CN111749193A - System and method for simulating natural water seepage of urban river - Google Patents
System and method for simulating natural water seepage of urban river Download PDFInfo
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- CN111749193A CN111749193A CN202010694501.XA CN202010694501A CN111749193A CN 111749193 A CN111749193 A CN 111749193A CN 202010694501 A CN202010694501 A CN 202010694501A CN 111749193 A CN111749193 A CN 111749193A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 442
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/003—Mechanically induced gas or liquid streams in seas, lakes or water-courses for forming weirs or breakwaters; making or keeping water surfaces free from ice, aerating or circulating water, e.g. screens of air-bubbles against sludge formation or salt water entry, pump-assisted water circulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river, belonging to the field of water and soil conservation of the urban river, comprising an anti-seepage section, wherein a water-permeable collection section is arranged between two anti-seepage sections, the water-permeable collection section comprises a water-permeable riverbed, side slopes and a riverbank, the side slopes and the riverbed are arranged on two sides of the riverbed, the water-permeable riverbed comprises a sand layer and a gravel layer, the sand layer is arranged above the gravel layer, a filter screen layer is arranged between the sand layer and the gravel layer, the lower part of the gravel layer is provided with a plurality of water-permeable pipes which are arranged; the delivery port of the pipe of permeating water is connected with the water tank, is equipped with the level gauge in the water tank, is connected with irrigation equipment on the water tank, and irrigation equipment irrigates and the moisturizing to the soil body in the river levee. The invention also discloses a method for simulating the natural water seepage of the urban river. The invention can keep the original water seepage and water supplement balance of the river channel and the surrounding environment as much as possible, thereby achieving the purpose of keeping the water and soil balance and controlling the water supplement amount and the water supplement position of the surrounding soil body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water and soil conservation of urban riverways, and particularly relates to a system and a method for simulating natural water seepage of an urban riverway.
Background
Along with the continuous development of modern cities, the demand of people on the grade of the cities is higher and higher, greening and water systems become keys for improving the grade of the cities, for the cities with relative shortage of water resources, urban rivers are used for building landscape lakes, landscape reservoirs and the like to become indispensable components for urban development, and more rivers are introduced into the cities. However, because the underground space of the city is complex, the urban river treatment often needs to be performed with anti-seepage treatment under the premise of meeting flood discharge, so that the influence of underground water on surrounding buildings is reduced, and especially the requirements of the underground space of underground passages, subways, underground garages and the like on water seepage are stricter. However, the river and the surrounding environment are originally a complete ecological system, and after the river is completely subjected to anti-seepage treatment, the soil layer around the river cannot be fully supplemented with water, so that the geological environment changes. The change of geological environment not only affects the surrounding greening ecological environment, but also easily causes geological disasters.
Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the watercourse seepage prevention, how to supplement water to the surrounding environment of the watercourse and keep ecological balance as much as possible, especially the water and soil balance is a problem to be solved urgently in the current watercourse treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river channel, aiming at keeping ecological balance between the urban river channel and a surrounding water system.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river comprises seepage-proofing sections, wherein a water-permeable collecting section is arranged between the two seepage-proofing sections and comprises a water-permeable riverbed, side slopes and a riverbank, the side slopes and the riverbank are arranged on two sides of the riverbed, the water-permeable riverbed comprises a sand layer and a gravel layer, the sand layer is arranged above the gravel layer, a filter screen layer is arranged between the sand layer and the gravel layer, a plurality of water-permeable pipes are arranged in parallel on the lower portion of the gravel layer, and a waterproof concrete layer is arranged at the bottoms of the; the water outlet of the water permeable pipe is connected with a water collecting tank, a liquid level meter is arranged in the water collecting tank, and an irrigation device is connected to the water collecting tank and irrigates and replenishes soil in a river bank; the seepage-proofing section comprises a sand layer, a gravel layer and a waterproof concrete layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Furthermore, water permeating devices are uniformly distributed at the tops of the water permeating pipes, a filter screen is arranged at a water inlet of each water permeating device, and a return flushing device is arranged in each water permeating pipe; the plurality of permeable pipes are divided into a central permeable pipe and a lateral permeable pipe, and the central permeable pipe is arranged in the middle of the permeable collecting section; one side of the side part permeable pipe facing the central permeable pipe is provided with a trapezoidal positioning groove, and the other side of the side part permeable pipe is provided with a positioning block matched with the positioning groove; the both sides of the pipe are all equipped with the locating piece to the center, and the pipe both sides are penetrated to the center is located to the lateral part pipe symmetry of permeating water.
