CN111760381A - 利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法及应用 - Google Patents
利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111760381A CN111760381A CN202010522592.9A CN202010522592A CN111760381A CN 111760381 A CN111760381 A CN 111760381A CN 202010522592 A CN202010522592 A CN 202010522592A CN 111760381 A CN111760381 A CN 111760381A
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- tailings
- tank body
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- water
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001579 aluminosilicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVXIVWJIJSNCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L aluminum;calcium;sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GVXIVWJIJSNCJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052892 hornblende Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
- B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,即将预处理的铜尾矿、水、改性剂、粘合剂混合制成含水率为10%~30%的生料,再经过注模、焙烧,制得过滤材料,在解决金属尾矿综合利用率低等问题的前提下制备节能环保型过滤材料,并将其应用于矿山精矿的过滤脱水及煤炭、精细化工、造纸、制药、化纤、食品、环保等行业的固液分离,进而高效地实现尾矿资源化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境功能材料领域,具体涉及一种利用尾矿制备节能环保型过滤材料的方法及应用。
背景技术
矿产资源具有不可替代性和不可再生性,随着社会发展需求的增加和对矿产资源的不断开发,矿产资源面临着枯竭的危机。我国85%以上的能源和原材料依赖于矿产资源,由于我国矿产中难选矿较多,生产加工技术水平和开发利用率低,矿产资源损失和浪费现象严重,产生尾矿数量庞大。我国金属尾矿的综合利用率低于10%,与国外尾矿60%的利用率差距较大,大量尾矿堆放在尾矿库和一些自然场地中,带来了资源枯竭和环境污染等问题。尾矿已成为我国工业目前产出量最大、综合利用率最低的大宗固体废弃物。
已知尾矿主要成分是硅酸盐颗粒和粘土,其中硅酸盐颗粒中二氧化硅含量 70%以上,铝、钠、镁钙的氧化物占约40%以下,大多数尾矿的二氧化硅天然含量极高。尾矿在提取有用元素后,仍留下大量无提取价值的废料,这些废料并非真的无应用价值,实际上是一种“复合”的矿物原料。它们主要有非金属矿物石英、长石、石榴子石、角闪石、辉石以及由其蚀变而成的黏土、云母类铝硅酸盐矿物和方解石、白云石等钙镁碳酸盐矿物;化学成分有硅、铝、钙、镁的氧化物和少量钾、钠、铁、硫的氧化物等。
2016年,201610031832.9公开了一种锑尾矿渣加气混凝土砌块及其制备方法,本发明以锑矿选矿过程中产生的大量尾矿渣为主要原料,加入适当配料,并采用适宜的制备方法,制成建筑用混凝土砌块,既减轻了工业废渣对环境的污染,又为建筑工程增加了新材料。但混凝土砌块只是简单的作为建筑材料,会产生废弃土石方,甚至在雨水的冲刷下会把锑尾矿的重金属浸出来,对土壤和地下水造成慢性污染。
2012年,201210338851.8公开了一种利用尾矿中硅酸盐颗粒生产柔性防渗材料的制备方法,利用尾矿中硅酸盐颗粒表面的电子吸附特性和烷烃有机化合物稳定的斥水性,把这些憎水性的有机大分子,通过与硅酸盐颗粒混合吸附镶嵌到二氧化硅颗粒表面后,使得二氧化硅颗粒表面具有排斥水分子的作用,因此将烷烃类有机物分子通过共价键的络合力镶嵌在硅酸盐矿物颗粒的表面,就可以得到颗粒状防渗材料;但该颗粒防渗材料需要一定的基础才能构建为防渗层,而且当基础被破坏时可能会产生二次污染。
