CN111936263A - Device and method for generating laser radiation with different powers and brightnesses - Google Patents

Device and method for generating laser radiation with different powers and brightnesses Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111936263A
CN111936263A CN201980022968.5A CN201980022968A CN111936263A CN 111936263 A CN111936263 A CN 111936263A CN 201980022968 A CN201980022968 A CN 201980022968A CN 111936263 A CN111936263 A CN 111936263A
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laser radiation
fiber
input laser
input
radiation
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CN201980022968.5A
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H·齐莫尔
T·凯泽
A·波普
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Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
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Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen SE and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/38Removing material by boring or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0613Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams having a common axis

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The device (1) for laser material processing according to the invention comprises a first diode laser unit (2) for generating a first input laser radiation (3) with a higher brightness by dense wavelength coupling of a plurality of diode laser beams (10) of the first diode laser unit (2), a second diode laser unit (4) for generating a second input laser radiation (5) with a lower brightness by geometric superposition of a plurality of diode laser beams (11) of the second diode laser unit (4), an optical fiber in the form of a dual-core or multi-core fiber (6) with at least one first and second fiber cores (7, 8) or in the form of a gradient index fiber (16), and at least one optical element (9) for coupling the first input laser radiation (3) into the first fiber core (7) of the dual-core or multi-core fiber (6) and for coupling the second input laser radiation into the second fiber core (7) The laser radiation (5) is coupled into the second fiber core (8) or is used to couple the first input laser radiation (3) into a first region of the gradient-index fiber (16) and the second input laser radiation (5) into a second region, such that the first input laser radiation (3) is coupled out of the fiber end (6b) of the optical fiber (6) as first output laser radiation (13) and the first and second input laser radiation (3, 5) are coupled out of the fiber end as second output laser radiation (14).

Description

Device and method for generating laser radiation with different powers and brightnesses
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for generating a first output laser radiation with a lower power and a higher brightness or a second output laser radiation with a higher power and a lower brightness.
Background
Workpieces consisting of structural steel (e.g. S235) with large workpiece thicknesses (>5mm) are typically cut by laser flame cutting, i.e. with the addition of oxygen. An effective flame cut in such a resulting steel sheet requires a high laser power with poor beam quality (beam parameter product >16mm mrad). And in particular workpieces consisting of stainless steel or aluminium with small workpiece thicknesses (<5mm) are cut by laser fusion cutting, i.e. with the aid of nitrogen or argon as cutting gas which is driven through the kerf at a pressure between 2 and 20 bar.
The current development of Dense Wavelength coupled DWM (Dense Wavelength Multiplexing) diode lasers for laser cutting aims at high laser output power with the best possible beam quality (beam parameter product <4mm mrad), which is very well suited for laser fusion cutting (of stainless steel plates), but less ideal for flame cutting in structural steel plates.
DWM diode lasers are known, for example, from US 6,192,062B 1, US 6,208,679B 1, US 6,327,292B 1, US 9,306,369B 2, US 9,391,713B 2, US 2016/0336714 a1, WO 2016/062758 a1 and DE 102011003142 a 1.
From US 2013/0215914 a1 a configuration is known in which a fiber laser with good beam quality and a solid-state laser with poor beam quality are used for machining. The first input laser radiation generated by the fiber laser is coupled into the fiber core only, and the second input laser radiation generated by the solid-state laser is coupled into the fiber core and the fiber jacket in the transmission fiber and both are coupled out together as an output laser beam.
A laser source is also known from EP 1848074 a1, in which the pump radiation (pumpstahlung) is controlled such that it lies at the absorption maximum of the active medium and the output laser radiation is predominantly provided by the active medium and has a good beam quality, or is located outside the absorption of the active medium and the output laser radiation is predominantly provided by the pump source and has a poor beam quality.
Finally, a laser processing machine with a fiber laser is known from US 8,008,600B 2, in which input laser radiation generated by the fiber laser and pump laser radiation not absorbed in the fiber laser are coupled into a transmission fiber and for processing are coupled out together as an output laser beam.
