CN111777418B - 一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111777418B
CN111777418B CN202010531823.2A CN202010531823A CN111777418B CN 111777418 B CN111777418 B CN 111777418B CN 202010531823 A CN202010531823 A CN 202010531823A CN 111777418 B CN111777418 B CN 111777418B
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李晓静
高永亮
王大峰
郑子云
崔崇亮
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China Weapon Science Academy Ningbo Branch
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头及制备方法,其中,一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,该搅拌头为由成分为72%~78%CBN,余量为AlN及TiB2所制成的复合材料。压装烧结的压力为4~4.5Gpa,烧结温度T为1600~1750℃。与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:提高搅拌头的超硬耐磨抗冲击性能。能够一次性压制成型,进而大大简化了工艺流程,能够节约生产成本并提高生产效率。

Description

一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于制造技术领域,具体涉及一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头及制备方法。
背景技术
搅拌摩擦焊是利用高速旋转的焊具与工件摩擦产生的热量使被焊材料局部塑性化,当焊具沿着焊接界面向前移动时,被塑性化的材料在焊炬的转动摩擦力作用下由焊具的前部流向后部,并在焊具的挤压下形成致密的固相焊缝。
搅拌头是搅拌摩擦焊接的基础,由于搅拌摩擦焊属于固相焊接,焊接过程中需要承受巨大的焊接压力,因此对搅拌头的性能要求很高。
目前应用于搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)技术中的广泛使用的摩擦焊搅拌头材料是H13热作模具钢,但其存在使用寿命低、很容易断裂的问题,硬度及抗冲击性能有待提高。
又如中国发明专利《一种搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头材料以及搅拌头的制备方法》,其专利号为ZL201810657848.X(授权公告号为CN108677075B)公开了搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头材料包括:按照重量百分比计的钨粉75-85%和碳合金粉15-25%,所述碳合金粉为碳化钛粉和碳化锆粉中的一种或两种组合。通过在钨粉中添加一定比例的碳化钛或者碳化锆制得的合金粉末,采用热压烧结技术制备搅拌头材料。采用粉末冶金方法制备出的搅拌头具有优异的强度和耐磨损性能,但是,在烧结炉中需要将炉温加热到2000℃,并且通常硬度相对较低,同时制备的搅拌头还需进行精磨抛光处理,不能一次成型,生产效率有待提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对上述现有技术的现状,提供一种超硬耐磨抗冲击的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是针对上述现有技术的现状,提供一种制备超硬耐磨抗冲击的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头的一次性成型的制备方法。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,所述搅拌头为由成分为72%~78%CBN、余量为AlN及TiB2所制成的复合材料。
优选地,所述CBN粉的含量为75%且该CBN粉包含粒度为15~25μm的CBN粉和粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉,所述AlN及TiB2粉的粒度为0.8~1.2um。选用不同粒度的CBN粉体,有利于形成提高压制后材料整体的耐磨性,且得到晶粒细小、致密度高和机械性能优良的复合材料。由于粗颗粒CBN比较容易烧结,而且比表面积小,细晶粒可使晶粒的晶界面积增加,提高烧结强度及抗裂纹扩展能力,因此,选取不同粒度的CBN颗粒成分进行混合,上述综合性能优良的复合材料。
优选地,所述AlN及TiB2粉的粒度为1um。Al,Ti的主要作用是形成金属间化合物,实现沉淀强化,细晶强化的作用,提高材料的韧性。选用粒度为1um时的韧性最好。
具体地,所述搅拌头包括有呈圆台状的搅拌体及用来与夹持结构相连接的支撑体,所述搅拌体位于所述支撑体的顶面邻近中心的位置上,所述支撑体的顶面在位于所述搅拌体的外围具有呈环状的轴肩部,所述轴肩部的上端面具有渐开线式螺旋槽。这种结构设计有利于缓解摩擦焊接过程中产生的应力,提高抗冲击性能。
