CN111778915B - Pressure regulating chamber structure for inhibiting highest surge water level and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Pressure regulating chamber structure for inhibiting highest surge water level and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111778915B CN111778915B CN202010617153.6A CN202010617153A CN111778915B CN 111778915 B CN111778915 B CN 111778915B CN 202010617153 A CN202010617153 A CN 202010617153A CN 111778915 B CN111778915 B CN 111778915B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surge chamber structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level, which comprises a tunnel, a surge chamber small well, a surge chamber large well and a ventilation hole which are sequentially communicated, and further comprises: the annular bracket is annularly arranged on the inner wall of the top of the pressure regulating chamber large well and used for increasing the stability of the pressure regulating chamber large well; the partition wall is arranged close to the upper part of the annular bracket, the top of the partition wall is spaced from the upper part of the inside of the ventilation hole, and the bottom of the partition wall is provided with one or more communication holes; the barricade is close to the exit end setting of venthole, with form the big room in upper portion that communicates with surge-chamber big well, venthole respectively between the partition wall, and its top with the inside top of venthole has the interval. The invention aims to provide a surge chamber structure which is simple in structure, convenient to construct, low in investment and capable of effectively inhibiting the highest surge water level of a surge chamber of a capacity-expanded power station and a construction method thereof, and the surge chamber structure is used for guiding the reconstruction and the reconstruction of the surge chamber of the expanded power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a surge chamber structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level and a construction method thereof, which are suitable for reconstruction and expanded hydropower station surge chamber reconstruction engineering.
Background
The pressure regulating chamber is a well-type building with a certain water volume, is generally used in a pressure diversion type hydropower station, is positioned between a diversion tunnel and a pressure pipeline or a tail water pipeline and a tail water tunnel, and has the main functions of reflecting and reducing the amplitude of water hammer pressure fluctuation, thereby improving the running safety of the hydropower station, improving the adjusting quality of unit rotating speed adjustment, improving the quality of power supply to a power grid and being beneficial to the integral frequency stability of the power grid. The basic types of the pressure regulating chambers include simple type, impedance type, differential type, water chamber type, overflow type and air cushion type, and the selection of the types of the pressure regulating chambers is generally determined by comparing and analyzing advantages and disadvantages, applicability and economy of various types of pressure regulating chambers according to the working characteristics of hydropower stations and combining topographic conditions and geological conditions.
In recent years, with the development of economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the power demand of China is continuously improved, some water power stations are long in construction period, and the manufacturing level and the design level have certain problems, so that capacity expansion transformation is necessary, namely, the water turbine set is updated, the quoted flow of the power station is increased, and finally the generated energy is increased. One of the important difficulties when increasing the capacity of a hydropower station is the transformation problem of a surge chamber: for the hydropower station reconstructed and expanded, the original surge chamber is designed according to the original overflow, and the flow is increased after the capacity expansion of the booster, so that the highest surge water level of the surge chamber in the hydraulic transition process can be greatly increased, and the control requirement cannot be met. At present, a pressure regulating chamber with a large base volume is generally built in engineering, the newly built pressure regulating chamber meets the flow of a power station after capacity expansion, and the method is very limited by topographic and geological conditions. The other mode is to carry out secondary expanding excavation on the existing pressure regulating chamber, increase the section size of the pressure regulating chamber and enable the highest surge wave of the pressure regulating chamber not to exceed the structural control elevation.
In order to enable the highest surge water level of the pressure regulating chamber reconstructed and expanded to meet the requirements, the pressure regulating chamber needs to be newly built or expanded, but the newly built pressure regulating chamber is greatly limited by topographic and geological conditions, the cross section engineering quantity of the expanded pressure regulating chamber is large, the downtime is long, and the power generation benefit is influenced.