Disclosure of Invention
In contrast, the object of the present invention is to specify a device and a method for generating a first output laser beam having a lower power and a higher brightness or a second output laser beam having a higher power and a lower brightness.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by an apparatus for laser material processing having a first diode laser unit for generating a first input laser beam having a higher brightness, in particular by dense wavelength coupling of a plurality of diode laser beams of the first diode laser unit, a second diode laser unit for generating a second input laser beam having a lower brightness, in particular by geometric superposition of a plurality of diode laser beams of the second diode laser unit, an optical fiber in the form of a dual-core or multi-core fiber having at least one first and one second fiber core or in the form of a gradient index fiber, and a first fiber core for coupling the first input laser radiation into the dual-core or multi-core fiber and the second input laser radiation into the second fiber core or for coupling the first input laser radiation into a first region of the gradient index fiber and the second input laser radiation into a second region of the gradient index fiber At least one optical element in the second region such that the first input laser radiation is coupled out as a first output laser radiation and the first and second input laser radiation are coupled out as a second output laser radiation from the fiber end of the optical fiber.
The diode laser units may respectively include a plurality of diode laser modules. The diode laser module may have one or more signal emitters or one or more diode bars with a plurality of emitters. The signal emitters or diode bars are arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array, wherein the array consists of vertical and/or horizontal stacks of signal emitters or diode bars.
According to the invention, the first diode laser unit is a dense wavelength coupled DWM diode laser and the second diode laser unit is a diode laser with low beam quality. By coupling the second input laser radiation generated by the second diode laser unit into the second fiber core, a higher laser power is provided for flame cutting. Higher laser output power enables higher feed and larger sheet thicknesses can be cut. The reduced beam quality (about 16mm mrad) leads to better cut edge quality when flame cutting. The laser power required when cutting thinner workpieces is lower. Thus, the second diode laser unit can be switched off and the machine can be operated with energy saving.
According to the invention, the following basic idea is followed:
the laser power of the non-wavelength-coupled (non-DWM) input laser beam is added to the laser power of the densely wavelength-coupled DWM beam with a reduced beam quality, which leads overall to a higher output power and to a lower beam quality of the output laser beam and, in particular when flame-cutting workpieces having a large thickness, advantageously influences both the cutting speed and the cut edge quality.
In the case of a dual-core or multi-core fiber, it is particularly preferred if the first fiber core is configured as an inner fiber core and the second fiber core is configured as an outer fiber core, which annularly surrounds the inner fiber core. Thus, a first input laser radiation is coupled into the inner fiber core and a second input laser radiation is coupled into the outer fiber core.
The at least one optical element, for example a common lens or one lens each for two input laser radiations, can also be configured for coupling the first and second input laser radiations into the optical fiber at different angles of incidence and/or with different divergences.
As experiments have shown, for thin and thick sheet processing, the first input laser radiation should have a beam parameter product of at most 4mm mrad and the second input laser radiation should have a beam parameter product of at least 16mm mrad.
Preferably, a focusing device is arranged in the beam path of the first and second output laser radiation, which focusing device focuses the first and second output laser radiation into a focal plane. As experiments have shown, for thin and thick plate processing, the focal spot diameter of the first output radiation in the focal plane should lie between 30 μm and 500 μm, and the focal spot diameter of the second output radiation in the focal plane should lie between 700 μm and 900 μm.
The wavelength range of the second input laser radiation is preferably outside the wavelength range of the first input laser radiation, i.e. for example the first input laser radiation is in the wavelength range of 900nm to 950nm and the second input laser radiation is in the wavelength range of 960nm and 965 nm.
Advantageously, in the beam path of the first and second input laser radiation, a coupling optics is arranged between the first and second diode laser units on the one hand and the optical fiber on the other hand, which coupling optics superimposes the first and second input laser radiation. The coupling optics can be, for example, a wavelength-selective mirror (multilayer mirror) which is constructed to be transparent to the first input laser radiation and reflective to the second input laser radiation, or vice versa. For this purpose, the two diode laser units have to emit in two different wavelength ranges. Alternatively, the two input laser radiations can also be coupled by polarization. In this case, the coupling optics are configured as a polarizing beam splitter, which is reflective for the polarization direction of the first input laser radiation and transmissive for the polarization direction of the second input laser radiation, and vice versa.
