CN111764948B - Highway tunnel crowd disaster prevention system - Google Patents
Highway tunnel crowd disaster prevention system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111764948B CN111764948B CN202010737627.0A CN202010737627A CN111764948B CN 111764948 B CN111764948 B CN 111764948B CN 202010737627 A CN202010737627 A CN 202010737627A CN 111764948 B CN111764948 B CN 111764948B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D8/00—Shafts not provided for in groups E21D1/00 - E21D7/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/20—Drawing-off or depositing dust
Abstract
The invention discloses a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system, which comprises an air exhaust device and a wind shielding device; the wind shielding device comprises a wind guide part arranged at the top of the tunnel inlet, a wind supplementing vertical shaft communicated with the wind guide part and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, wherein the second heating mechanism is used for heating gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the wind guide part is provided with a wind outlet which is arranged towards the ground along the height direction, so that the gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft is discharged from the wind outlet after being heated, the external gas is prevented from directly entering the tunnel, the wind exhaust device is used for discharging the gas in the tunnel, the mutual influence of pollutants at the tunnel portal is considered, the 'discharge' and 'blockage' are combined, the channeling of the pollutants between adjacent tunnels is controlled, and the good air environment is continuously kept in the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of highway tunnel group disaster prevention, in particular to a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system.
Background
Can pollute the environment at tunnel entrance to a cave behind the tunnel air pollutant discharge tunnel, when the distance between the upper and lower reaches tunnel of same route is short, the pollutant in upstream tunnel is very easily followed tunnel length direction and is spread the tunnel entry in low reaches tunnel from the tunnel export, if does not adopt good ventilation equipment to the contaminated air in the fresh air replacement tunnel, will influence the driver and passenger healthy, is unfavorable for driving safety. The jet flow fan and the axial flow fan are commonly adopted in the prior art to discharge pollutants in the tunnel without considering the pollution to a downstream tunnel, when the tunnel is in fire, smoke is difficult to discharge due to the narrow and semi-closed special structure, and the pollutant cross flow between adjacent tunnels is easier to occur, so that great threat is caused to the life and property safety of people.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system is needed, which combines "discharging" and "blocking" to control the cross flow of pollutants between adjacent tunnels for tunnel portals at a short distance in consideration of the mutual influence of the pollutants at the tunnel portals, so as to ensure that a good air environment continuously exists in the tunnels.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system, wherein for tunnel portals at a short distance, the mutual influence of the pollutants at the portals is considered, and the 'discharge' and 'blockage' are combined to control the channeling of the pollutants between adjacent tunnels, so as to ensure that a good air environment continuously exists in the tunnels.
The invention relates to a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system, which comprises an air exhaust device and a wind shielding device; the wind shielding device comprises a wind guide part arranged at the top of the tunnel inlet, a wind supplementing vertical shaft communicated with the wind guide part and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the second heating mechanism is used for heating gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the wind guide part is provided with a wind outlet which is arranged towards the ground along the height direction, so that the gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft is heated and then discharged from the wind outlet, the external gas is prevented from directly entering the tunnel, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the gas in the tunnel.
Further, the exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust shaft arranged at the top of the tunnel outlet and a first heating mechanism arranged in the smoke exhaust shaft, and the first heating mechanism is used for heating gas in the smoke exhaust shaft so that the gas in the tunnel is sucked into the smoke exhaust shaft and is exhausted.
Further, shaft bottom of discharging fume is provided with the collection petticoat pipe, the collection petticoat pipe is including the discharge portion and the suction portion of inhaling the interior gaseous of tunnel of intercommunication shaft bottom of discharging fume, the suction portion bore is not less than the connecting portion bore.
Further, first heating mechanism includes first honeycomb duct and sets up the first liquid in first honeycomb duct, first honeycomb duct is followed the direction of height and is set up in the shaft of discharging fume by supreme circling down, first liquid is used for heating to the interior gas of shaft of discharging fume.
Further, a heat insulation layer for preventing heat loss is arranged between the smoke exhaust vertical shaft and the first flow guide pipe.
Further, the smoke exhaust shaft is communicated with the smoke collecting hood through a connecting part.
