CN111772035A - 一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂及全价配合饲料 - Google Patents
一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂及全价配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂及全价配合饲料。所述提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂由如下重量份的组分组成：灭活草分枝杆菌10‑20份，β‑葡聚糖8‑12份，香菇多糖5‑8份，壳寡低聚糖10‑12份，乳酸菌5‑8份，番茄粉5‑8份，三丁酸甘油酯8‑15份，中链脂肪酸15‑20份，淫羊藿提取物5‑10份，杜仲叶提取物3‑10份，甘草提取物3‑10份，桔梗提取物3‑8份，玉米淀粉10‑20份。所述全价配合饲料中含有上述提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂。本发明能提升仔猪免疫力，提高采食量和日增重，改善了本阶段的生产性能，给广大养殖户带来经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂及全价配合饲料。
背景技术
断奶-保育阶段一直是生猪养殖的核心阶段，然而这个阶段仔猪免疫系统发育尚不完善，机体免疫能力应对外部环境因素的刺激有待提高。加之，目前受到非洲猪瘟的影响，饲料中取消抗生素的使用，更加增加了发病的风险，养殖户造成一定的经济损失。为减少动物疫病的发生，其中一种有效措施是激活动物机体免疫系统，促进巨噬细胞摄取、处理和传递抗原，调节和增强淋巴细胞的反应能力、增加淋巴细胞的数量及促进其免疫器官发育成熟，促进淋巴因子的分泌，从而提高机体免疫力。本专利选择动植物免疫多糖，微生态制剂、中草药提取物等多种营养物质复配而成，相辅相成，一方面提高仔猪的免疫力，一方面取消抗生素的使用，同样能够达到防病和促生长的效果。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术中存在的缺点和问题加以改进和创新，提供一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂及全价配合饲料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案为：
所述提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂由如下重量份的组分组成：
灭活草分枝杆菌10-20份，β-葡聚糖8-12份，香菇多糖5-8份，壳寡低聚糖10-12份，乳酸菌5-8份，番茄粉5-8份，三丁酸甘油酯8-15份，中链脂肪酸15-20份，淫羊藿提取物5-10份，杜仲叶提取物3-10份，甘草提取物3-10份，桔梗提取物3-8份，玉米淀粉10-20份。玉米淀粉为载体。
上述添加剂通过饲料的营养调控达提高仔猪免疫力，具体表现为仔猪体内抗体水平提高，养殖过程中腹泻率降低，生产性能提升。
所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料由如下重量份的组分组成：
玉米35-55份，膨化玉米8-15份，豆油0.5-2份，磷脂油粉1-2份，白糖2-3份，膨化大豆8-10份，豆粕10-20份，全脂鱼粉2-4份，发酵豆粕4-6份，低蛋白乳清粉4-8份，氯化钠0.2-0.4份，甲酸钙0.2-0.7份，磷酸氢钙0.6-1份，酸化剂0.4-0.8份，防霉剂0.02-0.04份，乙氧基喹啉0.02-0.03份，氯化胆碱0.03-0.06份，二甲酸钾0.6-1份，上述的提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份。
其中，酸化剂由九鼎集团用柠檬酸、乳酸、苯甲酸等配制的乳猪专用有机酸化剂(市售产品)。保育猪复合预混料为九鼎集团生产的保育猪专用预混料(包含多种维生素、微生态制剂、酶制剂等，载体用统糠，为市售产品，无抗生素)。
优选地，所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的氨基酸营养成分为：粗蛋白18～20％、消化能3400～3500Kcal/Kg、赖氨酸1.2～1.3％，粗纤维2～4％，可消化含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸为0.6，可消化苏氨酸/赖氨酸为0.67，可消化色氨酸/赖氨酸为0.22，可消化色氨酸/赖氨酸为0.75，其中所述的百分含量均指该营养指标在所述全价配合饲料中的质量百分比含量。
