CN111764968A - 航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111764968A
CN111764968A CN202010425729.9A CN202010425729A CN111764968A CN 111764968 A CN111764968 A CN 111764968A CN 202010425729 A CN202010425729 A CN 202010425729A CN 111764968 A CN111764968 A CN 111764968A
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silicon carbide
ring
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billet
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张国栋
樊建中
陈春生
杨超
魏少华
聂俊辉
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Youyan Metal Composite Technology Co ltd
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备方法,增压级整体叶环结构包括一体成型的增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣,增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣均由碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料制成,制备方法包括粉末冶金法制备复合材料坯锭、等温锻造成型锻饼、环轧成型环件、整体叶环的热处理和机加工等步骤。本发明将铝基复合材料应用于大涵道比涡扇航空发动机的增压级整体叶环,实现发动机减重。

Description

航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及航空发动机技术领域,特别涉及一种航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
航空发动机,尤其是大涵道比商用航空发动机,除了高性能、高可靠性和长寿命的要求,对低排放、低噪音和低成本的要求越来越高,而降低排放和成本以及减少噪音的一个重要途径就是减轻发动机的重量。
商发航空发动机中增压级第一级静子叶片及其内环的工作温度都在150℃以下,目前主要是采用17-4PH不锈钢或TC4钛合金制造。钛合金作为比强度高的材料被广泛的应用于增压级部件转静子的设计中,但这样存在着产生钛火的风险;采用不锈钢设计又对发动机的减重不利。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为解决以上问题,本发明提供一种航空发动机的铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构及其制备方法。
根据本发明的一个方面提供一种航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构,包括一体成型的增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣,增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣均由碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料制成。
其中,碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料中,碳化硅颗粒的粒度为1~15μm,且在复合材料中的体积百分比为10%~20%。
其中,碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料由碳化硅颗粒和铝合金粉末制成,铝合金粉末的粒度为10~20μm。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供该铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构的制备方法,包括以下步骤:采用粉末冶金法制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料坯锭;将坯锭进行等温锻造,成型为复合材料锻饼;将复合材料锻饼环轧成型为增压级整体叶环;将增压级整体叶环进行固溶时效强化热处理;将热处理后的增压级整体叶环进行机加工,制成增压级整体叶环结构。
其中,将碳化硅颗粒和铝合金粉末混合均匀;将均匀混合的碳化硅颗粒和铝合金混合粉末封装于柔性包套中,进行冷等静压成型;将冷等静压成型的坯锭封装入金属包套中,进行高温真空除气处理;将高温真空除气处理后的坯锭进行热等静压致密化。
其中,高温真空除气处理步骤中,加热温度为550~650℃,金属包套内部真空度不低于5×10-2Pa。
其中,热等静压致密化的步骤中,热压温度为550~600℃,保温时间不小于2h,压强不小于80MPa。
其中,等温锻造步骤中,始锻温度450~480℃,终锻温度不低于350℃,锻造速度0.1~2mm/s,道次变形量不超过30%,总变形量大于50%。
其中,环轧成型步骤中,环轧初始温度为450~480℃,终轧温度不低于 350℃,道次变形量为15%~20%。