因此,需要一种能够有效利用尾矿制备节能环保型材料并无二次污染的方法,实现尾矿的高效资源化利用。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种利用铜尾矿制备节能环保型过滤材料的方法,即将预处理的铜尾矿、水、改性剂、粘合剂混合制成含水率为10%~30%的生料,再经过注模、焙烧,最终制得过滤材料,本方法能高效地实现尾矿的资源化利用。
本发明方法包括以下步骤:
(1)铜尾矿预处理:用去离子水反复清洗尾矿,使其pH升高到7~8为止;再将尾矿烘干、粉碎、筛分至粒径小于0.1mm,备用;
(2)生料制备:将预处理的尾矿粉末、水、改性剂、粘合剂混合搅拌制成含水率为10%~30%的生料;
(3)将搅拌好的生料倒入模板中,用1~3MPa的压力压铸成型;
(4)成型物料焙烧制得过滤材料。
所述铜尾矿用去离子水反复清洗是为了除去铜尾矿沙砾中易溶于水的物质和悬浮物。
所述尾矿在100~110℃下进行烘干,烘干一方面是为了脱除水分,另一方面是为了除去残留在尾矿表面上的易蒸发的其他物质,避免在高温下影响合成材料的结合。
所述粉碎是将烘干的尾矿用强度较大的机械物理手段把颗粒粒径较大的尾矿粉碎成小于0.1mm的颗粒,尾矿中含有多种金属氧化物,且大部分是以晶体的形式存在,结构相对比较稳定,通过高强度机械作用,把其晶格破碎,再和粘性剂结合,便于在高温下形成新的晶体结构。
所述改性剂为碳粉、碳粉与水玻璃、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺中一种或任意比几种的混合物,碳粉在改性剂质量中占3~10%,改性剂的添加量为尾矿粉末质量的0.1%~10%。
所述粘性剂为超细高岭土、粘土等,添加量为尾矿质量的10%~20%。
所述焙烧温度为900~1200℃,升温速率为15℃/min~35℃/min,焙烧时间为2~4h。
所述铜尾矿是由矿石经粉碎、精选后所剩下的细粉沙粒组成,其含有大量的SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3等氧化物。SiO2能形成定形态和不定形态多种晶体,具有光电效应,是一种良好的材料添加剂,是防火材料和烧制瓷器的良好添加剂,Al2O3在高温下能形成多形态的离子晶体,是一种优良的增强剂;CaO是一种助溶剂,而且能具有吸湿性;Fe2O3用作磁性材料、颜料及制取还原剂、抛光剂、催化剂等;多种重金属氧化物在高温下能形成结构稳定的多金属混合晶体,孔隙率大,比表面积增大,机械强度大。
本发明用去离子水反复清洗尾矿,使pH升高到7~8为止,除去尾矿沙砾中易溶于水的物质和悬浮物;将尾矿烘干,除去残留在尾矿表面上的水份以及易蒸发的其他物质,避免在高温下影响合成材料的结合;将尾矿粉碎和筛分,通过高强度机械作用,把其晶格破碎;再将尾矿与水、改性剂、粘合剂等混合搅拌制成含水率为10%~30%的生料,再将生料倒入安装好既定板型的钢模板中,用1~3MPa的压力压铸成型;生料焙烧,在中高温下生成的铁氧化物可以与作为改性剂加入其中的碳质发生化学反应,产生气体,从而在轻集料内部留下孔洞,另外反应生成的FeO也是很好的助溶剂,可以促进液相形成,实现发泡,制备成孔隙率大、比表面积增大、机械强度大的新型节能环保型过滤滤板。
本发明另一目的是将上述过滤材料应用在矿山精矿的过滤脱水及煤炭、精细化工、造纸、制药、化纤、食品、环保等行业的固液分离。
完成上述应用的装置包括过滤池、废水电解装置、集料槽,所述过滤池包括鼓气装置、气阀、挡板、过滤材料、反冲洗装置、池体,池体顶部开有进口,鼓气装置设置在池体顶部并与其连通,气阀设置在池体顶部,过滤材料为板状,板状的过滤材料倾斜设置在距池体底部三分之一处,反冲洗装置设置在过滤材料和池体底部之间,池体一侧开有出口,出口处设置有挡板,集料槽设置在池体一侧并位于出口下方,过滤材料向出口倾斜,池体底部开有出水口Ⅰ,废水电解装置包括槽体、DC电源、阳极、阴极,出水口Ⅰ通过管道与废水电解装置的槽体连通,管道上设置有污水泵和阀门Ⅰ,槽体底部设置有出水口Ⅱ,出水口Ⅱ上设置有阀门Ⅱ,DC电源设置在槽体顶部,阳极、阴极设置在槽体内并与DC电源连接。
所述鼓气装置是为了增加过滤时的压力,加压时间10~15min,使反应器内压力在2~5Mpa。
所述气阀是为了防止反冲洗过程内部气压过大,用于平衡气压。
所述废水电解过程中的阴极为高纯石墨,阳极为铁电极或铝电极,且为消耗型电极材料,阳极和阴极的间距为35~45cm,直流电压为10~15V。
所述废水电解过程中的阴极在处理过程结束后,将其取出并将电极上的重金属清除,该电极可重复使用。