Furthermore, the reverse flushing device comprises a plurality of high-pressure water pipes arranged in parallel, the high-pressure water pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the water permeable pipes, vertical pipes are dispersedly arranged on the high-pressure water pipes, pulse spray heads are arranged at the tops of the vertical pipes, and the number of the pulse spray heads is consistent with that of the water permeable devices on the water permeable pipes; a plurality of fixing devices are arranged between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes in parallel, each fixing device comprises two fixing blocks which are arranged oppositely, the two fixing blocks are respectively fixed on the two adjacent high-pressure water pipes, and the two fixing blocks are fixed through a connecting plate; the fixed block is provided with a dovetail groove, the length of the dovetail groove is smaller than that of the fixed block, the inlet end of the dovetail groove is flush with one side wall of the fixed block, the top of the side waist of the dovetail groove far away from the high-pressure water pipe is lower than the top surface of the fixed block, and trapezoidal blocks matched with the dovetail groove are arranged below two ends of the connecting plate; the fixing block is rotatably connected with a fixing rod on the side wall, a clamping groove is formed in the free end of the fixing rod, and a clamping column matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the side wall of the fixing block.
Furthermore, the water permeable device on the top of the water permeable pipe is in a cuboid shape protruding out of the top surface of the water permeable pipe, the top surface of the water permeable device is sealed, the side surface of the water permeable device is provided with water permeable holes, filter screens are arranged on the water permeable holes, and the bottom of the water permeable device is communicated with the water permeable pipe; the pulse jet of the reverse flushing device stretches into the water permeable device, the water spraying direction of the pulse jet is towards the water permeable hole, or the water permeable device is a round water permeable hole, the top surface of the water permeable hole and the top surface parallel and level of the water permeable pipe are provided with a filter screen in the water permeable hole, and the water spraying direction of the pulse jet is vertical upward.
Furthermore, the pulse nozzle comprises a shell, a partition plate is arranged in the shell, a water inlet is formed by the partition plate and a cavity of the shell, and a water outlet is formed in the top of the shell; a buffer plate is arranged on the partition plate in a sliding mode, a buffer spring is arranged below the buffer plate, the upper end of the buffer spring is fixed on the buffer plate, and the lower end of the buffer spring is fixed on the bottom surface of the partition plate; an elastic sealing pipe is wrapped outside the buffer spring; the top surface of the buffer plate is connected with a conical return spring, the top of the return spring is fixed with a sealing ball, the sealing ball is positioned on the axis of the water outlet, and the diameter of the sealing ball is larger than that of the water outlet; the delivery port is equipped with conical water spray channel, and water spray channel orientation is equipped with the check valve towards the hole of permeating water on the water spray channel.
Furthermore, the two adjacent upper vertical pipes of the high-pressure water pipes are arranged in a staggered mode, flanges are arranged at the end parts of the high-pressure water pipes, the upper top surfaces of the end parts of the high-pressure water pipes are provided with semi-cylindrical pipes, the semi-cylindrical pipes at the end parts of the two sections of high-pressure water pipes form a connecting sleeve of the vertical pipes, and fixing grooves and fasteners matched with the fixing grooves are arranged on the outer surface of the connecting sleeve.
Further, the slope surface is the brick that permeates water, the lower part of the brick that permeates water is equipped with vertical decurrent passageway that permeates water, it is equipped with the waterproof concrete layer of slope to permeate water the passageway below, the interval is equipped with the guide plate in the passageway that permeates water, under the water conservancy diversion effect of guide plate, the river that sees through the brick that permeates water is along guide plate water-collecting channel, the gap between guide plate and the waterproof concrete layer forms rivers passageway, the upper portion of rivers passageway is equipped with the entry at the river levee, the entrance is connected with the sand washing device, rivers passageway bottom and header tank intercommunication.
Furthermore, the irrigation device comprises a water pump arranged in the water tank, the water pump is connected with a water main pipe, and the water main pipe is connected with a plurality of drip irrigation heads; the dropper head is uniformly dispersed in the soil around the river bank.
The method for simulating the natural water seepage of the urban river by using the system comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, determining an arid period and a flood period according to historical hydrological data of the urban river, selecting a monitoring period in the arid period and the flood period respectively for water seepage collection, and irrigating green plants on a river bank by adopting an urban municipal water supply system in an unrealistic monitoring period;
(2) before the monitoring period begins, a reverse flushing device of a water seepage collection section in the period is opened, water is alternately supplied to adjacent high-pressure water pipes, pulse spray heads on the adjacent high-pressure water pipes alternately flush a water permeable opening of a water collecting pipe, and simultaneously, pulse water flow is formed in the pressure accumulating process of the spray heads to impact accumulated sand at a water outlet of a water permeator;
(3) then stopping reverse flushing, enabling river water on a river bed to sequentially pass through a sand layer, a filter screen and a gravel layer, then entering a water permeable pipe, simulating a natural water seepage state, and collecting the collected river bed seepage water to a water collecting tank through the water permeable pipe;
(4) starting to record the initial water quantity of the water collecting tank in the initial time of the monitoring period, closing the irrigation device in the monitoring period, and irrigating the plants by using the urban municipal greening system; recording the final water volume in the water collecting tank after the monitoring is finished, wherein the final water volume-initial water volume is the water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section in the monitoring period, calculating the daily average water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section in unit length according to the total water seepage volume, and the water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section simultaneously represents the water seepage volume of the whole river channel; the data in each monitoring period represents the data in the monitoring period and the non-monitoring period adjacent to the monitoring period;
(5) selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, and continuously monitoring for two years, wherein the water seepage amount in each month is the average value of the water seepage amount in the same month in two years;
(6) then, according to daily seepage of unit length in corresponding date every year, soil around the river levee is supplemented with water by utilizing seepage in the water collection tank; the soil around the river levee keeps water and soil balance.