Further, the collection petticoat pipe is the toper structure that from top to bottom bore is crescent on the direction of height, the toper structure has the discharge portion and the suction portion that are linked together, the suction portion sets up in the discharge portion bottom along the direction of height, the collection petticoat pipe sets up in shaft one side of discharging fume along tunnel length direction, connecting portion communicate shaft bottom and discharge portion of discharging fume along tunnel length direction.
Further, the second heating mechanism comprises a second flow guide pipe and second liquid arranged in the second flow guide pipe, the second flow guide pipe is spirally arranged in the air supplementing vertical shaft from bottom to top along the height direction, and the second liquid is used for heating gas in the air supplementing vertical shaft.
Furthermore, the air supplementing vertical shaft is communicated with the bottom of the air guide part, and the air outlet is formed along the width direction of the tunnel so as to increase the air outlet area of the air outlet and prevent external air from entering the tunnel.
Further, the wind shielding devices are arranged in an approximately parallel mode along the length direction of the tunnel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a highway tunnel group disaster prevention system, for tunnel portals with close distance, considering the mutual influence of tunnel portal pollutants, combining 'discharging' and 'blocking', wherein 'discharging' is a set air exhaust device, and 'blocking' is a set wind shield device to control the channeling of pollutants between adjacent tunnels and ensure that a good air environment is continuously existed in the tunnels, the gas in the tunnels is exhausted through a smoke exhaust shaft 1 arranged at the top of a tunnel outlet and a first heating mechanism arranged in the smoke exhaust shaft 1, the polluted gas at the tunnel outlet is sucked into the smoke exhaust shaft 1 and exhausted, the tunnel pollutants are reduced to diffuse to the inlet of the next tunnel along with traffic flow, enter the tunnel for secondary pollution, the channeling of pollutants between adjacent tunnels is controlled, a wind guide part 23 arranged at the top of the tunnel inlet is communicated with a wind compensation shaft 2 at the bottom of the wind guide part 23 and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind compensation shaft 2, the tunnel pollution control device has the advantages that the diffusion of gas in an upstream tunnel to a downstream tunnel is prevented, tunnel pollutants are reduced to diffuse to an inlet of a next tunnel along with traffic flow, the tunnel pollutants enter the tunnel to be subjected to secondary pollution, the channeling of the pollutants between adjacent tunnels is controlled, a first safe slow platform 3 is arranged at an outlet of the exhaust vertical shaft 1 for exhausting internal gas, a ladder 31 convenient for overhauling an exhaust device is further arranged in the exhaust vertical shaft 1, the ladder 31 is connected to the ground and can also take the exhaust device as an escape way for fire in the tunnel, an escape channel is connected to the outside of the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, the escape channel is connected to a second safe slow platform 4, and the escape way and the escape speed in the fire are increased.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention,
in this embodiment, taking the highway tunnel group in the highland geothermal region as an example, the top and the bottom are the top and the bottom in the height direction, as shown in the figure, the highway tunnel group disaster prevention system in this embodiment
Comprises an air exhaust device and a wind shielding device; the wind shielding device comprises a wind guide part arranged at the top of the tunnel inlet, a wind supplementing vertical shaft communicated with the wind guide part and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the second heating mechanism is used for heating gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the wind guide part is provided with a wind outlet which is arranged towards the ground along the height direction, so that the gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft is heated and then discharged from the wind outlet, the external gas is prevented from directly entering the tunnel, and the exhaust device is used for discharging the gas in the tunnel. For tunnel portals close in distance, considering the mutual influence of tunnel portal pollutants, combining 'row' and 'block', wherein 'row' is a set exhaust device, and 'block' is a set wind shield device, so as to control the cross flow of pollutants between adjacent tunnels and ensure that a good air environment continuously exists in the tunnels, the scheme adopts a wind guide part 23 arranged at the top of a tunnel entrance to be communicated