使用时打开提供直流电压的DC电源时,在电场作用下,阳极发生氧化反应,阴极发生还原反应,所以带正电的重金属离子则在电场作用下向着阴极方向移动,而且发生还原反应附着在阴极上,进而实现重金属的分离。
本发明的优点和技术效果:
1、该材料属于尾矿的资源化利用,减少尾矿对环境的污染,变废为宝,提高了尾矿经济价值,把污染环境的尾矿转变为对环境有利的新型节能环保型材料;
2、该材料的烧制工艺简单,容易制得;结构稳定,以多种稳定的晶体结构存在;而且可以使用简单的反冲洗,反复使用;
3、该材料具有高的孔隙率,过滤孔径均匀稳定,机械强度高、化学性能稳定、耐磨性能好、阻力小、抗堵塞,而且效能高、产率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明新型节能环保型过滤材料的应用图;
图中:1-进口、2-鼓气装置、3-气阀、4-挡板、5-过滤材料、6-反冲洗装置、7-集料槽、8-阀门Ⅰ、9-污水泵、10-出水口Ⅰ、11-废水电解装置、12-阀门Ⅱ、13-出水口Ⅱ、14-池体、15-DC电源、16-阴极、17-阳极。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点会随着描述而更加清楚;但这些实施例仅是示范性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制;本领域技术人员应当理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明的技术方案的细节和形式进行修改和替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1:本利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法及处理含水率99%的污泥,步骤如下:
铜尾矿的化学成分如表所示:
(1)铜尾矿预处理:用去离子水反复清洗尾矿,使pH升高到7为止;尾矿在105℃下烘干、粉碎、筛分至粒径小于0.1mm,备用;
(2)生料制备:将预处理的尾矿、水、改性剂、粘合剂混合搅拌制成含水率为20%的生料;
(3)生料注模:将搅拌好的生料倒入安装好的板型钢模板中,用2MPa的压力压铸成型;
(4)生料焙烧制备成新型的节能环保型过滤材料。
具体内容为:用去离子水反复清洗铜尾矿,使pH升高到7为止,除去尾矿沙砾中易溶于水的物质和悬浮物;在105℃下将尾矿烘干,保证脱除水分的同时除去残留在尾矿表面上的易蒸发的其他物质,避免在高温下影响合成材料的结合;将尾矿粉碎和筛分,通过高强度机械作用,把其晶格破碎;再将尾矿、水、碳粉(添加量为尾矿粉末质量的5%)、超细高岭土(添加量为尾矿质量的10%)混合搅拌制成含水率为20%的生料,再将生料倒入安装好既定板型的钢模板中,用2MPa的压力压铸成型;生料以25℃/min的升温速率在1000℃焙烧3h,在中高温下生成的铁氧化物可以与作为改性剂加入其中的碳粉发生化学反应,产生气体,从而在轻集料内部留下孔洞,另外反应生成的FeO也是很好的助溶剂,可以促进液相形成,实现发泡,制备成孔隙率大、比表面积增大、机械强度大的新型节能环保型过滤滤板。
如图1所示,完成上述材料的应用装置包括过滤池、废水电解装置11、集料槽7,其中过滤池包括鼓气装置2、气阀3、挡板4、过滤材料5、反冲洗装置6、池体14,池体14顶部开有进口1,鼓气装置2设置在池体14顶部并与其连通,气阀3设置在池体14顶部并与其连通,过滤材料5为板状,板状的过滤材料5倾斜设置在距池体底部三分之一处,反冲洗装置6设置在过滤材料5和池体底部之间,池体14一侧开有出口,出口处设置有挡板4,集料槽7设置在池体一侧并位于出口下方,过滤材料5向出口倾斜,池体14底部开有出水口Ⅰ10且池体14底部向出水口Ⅰ倾斜,废水电解装置11包括槽体、DC电源15、阳极17、阴极16,出水口Ⅰ10通过管道与废水电解装置11的槽体连通,管道上设置有污水泵9和阀门Ⅰ8,槽体底部设置有出水口Ⅱ13,出水口Ⅱ13上设置有阀门Ⅱ12,DC电源设置在槽体顶部,阳极、阴极设置在槽体内并与DC电源连接;阴极为高纯石墨,阳极为铁电极,阳极和阴极的间距为40cm,直流电压为14V;
污泥通过进口1进入池体14中,此时启动鼓气装置2加压10min,污泥在滤板上过滤4h后打开气阀3,当气压稳定后打开挡板4排放污泥至集料槽7中;在过滤的同时,过滤出来的废水通过出水口Ⅰ10进入废水电解装置中,废水经电解处理后通过出水口Ⅱ13排出。
通过以上装置的处理,实现污泥的脱水及重金属的脱除,结果见下表:
实施例2:本利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法及处理矿浆浓度10~15%的尾矿