为了方便将摩擦焊接过程中产生的屑排出,所述支撑体的顶面上具有两个沿径向内外间隔布置的凹槽,所述轴肩部位于两个所述凹槽之间。摩擦焊接过程中产生的屑经依次经内侧的凹槽、轴肩部及外侧的凹槽而排出。
优选地,所述搅拌体的顶端面的直径d1为2~4mm,所述搅拌体的底面直径d2为10~14mm,且该搅拌体的高度h为4~7mm,所述支撑体呈倒置的圆台形,所述支撑体的纵截面为梯形,所述支撑体的高度H为10~20mm,所述支撑体的下表面的直径D为22~26mm。搅拌体和支撑体的尺寸过大容易发生断裂,不耐冲击,过小又会影响使用。
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种上述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头的制备方法,其特征在于,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)搅拌头复合材料成分选择
按照上述粒度要求和含量,选取CBN粉、AlN粉及TiB2粉;
(2)净化处理
将步骤(1)中的粉体表面进行净化处理,先将CBN粉末放入NaOH溶液中,并进行蒸煮至煮沸,然后用蒸馏水进行清洗,反复蒸煮清洗后,进行烘干;
(3)还原处理
(4)烧结
选用焙烧后的叶腊石作为传压介质;将步骤(3)处理后的粉体放入模具中,进行烧结。
优选地,在步骤(4)中,压力为4~4.5Gpa,烧结温度T为1600~1750℃,保温时间为3~15min。高温超高压条件下经烧结而成的聚晶体,烧结后内部无孔隙和缺陷,致密度高,耐高温性能好,抗断裂性极好。温度过高会产生过烧,温度过低则晶界强度低,在上述工艺参数,能够保证形成合适的晶粒尺寸,且制得的材料无疏松、孔洞等缺陷。
具体地,当压力达到4~4.5Gpa后逐渐加热至烧结温度T。有助于原料粉末颗粒接触扩散、流动传质过程的进行,缩短烧结时间,使得烧结体复合材料更加地致密化。
具体地,所述搅拌头的密度为3.44g/cm3,硬度为3500HV。如此,获得的搅拌头具有较高的硬度。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:按质量百分比计,搅拌头由70%~80%%CBN,余量为AlN及TiB2所组成的复合材料,其中的CBN的结构的耐高温性能及抗断裂性能好,烧结后具有较高硬度及耐磨性,Al化合物、Ti化合物与其形成金属间化合物,提高了材料的韧性,三种成分中的各元素相互配合使得制备出的搅拌头具有较高的综合韧性;该搅拌头的制备方法简单,如何通过相互作用,使得制备出的搅拌头具有超硬耐磨抗冲击性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1搅拌头的结构示意图(螺旋槽未示出);
图2为实施例1的俯视图;
图3为实施例1搅拌头的成分检测(EDS)图;
图4为实施例1搅拌头的XRD图;
图5为实施例1搅拌头的宏观图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1至图5所示,本发明实施例的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头包括有呈圆台状的搅拌体1及用来与夹持结构相连接的支撑体2,搅拌体1位于支撑体2的顶面邻近中心的位置上,支撑体2的顶面在位于搅拌体1的外围具有呈环状的轴肩部21,轴肩部21的上端面具有螺旋槽,螺旋槽为渐开线式螺旋槽211,具体参见图2所示,渐开线式螺旋槽211的设计,有利于缓解摩擦焊接过程中产生的应力,提高抗冲击性能。如图2所示,上述渐开线式螺旋槽211的方程基本满足:x=r(cosβ+βsinβ);y=r(sinβ-βcosβ),其中,β为角度,r为半径。
上述搅拌体1的顶端面的直径d1为2~4mm,搅拌体1的底面直径d2为10~14mm,且该搅拌体1的高度h为4~7mm,支撑体2呈倒置的圆台形,支撑体2的纵截面为梯形,且该支撑体2的高度H为10~20mm,支撑体2的下表面的直径D为22~26mm。
如图1和图2所示,支撑体2的顶面上具有两个沿径向内外间隔布置的凹槽22,轴肩部21位于两个所述凹槽22之间,凹槽22和螺旋槽的存在,方便排除摩擦焊接过程中产生的屑。
按照质量百分比计,本实施例中的搅拌头的成分组成为75%CBN,余量为AlN及TiB2;且该搅拌头为由上述三种成分所制成的复合材料。其中,CBN粉包含粒度为15~25μm的CBN粉和粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉,AlN及TiB2粉的粒度为0.8~1.2um,优选地,AlN及TiB2粉的粒度为1um。
制备上述搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头的制备方法依次包括以下步骤:
(1)搅拌头复合材料成分选择
按照上述粒度要求和含量,选取粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉、粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉、粒度为1um的AlN粉及粒度为1um的TiB2粉,其中粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉和粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉的总含量占75%,其余为粒度为1umAlN粉及粒度为1um的TiB2粉;