其中,固溶时效处理步骤中,固溶温度为480~500℃,保温时间3~4小时,淬水水温不超过40℃,在室温下自然时效96小时。
本发明中,高温真空除气条件有利于后续热等静压工序实现完全致密化,如果真空度低,则热等静压后坯锭致密度不能达到100%。高温真空除气和热等静压可实现坯锭完全致密化,并获得良好的增强体颗粒-铝基体界面结合,从而提高复合材料的力学性能。等温锻造步骤中,复合材料坯锭延伸率不超过5%,变形温度和速度的严格控制能避免锻造开裂,并且总变形量超过50%可以明显提高复合材料的塑性,有利于后续环轧成型。环轧步骤除了可以成型环件以外,还可以改变材料内部组织,减小各向异性,实现材料内部各向同性。
本发明将铝基复合材料应用于大涵道比涡扇航空发动机的增压级整体叶环,实现发动机减重,并且叶片、机匣和内环的整体式叶环结构,可以免去叶片和机匣的焊接或螺栓连接工艺,提高结构的完整性和性能,并降低零件的制备成本。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构的示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构的弦向微观示意图;
图3示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构的径向微观示意图;
图4示出了根据本发明另一种实施方式的航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构的弦向微观示意图;
图5示出了根据本发明另一种实施方式的航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构的径向微观示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
本发明的技术思想为,通过制备复合材料坯锭、等温锻造成型锻饼、环轧成型环件、整体叶环的热处理和机加工等步骤以及相应步骤的参数设置,制成一种一体式颗粒增强铝基复合材料增压级整体叶环结构,该叶环结构能够代替传统的分体式钛合金或不锈钢航空发动机风扇增压级中静子叶片、内环和机匣结构,使该叶环结构在满足航空发动机应用性能的前提下,尽可能降低自身重量。
如图1所示,一种航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构,该叶环结构材料为碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料,该叶环结构包括增压级静子叶片1、内环2和机匣3,该增压级静子叶片1均匀分布在该内环2和机匣3之间,且该增压级静子叶片1、该内环2和机匣3一体成型。
该增压级整体叶环结构制备方法具体步骤如下:
将所需增强体颗粒与铝基体粉末按照一定比例加入到混料机中,经混合制成混合粉末;增强体颗粒选用SiC(碳化硅),增强体颗粒粒度为1~15μm,且在复合材料中的体积百分比为10%~20%;铝基体可选用2系和7系铝合金中的任意一种,铝基体粉末粒度为10~20μm。将混合粉末封装于柔性包套中进行冷等静压成型。将冷等静压成型的坯锭封装入金属包套中进行高温真空除气处理;加热温度为550~650℃,包套内部真空度不低于5×10- 2Pa。将经高温真空除气处理的坯锭进行热等静压致密化,成型为完全致密的复合材料坯锭;热压温度为550~600℃,保温时间不小于2h,压强不小于80MPa。将热等静压坯锭进行等温锻造,成型为复合材料锻饼;锻造始锻温度450~480℃,终锻温度不低于 350℃,锻造速度0.1~2mm/s,道次变形量不超过30%,总变形量大于50%。将锻饼机加工成环坯,再进行环轧成型为环件。环轧起始温度450~480℃,终轧温度不低于350℃,道次变形量不超过30%。将环件进行固溶时效强化热处理。将热处理后的环件进行机加工,得到颗粒增强铝基复合材料整体叶环。
下面将通过具体实施例的形式对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1:整体叶环结构X及其制备方法
整体叶环结构X包括一体成型的增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣,增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣均由碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料制成,其中整体叶环所用结构的材料为15%SiC/2009铝基复合材料,增强体颗粒为SiC颗粒,平均粒度为15μm,增强体颗粒为SiC颗粒在复合材料中的体积百分比为15%,铝基体粉末为2009Al,平均粒度为20μm。
整体叶环结结构X的制备方法具体包括:
(1)将碳化硅粉末与铝基体按照体积比15:85均匀混合;(2)将混合粉末封装于柔性包套中进行冷等静压成型,冷等静压压强为200MPa,冷等静压保压时间为10min,冷压坯锭致密度为85%;(3)将冷等静压成型的坯锭封装入钢包套中进行高温真空除气处理,除气温度600℃,封口前真空度为4×10-2Pa;(4) 将经高温真空除气处理的坯锭进行热等静压致密化,热等静压温度为600℃,压强为120MPa,在此温度压力下保持3小时,坯锭致密度为100%;(5)坯锭进行等温锻造成型,锻造温度起始为480℃,终止温度为350℃,锻造速度为2mm/s,道次变形量为30%,总变形量为70%;(6)将复合材料锻饼通过机加工去除芯部坯料,获得环坯;(7)将复合材料环坯进行环轧成型,环轧始锻温度480℃,终轧温度不低于350℃,道次变形量为20%。(8)将环件进行固溶时效热处理,固溶温度为500℃,保温时间4小时,淬水水温不超过40℃,在室温下自然时效 96小时;(9)环形件经数控加工制备成整体叶环结构。上述工艺下制备的整体叶环结构的主要力学性能如下表1所示,弦向的微观组织如附图2所示,径向的微观组织如图3所示。