Based on the situation, the invention provides a surge chamber structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level and a construction method thereof, and the problems can be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a surge chamber structure which has a simple structure, is convenient to construct and low in investment and can effectively inhibit the highest surge water level of a surge chamber of a capacity expansion power station and a construction method thereof, and the surge chamber structure is used for guiding the reconstruction and the reconstruction of the surge chamber of the expanded hydropower station.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a restrain surge-chamber structure of highest surge water level, includes tunnel, surge-chamber little well, surge-chamber big well and the ventilation hole that communicates in proper order, still includes:
the annular bracket is annularly arranged on the inner wall of the top of the pressure regulating chamber large well and used for increasing the stability of the pressure regulating chamber large well;
the partition wall is arranged close to the upper part of the annular bracket, the top of the partition wall is spaced from the upper part of the inside of the ventilation hole, and the bottom of the partition wall is provided with one or more communication holes;
the barricade is close to the exit end setting of venthole, with form the big room in upper portion that communicates with surge-chamber big well, venthole respectively between the partition wall, and its top with the inside top of venthole has the interval.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication holes are arranged in a plurality and in a symmetrical arrangement to guide the water flow to flow into or out of the upper large chamber uniformly.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, an overflow weir is provided at the top of the partition wall to overflow the water flow.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the ventilation hole is higher than the bottom of the upper large chamber, and a slope is formed between the retaining wall and the bottom of the upper large chamber.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the length L of the downward digging range of the upper large chamber is dug to the bottom elevation Z2And the formula is satisfied:
(Znew-Z2)×B×L＝(Zmax-Znew)×D1 2×3.14/4
wherein: b is the width of the vent hole; d1The diameter of a large well of the surge chamber; zmaxBefore reforming the pressure regulating chamber, according to the diameter D of the large well of the pressure regulating chamber1Obtaining the highest water level of a surge chamber through theoretical calculation; znewThe highest water level requirement of the pressure regulating chamber is met after the pressure regulating chamber is reformed.
As a more preferable technical scheme of the invention, the ceiling height of the partition wall is less than ZnewThe ceiling elevation of the retaining wall is greater than Znew。
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the diameter D2 of the annular bracket is consistent with the diameter of a small well of the pressure regulating chamber.
The invention provides a construction method of a surge chamber structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level, which comprises the following construction steps:
step 001, firstly, excavating an area of the vent hole close to a large well of the surge chamber;
002, chiseling the concrete of the annular bracket area corresponding to the top of the large well of the surge chamber;
step 003, drilling holes in the residual concrete, implanting reinforcing steel bars, grouting, and pouring the concrete to form an annular bracket;
step 004, pouring a concrete partition wall at the top of the large well of the pressure regulating chamber, and reserving a communication hole;
005, pouring concrete in the area dug under the ventilation hole to form a large upper chamber;
and 006, pouring concrete in the ventilation holes to form the retaining wall.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the constructing step 002, the top concrete of the large well of the pressure regulating chamber is chiseled off and then forms a step shape slightly inclined to the outer side of the circumference, which is beneficial to the structural stability of the annular bracket.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the construction step 006, steps are provided on the surface of the retaining wall, so that the maintainers can walk conveniently.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention effectively solves the problem that the highest surge water level of the surge chamber exceeds the control requirement after the capacity expansion of the hydropower station is carried out, and provides the surge chamber structure which has simple structure, convenient construction and less investment and can effectively inhibit the highest surge water level of the capacity expansion power station and accelerate the water level fluctuation attenuation of the surge chamber.
2. The annular bracket is positioned above the pressure regulating large well, so that the effect of increasing the structural strength of the top of the pressure regulating chamber is achieved, and a certain impedance effect is achieved when the water level of the pressure regulating chamber rises, and the water level fluctuation amplitude is reduced.
3. The water flow regulating device comprises a pressure regulating chamber, a water flow guiding chamber, a partition wall, a water cushion layer, a water flow guiding chamber and a water flow guiding chamber.
4. In the process of rising and falling of the water level of the pressure regulating chamber, the partition wall and the communicating hole form a differential effect, so that the effects of energy dissipation, impact prevention and water flow smoothing are achieved, the highest surge water level of the pressure regulating chamber is effectively reduced, and the water level fluctuation attenuation speed of the pressure regulating chamber is accelerated.
5. The retaining wall is positioned in the ventilation hole, so that water flow in the pressure regulating chamber can be effectively prevented from flowing out of the ventilation hole; the upper large chamber is a space formed between the partition wall and the retaining wall and can be used for storing upwelling water bodies in the hydraulic transition process.
