CN111758733A - 一种柑橘溃疡病的修复剂 - Google Patents
一种柑橘溃疡病的修复剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种感觉溃疡病的修复剂,该修复剂主要包括以下原料:FG‑β超敏蛋白修复因子、诱抗素和藻蓝蛋白。本发明的产品通过三者协同作用,从根源上抑制有害细胞的扩张,通过提高免疫力,加速对溃疡伤口的修复。控制住外围黄晕区域的发展趋势才是根治柑橘溃疡病的关键管控方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉属于农业溃疡病的治疗修复领域,并具体涉及一种溃疡病的修复制剂。
背景技术
柑橘溃疡病的细菌侵染芸香科柑橘属、枳属和金柑属的植物。其中,甜橙、酸橙、葡萄柚、柚、来檬、枳和枳橙高度易感病,柠檬中度易感病,宽皮柑橘较抗病,香橼和金柑高度抗病或免疫。
此菌的生物特性为:革兰氏染色阴性,好气杆菌,0.5-0.75×1.5-2.0μm,极生单鞭毛;在2%蔗糖-蛋白胨琼脂上产生大量黄色沾液,菌落黄色、圆形、表面光滑、稍隆起;能水解明胶、酪蛋白和淀粉,水解七叶苷,不能还原硝酸盐;病菌生长适宜温度为20-30℃,最低5-10℃,最高35℃,致死温度为55℃10分钟;最适酸度为pH6.6。柑橘溃疡病菌分为不同的致病型、血清型和遗传型菌株,通常分成以下几个菌系∶A菌系(CBCD-A,亚洲型溃疡病或真正溃疡病型),分布于除地中海盆地和美国之外的大部分柑桔种植区;B菌系(CBCD-B,假溃疡病型),分布于阿根延和乌拉圭;C菌系(CBCD-C,墨西哥来檬型),分布于巴西和巴拉圭;D菌系(CBCD-D)分布于墨西哥;和E菌系(CBDB-E,柑橘细菌性叶斑病)分布于美国佛罗里达州。Gabriel等于1989年根据染色体DNA限制性酶切片段多形性的区别提出∶把A菌系提升到种的水平,命名为Xanthomonas citri;把B、C、D菌系命名为Xanthomonas campestrispv.aurantifolia;把E菌系命名为Xanthomonas campestris pv.citrumelo。但是,1990年Vauterin等和1991年Young等提出不同意见,认为还不能这样进行分类。亚洲型的A菌系毒力最强,分布最广,侵染许多芸香科的寄主。B菌系虽然也侵染柑橘属的寄主,但在阿根廷、乌拉圭和巴拉圭主要侵染柠檬,可能与降低致病力的A菌系有关。在巴西,C菌系主要侵染来檬(C.aurantifolia)。柑橘溃疡病的变异体与不同菌系型的病害有关,可以通过血清学、噬菌体分型、质粒DNA含量、染色体DNA指纹图谱、限制性酶切片段的多型性、脂肪酸构成、同功酶含量和氨基肽酶活性来区分。
市面上有很多关于溃疡病的治疗药物,主要以化学和生物杀菌剂为主。事实上,柑橘溃疡病的病变区域分为中心溃烂区和外围黄晕区两大板块。而无论是化学的还是生物的杀菌剂,这些传统的杀菌剂的共同点都是只有对溃疡中心的治疗作用,没有对周边黄晕修复的功能,没有真正意义上对溃疡病进行治疗并阻止其发展趋势,一旦外界条件适宜,溃疡病还会迅速蔓延扩散。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提出对溃疡病分为中心治疗区域和外围黄晕修复两大板块,从而达到对溃疡病真正意义上的攻克。为此,本发明提供一种高效、广谱生物杀菌修复剂,具有预防保护和内吸治疗双重功效;本发明的保护成分能在植物和果实表面上形成一层致密的高分子保护膜,对多种病原菌有强烈的抑制和阻碍作用;治疗成分能通过枝干传导到达果实内部,直接阻碍病原蛋白质的合成,导致其死亡。本发明的产品保护致密,内吸性强,连续使用不易产生抗药性,即使在多雨季节使用,仍可保持较强的内吸药效。
为解决现有技术中的技术问题,本发明是采用先进的创面修复技术,特别加入FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子、从深海蓝藻中提取的藻蓝蛋白和细胞诱抗素,其中蓝藻细胞和诱抗素均能促进植物细胞叶绿素的合成,调控叶片溃疡伤口生长发育,提高植株抗病能力,使作物叶片增强光合作用,从而使溃疡面周边黄晕迅速转绿,溃疡面不再扩散,进而达到溃疡修复的作用,配合生物体本身所需的FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子,进一步提高植物自身免疫能力,加速修复伤口的健康生长。
具体地,本发明提供一种柑橘溃疡病的修复剂,主要包括:FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子、诱抗素和藻蓝蛋白。
其中,FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子选自嘧啶核苷酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种。其中,其衍生物为生物体中普遍存在的胞嘧啶核苷酸、尿嘧啶核苷酸等。
进一步地,本发明的诱抗素为脱落酸。
超浓缩细胞诱抗素的化学式为:
脱落酸是一种具有倍半萜羧酸结构的植物天然生长调节物质,是植物体的“抗逆免疫因子”。诱抗素能够启动植物本身的抗逆基因,诱导激活植物体内的抗逆免疫系统,提高植物自身对干旱、寒冷、病虫害、盐碱的抗性,是植物体的“抗逆免疫因子”。
进一步地,本发明运用了独特的多肽藻蓝素蛋白。
藻蓝蛋白(又称藻蓝素),藻蓝蛋白的主要成分为蓝藻中卟啉类色素蛋白,是螺旋藻中的一种蓝色色素。其制备为:用蓝藻类螺旋属的宽胞节旋藻孢子在pH8.5~11下,以碳酸盐或二氧化碳为碳源的培养基中,30~35℃下通气培养而得藻体,经干燥后用水抽提其中的色素和可溶性蛋白质,抽提液经真空浓缩后,喷雾干燥而成。
藻蓝蛋白作为一类光敏蛋白,是藻类细胞中的捕光天线,并且有丰富的营养和全面的氨基酸组成。藻蓝蛋白的产品用在叶面施肥上,可明显促进植物进行光合作用,同时由于光能对藻蓝蛋白产生光动力、光激发而发生光敏反应,使产品具有抗病毒抗菌作用。
因此,具体地,本发明的修复剂按重量百分比计主要包括以下原料:FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子(嘧啶核苷酸及其衍生物)30-50%、诱抗素(脱落酸)15-25%和藻蓝蛋白5-15%,余量为水。
优选地,本发明的修复剂按重量百分比计主要包括以下原料::FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子(嘧啶核苷酸及其衍生物等)40%、诱抗素(脱落酸)20%和藻蓝蛋白10%,余量为水。
其中,本发明的上述原材料均为市售可得原料。
同时,本发明还提供了上述修复剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子倒入反应仓内加入水稀释,同时开启搅拌器,机械搅拌10-20分钟,形成均一的混合物;
(2)加入诱抗素,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,搅拌20-30分钟;
(3)缓慢加入藻蓝蛋白,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,加入完成后保持温度搅拌1-3小时,既得所述修复剂;
进一步地,(4)烘箱真空干燥(80-90℃)、质量检测合格;
(5)开启瓶装机器,调整好参数进行分装;
(6)装箱、入库。
得到的本发明的修复剂其物理性质为蓝色粉末,熔点165-167℃(分解),易溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂,低毒,急性经口:124.4mg/kg,在酸性和中性介质中稳定,碱性介质中不稳定。本发明的修复剂不可与碱性农药混用,喷适应避开烈日和阴雨天,傍晚喷施于作物叶片或果实上。施用方法为:将所述修复剂用水800倍稀释,进行全株喷施,叶片正面背面都要均匀喷涂。
虽然植物有别于动物,不能逃避或改变环境,但植物经长期进化形成了一系列主动适应环境变化的机制,它可以感受外界环境并将其转变成信号,由于受到周围环境的变化影响,植物相关细胞组织信息传递暂时停止,失去了相应的功能,这就要求本发明的方案寻求相应物质,唤醒它们自动调节功能、扩宽适应周围环境条件范围。FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子,令伤口细胞加速分裂进而去修复已经受损伤机体、增加抗病能力、使病情得到控制、不再进一步扩散。
目前人们种植的各种植物,都在人为的避开逆境的条件下生长与繁衍,久而久之,使得植物的某些抗逆基因处于“休眠”或“半休眠”状态,减弱了抗逆能力,但固有的基因通常没有消失。
本发明的产品提供了植物自身激活基因表达的物质和途径,FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子可以将植物体内激活基因的信号物质分离出来,再回用于植物,将其固有而处于休眠状态的基因激活,诱导其表达,使植物自身的潜能得以充分发挥,完全依靠自身固有的基因获得修复、改善的理想效果。在FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子修复激活,唤醒线粒体合成机能,激活细胞能量传输系统,加速细胞分裂,达到伤口修复的基础上,诱抗素能够启动植物本身的抗逆基因,诱导激活植物体内的抗逆免疫系统,提高植物自身对干旱、寒冷、病虫害、盐碱的抗性,并且,藻蓝蛋白进一步具有抗病、促进细胞再生的功效。三者协同作用,从根源上抑制有害细胞,提高免疫力,加速对伤口的修复。控制住外围黄晕区域的发展趋势才是根治柑橘溃疡病的关键管控方向。
附图说明
图1为3号测试叶片的修复对比图(左图为修复后;右图为原感染叶片)。
图2为4号测试叶片的修复对比图(左图为修复后;右图为原感染叶片)。
图3为5号测试叶片的修复对比图(左图为修复后;右图为原感染叶片)。
图4为6号测试叶片的修复对比图(左图为修复后;右图为原感染叶片)。
图5为7号测试叶片的修复对比图(左图为修复后;右图为原感染叶片)。
具体实施方式
为方便本领域人员更好地理解本发明,现在给出本发明的具体实施方式;