with a wind compensation vertical shaft 2 at the bottom of the wind guide part 23 and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind compensation vertical shaft 2, so as to realize the purpose of preventing the gas of an upstream tunnel from directly diffusing to a downstream tunnel, the wind compensation vertical shaft 2 is arranged at two sides or one side of the length direction of the tunnel along the width direction of the tunnel, the scheme is only arranged at one side of the tunnel entrance and provides a power source for generating a wind curtain for the wind guide part 23, the wind guide part 23 is arranged at the top of the tunnel entrance, and the second heating mechanism is powered by geothermal energy of a plateau region, the specific principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of heating gas in an air supplementing vertical shaft 2 to generate airflow from bottom to top, generating a chimney effect and having the advantage of accelerating air outlet efficiency, sucking the gas into the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 and discharging the gas from an air guide part 23, wherein the air guide part 23 is provided with an air outlet which is formed in the height direction and faces the ground, so that the gas in the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 is discharged from the air outlet to the ground to form an air curtain, thereby preventing the gas in an upstream tunnel from diffusing to a downstream tunnel, the air curtain provides power through the chimney effect, tunnel pollutants are reduced from diffusing to an inlet of a next tunnel along with traffic flow, enter the tunnel to carry out secondary pollution, and control the cross flow of pollutants between adjacent tunnels, a second safety buffering platform 4 is arranged at the inlet of the gas sucked into the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 by the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, an escape channel is connected to the outside the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, and is connected to the second safety buffering platform 4, the escape passage is matched with the second safe slow platform 4, the evacuation efficiency of people and the escape probability are further improved, when fire occurs in the tunnel, people can wait for rescue from the escape passage to the second safe slow platform 4, the second safe slow platform 4 is arranged, for the fire rescue of the tunnel group, as the alarm speed is generally low, the waiting time of people is long, and no space for people to wait safely exists in the tunnel, vehicles in the tunnel can be gradually increased along with the time, the road is blocked, the rescue is hindered, the fire can be diffused outwards along the entrance and the exit of the tunnel along with thick smoke, the visibility in the tunnel is reduced, certain potential safety hazard exists, the personal safety of all the people can not be ensured, and the people in the tunnel can be timely transferred to a safe area to wait for rescue at the first time, the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 is arranged at the bottom of a tunnel entrance and communicated with an air guide part 23 arranged at the top of the tunnel entrance, so that the air guide part 23 is provided with power for generating an air curtain by the chimney effect in the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, the air in the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 is discharged to the ground from an air outlet arranged towards the ground along the height direction, the air curtain is generated, the air in an upstream tunnel is prevented from being diffused to a downstream tunnel, the escape passage is a slide 41, the slide 41 is spirally arranged in the circumferential direction of the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 along the height direction of the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, the slide 41 is communicated with a second safety slow platform 4, the air supplementing vertical shaft 2, the air guide part 23 and the second safety slow platform 4 are made of concrete materials laid outside reinforcing steel bars, the escape vertical shaft, the air guide part 23 and the second safety slow platform 4 have the advantages of high structural strength and wide material adaptability, the second safety slow platform 4 can ensure the personal safety of escape personnel, and when a fire occurs in the tunnel, can accelerate to get rid of the foul gas in the tunnel by exhaust device to windshield has the ability of slowing down the entry of upper reaches tunnel pollutant in the tunnel low reaches tunnel, prevents that the condition of a fire from stretching to the low reaches tunnel, and the safe platform 4 of delaying of second is for personnel provide the safe place of waiting in the tunnel, protection personal safety, shaft open-top of discharging fume is in order to form the exhaust passage.