6. The invention also provides a construction method of the pressure regulating chamber structure, which has the advantages of simple process, less mutual interference, convenience for construction and mechanized construction of organization personnel, high construction efficiency and capability of reducing the labor intensity of construction personnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure regulating chamber before transformation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pressure regulating chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the partition wall and the communication holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative dimensions of a surge chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional dimension of the upper large chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the tunnel water flow into the surge chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a tunnel water flow out of a surge chamber of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a water level change process line before and after the pressure regulating chamber is reformed.
Labeled as: 1-pressure regulating chamber big well, 2-annular bracket, 3-partition wall, 4-communicating hole, 5-retaining wall, 6-ventilation hole, 7-upper big chamber, 8-pressure regulating chamber small well and 9-tunnel.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a pressure regulating chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level comprises an annular bracket 2 arranged at the upper part of a large well 1 of the pressure regulating chamber to form a certain impedance effect, a partition wall 3 arranged on a platform at the top of the pressure regulating chamber, a communication hole 4 arranged at the bottom of the partition wall 3, and a retaining wall 5 arranged in a ventilation hole 6; the retaining wall 5 takes the separated vent hole 6 as an upper large chamber 7 of the pressure adjusting chamber.
Specifically, in the upwelling process of the water level of the surge chamber, the water level firstly meets the annular bracket 2, and because the diameter of the annular bracket 2 is smaller than that of the large well 1, the water body is obstructed, and the energy of the water body is consumed; then the water body continuously upwells, after the water body upwells to the partition wall 3, part of the water body smoothly enters the upper large chamber 7 through the communication hole 4 at the bottom of the partition wall to form a water cushion layer, the rest of the water body continuously hears, after the height of the water body exceeds the top elevation of the partition wall 3, the water body flows into the upper large chamber 7 through the partition wall 3 in a manner of trajectory, the water cushion layer is impacted, the water body energy is further consumed, and the highest surge water level is reduced because the area of the upper large chamber 7 is larger and the water body is subjected to multiple energy dissipation; the height of the retaining wall 5 is higher than the highest surge water level, and water in the upper large chamber 7 is prevented from flowing into the ventilation hole 6.
Specifically, in the descending process of the water level of the surge chamber, part of water flows out of the upper large chamber 7 through the top of the partition wall 3, and the rest of water flows out of the upper large chamber 7 through the communicating holes 4 in the bottom of the partition wall 3 to impact the water in the large well 1 of the surge chamber, so that the energy of the water is consumed, and the damping speed of the water fluctuation of the surge chamber is accelerated.
The main dimensions of the surge chamber of the invention are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and are known as follows: the diameter of a large well 1 of the surge chamber is D1The width of the vent 6 is B, and the height of the vent 6 is H1The height of the bottom of the ventilation hole 6 is Z1(ii) a Before reforming the surge chamber, according to the diameter D of the large well1The highest water level of the surge chamber obtained by theoretical calculation is Zmax。
The key control size when the surge chamber is reformed is as follows: the diameter of the inner side of the annular bracket 2 is D2(ii) a The length of the lower digging range of the upper large chamber 7 is L, and the lower digging is carried out to the elevation Z2(ii) a The 3-top elevation of the partition wall is Z3The area of the partition wall 3 and the communication hole 4 is A; the 5-top elevation of the retaining wall is Z4。
The highest water level of the pressure regulating chamber after the pressure regulating chamber is transformed to be ZnewDue to Z2＜Znew＜Z1+H1And the water surface needs to maintain a safe height of 2m with the top of the vent hole, so Z2＜Znew＜Z1+H1-2, in this range ZnewCan be selected at will.
Inside diameter D of annular bracket 22：D2Is the same as the diameter of the small well 8 of the pressure regulating chamber. Partition wall 3 top elevation Z3：Z3＜Znew(ii) a 5-top elevation Z of retaining wall4：Z4＞Znew。
For L and Z2According to the principle that the water quantity is basically the same, L and Z2The following formula is satisfied:
(Znew-Z2)×B×L＝(Zmax-Znew)×D1×D1×3.14/4。
as shown in fig. 6, when the water level of the pressure regulating chamber rises, the water flow is firstly subjected to the impedance effect of the annular bracket, the water energy is attenuated completely, then a part of the water flow flows into the upper large chamber through the communication hole, a water cushion layer is formed in the upper large chamber, the other part of the water flow is higher than the partition wall and enters the upper large chamber to impact the water cushion layer, the water energy is consumed, and the highest surge water level of the pressure regulating chamber is reduced. The retaining wall in the ventilation hole prevents water flow in the pressure regulating chamber from flowing out of the ventilation hole.