The invention also relates in a further aspect to a method for producing a first output laser beam having a lower power and a higher brightness or a second output laser beam having a higher power and a lower brightness for laser material processing, having the following steps:
the dense wavelength coupling through the plurality of diode laser beams produces a first input laser radiation with a higher brightness,
a second input laser radiation with a lower brightness is generated by a geometric superposition of the plurality of diode laser beams, and,
coupling a first input laser radiation into a first fiber core and a second input laser radiation into a second fiber core of an optical fiber designed as a twin-or multicore fiber, or coupling a first input laser radiation into a first region and a second input laser radiation into a second region of an optical fiber designed as a gradient index fiber,
a first output laser radiation is generated by coupling out of the fiber end of the optical fiber by the coupled-in first input laser radiation, and
a second output laser radiation is generated by the common coupling-out of the fiber ends of the optical fiber by the coupled-in first and second input laser radiation.
Preferably, a thin workpiece having a sheet thickness of less than 5mm is cut by the first output laser radiation and a thick workpiece, in particular a structural steel sheet, having a sheet thickness of more than 5mm is cut by the second output laser radiation.
In a preferred method variant, the first and second output laser radiation are focused into a focal plane, wherein in the focal plane the focal spot diameter of the first output radiation lies between 30 μm and 500 μm and the focal spot diameter of the second output radiation lies between 700 μm and 900 μm. In an alternative method variant, the first and second output laser radiation are focused such that the positions of their focal points lie in two different focal planes in the beam propagation direction.
Drawings
Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the description, the claims and the figures. The features mentioned above and those yet to be further developed can likewise be used individually or in any desired combination of a plurality of them. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as a final enumeration but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus for generating different laser radiations for laser material processing according to the present invention;
fig. 2a, 2b show the input-side end faces of a dual-core fiber (fig. 2a) and a gradient-index fiber (fig. 2 b).
Detailed Description
The device 1 shown in fig. 1 is used to generate different laser beams for laser material processing, for example, for processing sheet materials of different sheet material thicknesses.
The device 1 comprises a first diode laser unit 2 for generating a first input laser radiation 3 with a higher brightness, a second diode laser unit 4 for generating a second input laser radiation 5 with a lower brightness, an optical fiber in the form of a two-core fiber 6 (fig. 2a) having an inner fiber core 7 and an outer fiber core 8 annularly surrounding the inner fiber core 7, and one first lens 9 each for coupling the first input laser radiation 3 into the inner fiber core 7 and the second input laser radiation 5 into the outer fiber core 8 at a fiber end 6a of the two-core fiber 6. The coupling of the input laser radiation 3, 5 into the two-core fiber 6 can also take place in another way, for example by means of a further optical fiber into which the input laser radiation 3 or 5 of the diode laser unit 2 or 4, respectively, is coupled and which is spliced onto the inner and outer fiber cores 7, 8 of the two-core fiber 6 and is therefore considered as an optical element for coupling-in. The coupling-in of the second input laser radiation can also take place at a location different from the fiber end 6a of the double-core fiber.
As is shown in fig. 2a, in the example shown here, the first input laser radiation 3 is coupled into only the inner fiber core 7 and the second input laser radiation 5 is coupled into only the outer fiber core 8 at the fiber end 6a on the input side. The two lenses 9 can be configured for coupling the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5 into the dual-core fiber 6 at different coupling-in angles and/or with different divergences.
