CN220888566U

CN220888566U - Structure of reservoir spillway

Info

Publication number: CN220888566U
Application number: CN202322379779.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨继昆; 周红梅
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-09-01
Filing date: 2023-09-01
Publication date: 2024-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-01

Abstract

The utility model discloses a structure of a reservoir spillway, which comprises a spillway dam body, wherein a drainage groove is formed on the spillway dam body, and a plurality of step bodies are sequentially arranged on the bottom surface of the drainage groove along the drainage direction; the step body comprises a bottom plate, a top plate and a ventilation groove; the bottom plate is detachably fixed on the bottom surface of the drainage groove; one end of the top plate is connected with the top end of the bottom plate, the other end of the top plate is a free end, an acute angle is formed between the top plate and the bottom plate, and meanwhile, the top plates of the steps are arranged layer by layer in a step mode; the ventilation groove is positioned between the top plate and the bottom plate and is fixed on the upper surface of the lower half section of the bottom plate, one side of the ventilation groove, which is far away from the top end of the bottom plate, is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and the exhaust holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the ventilation groove; the inside of the spillway dam body is also pre-buried with a pipe body which is communicated with the inner cavity of each ventilation groove on one hand and extends to the outer surface of the spillway dam body on the other hand. In the utility model, the step body can be detached and replaced after being worn, and the exhaust hole can be used for aerating the bottom of the water flow so as to reduce cavitation erosion.

Description

Structure of reservoir spillway

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a structure of a reservoir spillway.

Background

The spillway is flood control equipment of water conservancy buildings such as reservoirs, and is mostly built on one side of a dam, like a big groove, when the water level in the reservoirs exceeds the safety limit, water flows out from the spillway to the downstream, and the dam is prevented from being destroyed.

When water flows downwards from high to low through the spillway, if the energy dissipation is insufficient, strong kinetic energy of the water flows can occur, cavitation erosion damage can occur even, and the spillway is damaged. In order to reduce the damage to the spillway, the flow surface at the bottom of the spillway is generally designed into a step shape, on one hand, the roughness of the flow surface is increased, so that the energy is lost in the water flow discharging process, on the other hand, the step structure can perform a certain degree of aeration on the water flow at the bottom, and the cavitation of the spillway can be reduced after the aeration, so that the safe operation of the spillway is ensured.

However, after the steps at the bottom of the spillway are washed by water flow for a long time, the edges and corners become gradually gentle, so that the energy dissipation effect and the aeration effect on water are greatly reduced.

Disclosure of utility model

In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a structure of a reservoir spillway, wherein a step at the bottom of the reservoir spillway is detachable and replaceable, and when the step is worn by water flow, the step can be detached and replaced with a new step.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the structure of the reservoir spillway comprises a spillway dam body, wherein a drainage groove is formed in the spillway dam body, and a plurality of steps are sequentially distributed on the bottom surface of the drainage groove along the drainage direction;

The step body comprises a bottom plate, a top plate and a ventilation groove; the bottom plate is detachably fixed on the bottom surface of the drainage groove; the top plate is provided with two opposite ends, namely a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is connected with the top end of the bottom plate, the second end is positioned above the bottom plate, an acute angle is formed between the top plate and the bottom plate, and meanwhile, the top plates of the steps are arranged layer by layer in a step mode; the ventilation groove is positioned between the top plate and the bottom plate, the ventilation groove is fixed on the upper surface of the lower half section of the bottom plate, a plurality of exhaust holes are formed in the side wall of one side, far away from the top end of the bottom plate, of the ventilation groove, and the exhaust holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the ventilation groove;

The inner part of the spillway dam body is embedded with a pipe body, the pipe body is communicated with the inner cavity of each ventilation groove on one hand, and extends to the outer surface of the spillway dam body and is communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body on the other hand.

Further, the first end of the top plate is hinged with the top end of the bottom plate, and the second end of the bottom plate is a free end;

A spring is fixed on the upper surface of the ventilation groove, and the top of the spring is propped against the lower surface of the top plate;

When in a free state, under the action of the spring, the top plate gradually inclines upwards from the first end to the second end, and the included angle between the inclined angle and the horizontal plane is between 3 degrees and 10 degrees.

