CN111745274A - Resistance spot welding method for differential thickness metal workpiece - Google Patents
Resistance spot welding method for differential thickness metal workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111745274A CN111745274A CN201910239188.8A CN201910239188A CN111745274A CN 111745274 A CN111745274 A CN 111745274A CN 201910239188 A CN201910239188 A CN 201910239188A CN 111745274 A CN111745274 A CN 111745274A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resistance spot welding method for a differential thickness metal workpiece and a resistance spot welding assembly used in the method. In one step of the method, a workpiece stack is provided, said workpiece stack comprising a thickness t1Of thickness t, of the first metal workpiece2Of a second metal workpiece of, wherein t1Less than t2Another step of the method includes contacting the metal workpiece with the faying surfaces of the first and second welding electrodes, respectively. The first welding electrode comprises an electrode base body and a differential thickness welding regulation and control element, the electrode base body is made of a first material, the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is made of a second material, the electrical conductivity or the thermal conductivity of the second material is smaller than that of the first material, the second welding electrode is a traditional electrode, so that the difference is generated between the heat of two sides of a differential thickness metal workpiece, the current is uniformly distributed, and the problems of nugget offset, low welding point strength and poor weldability during welding of the differential thickness material are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resistance spot welding, in particular to a resistance spot welding method for a differential thickness metal workpiece.
Background
In recent years, weight reduction of automobiles has become a trend of automobile development in the world due to the demand for environmental protection and energy saving, and high-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel are favored by various automobile manufacturers due to their excellent physical properties, but materials with different thicknesses are required at different parts due to the complicated structure of an automobile body, and thus, the problem of connection between metal materials with different thicknesses is involved.
Resistance spot welding relies on the flow of electrical current through contacting metal workpieces and across the interface resistance between them to generate heat to melt weld the connections together. However, when welding a poor thick metal workpiece, the distance between the thin plate side and the thick plate side from the electrode cap is different due to the difference in thickness, which causes the difference in heat generation and heat dissipation between the two workpieces, and the amount of heat for nugget melting is large at the thick plate side and small at the thin plate side, resulting in the displacement of the nugget center to the thick plate side during welding, and finally the nugget strength is reduced. It is therefore important how to better control the heat balance between the differential thick workpieces so that the molten metal can be melted and cooled to solidify in a desirably controlled manner.
Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to develop a resistance spot welding method for a differential thick metal workpiece, which can effectively make the heat on the two sides of the to-be-welded differential thick metal workpiece generate difference and make the current distribution more uniform when welding metal materials with different thicknesses, and effectively solve the problems of nugget offset, low welding point strength and poor weldability when welding the differential thick metal workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resistance spot welding method for a differential thickness metal workpiece, which can effectively cause the difference of heat on two sides of the to-be-welded differential thickness metal workpiece and more uniform current distribution when metal materials with different thicknesses are welded, so that the differential thickness metal workpiece can be melted, cooled and solidified in an ideal manner, and a welding spot with high strength is obtained.
The invention provides a resistance spot welding method for a differential thickness metal workpiece, which comprises the following steps:
(a) providing a workpiece stack comprising a thickness t1And a first metal workpiece of thickness t2A second metal workpiece of (a);
(b) let the thickness be t1First metal workpiece and firstThe first welding surface of the welding electrode is contacted, and the thickness is t2The second metal workpiece is contacted with a second welding surface of the second welding electrode;
wherein the first welding electrode comprises an electrode base and a differential thickness weld modulating element, the electrode base being made of a first material and providing a first primary welding interface for resistance spot welding; and said differential thickness weld control element is made of a second material having an electrical and/or thermal conductivity less than the electrical and/or thermal conductivity of said first material, and said differential thickness weld control element provides a differential thickness control weld interface for differential thickness control;
the electrode base body is provided with a first main welding contact surface, the first main welding contact surface is provided with an annular recess arranged around the center of the first main welding contact surface, the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is arranged in the annular recess, and one main surface of the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is used as the differential thickness regulation and control welding surface; and/or the differential thickness welding regulating element surrounds the electrode base body to form a peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element, and one main surface of the peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element is used as the differential thickness regulating welding contact surface;
(c) energizing the first and second welding electrodes to a thickness t1And said thickness is t2The second metal workpieces of (2) are welded together by resistance spot welding.
In another preferred embodiment, the second welding electrode comprises the electrode base body but does not have a differential thickness welding control element.
In another preferred embodiment, the electrode base body of the second welding electrode and the electrode base body of the first welding electrode are identical or substantially identical.