Further, as time goes on, partial fine sand can get into the collecting pipe that permeates water gradually, blocks up the mouth of permeating water gradually, and the collection volume that permeates water in the header tank can reduce gradually, causes the collection volume in the header tank to reduce, regard as the standard with the infiltration data of collecting in the first two years this moment, preferentially adopt the infiltration of header tank to peripheral soil body moisturizing, then carry out the secondary moisturizing with city municipal water supply system.
Preferably, at least 4 monitoring periods are provided per year, each monitoring period being one month.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) according to the invention, a sand layer, a filter screen and a gravel layer are sequentially arranged on a riverbed from top to bottom to simulate a natural riverway environment, a water permeable pipe is arranged below the gravel layer to collect riverway seepage water, and the seepage water amount is counted to form quantitative data; then, selectively replenishing water to the soil body around the river channel according to the water seepage amount (the positions of subways and underground passages can be avoided), so that the original water seepage and water replenishment balance is kept as much as possible, the purpose of keeping water and soil balance is achieved, and the water replenishment amount and the water replenishment part of the soil body around the river channel are controllable; meanwhile, a waterproof concrete layer is arranged below the water permeable pipe, so that the situation that river water directly permeates into the surrounding underground space to cause unnecessary troubles can be prevented.
2) The top of the water permeable pipe is uniformly provided with water permeable devices, and a water inlet of each water permeable device is provided with a filter screen which can retain fine sand in a river bed to prevent the fine sand from entering a water collecting tank; meanwhile, as time goes on, part of fine sand can accumulate in the water permeable device to block the filter screen, the water seepage process is influenced, and the accuracy of data acquisition is reduced. In addition, set up mutually supporting positioning groove and locating piece on the pipe is permeated through water at center and lateral part, can improve the accuracy of installation, positioning groove sets up sealed the pad, can improve the sealing performance of pipeline, prevents that the river from only need oozing down, improves the accuracy of the data that the header tank was collected.
3) According to the invention, the plurality of fixing devices are arranged between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes in parallel, the positions of the high-pressure water pipes are unique through the fixing devices, the number of the high-pressure water pipes can be adjusted at will according to the width of the water permeable pipes and the row number of the water permeable devices, and the connection is rapid and convenient; meanwhile, the distribution distance of the pulse spray heads on the high-pressure water pipes is the same as the distance of the water permeators, so that the pulse spray heads and the water permeators can be ensured to be in one-to-one correspondence on the premise that the distance between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes is controllable.
4) The fixing blocks between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes are connected through a connecting plate, dovetail grooves are formed in the fixing blocks, and trapezoidal blocks matched with the dovetail grooves are arranged on the connecting plate, so that the positioning is accurate and the connection is convenient; compare with the dovetail that link up around ordinary, the dovetail front end opening of this application, conveniently push the trapezoidal piece of connecting plate into the dovetail, the dovetail rear end is closed, play the restriction to the trapezoidal piece, prevent that the trapezoidal piece from being released the dovetail, set up the dead lever that can rotate simultaneously at the front end opening part of dovetail, impel the dovetail with the both ends of connecting plate after, rotate the dead lever, with the draw-in groove card on the dead lever on the card post, fix the both ends of connecting plate in the dovetail, prevent the connecting plate roll-off.
5) When the water permeator at the top of the water permeable pipe is in a cuboid shape with the top surface of the water permeable pipe protruding, the pulse spray head extends into the water permeator corresponding to the pulse spray head, and the pulse spray head is matched with a fixing device between the high-pressure water pipes to realize accurate positioning.