Further, the top plate is a steel plate.

Further, the bottom plate is integrally connected with the ventilation groove and is made of concrete.

Further, the number of the springs is multiple, and the springs are fixed on the upper surface of the ventilation groove at equal intervals along a straight line.

Further, the pipe body comprises a main pipe and a branch pipe;

The number of the branch pipes is twice that of the ventilation grooves, one branch pipe is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each ventilation groove, and the two branch pipes are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the ventilation groove through an opening arranged on the side wall of the ventilation groove;

The number of the main pipes is two, the two main pipes are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each step body, the main pipes are communicated with each branch pipe at the same side on one hand, and extend to the outer surface of the spillway dam body and are communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body on the other hand.

Further, an insect-proof net is arranged at the outer surface of the main pipe extending to the spillway dam body.

Further, the bottom plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the drain tank by a plurality of screws.

Further, the plurality of exhaust holes are arranged on the side wall of the ventilation groove at equal intervals along a straight line.

Further, the aperture of the exhaust hole is between 2cm and 8cm, and the interval between every two adjacent exhaust holes is between 5cm and 50 cm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

(1) The top plates of the steps are arranged layer by layer in a step mode to form a structure similar to an aeration ridge, so that cavitation erosion can be slowed down when water flows down, and the turbulent fluctuation intensity of water flow and the conversion and dissipation of energy can be increased, thereby achieving the effect of water flow energy loss and reducing the scouring of water flow to downstream river channels;

(2) When the water flow impacts the top plate of the step body, the top plate can reciprocally rotate up and down, wherein when the top plate rotates upwards, a blocking force opposite to the flowing direction can be applied to the water flow, and the blocking force can increase the energy loss of the water flow;

(3) The step body can be detached, so that after the step body is worn by water flow for a long time, the old step body can be detached and then replaced by a new step body;

(4) Because the inner cavity of the ventilation groove is communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body through the pipe body pre-buried in the spillway dam body, the outside air can enter the inner cavity of the ventilation groove through the pipeline, and because the side wall of the ventilation groove is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the air in the inner cavity of the ventilation groove can be discharged through the exhaust holes, and the arrangement position of the exhaust holes is just positioned at the bottom of the downward water flow, so that the exhaust holes can be aerated to the bottom of the water flow during the water flow leakage, and cavitation can be further relieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the plane of symmetry of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;

FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 at C;

FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view at D in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the step body in an embodiment of the present utility model, wherein the right side of the vent slot 23 is partially cut away to show its internal structure;

fig. 9 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between each step and the pipe body in the embodiment of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present utility model are not limited thereto.

Examples:

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a structure of a spillway of a reservoir, including a spillway dam 1. The spillway dam body 1 is formed with a water drainage groove 11, and the water drainage groove 11 is an inclined slope and is used for draining water exceeding a safe limit in a reservoir. The bottom surface of the drainage groove 11 is sequentially provided with a plurality of step bodies 2 along the drainage direction.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the step body 2 includes a bottom plate 21, a top plate 22, a ventilation groove 23, and a spring 24.

The bottom plate 21 is fixed to the bottom surface of the drain tank 11 by a screw 25.

The top plate 22 has opposite two ends, namely a first end 221 and a second end 222, wherein the first end 221 is hinged to the top end of the bottom plate 21, the second end 222 is a free end and is located above the bottom plate 21, an acute angle is formed between the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 21, and meanwhile, the top plates 22 of the steps 2 are arranged layer by layer in a step manner, that is, the top plates 22 of the steps 2 are sequentially arranged along the bottom surface of the drain tank 11 to form a step with a plurality of layers.

The ventilation groove 23 is located between the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 21, the ventilation groove 23 is fixed on the upper surface of the lower half section of the bottom plate 21, and the side wall of one side of the ventilation groove 23 far away from the top end of the bottom plate 21 is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes 231, and the exhaust holes 231 are communicated with an inner cavity 232 of the ventilation groove 23, see the right cut-away part of fig. 8.