In another preferred embodiment, the area S of the first main welding contact surface1The ratio S of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness is regulated and controlled1the/St is from 0.8 to 10.
In another preferred embodiment, the annular recesses arranged around the center of the welding contact surface of the electrode cap substrate are plural, and the differential thickness adjusting and controlling elements are plural and are respectively arranged in the annular recesses.
In another preferred embodiment, the thickness t is20.6-10mm, and/or thickness t2And a thickness t1Ratio t of2/t1Is 1.5-8.
In another preferred embodiment, the t is2/t1Is 1.2-8, preferably 1.5-5 or 2-5.
In another preferred example, the axial depth of the annular recess of the electrode base body is 0.5-5 mm.
In a further refinement, the material of the base body of the first welding electrode and the second welding electrode is a copper alloy, and/or the material of the differential thickness control element is mild steel, tool steel, stainless steel, titanium or tungsten.
In another preferred embodiment, the material of the base body of the first welding electrode and the material of the second welding electrode is a copper alloy, and/or the material of the differential thickness control element is an electrical insulator lacking electrical conductivity, such as quartz, alumina, ceramic, etc.
In another preferred embodiment, the electrode base body and the differential thickness welding control element are connected by welding, gluing or mechanical engagement.
In another preferred example, the welding contact surface of the electrode base body is a plane or a curved surface.
The present invention also provides an assembly for resistance spot welding of a differential thickness metal workpiece, said assembly comprising:
(i) a first welding electrode; and
(ii) a second welding electrode;
wherein the first welding electrode comprises an electrode base and a differential thickness weld modulating element, the electrode base being made of a first material and providing a first primary welding interface for resistance spot welding; the differential thickness welding regulating element is made of a second material, the electrical conductivity or the thermal conductivity of the second material is smaller than that of the first material, and the differential thickness welding regulating element provides a differential thickness regulating welding contact surface for differential thickness regulation;
the electrode base body is provided with a first main welding contact surface, the first main welding contact surface is provided with an annular recess arranged around the center of the first main welding contact surface, the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is arranged in the annular recess, and one main surface of the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is used as the differential thickness regulation and control welding surface; and/or the differential thickness welding regulating element surrounds the electrode base body to form a peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element, and one main surface of the peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element is used as the differential thickness regulating welding contact surface;
wherein the second welding electrode is a conventional welding electrode for resistance spot welding;
in another preferred example, the assembly further comprises: (iii) thickness t1A first metal workpiece of (a); (iv) thickness t2A second metal workpiece of (a); and t1＜t2。
In another preferred embodiment, in the assembly for resistance spot welding of said differential thick metal workpiece, said thickness t20.6-10mm, thickness t2And a thickness t1Ratio t of2/t1Is 1.5-8.
In another preferred embodiment, in the assembly for resistance spot welding of the differential thick metal workpiece, the t is2/t1Is 1.2-8, preferably 1.5-5 or 2-5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the method and the assembly for resistance spot welding of the differential thickness metal workpiece are used, when the first welding workpiece and the second welding workpiece are made of the same material and have different thicknesses, the first welding electrode with the differential thickness welding regulating element is arranged on the thin workpiece side, so that a temperature field for forming a weld nugget is deflected to the thin workpiece side, the weld nugget is deflected to the thin workpiece side, more thin workpieces are melted, the diameter of the weld nugget at a joint surface is increased, and the strength of a welding spot joint is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other alternative embodiments can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a resistance spot welding assembly;
FIG. 2 is a side view of two welding electrodes above a stack of workpieces, wherein a first welding electrode has a differential thickness weld modulating element;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the differential thickness weld controlling member disposed on the outer periphery of the electrode base of the first welding electrode.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-first welding electrode base
11-first main welding contact surface
2-differential thickness welding regulating element
21-differential thickness regulating welding contact surface
3-is the first welded workpiece (also called the first metal workpiece)
4-is the second welded workpiece (also called the second metal workpiece)
5-is the second welding electrode
51-second main welding contact surface
Detailed Description
The inventor of the invention has extensively and deeply studied and found through a large number of experiments that when a metal workpiece with poor thickness is resistance spot welded, the problems of flux offset and low welding strength of resistance spot welding of the workpiece with poor thickness under normal conditions can be well avoided by using a welding regulating element with poor thickness on the thin workpiece side and using a traditional electrode on the thick workpiece side, and then resistance spot welding is carried out, so that the joint strength is greatly improved, and a better welding spot is obtained, and the invention is completed on the basis.