6) The pulse sprayer comprises a shell, a partition plate is arranged in the shell, a water inlet is formed by the partition plate and a cavity of the shell, and a water outlet is formed in the top of the shell; a buffer plate is arranged on the partition plate in a sliding mode, a buffer spring is arranged below the buffer plate, the upper end of the buffer spring is fixed on the buffer plate, and the lower end of the buffer spring is fixed on the bottom surface of the partition plate; an elastic sealing pipe is wrapped outside the buffer spring; the top surface of the buffer plate is connected with a conical return spring, wherein the deformation tension of the return spring is far smaller than the deformation force of the buffer spring, a sealing ball is fixed at the top of the return spring, the sealing ball is positioned on the axis of the water outlet, and the diameter of the sealing ball is larger than that of the water outlet; the delivery port is equipped with conical water spray channel, and water spray channel orientation is equipped with the check valve towards the hole of permeating water on the water spray channel. The water flow enters a compression cavity defined by the shell, the partition plate and the buffer plate, the water pressure in the compression cavity is increased along with the continuous entering of the water flow into the compression cavity, the buffer plate is pushed to move downwards, the return spring is gradually stretched, when the tension of the return spring on the sealing ball is larger than the pressure of the water flow on the sealing ball, the sealing ball leaves the water outlet, the water flow in the compression cavity is rapidly sprayed out, high-pressure water flow is formed to be sprayed out, the water permeable port is impacted, fine sand deposited outside the water permeable port is cleaned, and the water seepage effect is improved; meanwhile, as the water flow is sprayed out, the water pressure in the compression cavity is reduced, the buffer spring pushes the buffer plate to move upwards, the pulling force of the return spring on the sealing ball is reduced, the sealing ball rebounds and seals the water outlet, and the next continuous pressing process is continued, so that high-pressure pulse water flow is formed.
7) The irrigation device comprises a water pump arranged in a water tank, the water pump is connected with a main water pipe, and the main water pipe is connected with a plurality of drip irrigation heads; the dropper heads are uniformly dispersed in the soil around the river levee, and the drip irrigation system can be deeply buried in the soil, so that the water supplementing process is deep into the lower part of the soil, and the whole simulation system is closer to the natural water seepage process.
8) The semi-cylindrical pipes at the end parts of the two sections of high-pressure water pipes form a connecting sleeve of the vertical pipe, the outer surface of the connecting sleeve is provided with a fixed groove and a fastener matched with the fixed groove, and the rigid vertical pipe is fixed on the high-pressure water pipes through the connecting sleeve, so that the stability of the rigid vertical pipe is improved; meanwhile, the two semi-cylindrical pipes are matched with each other, so that the high-pressure water pipes at two ends can be accurately positioned, and the convenience is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a central water permeable pipe;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a side water permeable pipe;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a high pressure water pipe in example 1;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the fixing device in embodiment 1;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a connecting plate;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a pulse jet head in example 1;
FIG. 12 is a view showing an ejection state of the pulse jet head in embodiment 1;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a side water permeable pipe in example 2;
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a structure of a pulse jet head in example 2.
In the figure, a permeable pipe 1, an impermeable section 2, a river levee 3, a side slope 4, a permeable collecting section 5, a waterproof concrete layer 6, a gravel layer 7, a sand layer 8, a filter screen layer 9, a side permeable pipe 11, a central permeable pipe 12, a water permeable device 13, a pulse spray head 14, a high-pressure water pipe 15, a connecting plate 16, a fixing device 17, a fixing rod 18, a semi-cylindrical pipe 19, a water collecting tank 20, a drip irrigation head 21, a main water pipe 22, a permeable brick 31, a guide plate 32, a shell 1401, a partition 1402, a buffer plate 1403, an elastic sealing pipe 1404, a buffer spring 1405, a return spring 1406, a sealing ball 1407, a water spraying channel 1408, a spraying channel 1408 and a check valve 1409.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river comprises seepage-proofing sections 2, wherein a water-permeable collecting section 5 is arranged between the two seepage-proofing sections 2, the length of the water-permeable collecting section 5 is far smaller than that of the seepage-proofing sections 2, the water-permeable collecting section 5 comprises a water-permeable riverbed, side slopes 4 and a riverbank 3, the water-permeable riverbed comprises a sand layer 8 and a gravel layer 7, the sand layer 8 is arranged above the gravel layer 7, a filter screen layer 9 is arranged between the sand layer 8 and the gravel layer 7, a plurality of water-permeable pipes 1 which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the lower part of the gravel layer 7, and a waterproof concrete layer 6 is arranged at the bottoms of; the water outlet of the water permeable pipe 1 is connected with a water collecting tank 20, a liquid level meter is arranged in the water collecting tank 20, an irrigation device is connected to the water collecting tank 20, and the irrigation device irrigates and replenishes soil in the river bank 3; the seepage-proofing section 2 is sequentially provided with a sand layer 8, a gravel layer 7 and a waterproof concrete layer 6 from top to bottom; the irrigation device comprises a water pump arranged in a water tank, the water pump is connected with a main water pipe 22, the main water pipe 22 is connected with an irrigation branch pipe, and the irrigation branch pipe is connected with a plurality of drip irrigation heads 21; the dripper heads are uniformly dispersed in the soil around the river bank 3; the water main pipe 22 is communicated with a water supply pipeline of the urban municipal greening system through a three-way valve, and valves are arranged on the water supply pipeline, the irrigation branch pipes and the water main pipe 22.