The spring 24 is fixed on the upper surface of the ventilation groove 23, and the top of the spring 24 is abutted against the lower surface of the top plate 22. And, in the free state, the top plate 22 is slightly inclined under the action of the spring 24, the second end 222 is higher than the first end 221, and the angle between the inclined angle and the horizontal plane is between 3 ° and 10 °.

The inside of spillway dam body 1 still pre-buried has body 3, body 3 on the one hand with each ventilation groove 23's inner chamber 232 intercommunication, on the other hand still extends to the surface of spillway dam body 1, with the external intercommunication of spillway dam body 1.

More specifically, referring to fig. 5 and 9, the pipe body 3 includes a main pipe 31 and a branch pipe 32. The number of the branched pipes 32 is twice that of the ventilation slots 23, one branched pipe 32 is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each ventilation slot 23, and the two branched pipes 32 are respectively communicated with the inner cavity 232 of the ventilation slot 23 through an opening 233 arranged on the side wall of the ventilation slot 23. The number of the main pipes 31 is two, the two main pipes 31 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each step body 2, the main pipes 31 are communicated with each branch pipe 32 at the same side, and extend to the outer surface of the spillway dam body 1 to be communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body 1.

Further, an insect screen 4 is provided at the outer surface of the main pipe 31 extending to the spillway dam 1, see fig. 7. The insect-proof net 4 can prevent insects and birds from entering the main pipe 31 to cause blockage of the main pipe 31.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the top plate 22 is a steel plate. The bottom plate 21 and the ventilation groove 23 are prefabricated members formed by concrete integral casting.

Wherein, referring to fig. 8, the number of the springs 24 is plural, and each spring 24 is fixed on the upper surface of the ventilation groove 23 at equal intervals along a straight line. The bottom plate 21 is fixed to the bottom surface of the drain tank 11 by a plurality of screws 25, and the screws 25 are arranged at equal intervals along a straight line. Referring to fig. 8, the plurality of vent holes 231 are arranged on the sidewall of the vent groove 23 at equal intervals along a straight line, and the vent holes 231 have a hole diameter of between 2cm and 8cm, and the distance between adjacent vent holes 231 is between 5cm and 50 cm.

During drainage, the drained water flow often has high flow velocity and large kinetic energy, and in order to reduce the flushing of a downstream river channel, energy of the water flow is required to be lost in an energy dissipation mode. In this embodiment, the top plates 22 of the steps 2 are arranged layer by layer in a step manner, so that a structure similar to a aerator is formed, and when water flows down, cavitation erosion can be slowed down, and on the other hand, turbulent flow intensity of water flow and energy conversion and dissipation can be increased, so that the effect of water flow energy loss can be achieved, and scouring of water flow to downstream river channels can be reduced.

In addition, since one end of the top plate 22 is hinged to the bottom plate 21 and the other end is a free end, the bottom of the top plate 22 is provided with a spring 24, and initially, the top plate 22 is slightly inclined. Therefore, when the discharged water flow hits the upper surface of the top plate 22, the top plate 22 will rotate slightly downwards and compress 24, after which the spring 24 gives the top plate 22a reaction force, and then the top plate 22 will rotate slightly upwards again, and then the water flow hits the upper surface of the top plate 22 again to rotate downwards again, so that the top plate 2 will swing up and down reciprocally under the impact of the discharged water flow, wherein each time the top plate 2 swings up, a slope surface with slight upward inclination is formed, so that a blocking force opposite to the flowing direction can be applied to the water flow, and the blocking force can increase the loss of energy to the water flow.

Meanwhile, the step body 2 is fixed with the bottom surface of the drainage tank 11 by screwing the screw rod 25 into the bottom plate 21, so that when the step body 2 is flushed by water flow for a long time and the corner angle is worn and flattened, the screw rod 25 can be unscrewed, the worn step body 2 is replaced, then a new step body 2 is hoisted to the installation position, and the screw rod 25 is screwed for fixation.