In this embodiment, exhaust device is including setting up in the shaft of discharging fume at tunnel exit top and setting up the first heating mechanism in the shaft of discharging fume, first heating mechanism is used for heating to the interior gas of shaft of discharging fume to make the interior gas of tunnel discharged fume the interior discharge of shaft by the suction. Exhaust device can also be the gaseous device in discharge tunnel such as axial fan, and this scheme adopts to set up in the shaft 1 of discharging fume at tunnel exit top and sets up the first heating mechanism in the shaft 1 of discharging fume, realizes the gas in the discharge tunnel, sets up exhaust device and the rimq device between adjacent tunnel and can make and have comparatively good ventilation and air inlet between the adjacent shorter tunnel, guarantees the fresh of gaseous in the tunnel, first heating mechanism is provided power by plateau geothermal energy area's geothermal energy, directly quotes the geothermal energy in plateau area for the energy saving, plays the environmental protection effect promptly, has practiced thrift a large amount of energy again, and its concrete principle does: the method has the advantages of heating the gas in the smoke exhaust shaft 1 to generate airflow from bottom to top, generating chimney effect and accelerating smoke exhaust efficiency, absorbing the polluted gas at the outlet of a tunnel into the smoke exhaust shaft 1 to be exhausted, reducing the diffusion of tunnel pollutants to the inlet of the next tunnel along with traffic flow, entering the tunnel to carry out secondary pollution, controlling the channeling of pollutants between adjacent tunnels, arranging a first safety buffer platform 3 at the outlet of the gas in the smoke exhaust shaft 1, arranging a ladder 31 convenient for overhauling an exhaust device in the smoke exhaust shaft 1, connecting the ladder 31 to the ground, using the exhaust device as an escape way for fire in the tunnel, climbing to the first safety buffer platform 3 to wait for rescue when fire occurs in the tunnel, arranging the first safety buffer platform 3 to help the fire in the tunnel group, because the police-giving speed is generally low, the waiting and rescuing time of personnel is long, no space for personnel to safely wait is available in the tunnel, vehicles in the tunnel gradually increase along with the passage of time, the road is blocked, the rescuing is hindered, the fire condition is accompanied by the diffusion of dense smoke along the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel, the visibility in the tunnel is reduced, certain potential safety hazard exists, and the personal safety of all personnel cannot be ensured, so the personnel in the tunnel are timely transferred to a safe area to wait for the rescuing in the first time, because the smoke-discharging shaft 1 is arranged at the top of the tunnel outlet, the smoke-discharging shaft 1 is built according to the mountain of the tunnel, sometimes, the smoke-discharging shaft 3 is also directly arranged on the mountain in order to save materials, the first safe buffer platform 3 is arranged on the mountain and connected with the smoke-discharging 1 to discharge internal gas, and the smoke-discharging shaft 1 and the first safe buffer platform 3 are manufactured by laying concrete materials outside the steel bar, have structural strength high material adaptability advantage such as wide, the personal safety that personnel of fleing can be guaranteed to first safe platform 3 of slowing down, when taking place the condition of a fire in the tunnel, can accelerate the foul gas in to the tunnel by exhaust device and get rid of to windshield has the ability that slows down upper reaches tunnel pollutant and get into the low reaches tunnel, prevents that the condition of a fire from spreading to the low reaches tunnel, and first safe platform 3 of slowing down then provides safe waiting place for personnel in the tunnel, protects personal safety, mend wind shaft bottom opening in order to form inlet air channel.
In this embodiment, the smoke collecting cover 14 is arranged at the bottom of the smoke exhaust shaft 1, the smoke collecting cover 14 comprises a discharge part communicated with the bottom of the smoke exhaust shaft and an intake part for sucking gas in the tunnel, and the caliber of the intake part is not less than that of the connecting part. The smoke collecting cover 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the smoke exhaust shaft 1, the smoke collecting cover 14 with the caliber of a suction part not smaller than the caliber of the connecting part 13 is arranged at the bottom of the smoke exhaust shaft 1, the smoke collecting cover is used for collecting smoke in the smoke collecting cover 14, the smoke suction phenomenon can be prevented, and the smoke exhaust efficiency is enhanced.
In this embodiment, the first heating mechanism includes a first draft tube 12 and a first liquid disposed in the first draft tube 12, the first draft tube 12 is spirally disposed in the smoke exhaust shaft 1 from bottom to top along the height direction, and the first liquid is used for heating the gas in the smoke exhaust shaft 1. The first liquid is geothermal spring water in a highland geothermal region, the geothermal spring water is directly transformed and guided by a water supply line in the prior art, the power source is a delivery pump in the prior art, and the high potential energy of the geothermal spring water also can provide the power source, so that the description is omitted, the first flow guide pipe 12 is spirally arranged from bottom to top, the water flow direction of the first flow guide pipe 12 is shown as the direction of an arrow 400 in the first flow guide pipe 12 in fig. 1, the inlet of the geothermal spring water is arranged at the outlet of the geothermal spring water from bottom to top, so that the temperature of the geothermal spring water is gradually reduced when the geothermal spring water heats the gas in the smoke exhaust vertical shaft 1 from bottom to top, the chimney effect is further improved, the smoke exhaust efficiency is accelerated, and the first heating mechanism can also be a heating device in the prior art, such as a resistance heating device, a heating furnace, a high-frequency heating device and the like, so that the gas in a tunnel is exhausted, and the description is omitted.