优选地，每kg所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的维生素营养成分为：维生素A 10000～15000IU，维生素D3 1800～2000IU，维生素E 100～150IU，维生素K3 5～6mg，维生素B1 3～5mg，维生素B2 10～15mg，维生素B6 6～8mg，维生素B12 40～60μg，叶酸1.5～2.5mg，生物素0.3～0.5mg，烟酸35～55mg，泛酸钙25～45mg。
所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将所述饲料的组分粉碎，100％过20目，粒度达到80％过30目；其中玉米筛片孔径为1.8mm，膨化玉米、发酵豆粕和豆粕筛片孔径为2.5mm；
2)将粉碎后的组分混合均匀，然后进行二次粉碎和混合，使组分颗粒均匀；
3)制粒，采用3.0mm直径的环模制粒，长径比为(6-9)：1，制粒温度控制在80℃。
下面对本发明作进一步说明：
本发明中主要将有动植物免疫多糖、微生态制剂、中草药提取物搭配使用。草分歧杆菌含有多种活性成分，例如：胞壁酰二肽、草分歧杆菌多糖、CpG免疫调节序列、辅酶Q10，其细胞壁有很强的免疫佐剂的作用。灭活的草分枝杆菌进入机体后可刺激T淋巴细胞释放出多种淋巴因子如MAF(巨噬细胞活化(激活)因子)，MIF(巨噬细胞移动抑制因子)，MCF，MMF(促有丝分裂因子)等，这些因子作用于单核巨噬细胞系统，使之向病灶部位聚集、活化，对病原菌进行吞噬、杀伤和清除；同时，自然杀伤(NK)细胞、B淋巴细胞也活化、增多；IgM，IgG趋正常，调节细胞免疫系统产生免疫功能，增强机体免疫能力，灭活的草分歧杆菌应用到保育饲料中提高仔猪的免疫力，是一种新的创新。
普遍认为β-葡聚糖在提高动物体的免疫力的方面有显著的作用，研究表明，酵母中的β-1,3/1,6葡聚糖是激活免疫系统的有效成分，能够刺激细胞毒性T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞等免疫细胞，还能促进细胞因子形成，激活补体系统，促进抗体生成，对免疫系统起到多方面的调节作用，从而全面激活动物机体的免疫系统。香菇多糖是香菇的提取物，是一种特殊的生物活性物质，同时也是一种生物反应增强剂和调节剂，它提高感染细胞免疫力，增强细胞膜的稳定性，抑制细胞病变，促进细胞修复等功能，增强体液免疫和细胞免疫，同时还具有抗逆转录病毒活性。作为动物性多糖类-壳寡低聚糖具有调节肠道的微生态和改善肠道组织形态，增加机体免疫，其杀伤活性的产生主要是激活T淋巴细胞与巨噬细胞相互作用加强的结果
肠黏膜具有吸收营养物质的生理功能和免疫屏障作用，而三丁酸甘油酯在胃液中不分解，在胰脂肪酶的作用下缓慢释放成丁酸和甘油，在前肠、中肠、后肠三点均匀吸收，有效修复肠黏膜损伤，全面保护肠黏膜，为肠黏膜细胞快速提供能量，促进肠黏膜快速生长发育；抑制肠道有害菌，促进营养物质的吸收和利用。中链脂肪酸能够快速、有效的为仔猪氧化功能，其独特的结构和代谢途径使其具有抑制细菌、调节仔猪肠道菌群结构、促生长等方面的作用。乳酸菌微生态制剂在仔猪的应用中，具有很好的改善猪肠道屏障功能的作用，而这种作用与乳酸菌对肠道菌群结构、肠绒毛结构、上皮细胞通透性和Tjs、黏液的分泌和免疫功能的调节有关。
番茄粉有生津止渴，健胃消食功效，其次番茄粉含有丰富的尼克酸能够维持胃液的分正常泌；还属于一种可溶性的膳食纤维，益生纤维的发酵产生的代谢物，包括SCFA。特别是丁酸已被证明影响巨噬细胞、T细胞和树突状细胞的活性。TREG细胞、效应T细胞、自然杀伤细胞和B细胞都受到益生纤维及其发酵形成的代谢产物的影响。
中草药提取物-淫羊藿能兴奋性机能，对动物有促进精液分泌作用。药理实验研究表明，淫羊藿能增加心脑血管血流量，促进造血功能、免疫功能及骨代谢，具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤等功效。杜仲叶提取物主要具有清除自由基、抗氧化的作用，增加胃肠道的蠕动和促进胃液分泌的作用，刺激胃肠道消化系统。甘草、桔梗提取物具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，宣肺利咽的作用，根据中兽医“肺与大肠互为表里”，利用天然的中药养胃健脾、宣肺通肠，提高血氧浓度，促进动物生长。
本发明把动植物免疫调节剂，微生态制剂，及快速供能中短链脂肪酸及天然中草药提取物一起使用，改善动物的免疫力。从不同的角度，应用不同营养原理发挥作用，一起改善肠道健康，提到动物的免疫力，促进营养物质的消化吸收，在没有抗生素的情况下，依然能很好的控制腹泻率和促生长。
具体实施方式
实施例1：(实施例中的份对应的单位为千克)
1、取以下原料复配提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂，待用。
灭活草分枝杆菌、15份，β-葡聚糖、8份，香菇多糖、6份，壳寡低聚糖、10份，乳酸杆菌微生态制剂、5份，番茄粉、5份，三丁酸甘油酯10份，中链脂肪酸、13份，淫羊藿提取物、5份，杜仲叶提取物、3份，甘草提取物5份，桔梗提取物5份，载体为玉米淀粉10份。
2、按以下原料及方法制得饲料产品。