The vent groove 23 provided in this embodiment has the following functions: because the inner cavity 232 of the ventilation groove 23 is communicated with the main pipe 31 through the branch pipe 32 pre-buried in the spillway dam body 1, and the main pipe 31 is communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body 1, the outside air can enter the inner cavity 232 of the ventilation groove 23 through the main pipe 31 and the branch pipe 32, and because the side wall of the ventilation groove 23 is provided with the plurality of exhaust holes 231, the air in the inner cavity 232 of the ventilation groove 23 can be discharged through the exhaust holes 231, and the arrangement position of the exhaust holes 231 is just positioned at the bottom of the downward water flow, so that the exhaust holes 231 can be aerated towards the bottom of the water flow during the water flow leakage, thereby further avoiding cavitation.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The structure of the reservoir spillway is characterized by comprising a spillway dam body (1), wherein a drainage groove (11) is formed in the spillway dam body (1), and a plurality of steps (2) are sequentially distributed on the bottom surface of the drainage groove (11) along the drainage direction;

The step body (2) comprises a bottom plate (21), a top plate (22) and a ventilation groove (23); the bottom plate (21) is detachably fixed on the bottom surface of the drain tank (11); the top plate (22) is provided with two opposite ends, namely a first end (221) and a second end (222), wherein the first end (221) is connected with the top end of the bottom plate (21), the second end (222) is positioned above the bottom plate (21), an acute angle is formed between the top plate (22) and the bottom plate (21), and meanwhile, the top plates (22) of the steps (2) are arranged layer by layer in a step mode; the ventilation groove (23) is positioned between the top plate (22) and the bottom plate (21), the ventilation groove (23) is fixed on the upper surface of the lower half section of the bottom plate (21), a plurality of exhaust holes (231) are formed in the side wall of one side, far away from the top end of the bottom plate (21), of the ventilation groove (23), and the exhaust holes (231) are communicated with an inner cavity (232) of the ventilation groove (23);

The inside of spillway dam body (1) has pre-buried body (3), body (3) on the one hand with each inner chamber (232) of ventilation groove (23) communicate, on the other hand still extends to the surface of spillway dam body (1), with the external intercommunication of spillway dam body (1).

2. A structure of a spillway for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that a first end of the top plate (22) is hinged to the top end of the bottom plate (21), and a second end of the bottom plate (21) is a free end;

A spring (24) is fixed on the upper surface of the ventilation groove (23), and the top of the spring (24) is propped against the lower surface of the top plate (22);

When in a free state, under the action of the spring (24), the top plate (22) gradually inclines upwards from the first end (221) to the second end (222), and the included angle between the inclined angle and the horizontal plane is between 3 degrees and 10 degrees.

3. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 2, wherein the roof (22) is a steel plate.

4. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom plate (21) is integral with the aeration tank (23) and is made of concrete.

5. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of springs (24) is plural, each spring (24) being fixed at equal intervals along a straight line to the upper surface of the vent groove (23).

6. A structure of a spillway for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube body (3) comprises a main tube (31) and a branch tube (32);

The number of the branch pipes (32) is twice that of the ventilation grooves (23), one branch pipe (32) is respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each ventilation groove (23), and the two branch pipes (32) are respectively communicated with the inner cavity (232) of the ventilation groove (23) through an opening (233) arranged on the side wall of the ventilation groove (23);

The number of the main pipes (31) is two, the two main pipes (31) are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of each step body (2), the main pipes (31) are communicated with each branch pipe (32) at the same side, and extend to the outer surface of the spillway dam body (1) and are communicated with the outside of the spillway dam body (1).

7. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the main pipe (31) is provided with an insect screen (4) extending to the outer surface of the spillway dam (1).

8. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom plate (21) is fixed to the bottom surface of the drainage channel (11) by means of a plurality of screws (25).

9. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of vent holes (231) are equally spaced along a straight line on the side wall of the vent slot (23).

10. A reservoir spillway structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the vent holes (231) have a pore size of between 2cm and 8cm, and the spacing between adjacent vent holes (231) is between 5cm and 50 cm.