spots with specific shapes are customized according to requirements, the control system controls the telescopic piece of the first electric module 19 to drive the light beam homogenizer 4 to contract backwards and exit from a light beam transmission channel, the first limit switch 15 controls the first electric module 19 to stop working after detecting a signal of the light beam homogenizer 4, in-place detection information of the light beam homogenizer 4 returning to an initial position is sent to the control system, the control system controls the telescopic piece of the second electric module 13 to drive the light beam shaper 5 to extend forwards and enter the light beam transmission channel, and the fourth limit switch 18 controls the second electric module 20 to stop working after detecting the signal of the light beam shaper 5 and sends in-place detection signals of the light beam shaper 5 entering the light beam transmission channel to the control system.
The beam homogenizer 4 is used for adjusting the circular parallel light spots distributed in Gaussian distribution into the circular parallel light spots distributed in flat-top distribution, and the sizes of the light spots are not changed before and after.
The beam shaper 5 has the function of adjusting the circular parallel light spots in Gaussian distribution into rectangular or linear parallel light spots in flat-top distribution, and the sizes of the light spots are changed from front to back.
The electric switching device has the functions of realizing automatic switching of the beam homogenizer 4 and the beam shaper 5, thereby realizing the conversion of the circular flat-top light spot and the rectangular/linear flat-top light spot; and secondly, the output state of the original Gaussian laser can be kept after the light beam homogenizer 4 and the light beam shaper 5 are shifted.
The purpose of the first limit switch 15 is to limit the retraction of the first motorized module 19 to the initial state and to send an initial position in-place detection signal to the control system.
The second limit switch 16 is intended to define the position of the forward extension of the telescopic member of the first motorized module 19 and to send a forward extension of the beam homogenizer 4 in-position detection signal to the control system.
The third limit switch 17 is intended to limit the retraction of the second motorized pulley 20 to the initial position and to send an initial position in-place detection signal to the control system.
The purpose of the fourth limit switch 18 is to define the forward extended position of the telescoping member of the second motorized module 20 and to send a forward extended reach detect signal of the beam shaper 5 to the control system.
The galvanometer system mainly comprises a first galvanometer 11, a second galvanometer 12 and a field lens 13, wherein the first galvanometer 11 is arranged in the horizontal direction of the spread of the flat-top light spots emitted by the light beam shaping mechanism, the second galvanometer 12 is arranged in parallel in the vertical direction of the first galvanometer 11, the field lens 13 is arranged below the second galvanometer 12, the flat-top light spots are gathered by the field lens 13 and reach the surface of a working platform 14 to process metal powder, and the working platform 14 is arranged below the galvanometer system as a powder printing carrier.
The first galvanometer 11 and the second galvanometer 12 are used for driving the lenses to rotate through the rotation of the motor so as to change the transmission direction of the laser beam and realize the adjustment of the laser positions in the X/Y directions. The system adopts a double-vibrating-mirror structure, and can design and select the type of the vibrating mirror system and the field lens according to the printing breadth, power and wavelength requirements of equipment.
The field lens 13 functions to focus the laser beam of the second galvanometer 12 to an appropriate size.
The work platform 14 is a platform for carrying metal powder, which is melted by laser heating and processed in multiple layers to form the final desired product.
The shaping method of the double-optical-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing comprises the following steps that after the size of a flat-top light spot emitted by a first optical path system is adjusted through a third variable-magnification beam expander 6, the flat-top light spot emitted by a second optical path system and the flat-top light spot emitted by the second optical path system are coupled into a flat-top light spot through a light beam coupler 7 and enter a first galvanometer 11, a lens of the first galvanometer 11 is rotated to change the transmission direction of the flat-top light spot and then enter a second galvanometer 12, a lens of the second galvanometer 12 is rotated to change the transmission direction of the flat-top light spot and enter a field lens 13, and the flat-top light spot is collected to a working platform 14 through the field lens.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The optical path system is characterized by comprising a laser, a collimator, a variable-magnification beam expanding mirror and a beam shaping mechanism, wherein the collimator, the variable-magnification beam expanding mirror and the beam shaping mechanism are sequentially arranged along the propagation direction of laser beams emitted by the laser, the laser is connected with the collimator through an optical fiber, the collimator is connected with the variable-magnification beam expanding mirror, and the variable-magnification beam expanding mirror is connected with the beam shaping mechanism.
2. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the beam shaping mechanism comprises an electric switching device, a beam homogenizer and a beam shaper, the electric switching device comprises a first electric module, a second electric module and a fixed bracket, the first electric module and the second electric module are respectively fixed on two sides of the fixed bracket, a first limit switch and a second limit switch are respectively arranged at two ends of the first electric module, a third limit switch and a fourth limit switch are respectively arranged at two ends of the second electric module, the beam homogenizer is arranged on a telescopic member of the first electric module, and the beam shaper is arranged on a telescopic member of the second electric module.
3. The optical path system of claim 2, wherein the shape of the flat-topped light spot shaped by the beam homogenizer is a circular flat-topped light spot, and the shape of the flat-topped light spot shaped by the beam shaper is a rectangular flat-topped light spot, a linear flat-topped light spot, an elliptical flat-topped light spot, or a flat-topped light spot with a specific shape customized according to requirements.
4. The optical circuit system according to claim 2, comprising a control system, wherein the control system is connected to the first electromotive module, the second electromotive module, the first limit switch, the second limit switch, the third limit switch and the fourth limit switch respectively.
5. The double-optical-path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing is characterized by comprising two third variable-power beam expanders, a galvanometer system, a beam coupler, a working platform and the optical path system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third variable-power beam expander and the galvanometer system are arranged in the propagation direction of flat-topped light spots emitted by the first optical path system, the third variable-power beam expander is connected with the first beam shaping mechanism, the second optical path system is vertically arranged above the space between the third variable-power beam expander and the galvanometer system, the beam coupler is arranged at the vertical intersection of the flat-topped light spots respectively emitted by the first optical path system and the second optical path system, and the working platform is arranged below the galvanometer system.
6. The double optical path coupling shaping device for metal SLM printing according to claim 5, wherein the galvanometer system mainly comprises a first galvanometer, a second galvanometer and a field lens, the first galvanometer is arranged in a horizontal direction of the beam shaping mechanism for emitting the flat-top light spot to propagate, the second galvanometer is arranged in parallel in a vertical direction of the first galvanometer, and the field lens is arranged below the second galvanometer.
7. The shaping method of the metal SLM printing double-light-path coupling shaping device of claim 5, wherein the shaping method comprises the following steps that after the size of the flat-top light spot emitted by the first light path system is adjusted by the third variable-magnification beam expander, the flat-top light spot emitted by the first light path system and the flat-top light spot emitted by the second light path system are respectively coupled into a beam of flat-top light spot through the light beam coupler, the beam of flat-top light spot enters the galvanometer system, and the beam of flat-top light spot is focused on the working platform by the galvanometer system to be processed by.
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