玉米48.5份，豆粕16份，膨化玉米10份，豆油1.6份，磷脂油粉2份，白糖2份，膨化大豆8份，发酵豆粕3份，脱脂鱼粉2份，低蛋白乳清粉4份，氯化钠0.3份，石粉0.7份，磷酸氢钙0.8份，酸化剂0.4份，防霉剂0.03份，氯化胆碱(60％)0.04份，乙氧基喹啉(60％)0.02份，二甲酸钾0.6份，上步配好的提高免疫力复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份。
其中：酸化剂由九鼎集团用柠檬酸、乳酸、苯甲酸等配制的乳猪专用有机酸化剂(市售产品)。保育猪复合预混料为九鼎集团生产的保育猪专用预混料(包含多种维生素、微生态制剂、酶制剂等，载体用统糠，无抗生素，为市售产品)。
制得方法如下：
1)原料粉碎，粒度达到80％过30目，如：玉米、膨化玉米、膨化大豆、豆粕等。
2)制粒，采用3.0mm直径的环模制粒，制粒温度控制在80℃以下。
实施例2：(实施例中的份对应的单位为千克)
本例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处是添加剂和饲料的原料使用量略有调整，具体如下：
添加剂各原料用量：灭活草分枝杆菌、12份，β-葡聚糖、10份，香菇多糖、6份，壳寡低聚糖、10份，乳酸杆菌微生态制剂、5份，番茄粉、5份，三丁酸甘油酯10份，中链脂肪酸、15份，淫羊藿提取物、5份，杜仲叶提取物、4份，甘草提取物5份，桔梗提取物3份，载体为玉米淀粉10份。
饲料各原料用量：玉米48.5份，豆粕15份，膨化玉米10份，豆油1.6份，磷脂油粉2份，白糖2份，膨化大10份，发酵豆粕2份，脱脂鱼粉2份，低蛋白乳清粉4份，氯化钠0.3份，石粉0.7份，磷酸氢钙0.8份，酸化剂0.4份，防霉剂0.03份，氯化胆碱(60％)0.04份，乙氧基喹啉(60％)0.02份，二甲酸钾0.6份，上步配好的提高免疫力复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份。上步配好的毛色改良复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份。
实施例3：(实施例中的份对应的单位为千克)
本例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处是添加剂和饲料的原料使用量略有调整，具体如下：
添加剂各原料用量：灭活草分枝杆菌、13份，β-葡聚糖、8份，香菇多糖、5份，壳寡低聚糖、10份，乳酸杆菌微生态制剂5份，番茄粉、5份，三丁酸甘油酯8份，中链脂肪酸、13份，淫羊藿提取物、6份，杜仲叶提取物、4份，甘草提取物5份，桔梗提取物5份，载体为玉米淀粉13份。
饲料各原料用量：玉米48.3份，豆粕13份，膨化玉米10份，豆油1.6份，磷脂油粉2份，白糖2份，膨化大12份，发酵豆粕2份，脱脂鱼粉2份，低蛋白乳清粉4份，氯化钠0.3份，石粉0.7份，磷酸氢钙0.8份，酸化剂0.4份，防霉剂0.03份，氯化胆碱(60％)0.04份，乙氧基喹啉(60％)0.02份，二甲酸钾0.8份，上步配好的提高免疫力复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份上。
上述各实施例制得饲料的饲喂方法如下：
断奶仔猪饲喂10-14天教槽料后，按照教槽料：保育料＝7:3，5:5和3:7进行3天过渡，待采食平稳后直接饲喂本发明配方饲料。
动物对比试验例：
试验1：对比此保育料与本公司常规产品(有抗、无抗)
试验时间：夏季(2018.8.10日-9.07日)
试验场地：新湘农集团菖蒲分公司母猪场(湖南郴州)
试验料：A:新发明提高免疫力无抗保育料，颗粒料；
B：九鼎集团无抗商品常规保育料，颗粒料；
C：九鼎集团有抗商品常规保育料，颗粒料；
D：某知名品牌1，颗粒料；
试验分组及饲喂方法：在断奶试验结束后，仔猪喂至10公斤左右，选取24栏(每栏约13头)，分为4个处理，每个处理5栏猪，根据均重分组。栏间均重基本一致，同栏仔猪均匀性一致，试验前饮水保健3天，并用对应试验料和之前饲喂的料进行过渡，按3:7，5:5，7:3比例过渡。过渡完毕待采食量正常后，直接按照分组情况饲喂对应试验料，自由采食，提供充足洁净的饮水。保证栏舍清洁卫生，定期对猪舍及饲槽消毒。疾病的防治与保健按猪场实际情况进行。试验的第25天清晨进行新鲜粪便的收集，冰盒保存，用于微生物检测。第25天进行仔猪称重，每个处理组随机抽取10头仔猪进行前腔静脉采血用于免疫指标检测。猪场疾病防治按照猪场要求进行，试验过程中出现腹泻，先用药物进行治疗，连续3天未治疗成功的个体直接淘汰。
表1：动物生长性能数据统计(样本数：n＝5)
备注：本试验开展过程中，未发生严重腹泻，出现腹泻时，一般注射1-2次抗腹泻药物即可控制。