(2)净化处理
将步骤(1)中的粉体表面进行净化处理,先将CBN粉末放入NaOH溶液中,并进行蒸煮至煮沸,煮沸保持30min,然后用蒸馏水进行清洗,反复蒸煮清洗几次后,进行烘干;
(3)还原处理
采用采用C进行还原干燥处理,去除AlN及TiB2表面的氧化物,使得粘结剂在烧结时能以清洁的表面接触CBN粉末;
(4)烧结
采用六面顶液压机进行压装,在压装时,对六面顶液压机的顶锤对中调整及对六个液缸的一致性进行调整;选用焙烧后的叶腊石作为传压介质;将步骤(3)处理后的粉体通过锆片包裹后放入六面顶液压机腔室内的模具中,在压力为4~4.5Gpa进行液压,当压力达到4~4.5Gpa时,采用逐渐加热至烧结温度T的方式进行烧结,烧结温度T为1600~1750℃,保温时间为3~15min。
下述各个实施例的搅拌头的成分组成及烧结参数参见下表1,各个实施例搅拌头的成分含量参见下表2,各个实施例所制备的搅拌头尺寸参见下表3。
表1
Figure BDA0002535559020000041
Figure BDA0002535559020000051
表2
Figure BDA0002535559020000052
表3
Figure BDA0002535559020000053
由上述制备方法制备出的实施例1的搅拌头的密度为3.44g/cm3,硬度为3500HV,三个实施例的制备出的搅拌头的硬度较高;实施例1中,对制备出的搅拌头去掉包裹的锆片,进行抛光,抛光后的样品采用EDS进行成分分析,如图4可知,其主要由B、N、Al及Ti元素组成。
耐磨损试验在高温摩擦磨损试验机上进行,采用ZrO2摩擦副,其载荷为10N,运行速度为120r/min,运行时间为30min,由此,摩擦系数随时间实时变化,三个实施例的平均摩擦系数分别为0.42,0.38,0.35;此外,对上述三个实施例进行抗冲击试验,测得抗弯强度分别为:418Mpa,396Mpa,405Mpa。由此可知,采用本发明制备方法所制备出的制品具有较好的耐摩擦性能和较好的抗弯性能。

Claims (10)

1.一种搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于,按照质量百分比计,所述搅拌头为由72%~78%CBN粉、余量为AlN粉及TiB2粉所制成的复合材料,且该CBN粉包含粒度为15~25μm的CBN粉和粒度为4~8μm的CBN粉,所述AlN 粉及 TiB2粉的粒度为0.8~1.2um。
2.根据权利要求1所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于:所述CBN粉的含量为75%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于:所述AlN粉及TiB2粉的粒度为1um。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项权利要求所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于:包括有呈圆台状的搅拌体(1)及用来与夹持结构相连接的支撑体(2),所述搅拌体(1)位于所述支撑体(2)的顶面邻近中心的位置上,所述支撑体(2)的顶面在位于所述搅拌体(1)的外围具有呈环状的轴肩部(21),所述轴肩部(21)的上端面具有渐开线式螺旋槽(211)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于:所述支撑体(2)的顶面上具有两个沿径向内外间隔布置的凹槽(22),所述轴肩部(21)位于两个所述凹槽(22)之间。
6.根据权利要求4所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头,其特征在于:所述搅拌体(1)的顶端面的直径d1为2~4mm,所述搅拌体(1)的底面直径d2为10~14mm,且该搅拌体(1)的高度h为4~7mm,所述支撑体(2)呈倒置的圆台形,所述支撑体(2)的纵截面为梯形,所述支撑体(2)的高度H为10~20mm,所述支撑体(2)的下表面的直径D为22~26mm。
7.一种权利要求2至6中任一项权利要求所述的搅拌摩擦焊用超硬复合材料搅拌头的制备方法,其特征在于,依次包括以下步骤:
(1)搅拌头复合材料成分选择
按照上述粒度要求和含量,选取CBN粉、AlN粉及 TiB2粉;
(2)净化处理
将步骤(1)中的粉体表面进行净化处理,先将CBN粉末放入NaOH溶液中,并进行蒸煮至煮沸,然后用蒸馏水进行清洗,反复蒸煮清洗后,进行烘干;
(3)还原处理
(4)烧结
选用焙烧后的叶腊石作为传压介质;将步骤(3)处理后的粉体放入模具中,进行烧结。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(4)中,压力为4~4.5GPa ,烧结温度T为1600~1750℃,保温时间为3~15min。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:当压力达到4~4.5GPa 后逐渐加热至烧结温度T。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述搅拌头的密度为3.44g/cm3,硬度为3500HV。
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