The invention has the main advantages that:
when the method and the assembly for resistance spot welding of the differential thickness metal workpiece are used, when the first welding workpiece and the second welding workpiece are made of the same material and have different thicknesses, the first welding electrode with the differential thickness welding regulating element is arranged on the thin workpiece side, so that a temperature field for forming a weld nugget is deflected to the thin workpiece side, the weld nugget is deflected to the thin workpiece side, more thin workpieces are melted, the diameter of the weld nugget at a joint surface is increased, and the strength of a welding spot joint is improved.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
for ease of understanding, the following mechanisms are provided for reference. It is to be understood, however, that the protection of the present invention is not limited by the mechanism.
In the present invention, a first welding electrode includes an electrode base body and a differential thickness welding regulating element, and the first welding electrode is in contact with a thin workpiece at the time of welding; because the differential thickness weld control element has a lower electrical or thermal conductivity relative to the electrode base, the heat contained by the differential thickness weld control element (either generated by resistance heating or by conduction from a thin workpiece weld pool, or both) is not readily transferred to the electrode base, i.e., the differential thickness weld control element limits and prevents heat flux into the electrode base. The differential thickness weld control element thus retains heat within a thin workpiece underlying and contacting the differential thickness weld control element, while during resistance spot welding, the same material, different thickness metal workpieces dissipate heat at a greater rate than the thick workpiece, thereby slowing directed heat flow from the thin workpiece weld pool into the first welding electrode and promoting lateral heat transfer at the thin workpiece.
In the following description, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions claimed in the present application may be implemented without these technical details and with various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
Term(s) for
As used herein, the term "workpiece" broadly refers in the specification to a sheet metal layer, a casting, an extrusion, or any other structural member capable of resistance spot welding.
As used herein, the terms "thin workpiece" and "thick workpiece" refer to a workpiece of greater thickness and a workpiece of lesser thickness, referred to as a "thin workpiece", for two workpieces stacked during resistance spot welding of a differential thickness metal workpiece.
It is to be noted that in the claims and the description of the present patent, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Furthermore, the numerical ranges provided in this specification are intended to include the end limit values thereof, and further, while the invention is described as being used in the construction of vehicle body parts, the detailed methods and assemblies may be adapted for use in other fields as well, such as industrial equipment, aerospace, and the like.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these are merely examples that the reader may take and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the resistance spot welding assembly; FIG. 2 is a side view of two welding electrodes above a stack of workpieces, wherein a first welding electrode has a differential thickness weld modulating element; FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
fig. 1 to 3 show the difference that can be used for resistance spot welding of workpieces 3 and 4 comprising a stackOne embodiment of an assembly for resistance spot welding of a thick metal workpiece. 3 is a first welded piece, in particular with a thickness t 14 is a second welded workpiece, in particular having a thickness t2The steel workpiece of (1). Thickness t2In the range of 0.6-10mm and a thickness t2And a thickness t1Ratio t of2/t1Is 1.5-8.
The resistance spot welding assembly further comprises a first welding electrode and a second welding electrode 5, wherein the first welding electrode comprises a first welding electrode base body 1 and a difference thickness welding regulation and control element 2, and the second welding electrode 5 is a traditional electrode; preferably, the second welding electrode comprises the electrode base body but does not have a differential thickness welding modulation element. Or the electrode base body of the second welding electrode and the electrode base body of the first welding electrode are identical or substantially identical.
The electrode base body 1 and the second welding electrode 5 are made of a first material, and the electrode base body 1 provides a first main welding contact surface 11 for resistance spot welding, the welding contact surface 11 being a plane or a curved surface; the second welding electrode provides a second main welding contact surface 51 for resistance spot welding, the welding contact surface 51 being a plane or a curved surface;
and the differential thickness weld control element is made of a second material having an electrical or thermal conductivity less than the electrical or thermal conductivity of the first material, and the differential thickness weld control element provides a differential thickness control weld interface 21 for differential thickness control;
further, the first material is, for example, various copper alloys with good electrical and thermal conductivity (including copper chromium (CuCr) alloy, copper chromium zirconium (CuCrZr) alloy, copper alloy added with alumina particles or other various copper alloys which can be used as electrode materials, etc.), and the second material is, for example, low carbon steel, tool steel, stainless steel, titanium, tungsten and other metals with electrical and thermal conductivity weaker than that of copper alloys, or electrical insulators with poor electrical conductivity, such as quartz, alumina, ceramics, etc.