试验结论：各试验组生产性能上，平均采食量方面，新发明提高免疫力无抗保育料(A)优于九鼎集团无抗商品常规保育料(B)、九鼎集团有抗商品常规保育料(C)、某知名品牌(有抗)(D)；平均日增重方面，新发明提高免疫力无抗保育料(A)优于九鼎集团无抗商品常规保育料(B)、九鼎集团有抗商品常规保育料(C)、某知名品牌(有抗)(D)；平均料肉比上，新发明提高免疫力无抗保育料(A)低于其他三组，因此在生产性能上存在优势。
表2：试验动物肠道内部分微生物菌群的数量统计(样本数：n＝10)
从表2可看出，肠道内有益菌群，试验A组乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均高于B、C、D组；肠道内有害菌群，大肠杆菌数量低于B、C、D组。因此新发明的提高免疫力的无抗保育饲料有益于有益菌乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的生长，抑制有害菌大肠杆菌的生长。
表3:试验动物血液内免疫因子指标统计(样本数：n＝10)
从表3可看出，试验A组免疫球蛋A、疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M，淋巴细胞转化率，白细胞吞噬率均高其他A、B、C组，其中免疫球蛋白A、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬率显著提高，试验数据表明新发明的提高免疫力的无抗保育饲料能提升仔猪免疫力。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂由如下重量份的组分组成：
灭活草分枝杆菌10-20份，β-葡聚糖8-12份，香菇多糖5-8份，壳寡低聚糖10-12份，乳酸菌5-8份，番茄粉5-8份，三丁酸甘油酯8-15份，中链脂肪酸15-20份，淫羊藿提取物5-10份，杜仲叶提取物3-10份，甘草提取物3-10份，桔梗提取物3-8份，玉米淀粉10-20份。
2.一种提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料，其特征在于，所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料中含有权利要求1所述的提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料，其特征在于，所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料由如下重量份的组分组成：
玉米35-55份，膨化玉米8-15份，豆油0.5-2份，磷脂油粉1-2份，白糖2-3份，膨化大豆8-10份，豆粕10-20份，全脂鱼粉2-4份，发酵豆粕4-6份，低蛋白乳清粉4-8份，氯化钠0.2-0.4份，甲酸钙0.2-0.7份，磷酸氢钙0.6-1份，酸化剂0.4-0.8份，防霉剂0.02-0.04份，乙氧基喹啉0.02-0.03份，氯化胆碱0.03-0.06份，二甲酸钾0.6-1份，权利要求1所述的提高仔猪免疫力复合添加剂1份，保育猪复合预混料1份。
4.如权利要求3所述的提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料，其特征在于，所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的氨基酸营养成分为：粗蛋白18～20%、消化能3400～3500 Kcal/Kg、赖氨酸1.2～1.3%，粗纤维 2～4%，可消化含硫氨基酸/赖氨酸为0.6，可消化苏氨酸/赖氨酸为0.67，可消化色氨酸/赖氨酸为0.22，可消化色氨酸/赖氨酸为0.75，其中所述的百分含量均指该营养指标在所述全价配合饲料中的质量百分比含量。
5.如权利要求3所述的提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料，其特征在于，每kg所述提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的维生素营养成分为：维生素A 10000~15000IU，维生素D3 1800~2000 IU，维生素E 100~150IU，维生素K3 5~6 mg，维生素B1 3~5 mg，维生素B2 10~15mg，维生素B6 6~8 mg，维生素B12 40~60μg，叶酸1.5~2.5mg，生物素0.3~0.5mg，烟酸35~55 mg，泛酸钙25~45 mg。
6.如权利要求2至5任一项所述的提高仔猪免疫力的无抗保育全价配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
1）将所述饲料的组分粉碎，100%过20目，粒度达到80%过30目；其中玉米筛片孔径为1.8mm，膨化玉米、发酵豆粕和豆粕筛片孔径为2.5mm；
2）将粉碎后的组分混合均匀，然后进行二次粉碎和混合，使组分颗粒均匀；
3）制粒，采用3.0mm直径的环模制粒，长径比为（6-9）：1，制粒温度控制在80℃。
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