表1
Figure BDA0002498640320000051
实施例2:整体叶环结构Y及其制备方法
整体叶环结构Y包括一体成型的增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣,增压级静子叶片、内环和机匣均由碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料制成,所用的材料为20% SiC/7075铝基复合材料,增强体颗粒为SiC颗粒,平均粒度为3μm,在复合材料中的体积百分比为20%,铝基体粉末为7075Al,平均粒度为10μm。
整体叶环结构Y的制备方法包括:
(1)将SiC颗粒与铝基体按照体积比20:80均匀混合;(2)将混合粉末封装于橡胶包套中进行冷等静压成型,冷等静压压强为150MPa,冷等静压保压时间为20min,冷压坯锭致密度为80%;(3)将冷等静压成型的坯锭封装入钢包套中进行高温真空除气处理,除气温度550℃,封口前真空度为1×10-2Pa;(4)将经高温真空除气处理的坯锭进行热等静压致密化,热等静压温度为550℃,压强为150MPa,在此温度压力下保持4小时,坯锭致密度为100%;(5)坯锭进行等温锻造成型,锻造温度起始为450℃,终止温度为350℃,锻造速度为0.5mm/s,道次变形量为20%,总变形量为60%;(6)将复合材料锻饼通过机加工去除芯部坯料,获得环坯;(7)将复合材料环坯进行环轧成型,环轧始锻温度450℃,终轧温度不低于350℃,道次变形量为15%。(8)将环件进行固溶时效热处理,固溶温度为480℃,保温时间3小时,淬水水温不超过40℃,在120℃下时效10 小时;(9)环形件经数控加工制备成整体叶环结构。上述工艺下制备的叶环结构的主要力学性能如下表2所示,弦向的微观组织如附图4所示,径向的微观组织如图5所示。
表2
Figure BDA0002498640320000061
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种航空发动机的增压级整体叶环结构,其特征在于,所述叶环结构材料为碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料,所述叶环结构包括增压级静子叶片(1)、内环(2)和机匣(3),所述增压级静子叶片(1)均匀分布在所述内环(2)和机匣(3)之间,且所述增压级静子叶片(1)、所述内环(2)和机匣(3)一体成型。
2.如权利要求1所述的增压级整体叶环结构,其特征在于,
所述碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料中,碳化硅颗粒的粒度为1~15μm,且在复合材料中的体积百分比为10%~20%。
3.如权利要求1所述的增压级整体叶环结构,其特征在于,
所述碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料由碳化硅颗粒和铝合金粉末制成,所述铝合金为2系或7系铝合金,粉末的粒度为10~20μm。
4.一种如权利要求1-3所述的增压级整体叶环结构的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
采用粉末冶金法制备碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料坯锭;
将所述坯锭进行等温锻造,成型为复合材料锻饼;
将复合材料锻饼环轧成型为增压级整体叶环;
将增压级整体叶环进行固溶时效强化热处理;
将热处理后的增压级整体叶环进行机加工,制成增压级整体叶环结构。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉末冶金法包括以下步骤:
将碳化硅颗粒和铝合金粉末混匀;
将混匀的碳化硅颗粒和铝合金混合粉末封装于柔性包套中,冷等静压成型;
将冷等静压成型的坯锭封装入金属包套中,进行高温真空除气处理;
将高温真空除气处理后的坯锭进行热等静压致密化。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,高温真空除气处理步骤中,加热温度为550~650℃,金属包套内部真空度不低于5×10-2Pa。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,热等静压致密化的步骤中,热压温度为550~600℃,保温时间不小于2h,压强不小于80MPa。
8.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,等温锻造步骤中,始锻温度450~480℃,终锻温度不低于350℃,锻造速度0.1~2mm/s,道次变形量不超过30%,总变形量大于50%。
9.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,环轧成型步骤中,环轧初始温度为450~480℃,终轧温度不低于350℃,道次变形量为15%~20%。
10.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,固溶时效处理步骤中,固溶温度为480~500℃,保温时间3~4小时,淬水水温不超过40℃,在室温下自然时效96小时。
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