柑橘溃疡病的修复剂,原料为:嘧啶核苷酸4kg(胞嘧啶核苷酸:尿嘧啶核苷酸=1:1)、脱落酸2kg和藻蓝蛋白1kg、水3kg。
制备方法为:(1)将嘧啶核苷酸4kg倒入反应仓内加入水稀释,同时开启搅拌器,搅拌20分钟;
(2)加入脱落酸2kg,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,搅拌30分钟;
(3)缓慢加入藻蓝蛋白1kg,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,加入完成后保持温度搅拌2小时,既得修复剂(蓝色粉糊状,如需保存可烘箱真空干燥备用,如直接使用则无需干燥)。
使用时,将修复剂用水800倍稀释,进行全株喷施,叶片正面背面都要均匀喷涂。使用效果:溃疡修复剂制剂800倍稀释实验跟踪的详细报道:同一张叶片上的同一个溃疡斑点,通过20多天的跟踪回访,平均效果如下:
(1)实验前未喷药,状态是大块水渍状黄晕。
(2)实验后5天后已结疤变干,黄晕明显转绿。
(3)15天后病斑已结黑疤,黄晕消失。
如图1-5所示,通过观察同张叶片,可以清晰的看出:喷洒本发明的修复剂后,溃疡水渍病斑结疤成黑点、黄晕部分慢慢缩小、转青。
统计地,本发明在广西省南宁市武鸣县取一片染病试验田,试验植物的棵数为50株,每株10片叶子作为统计参考,下表1为按照上述方法喷洒本发明的产品后(每日早晚各喷洒一次),5天、10天、15天和20天的见效百分比。
表1.染病叶片在施用不同时间段后的病斑改善情况(以100片为统计单位)。
无效 | 黄晕转绿 | 黄晕消失 | 病斑已结黑疤 | |
5天 | 10% | 90% | - | - |
10天 | - | 50% | 50% | - |
15天 | - | 8% | 92% | 80% |
20天 | - | - | 100% | 98% |
溃疡修复剂能促进植物细胞叶绿素的合成,本发明的产品的保护成分能在植物和果实表面上形成一层致密的高分子保护膜,对多种病原菌有强烈的抑制和阻碍作用;治疗成分能通过枝干传导到达果实内部,直接阻碍病原蛋白质的合成,导致其死亡!调控叶片溃疡伤口生长发育,提高植株抗病能力,使作物叶片增强光合作用,从而使溃疡面周边黄晕迅速转绿,溃疡面不再扩散,进而达到溃疡修复的作用。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式进行了详细描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书所采用的这种叙述妨碍仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可进行适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其它实施方式。
Claims (7)
1.一种柑橘溃疡病的修复剂,其特征在于,所述修复剂主要包括以下原料:FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子、诱抗素和藻蓝蛋白。
2.根据权利要求1所述的修复剂,其特征在于,所述FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子选自嘧啶核苷酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的修复剂,其特征在于,所述诱抗素为脱落酸。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的修复剂,其特征在于,所述修复剂按重量计主要包括以下原料:FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子30-50%、诱抗素15-25%和藻蓝蛋白5-15%。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的修复剂,其特征在于,所述修复剂按重量计主要包括以下原料:FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子40%、诱抗素20%和藻蓝蛋白10%。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的修复剂,其特征在于,所述修复剂的制备方法为:
(1)将FG-β超敏蛋白修复因子倒入反应容器内并加入水,同时搅拌10-20分钟;
(2)加入诱抗素,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,搅拌20-30分钟;
(3)缓慢加入藻蓝蛋白,温度保持在60℃至80℃下,加入完成后保持温度搅拌1-3小时,既得所述修复剂。
7.一种柑橘溃疡病的修复剂的使用方法,其特征在于,所述修复剂为根据权利要求1-6任一所述的修复剂,所述修复剂的使用方法为:将所述修复剂用水800倍稀释,进行全株喷施,叶片正面背面都要均匀喷涂。
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