As shown in fig. 7, when the water level of the pressure regulating chamber drops, water flows back to the pressure regulating chamber through the communicating hole at the bottom of the partition wall, the partition wall plays a role in energy dissipation and impact prevention, the water flow impacts the water surface in the pressure regulating chamber, water energy is consumed, and the damping of the water level fluctuation of the pressure regulating chamber is accelerated.
Correspondingly, the invention provides a construction method of a pressure regulating structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level, which comprises the following construction steps:
step 001, firstly, digging down an area of the vent hole close to the surge chamber;
002, chiseling the concrete in the annular bracket area at the top of the large well of the surge chamber, wherein a step shape slightly inclined towards the outer side of the circumference is formed after chiseling, so that the structural stability of the annular bracket is facilitated;
step 003, drilling holes on the residual concrete step surfaces, cleaning floating slag on the surfaces, implanting reinforcing steel bars and grouting, pouring concrete to form annular brackets, and firmly welding the implanted reinforcing steel bars and reinforcing steel bars of the brackets;
step 004, a concrete partition wall is poured at the top of the surge chamber, a communication hole is reserved at the bottom of the partition wall, and reinforcing bars are required to be reinforced at a communication hole opening;
and 005, pouring concrete in the area dug under the ventilation tunnel, wherein the concrete structure is in an urban cave shape, namely a large chamber at the upper part of the surge chamber is formed.
And 006, pouring the retaining wall, wherein the surface of the retaining wall is provided with steps, so that the maintenance personnel can walk conveniently.
The upstream water delivery power generation system of a certain water diversion type power station adopts a 'one-hole one-chamber two-machine' arrangement mode, after a large-flow unit is replaced in the hydropower station, the original pressure regulating structure is modified by adopting the method, the action effect of the method is described by comparing the water level change process lines of the pressure regulating chamber before and after the pressure regulating chamber is modified when the unit simultaneously gets rid of load working conditions, and the specific calculation result is shown in figure 8.
It can be seen that, for the simultaneous load shedding working condition of the unit, the highest surge water level is 2527m before the pressure regulating chamber is transformed, and after the pressure regulating chamber is transformed, the highest surge water level reaches 2517m, which is 10m lower than that before. In addition, the water level fluctuation attenuation after the pressure regulating chamber is reformed is obviously faster than that before the reforming.
The above results show that: the surge chamber structure provided by the invention can obviously reduce the highest surge water level and accelerate the attenuation speed of the surge water level fluctuation of the surge chamber.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when tunnel water flow flows into the pressure regulating chamber, the water level of the pressure regulating chamber rises, partial energy of water is reduced due to the impedance effect of the annular bracket, then, part of water flow flows into the upper large chamber through the communicating holes to form a water cushion layer, the rest of water body is continuously choked up, and after exceeding the partition wall, the water flow is selected to enter the upper large chamber through the partition wall to impact the water cushion layer, so that the water body energy is consumed, the highest surge water level of the pressure regulating chamber is reduced, and the water flow in the pressure regulating chamber is prevented from flowing out of the ventilation hole by the partition wall; when tunnel rivers flow out the surge-chamber, the surge-chamber water level descends, and partial water flows out the big room in upper portion through the partition wall top, and other water flows out the big room in upper portion through the bottom intercommunicating pore of partition wall, strikes the water in the big well, and water energy obtains consuming for the undulant decay rate of surge-chamber water. In the process of rising and falling of the water level of the pressure regulating chamber, the partition wall and the communicating holes form a differential effect, so that the effects of energy dissipation, impact prevention and smooth water flow are achieved, the highest surge water level of the pressure regulating chamber is effectively reduced, and the water level fluctuation attenuation speed of the pressure regulating chamber is accelerated.