Three water permeating devices 13 are uniformly distributed at the top of the water permeating pipe 1, a filter screen is arranged at a water inlet of each water permeating device 13, and a reverse flushing device is arranged in the water permeating pipe 1; the plurality of permeable pipes 1 are divided into a central permeable pipe 12 and lateral permeable pipes 11, the central permeable pipe 12 is arranged in the middle of the permeable collecting section 5, and the lateral permeable pipes 11 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central permeable pipe 12; one side of the side permeable pipe 11 facing the central permeable pipe 12 is provided with a trapezoidal positioning groove, the positioning groove is provided with a sealing gasket, and the other side of the side permeable pipe 11 is provided with a positioning block matched with the positioning groove; the two sides of the central permeable pipe 12 are provided with positioning blocks, so that the accuracy and the tightness of positioning and installation are improved.
The reverse flushing device comprises a plurality of high-pressure water pipes 15 which are arranged in parallel, the high-pressure water pipes 15 are arranged at the bottom of the water permeable pipe 1, vertical pipes are dispersedly arranged on the high-pressure water pipes 15, the vertical pipes on the two adjacent high-pressure water pipes 15 are arranged in a staggered mode, and spray heads on the corresponding vertical pipes are also arranged in a staggered mode. The end part of the high-pressure water pipe 15 is provided with a flange, the top surface of the end part of the high-pressure water pipe is provided with a semi-cylindrical pipe 19, the semi-cylindrical pipes 19 at the end parts of the two connected high-pressure water pipes form a connecting sleeve of the vertical pipe, and the outer surface of the connecting sleeve is provided with a fixed groove and a fastener matched with the fixed groove.
The top of the vertical pipe is provided with pulse spray heads 14, and the number of the pulse spray heads 14 is consistent with that of the water permeating devices 13 on the water permeating pipe 1; a plurality of fixing devices 17 are arranged between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes 15 in parallel, each fixing device 17 comprises two fixing blocks which are arranged oppositely, the two fixing blocks are respectively fixed on the two adjacent high-pressure water pipes 15, and the two fixing blocks are fixed through a connecting plate 16; the fixed block is provided with a dovetail groove, the length of the dovetail groove is smaller than that of the fixed block, the inlet end of the dovetail groove is flush with one side wall of the fixed block, namely the front end of the dovetail groove is opened, and the rear end of the dovetail groove is closed; the top of the side waist of the dovetail groove far away from the high-pressure water pipe 15 is lower than the top surface of the fixed block, and trapezoidal blocks matched with the dovetail groove are arranged below two ends of the connecting plate 16; the fixed block is rotatably connected with a fixed rod 18 on the side wall, a clamping groove is formed in the free end of the fixed rod 18, and a clamping column matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the side wall of the fixed block. The dovetail front end opening promptly, conveniently push into the dovetail with the trapezoidal piece of connecting plate 16 in, the dovetail rear end is closed, plays the restriction effect to the trapezoidal piece, prevents that the trapezoidal piece from being released the dovetail, sets up at the front end opening part of dovetail simultaneously and can rotate dead lever 18, impels the dovetail with the both ends of connecting plate 16 after, rotates dead lever 18, blocks the draw-in groove card on the dead lever 18 on the card post, fixes the both ends of connecting plate 16 in the dovetail, prevents connecting plate 16 roll-off.
The water permeable device 13 on the top of the water permeable pipe 1 is in a cuboid shape protruding out of the top surface of the water permeable pipe 1, the top surface of the water permeable device 13 is sealed, the side surface is provided with water permeable holes, filter screens are arranged on the water permeable holes, and the bottom of the water permeable device 13 is communicated with the water permeable pipe 1; the pulse nozzle 14 of the reverse flushing device extends into the water permeating device 13, the water spraying direction of the pulse nozzle 14 faces the water permeating hole, accurate positioning can be achieved by matching the fixing device 17 between the high-pressure water pipes 15, the high-pressure water pipes 15 are aligned at the end parts of the water permeating pipes 1 during installation, and the high-pressure water pipes 15 are directly pushed inwards.