铜尾矿的化学成分如表所示:
用去离子水反复清洗铜尾矿,使pH升高到8为止,除去尾矿沙砾中易溶于水的物质和悬浮物;在110℃下将尾矿烘干,保证脱除水分的同时除去残留在尾矿表面上的易蒸发的其他物质,避免在高温下影响合成材料的结合;将尾矿粉碎和筛分,通过高强度机械作用,把其晶格破碎;再将预处理的尾矿粉末、水、硫酸钠和碳粉(硫酸钠和碳粉添加量各为尾矿粉末质量的3%)、粘土(添加量为尾矿质量的15%)等混合搅拌制成含水率为30%的生料,再将生料倒入安装好既定板型的钢模板中,用2.5MPa的压力压铸成型;生料以35℃/min的升温速率在1100℃焙烧4h,在中高温下生成的铁氧化物可以与作为改性剂加入其中的碳质发生化学反应(其中作为改性剂的硫酸钠使水化产物硫酸铝酸钙更快地生成,从而加快了生料的水化硬化程度),产生气体,从而在轻集料内部留下孔洞,另外反应生成的FeO也是很好的助溶剂,可以促进液相形成,实现发泡,制备成孔隙率大、比表面积增大、机械强度大的新型节能环保型过滤滤板。
完成上述材料的应用装置同实施例1,不同在于阳极为铝电极,尾矿通过进口1进入池体14中,此时启动鼓气装置2加压10min,污泥在滤板上过滤4h后打开气阀3,当气压稳定后打开挡板4排放污泥至集料槽7中;在过滤的同时,过滤出来的废水通过出水口Ⅰ10进入废水电解装置中,废水经电解处理后通过出水口Ⅱ13排出。
通过以上装置的处理,实现污泥的脱水及重金属的脱除,结果见下表:
Claims (9)
1.一种利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)铜尾矿预处理
用去离子水反复清洗尾矿,使其pH升高到7~8为止;再将尾矿烘干、粉碎、筛分至粒径小于0.1mm,备用;
(2)生料制备
将预处理的尾矿粉末、水、改性剂、粘合剂混合搅拌制成含水率为10%~30%的生料;
(3)将搅拌好的生料倒入模板中,用1~3MPa的压力压铸成型;
(4)成型物料焙烧制得过滤材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,其特征在于:尾矿在100~110℃下进行烘干。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,其特征在于:改性剂为碳粉、碳粉与水玻璃、硫酸钠、三乙醇胺中一种或任意比几种的混合物,碳粉在改性剂质量中占3~10%,改性剂的添加量为尾矿粉末质量的0.1%~10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,其特征在于:粘合剂为超细高岭土或粘土,添加量为尾矿质量的10%~20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法,其特征在于:以15℃/min~35℃/min的升温速率升温至900~1200℃焙烧2~4h。
6.权利要求1~5中任一项所述的利用铜尾矿制备过滤材料的方法制得的过滤材料在污泥或尾矿的固液分离中的应用。
7.完成权利要求6所述应用的装置,其特征在于:包括过滤池、废水电解装置(11)、集料槽(7),所述过滤池包括鼓气装置(2)、气阀(3)、挡板(4)、过滤材料(5)、反冲洗装置(6)、池体(14),池体(14)顶部开有进口(1),鼓气装置(2)设置在池体(14)顶部并与其连通,气阀(3)设置在池体(14)顶部,过滤材料(5)为板状,板状的过滤材料(5)倾斜设置在距池体底部三分之一处,反冲洗装置(6)设置在过滤材料(5)和池体底部之间,池体(14)一侧开有出口,出口处设置有挡板(4),集料槽(7)设置在池体一侧并位于出口下方,过滤材料(5)向出口倾斜,池体(14)底部开有出水口Ⅰ(10)且池体(14)底部向出水口Ⅰ倾斜,废水电解装置(11)包括槽体、DC电源、阳极、阴极,出水口Ⅰ(10)通过管道与废水电解装置(11)的槽体连通,管道上设置有污水泵(9)和阀门Ⅰ(8),槽体底部设置有出水口Ⅱ(13),出水口Ⅱ(13)上设置有阀门Ⅱ(12),DC电源设置在槽体顶部,阳极、阴极设置在槽体内并与DC电源连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于:鼓气装置是为了增加过滤时的压力,加压时间10~15min,使反应器内压力在2~5Mpa。
9.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于:阴极为高纯石墨,阳极为铁电极或铝电极,阳极和阴极的间距为35~45cm,直流电压为10~15V。
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