According to the description and the drawings of the invention, the pressure regulating chamber structure for inhibiting the highest surge water level can be easily manufactured or used by a person skilled in the art, and the positive effects recorded by the invention can be produced.
Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms of "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, the terms describing orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, specific meanings of the above terms can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the specific circumstances in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and encompass, for example, being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a restrain surge-chamber structure of highest surge water level, includes tunnel, surge-chamber little well, surge-chamber big well and the hole of ventilating that communicates in proper order, its characterized in that still includes:
the annular bracket is annularly arranged on the inner wall of the top of the pressure regulating chamber large well and used for increasing the stability of the pressure regulating chamber large well;
the partition wall is arranged close to the upper part of the annular bracket, the top of the partition wall is spaced from the upper part of the inside of the ventilation hole, and the bottom of the partition wall is provided with one or more communication holes;
the retaining wall is arranged close to the outlet end of the ventilation hole, an upper large chamber which is respectively communicated with the pressure regulating chamber large well and the ventilation hole is formed between the retaining wall and the retaining wall, and the top of the retaining wall is spaced from the upper part of the inside of the ventilation hole;
the length L of the lower digging range of the upper large chamber is dug to the bottom elevation Z2And the formula is satisfied:
(Znew-Z2)×B×L＝(Zmax-Znew)×D1 2×3.14/4
wherein: b is the width of the vent hole; d1The diameter of a large well of the surge chamber; zmaxBefore reforming the pressure regulating chamber, according to the diameter D of the large well of the pressure regulating chamber1Obtaining the highest water level of a surge chamber through theoretical calculation; znewThe highest water level requirement of the pressure regulating chamber is met after the pressure regulating chamber is reformed.
2. The surge chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level according to claim 1, wherein said communication holes are arranged in plurality and in a symmetrical arrangement to guide the water flow to flow into or out of the upper large chamber uniformly.
3. The surge chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level of claim 1, wherein an overflow weir is provided at the top of the partition wall to overflow the water flow.
4. The surge chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level in claim 1, wherein the bottom of said ventilation cavity is higher than the bottom of the upper large chamber, and a slope is formed between said retaining wall and the bottom of said upper large chamber.
5. The surge chamber structure for suppressing maximum surge water levels of claim 1, wherein the partition ceiling elevation is less than ZnewThe ceiling elevation of the retaining wall is greater than Znew。
6. The surge chamber structure for suppressing maximum surge water levels of claim 1, wherein the diameter D of the annular bracket2The size of the pressure regulating chamber is consistent with the diameter of the small well of the pressure regulating chamber.
7. The construction method of the surge chamber structure for restraining the highest surge water level according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
step 001, firstly, excavating an area of the vent hole close to a large well of the surge chamber;
002, chiseling the concrete of the annular bracket area corresponding to the top of the large well of the surge chamber;
step 003, drilling holes in the residual concrete, implanting reinforcing steel bars, grouting, and pouring the concrete to form an annular bracket;
step 004, pouring a concrete partition wall at the top of the large well of the pressure regulating chamber, and reserving a communication hole;
005, pouring concrete in the area dug under the ventilation hole to form a large upper chamber;
and 006, pouring concrete in the ventilation holes to form the retaining wall.
8. The method for constructing the surge chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level according to claim 7, wherein in the construction step 002, after the top concrete of the large well of the surge chamber is chiseled, a step shape slightly inclined towards the outer side of the circumference is formed, so that the structural stability of the annular bracket is facilitated.
9. The method for constructing a surge chamber structure for suppressing the highest surge water level according to claim 7, wherein in the step 006, steps are provided on the surface of the retaining wall to facilitate the walking of the maintainers.
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| JPH01194183A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1989-08-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Hard disk device |
| CN201250399Y (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2009-06-03 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Dual differential effect surge chamber |
| CN103806419B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-04-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of rectification type pool fish pass and fluidised form control method |
| CN204456023U (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The surge-chamber impedance pore structure that size is adjustable |
| CN205917676U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-02-01 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Groundwater cell -type surge -chamber keeps off and protects structure |
| CN106528994B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-09-29 | 武汉大学 | A kind of pressure regulation chamber venting hole wind speed simulation method coupled based on gas-liquid interface |
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