The pulse spray head 14 comprises a shell 1401, a guide rod 1410 penetrating through the middle of the shell is arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the shell 1401, a partition plate 1402 is arranged in the shell 1401, a water inlet is formed by the partition plate 1402 and a cavity of the shell 1401, and a water outlet is arranged at the top of the shell 1401; a buffer plate 1403 is arranged on the partition plate 1402 in a sliding mode, a buffer spring 1405 is arranged below the buffer plate 1403, the upper end of the buffer spring 1405 is fixed on the buffer plate 1403, and the lower end of the buffer spring 1405 is fixed on the bottom surface of the partition plate 1402; the buffer spring 1405 is wrapped with an elastic sealing tube 1404; a conical return spring 1406 is connected to the top surface of the buffer plate 1403, wherein the deformation tension of the return spring 1406 is far smaller than that of the buffer spring 1405, a sealing ball 1407 is fixed at the top of the return spring 1406, the sealing ball 1407 is positioned on the axis of the water outlet, and the diameter of the sealing ball 1407 is larger than that of the water outlet; the water outlet is provided with a conical water spraying channel 1408, the water spraying channel 1408 faces the water permeable hole, the water spraying channel 1408 is provided with a check valve 1409, and the guide rod 1410 sequentially passes through the buffer spring 1405, the buffer plate 1403, the return spring 1406 and the sealing ball 1407 to ensure that the sealing ball 1407 and the buffer plate 1403 vertically move up and down. The water flow enters a compression cavity formed by surrounding of the shell 1401, the partition plate 1402 and the buffer plate 1403, the water pressure in the compression cavity is increased along with the continuous entering of the water flow into the compression cavity, the buffer plate 1403 is pushed to move downwards, the return spring 1406 is gradually stretched, when the pulling force of the return spring 1406 on the sealing ball 1407 is larger than the pressure of the water flow on the sealing ball 1407, the sealing ball 1407 leaves the water outlet, the water flow in the compression cavity is rapidly sprayed out to form high-pressure water flow spraying, impact is formed on the water permeable opening, fine sand deposited outside the water permeable opening is cleaned, and the water seepage effect is improved; meanwhile, as the water flow is sprayed out, the water pressure in the compression cavity is reduced, the buffer spring 1405 pushes the buffer plate 1403 to move upwards, the tension of the return spring 1406 on the sealing ball 1407 is reduced, the sealing ball 1407 rebounds and seals the water outlet, and the next continuous pressing process is continued, so that high-pressure pulse water flow is formed.
The 4 surfaces of side slope are the brick 31 that permeates water, the lower part of brick 31 that permeates water is equipped with vertical decurrent passageway that permeates water, the passageway below that permeates water is equipped with the waterproof concrete layer 6 of slope, the interval is equipped with guide plate 32 in the passageway that permeates water, under the water conservancy diversion effect of guide plate 32, the river that sees through brick 31 that permeates water along guide plate 32 water-collecting channel, the gap between guide plate 32 and the waterproof concrete layer 6 forms the rivers passageway, the upper portion of rivers passageway is equipped with the entry at river levee 3, the entrance is connected with the sand washing device, rivers passageway bottom and header tank 20 intercommunication.
Example 2
A system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river is different from the system in the embodiment 1 in that: the water permeating device 13 is a circular water permeating hole, the top surface of the water permeating hole is flush with the top surface of the water permeating pipe 1, a filter screen is arranged in the water permeating hole, and the water spraying direction of the pulse spray head 14 is vertically upward
The pulse spray head 14 comprises a shell 1401, a guide plate 32 is arranged in the shell 1401, the guide plate 32 and a cavity of the shell 1401 form a water inlet, and the top of the shell 1401 is provided with a water outlet; a buffer plate 1403 is arranged on the partition plate 1402 in a sliding mode, a buffer spring 1405 is arranged below the buffer plate 1403, the upper end of the buffer spring 1405 is fixed on the buffer plate 1403, and the lower end of the buffer spring 1405 is fixed on the bottom surface of the partition plate 1402; the buffer spring 1405 is wrapped with an elastic sealing tube 1404; a conical return spring 1406 is connected to the top surface of the buffer plate 1403, a sealing ball 1407 is fixed on the top of the return spring 1406, the sealing ball 1407 is located on the axis of the water outlet, and the diameter of the sealing ball 1407 is larger than that of the water outlet; the water outlet is provided with an upward conical water spraying channel 1408, the water spraying channel 1408 is provided with a check valve 1409, the middle part of the shell is provided with a guide rod 1410 penetrating through the upper part and the lower part of the shell, and the guide rod 1410 sequentially penetrates through a buffer spring 1405, a buffer plate 1403, a return spring 1406 and a sealing ball 1407 so as to ensure that the sealing ball 1407 and the buffer plate 1403 vertically move up and down.
Example 3
A system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river is different from the system in the embodiment 1 in that: the tops of the water permeable pipes 1 are uniformly provided with water permeable devices 13, the water inlets of the water permeable devices 13 are provided with filter screens, and the water permeable pipes 1 are internally provided with return flushing devices; one side of the permeable pipes 1 is provided with a positioning trapezoidal groove, and the other side is a positioning block matched with the positioning groove, namely the central permeable pipe 12 has the same structure as the side permeable pipe 11.
Example 4
The method for simulating the natural water seepage of the urban river by using the system of the embodiment 1-3 comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, determining a dry season and a flood season according to historical hydrological data of the urban river, selecting 30 days as a monitoring period in the dry season and the flood season during water seepage collection respectively, wherein the monitoring period is at least 4 monitoring periods every year, and irrigating green plants on a river bank by adopting an urban municipal water supply system in an unreal monitoring period.
(2) Before the monitoring period begins, a reverse flushing device of the seepage water collecting section in the period is opened, water is alternately supplied to adjacent high-pressure water pipes, pulse spray heads 14 on the adjacent high-pressure water pipes alternately flush the water permeable openings of the water collecting pipes, and simultaneously, pulse water flow is formed in the pressure accumulating process of the spray heads to impact accumulated sand at the water outlet of the water permeable device 13.