The two diode laser units 2, 4 may each comprise a plurality of diode laser modules which in turn have one or more signal emitters or one or more diode bars (Diodenbarren) with a plurality of emitters. The individual emitters form a laser source, where the signal emitters or diode bars are arranged in a one-dimensional and/or two-dimensional array. The array consists of vertical or horizontal stacks of signal emitters or diode bars. The first diode laser unit 2 generates the first input laser radiation 3 with a higher brightness by dense wavelength coupling of the plurality of diode laser beams 10 of the first diode laser unit 2, and the second diode laser unit 4 generates the second input laser radiation 5 with a lower brightness by geometric superposition of the plurality of diode laser beams 11 of the second diode laser unit 4. The first input laser radiation 3 may, for example, have a beam parameter product of at most 4mm mrad and the second input laser radiation 5 has a beam parameter product of at least 16mm mrad. Preferably, the wavelength range of the second input laser radiation 5 lies outside the wavelength range of the first input laser radiation 3, i.e. for example the first input laser radiation 3 lies in the wavelength range of 900nm to 950nm and the second input laser radiation 5 lies in the wavelength range of 960nm to 965 nm.
In the beam path of the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5, a coupling optics 12 is arranged between the first and second diode laser units 2, 4 on the one hand and the twin-core fiber 6 on the other hand, which coupling optics superimposes the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5 on one another. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the coupling optics 12 are designed as wavelength-selective mirrors, which are designed to be reflective for the first input laser radiation 3 and to be transparent for the second input laser radiation 5. Alternatively, the coupling optics 12 can also be designed as a polarizing beam splitter, which is reflective for the polarization direction of the first input laser radiation 3 and transmissive for the polarization direction of the second input laser radiation 5.
At the further fiber end 6b, either the first input laser radiation 3 coupled in is coupled out as first output laser radiation 13 or the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5 are coupled out together as second output laser radiation 14, so that the first output laser radiation 13 has a higher beam quality and a lower power and the second output laser radiation 14 has a lower beam quality and a higher power.
In the beam path of the first and second output laser radiation 13, 14, a focusing device 15 (e.g. a focusing lens) is arranged, which focuses the first and second output laser radiation 13, 14 into a focal plane 16. The focal spot diameter of the first output radiation 13 in the focal plane may be located between 30 μm and 500 μm, for example, and the focal spot diameter of the second output radiation in the focal plane may be located between 700 μm and 900 μm, for example. In the focal plane 16, the sheet material to be processed is arranged, wherein thin sheet material having a sheet material thickness of less than 5mm can be cut by the first output radiation 13 and thick sheet material, in particular structural steel sheet, having a sheet material thickness of more than 5mm can be cut by the second output laser radiation 14. Instead of being focused into the same focal plane, the first and second output laser radiation 13, 14 may also be focused such that the positions of their focal points lie in different focal planes in the beam propagation direction.
As shown in fig. 2b, a gradient-index fiber 16 may alternatively be used as an optical fiber, the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5 being coupled into different regions of the fiber end 6a on the entry side of the gradient-index fiber 16.
In fig. 1, each of the two diode laser units 2, 4 radiating at 90 ° to each other is followed by its own lens 9, and in contrast to fig. 1, the two diode laser units 2, 4 can also be arranged such that they radiate in the same direction. In this case, a common lens may be used for the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5. The common lens can be designed to couple the first and second input laser radiation 3, 5 into the optical fibers 6, 16 at different coupling angles and/or with different divergences.

Claims (14)

1. An apparatus (1) for laser material processing, the apparatus having:
a first diode laser unit (2) for generating a first input laser radiation (3) having a higher brightness, in particular by dense wavelength coupling of a plurality of diode laser beams (10) of the first diode laser unit (2),
a second diode laser unit (4) for generating a second input laser radiation (5) having a lower brightness, in particular by a geometric superposition of a plurality of diode laser beams (11) of the second diode laser unit (4),
an optical fiber in the form of a dual-or multicore fiber (6) having at least one first and second fiber core (7, 8) or in the form of a gradient index fiber (16), and
at least one optical element (9) for coupling the first input laser radiation (3) into the first fiber core (7) of the dual-or multi-core fiber (6) and the second input laser radiation (5) into the second fiber core (8), or the at least one optical element is used for coupling the first input laser radiation (3) into a first region of the gradient index fiber (16) and the second input laser radiation (5) into a second region, such that the first input laser radiation (3) is coupled out as first output laser radiation (13) and the first and second input laser radiation (3, 5) are coupled out as second output laser radiation (14) from a fiber end (6b) of the optical fiber (6).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first fiber core (7) is configured as an inner fiber core and the second fiber core (8) is configured as an outer fiber core, which annularly surrounds the inner fiber core.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one optical element (9) is configured for coupling the first and second input laser radiation (3, 5) into the optical fiber (6) at different coupling-in angles and/or with different divergences.
4. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first input laser radiation (3) has a beam parameter product of at most 4mm x mrad and the second input laser radiation (5) has a beam parameter product of at least 16mm mrad.
5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the optical path of the first and second output laser radiation (13, 14) a focusing means (15) is arranged which focuses the first and second output laser radiation (13, 14) into a focal plane (16), wherein in the focal plane (16) the focal spot diameter (D1) of the first output radiation (13) lies between 30 μ ι η and 500 μ ι η and the focal spot diameter (D2) of the second output radiation (14) lies between 700 μ ι η and 900 μ ι η.
6. The device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wavelength range of the second input laser radiation (5) lies outside the wavelength range of the first input laser radiation (3).
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first input laser radiation (3) is located in a wavelength range of 900nm to 950nm and the second input laser radiation (5) is located in a wavelength range of 960nm to 965 nm.
8. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the beam path of the first and second input laser radiation (3, 5), there is arranged between the first and second diode laser units (2, 4) on the one hand and the optical fiber (6) on the other hand a coupling optics (12) that superimposes the first and second input laser radiation (3, 5).
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the coupling optics (12) are configured as a wavelength-selective mirror, which is configured to be transmissive for the first input laser radiation (3) and reflective for the second input laser radiation (5), or vice versa.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the coupling optics (12) are configured as a polarizing beam splitter which is reflective for the polarization direction of the first input laser radiation (3) and transmissive for the polarization direction of the second input laser radiation (5), or vice versa.
11. A method for laser material processing for generating a first output laser radiation (13) with a lower power and a higher brightness or a second output laser radiation (14) with a higher power and a lower brightness, with the following steps:
a first input laser radiation (3) with a higher brightness is generated by dense wavelength coupling of a plurality of diode laser beams (10),
a second input laser radiation (5) with a lower brightness is generated by a geometric superposition of a plurality of diode laser beams (11),
coupling the first input laser radiation (3) into a first fiber core (7) of an optical fiber (6) configured as a dual-core or multi-core fiber and the second input laser radiation (5) into a second fiber core (8), or coupling the first input laser radiation (3) into a first region of an optical fiber (16) configured as a gradient index fiber and coupling the second input laser radiation (5) into a second region,
the first output laser radiation (13) is generated by coupling-out of the fiber end (6b) of the optical fiber (6; 16) by means of the coupled-in first input laser radiation (3), and
the second output laser radiation (14) is generated by the common coupling-out of the fiber ends (6b) of the optical fibers (6; 16) by the coupled-in first and second input laser radiation (3, 5).
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that a thin workpiece having a thickness of less than 5mm is cut by the first output laser radiation (13) and a thick workpiece, in particular consisting of structural steel, having a thickness of more than 5mm is cut by the second output laser radiation (14).
13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first and second output laser radiation (13, 14) are focused into a focal plane, wherein in the focal plane the focal spot diameter (D1) of the first output radiation (13) lies between 30 μ ι η and 500 μ ι η and the focal spot diameter (D2) of the second output radiation (14) lies between 700 μ ι η and 900 μ ι η.
14. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the first and second output laser radiation (13, 14) are focused such that the positions of their focal points lie in two different focal planes along the beam propagation direction.
CN201980022968.5A 2018-03-29 2019-03-25 Device and method for generating laser radiation with different powers and brightnesses Pending CN111936263A (en)

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DE102018204814.2 2018-03-29
DE102018204814.2A DE102018204814A1 (en) 2018-03-29 2018-03-29 Device and method for generating laser radiation with different power and brilliance
PCT/EP2019/057406 WO2019185527A2 (en) 2018-03-29 2019-03-25 Device and method for generating types of laser radiation of different power and brilliance

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