In this embodiment, a heat insulation layer 11 for preventing heat loss is disposed between the smoke exhaust shaft 1 and the first flow guide pipe 12. The heat insulation layer 11 is made of hard polyurethane foam, so that heat loss can be reduced, smoke exhaust efficiency can be further improved, and the heat insulation layer can also be made of other materials with heat insulation functions such as heat insulation bricks, and further description is omitted here.
In this embodiment, shaft 1 that discharges fume communicates smoke collecting cover 14 through connecting portion 13, connecting portion 13 fixed connection shaft 1 that discharges fume and smoke collecting cover 14, connecting portion 13 and shaft 1 that discharges fume are made by reinforced concrete processing simultaneously, also spiral in connecting portion 13 and the smoke collecting cover 14 and be provided with first honeycomb duct 12, first honeycomb duct 12 gets into from smoke collecting cover 14, and spirals gradually along the direction of height and stretch out from shaft 1 that discharges fume, smoke collecting cover 14 is the toper structure that bore gradually enlarges from top to bottom on the direction of height, the toper structure has discharge portion and the suction portion that is linked together, the suction portion sets up in the discharge portion bottom along the direction of height, smoke collecting cover 14 sets up in shaft 1 one side of discharging fume along tunnel length direction, connecting portion 13 communicates shaft 1 bottom and the discharge portion of discharging fume along tunnel length direction. The connecting part 13 is connected between the smoke exhaust shaft 1 and the smoke collecting cover 14 in a step shape, so that a certain distance exists between the smoke exhaust shaft 1 and the smoke collecting cover 14, gas backflow is further prevented, the smoke exhaust rate is increased, the smoke collecting cover 14 is in a conical shape, the suction part can increase the gas collecting area, the smoke exhaust rate is increased, and the wind direction spreading from the outside to the smoke collecting cover is as the direction of an arrow 100 in fig. 1.
In this embodiment, the second heating mechanism includes a second flow guide pipe 22 and a second liquid disposed in the second flow guide pipe 22, the second flow guide pipe 22 is spirally disposed in the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 from bottom to top along the height direction, and the second liquid is used for heating the gas in the air supplementing vertical shaft 2. The second liquid is geothermal spring water in a highland geothermal region, the geothermal spring water is directly transformed and guided by a water supply line in the prior art, the second flow guide pipe 22 is spirally arranged from bottom to top, the water flow direction of the geothermal spring water is shown as the direction of an arrow 500 in the second flow guide pipe 22 in fig. 1, the inlet of the geothermal spring water is arranged at the outlet of the geothermal spring water from bottom to top, so that the temperature of the geothermal spring water is gradually reduced when the geothermal spring water heats the gas in the smoke exhaust shaft 1 from bottom to top, the chimney effect is further improved, and the air outlet efficiency of the air outlet is accelerated. And a heat insulation mechanism 21 for preventing heat loss is arranged between the air supplementing vertical shaft 2 and the second guide pipe 22. The heat insulation mechanism 21 is made of hard polyurethane foam, so that heat loss can be reduced, air outlet efficiency is further improved, and other materials with heat insulation functions such as heat insulation bricks can be used, and are not described herein any more, and the second heating mechanism can also be a heating device in the prior art, such as a resistance heating device, a heating furnace, a high-frequency heating device and the like, so that air in the exhaust air supplementing vertical shaft forms an air curtain to block air in the upstream tunnel from entering the downstream tunnel, and are not described herein any more.
In this embodiment, the air supplement shaft is communicated with the bottom of the air guide part, and the air outlet is formed along the width direction of the tunnel to increase the air outlet area of the air outlet so as to prevent external air from entering the tunnel. The air outlet is opened towards the upstream tunnel outlet, so that the air outlet of the air outlet blows out towards the upstream tunnel outlet and is opposite to the driving direction, meanwhile, the air speed of the driving wind direction interferes with the air outlet speed from the air outlet, so that an air curtain for blocking the air in the upstream tunnel from entering the downstream tunnel from the downstream tunnel inlet is formed, the air quality in the downstream tunnel is guaranteed, the wind direction spreading from the air outlet to the external environment is as the direction of an arrow 200 in fig. 1, and the traffic flow direction is the direction of an arrow 300 in fig. 1.