(3) Then the reverse flushing is stopped, the river water on the river bed passes through the sand bed 8, the filter screen and the gravel layer 7 in sequence, then enters the water permeable pipe 1 to simulate the natural water seepage state, and the water permeable pipe 1 collects the water seepage of the river bed and concentrates the water to the water collecting tank 20.
(4) Starting to record the initial water quantity of the water collecting tank 20 in the initial time of the monitoring period, closing the irrigation device in the monitoring period, and irrigating the plants by using the urban municipal greening system; recording the termination water volume in the water collection tank 20 after the monitoring is finished, wherein the termination water volume-initial water volume is the water seepage volume of the water permeable collection section 5 in the monitoring period, calculating the daily average water seepage volume of the water permeable collection section 5 in unit length according to the total water seepage volume, and the water seepage volume of the water permeable collection section 5 also represents the water seepage volume of the whole river channel; the data in each monitoring period represents the data in the monitoring period and the non-monitoring period adjacent to the monitoring period.
(5) And selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, and continuously monitoring for two years, wherein the water seepage amount in each month is the average value of the water seepage amount in the same month in two years.
(6) Then, according to daily seepage of unit length in corresponding date every year, soil around the river levee is supplemented with water by utilizing seepage in the water collection tank; the soil around the river levee keeps water and soil balance.
(7) Simultaneously, because some fine sand can get into the collecting pipe that permeates water gradually, block up the mouth of permeating water gradually, the infiltration collection volume can reduce gradually in the header tank, causes the interior collection volume of header tank to reduce, regard as the standard with the infiltration data of collecting in the first two years this moment, the infiltration that preferentially adopts the header tank is to peripheral soil body moisturizing, then carries out the secondary moisturizing with city municipal water supply system.
Claims (10)
1. A system for simulating natural water seepage of an urban river comprises an anti-seepage section, wherein a water-permeable collection section is arranged between two anti-seepage sections, and is characterized in that the water-permeable collection section comprises a water-permeable riverbed, side slopes and a riverbank which are arranged on two sides of the riverbed, the water-permeable riverbed comprises a sand layer and a gravel layer, the sand layer is arranged above the gravel layer, a filter screen layer is arranged between the sand layer and the gravel layer, a plurality of water-permeable pipes which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the lower part of the gravel layer, and a waterproof concrete layer is arranged at the bottoms of the; the water outlet of the water permeable pipe is connected with a water collecting tank, a liquid level meter is arranged in the water collecting tank, and an irrigation device is connected to the water collecting tank and irrigates and replenishes soil in a river bank; the seepage-proofing section comprises a sand layer, a gravel layer and a waterproof concrete layer from top to bottom in sequence.
2. The system for simulating the natural water seepage of the urban river according to claim 1, wherein water permeable devices are uniformly distributed at the tops of the water permeable pipes, a filter screen is arranged at a water inlet of each water permeable device, and a return flushing device is arranged in each water permeable pipe; the plurality of permeable pipes are divided into a central permeable pipe and a lateral permeable pipe, and the central permeable pipe is arranged in the middle of the permeable collecting section; one side of the side part permeable pipe facing the central permeable pipe is provided with a trapezoidal positioning groove, and the other side of the side part permeable pipe is provided with a positioning block matched with the positioning groove; positioning blocks are arranged on two sides of the central permeable pipe, and the lateral permeable pipes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central permeable pipe; the reverse flushing device comprises a plurality of high-pressure water pipes arranged in parallel, the high-pressure water pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the water permeable pipes, vertical pipes are dispersedly arranged on the high-pressure water pipes, pulse spray heads are arranged at the tops of the vertical pipes, and the number of the pulse spray heads is consistent with that of the water permeable devices on the water permeable pipes; a plurality of fixing devices are arranged between the adjacent high-pressure water pipes in parallel, each fixing device comprises two fixing blocks which are arranged oppositely, the two fixing blocks are respectively fixed on the two adjacent high-pressure water pipes, and the two fixing blocks are fixed through a connecting plate; the fixed block is provided with a dovetail groove, the length of the dovetail groove is smaller than that of the fixed block, the inlet end of the dovetail groove is flush with one side wall of the fixed block, the top of the side waist of the dovetail groove far away from the high-pressure water pipe is lower than the top surface of the fixed block, and trapezoidal blocks matched with the dovetail groove are arranged below two ends of the connecting plate; the fixing block is rotatably connected with a fixing rod on the side wall, a clamping groove is formed in the free end of the fixing rod, and a clamping column matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the side wall of the fixing block.
3. The system for simulating the natural seepage of the urban river according to claim 2, wherein the water permeable device at the top of the water permeable pipe is in a rectangular shape protruding out of the top surface of the water permeable pipe, the top surface of the water permeable device is sealed, the side surface of the water permeable device is provided with water permeable holes, filter screens are arranged on the water permeable holes, and the bottom of the water permeable device is communicated with the water permeable pipe; the pulse jet of the reverse flushing device stretches into the water permeable device, the water spraying direction of the pulse jet is towards the water permeable hole, or the water permeable device is a round water permeable hole, the top surface of the water permeable hole is flush with the top surface of the water permeable pipe, a filter screen is arranged in the water permeable hole, and the water spraying direction of the pulse jet is vertical upward.
4. The system for simulating the natural seepage of the urban river according to claim 3, wherein the pulse jet comprises a shell, a partition plate is arranged in the shell, the partition plate and a cavity of the shell form a water inlet, and a water outlet is arranged at the top of the shell; a buffer plate is arranged on the partition plate in a sliding mode, a buffer spring is arranged below the buffer plate, the upper end of the buffer spring is fixed on the buffer plate, and the lower end of the buffer spring is fixed on the bottom surface of the partition plate; an elastic sealing pipe is wrapped outside the buffer spring; the top surface of the buffer plate is connected with a conical return spring, the top of the return spring is fixed with a sealing ball, the sealing ball is positioned on the axis of the water outlet, and the diameter of the sealing ball is larger than that of the water outlet; the delivery port is equipped with conical water spray channel, and water spray channel orientation is equipped with the check valve towards the hole of permeating water on the water spray channel.
5. The system for simulating natural seepage of urban riverways according to claim 2, wherein two adjacent vertical pipes on the high-pressure water pipes are arranged in a staggered manner, the end parts of the high-pressure water pipes are provided with flanges, the top surfaces of the end parts of the high-pressure water pipes are provided with semi-cylindrical pipes, the semi-cylindrical pipes at the end parts of the two sections of high-pressure water pipes form a connecting sleeve of the vertical pipes, and the outer surfaces of the connecting sleeve are provided with fixing grooves and fasteners matched with the fixing grooves.
6. The system for simulating the natural seepage of the urban river according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the slope surface is a water permeable brick, a vertically downward water permeable channel is arranged on the lower portion of the water permeable brick, an inclined waterproof concrete layer is arranged below the water permeable channel, guide plates are arranged in the water permeable channel at intervals, a water flow channel is formed by a gap between each guide plate and the corresponding waterproof concrete layer, a sand flushing device is connected to the top of the water flow channel, and the bottom of the water flow channel is communicated with the water collecting tank.
7. The system for simulating the natural seepage of the urban river according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the irrigation device comprises a water pump arranged in a water tank, a water main pipe is connected to the water pump, and a plurality of drip irrigation heads are connected to the water main pipe; the dropper head is uniformly dispersed in the soil around the river levee.
8. The method for simulating the natural seepage of the urban river by using the system of any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, determining an arid period and a flood period according to historical hydrological data of the urban river, selecting a monitoring period in the arid period and the flood period respectively for water seepage collection, and irrigating green plants on a river bank by adopting an urban municipal water supply system in an unrealistic monitoring period;
(2) before the monitoring period begins, a reverse flushing device of a water seepage collection section in the period is opened, water is alternately supplied to adjacent high-pressure water pipes, pulse spray heads on the adjacent high-pressure water pipes alternately flush a water permeable opening of a water collecting pipe, and simultaneously, pulse water flow is formed in the pressure accumulating process of the spray heads to impact accumulated sand at a water outlet of a water permeator;
(3) then stopping reverse flushing, enabling river water on a river bed to sequentially pass through a sand layer, a filter screen and a gravel layer, then entering a water permeable pipe, simulating a natural water seepage state, and collecting the collected river bed seepage water to a water collecting tank through the water permeable pipe;
(4) starting to record the initial water quantity of the water collecting tank in the initial time of the monitoring period, closing the irrigation device in the monitoring period, and irrigating the plants by using the urban municipal greening system; recording the final water volume in the water collecting tank after the monitoring is finished, wherein the final water volume-initial water volume is the water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section in the monitoring period, calculating the daily average water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section in unit length according to the total water seepage volume, and the water seepage volume of the water permeable collecting section simultaneously represents the water seepage volume of the whole river channel; the data in each monitoring period represents the data in the monitoring period and the non-monitoring period adjacent to the monitoring period;
(5) selecting the first two years after the water seepage collection section is built as an effective monitoring period, and continuously monitoring for two years, wherein the water seepage amount in each month is the average value of the water seepage amount in the same month in two years;
(6) then, according to daily seepage of unit length in corresponding date every year, soil around the river levee is supplemented with water by utilizing seepage in the water collection tank; the soil around the river levee keeps water and soil balance.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein as time goes on, part of the fine sand gradually enters the water-permeable collecting pipe and gradually blocks the water-permeable opening, the collection amount of the seepage water in the water collecting tank gradually decreases, so that the collection amount of the seepage water in the water collecting tank decreases, and at the moment, the seepage water of the water collecting tank is preferentially supplemented to the peripheral soil body by taking the seepage water data collected in the first two years as a standard, and then the municipal water supply system is used for secondary water supplement.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein at least 4 monitoring periods are provided per year, each monitoring period being one month.
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