In this embodiment, two wind shielding devices are arranged approximately in parallel along the length direction of the tunnel. The approximately parallel extension means that manufacturing errors can be allowed on the basis of parallel, and are not repeated herein, the arrangement of the two wind shielding devices can further improve the wind shielding effect, and the effect of double filtering of air entering the tunnel is achieved, so that the quality of the air in the downstream tunnel is ensured.
In this embodiment, the difference between the thermal energy of the geothermal spring water flowing into the flow guide pipe and the thermal energy of the geothermal spring water flowing out of the flow guide pipe is as follows: q ═ CWater (W)mWater (W)(T1-T2) According to the principle of energy conservation, the heat energy of the hot spring water is converted into the kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy of the air, considering part of the heat loss in the process,
then
Wherein m isWater (W)＝ρWater (W)vWater (W)πr2，mAir (a)＝ρAir (a)vAir (a)S；
Then
Q' -energy transferred to the air, KJ; 0.8-heat energy reduction coefficient; cWater (W)-specific heat of water, KJ/(kg.k); rhoWater (W)Density of water, kg/m3；νWater (W)-flow velocity of water, m/s; r-radius of the draft tube (first draft tube 12/second draft tube 22), m; t is1The temperature at which the geothermal spring water flows in is at DEG C; t is2The temperature of the geothermal spring water at the temperature of flowing out is DEG C; rhoAir (a)Density of air, kg/m3；νAir (a)-the velocity of the air, m/s; s-area of air curtain opening (caliber of suction part/caliber of air outlet), m2(ii) a g-acceleration of gravity, kg/m3(ii) a h-the height of the shaft (height of the smoke exhaust shaft 1/height of the air supplement shaft 2), m; cAir (a)-specific heat of air, KJ/(kg.k); t is1-ambient temperature, ° c; t is2-the temperature of the heated air, deg.c;
the radius r of the local hot spring water pipe is 0.05m, and the opening area of the air curtain is 2m2Shaft height h of 10m and water flow speed vWater (W)1m/s, the wind curtain corresponds to different wind speeds (T)2-T1) And (T)1-T2) As shown in the following table:
in the prior art, the annual average temperature of a plateau low-heat area is 5.0-8.4 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is 29.9 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is-25.1 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month is 12.7-15.4 ℃, and the average temperature of the coldest month is-4.6-1.9 ℃; the temperature of the geothermal spring water is generally not lower than 60 ℃, the pipeline from the geothermal spring water collecting point to the vertical shaft adopts glass wool felt for heat insulation and heat preservation, and the heat transfer coefficient h' is 0.05W/square meter ·K, the heat loss of the geothermal spring water in the transfer process is QLoss of power＝CWater (W)mWater (W)(T0-T1)，
According to the theorem of conservation of energy:
Qloss of power＝CWater (W)mWater (W)(T0-T1)＝Ah′(T0-T1')，A＝2πrL，
Then Q isLoss of power＝CWater (W)mWater (W)(T0-T1)＝2πrLh′(T0-T1')，
I.e. CWater (W)ρWater (W)πr2vWater (W)(T0-T1)＝2πrLh′(T0-T1')，
Wherein A-surface area of the pipe, m2L is the length of pipeline from water sampling point to vertical shaft, m, h' is heat transfer coefficient, W/square meter K, T0Temperature of water flow at the point of sampling, DEG C, CWater (W)-specific heat of water, KJ/(kg.k); rhoWater (W)Density of water, kg/m3；vWater (W)-flow velocity of water, m/s; r-radius of the draft tube (first draft tube 12/second draft tube 22), m; t is1The temperature at which the geothermal spring water flows in is at DEG C; t'1-ambient temperature, c. When the temperature of the hot spring water at the water collection point is 60 ℃ and the ambient temperature is 10 ℃, the relationship between the distance of the hot spring water transferred to the vertical shaft and the temperature is
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A highway tunnel crowd disaster prevention system which characterized in that: comprises an air exhaust device and a wind shielding device; the wind shielding device comprises a wind guide part arranged at the top of the tunnel inlet, a wind supplementing vertical shaft communicated with the wind guide part and a second heating mechanism arranged in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the second heating mechanism is used for heating gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft, the wind guide part is provided with a wind outlet which is arranged towards the ground along the height direction, so that the gas in the wind supplementing vertical shaft is heated and then discharged from the wind outlet, the external gas is prevented from directly entering the tunnel, and the wind exhaust device is used for discharging the gas in the tunnel; the air exhaust device comprises a smoke exhaust shaft arranged at the top of the tunnel outlet and a first heating mechanism arranged in the smoke exhaust shaft, and the first heating mechanism is used for heating the gas in the smoke exhaust shaft so that the gas in the tunnel is sucked into the smoke exhaust shaft and exhausted; the first heating mechanism comprises a first guide pipe and first liquid arranged in the first guide pipe, the first guide pipe is spirally arranged in the smoke exhaust shaft from bottom to top along the height direction, and the first liquid is used for heating gas in the smoke exhaust shaft.
2. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein: the shaft bottom of discharging fume is provided with the collection petticoat pipe, the collection petticoat pipe is including the discharge portion and the suction portion of inhaling the interior gaseous of tunnel of intercommunication shaft bottom of discharging fume, suction portion bore is not less than connecting portion bore.
3. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein: and a heat insulation layer for preventing heat loss is arranged between the smoke exhaust vertical shaft and the first flow guide pipe.
4. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 2, wherein: the smoke exhaust shaft is communicated with the smoke collecting hood through a connecting part.
5. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 4, wherein: the collection petticoat pipe is the toper structure that from top to bottom bore gradually increases on the direction of height, the toper structure has the discharge portion and the suction portion that are linked together, the suction portion sets up in the discharge portion bottom along the direction of height, the collection petticoat pipe sets up in shaft one side of discharging fume along tunnel length direction, connecting portion discharge fume shaft bottom and discharge portion along tunnel length direction intercommunication.
6. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein: the second heating mechanism comprises a second flow guide pipe and second liquid arranged in the second flow guide pipe, the second flow guide pipe is spirally arranged in the air supplementing vertical shaft from bottom to top along the height direction, and the second liquid is used for heating gas in the air supplementing vertical shaft.
7. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 6, wherein: the air supplementing vertical shaft is communicated with the bottom of the air guide part, and the air outlet is formed in the width direction of the tunnel so as to increase the air outlet area of the air outlet and prevent outside air from entering the tunnel.
8. The highway tunnel group disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein: two wind shielding devices are arranged in an approximately parallel mode along the length direction of the tunnel.
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| CN112963190B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2023-05-16 | 重庆交通大学 | Air exhaust device for tunnel |
| CN113058180B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Staged fire extinguishing and rescuing system and method for high-altitude tunnel |
| CN113482696A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-08 | 南京市公共工程建设中心 | Tunnel natural smoke discharging vertical shaft smoke storage device |
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| CN101244323A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-20 | 蔡荣锋 | Long channel water fire extinguishing system and method |
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| CN101463731B (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2011-02-09 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | High-speed thermal circulation air curtain construction method for tunnel portal |
| CN102425444B (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-11-26 | 上海市隧道工程轨道交通设计研究院 | Recycling-type tunnel smoke prevention device |
| CN203925559U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-11-05 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Overlength Subway Tunnel ventilation smoke exhaust structure |
| CN104929672B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2019-08-09 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Compound underground ring corridor fire prevention isolation device and method |
| KR101745214B1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-09 | 현대건설주식회사 | Air curtain type fire smoke partition apparatus |
| CN106401644B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-11-30 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of tunnel in cold area air curtain Heat preservation system |
| CN206592149U (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-10-27 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | A kind of tunnel fire hazard escape refuge chamber |
| CN107355249A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-17 | 耿业津 | The natural ventilation system and method for traffic tunnel, subway or underground construction tunnel |
| CN208184769U (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-12-04 | 上海进贤机电科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated tunnel air purification and smoke evacuation system |
| CN110593936B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2021-03-30 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | Air curtain smoke prevention and exhaust system for tunnel and method for tunnel smoke prevention and exhaust by using system |
| CN108952798B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-10-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of railway breakdown station with smoke controlling and personnel's emergency evacuation function |
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