In the present embodiment, the electrode base body 1 is provided with a first main welding contact surface 11, the first main welding contact surface 11 has an annular recess arranged around its center, and the differential thickness welding regulating element 2 is arranged in the annular recess, and one main surface of the differential thickness welding regulating element serves as a differential thickness regulating welding surface 21. The electrode base body 1 and the differential thickness welding regulation and control element 2 are connected in one or more modes such as welding, cementing mode or mechanical embedding mode.
In another preferred embodiment, the annular recesses arranged around the center of the welding contact surface of the electrode cap substrate are plural, and the differential thickness adjusting and controlling elements are plural and are respectively arranged in the annular recesses.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the annular recess disposed around the center of the first main welding contact surface has an inner diameter d2 and an outer diameter d1, preferably wherein d1 is between 4-10mm and d2 is between 1-8mm, preferably the area S of the first main welding contact surface1The ratio of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness regulation is 10-2; preferably, the area S of the first main welding contact surface1The ratio of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness regulation is between 4 and 2.
Further, the axial depth h of the annular recess of the electrode base 1 is between 0.5 and 5 mm.
The method for resistance spot welding the first and second weld workpieces 3, 4 together includes more, fewer, and/or different steps than those described herein.
In the embodiment presented in fig. 1, the first welding electrode and the second welding electrode are pressed against the first welding workpiece 3 and the second welding workpiece 4 at opposite sides of the workpiece stack and are aligned opposite to each other;
specifically, the first main welding contact surface 11 and the difference thickness regulation welding surface 21 are in surface-to-surface contact with the first welding workpiece 3, the second main welding contact surface 51 is in surface-to-surface contact with the second welding workpiece 4, and further, the thickness t of the first welding workpiece 31Is smaller than the thickness t of the second welding workpiece 42(ii) a Area S of the first main welding contact surface1The ratio of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness regulation is 4-2;
then, the first welding electrode and the second welding electrode are energized, and the first welding workpiece 3 and the second welding workpiece 4 are welded together by resistance spot welding.
In resistance spot welding, the heat contained in the thick-to-differential welding control element 2 (generated by resistance heating or by conduction from the thin workpiece weld pool, or both) is not readily transmitted to the electrode base body 1, i.e. the thick-to-differential welding control element 2 limits and prevents the heat flux entering the electrode base body 1. The differential thickness weld control element 2 thus retains heat within the underlying workpiece 3 contacting the differential thickness weld control element 2, while during resistance spot welding, the same material, different thickness metal workpieces, the thin workpiece dissipates heat at a greater rate than the thick workpiece, thereby slowing the directional heat flow from the weld pool of workpieces 3 into the first welding electrode and promoting lateral heat transfer at the workpieces 3, melting more workpieces 3, increasing nugget diameter at the faying surface, and thereby increasing the weld joint strength.
Example 2
Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the differential thickness weld controlling member disposed on the outer periphery of the electrode base of the first welding electrode.
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that a differential thickness welding regulating member 2 in an assembly for resistance spot welding of a differential thickness metal workpiece is provided on the outer periphery of a first welding electrode base 1, as can be seen from fig. 4. The electrode base body 1 is provided with a first main welding contact surface 11 for resistance spot welding, and the welding contact surface 11 is a plane or a curved surface; the second welding electrode provides a second main welding contact surface 51 for resistance spot welding, the welding contact surface 51 being a plane or a curved surface; and the differential thickness weld modulating element provides a differential thickness modulating weld interface 21 for differential thickness modulation. The electrode base body 1 and the differential thickness welding regulation and control element 2 are connected in one or more modes such as welding, cementing mode or mechanical embedding mode.
Referring to FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the differential thickness welding regulation element 2 is d3, the outer diameter of the electrode base body is d, and the outer diameter d of the electrode base body 1 is equal to the inner diameter of the differential thickness welding regulation element 2, wherein d is between 4 and 15mm, and d3 is between 6 and 20 mm. Preferably, the area S of the first main welding contact surface1The ratio of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness regulation is 0.8-2.
In another preferred embodiment, the differential thickness modulation element 2 may be a combination of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 or a plurality of differential thickness modulation elements 2 of embodiment 1 in combination with embodiment 2.
It should be noted that the parameters adopted in the above embodiments are parameters selected by the inventor at the time of an experiment, and the inventor has proved through trial and error that the same effect can be achieved by selecting the parameters within the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and combinations of equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of resistance spot welding of a differential thickness metal workpiece, comprising:
(a) providing a workpiece stack comprising a first metal workpiece having a thickness t1 and a second metal workpiece having a thickness t 2;
(b) contacting the first metal workpiece having a thickness t1 with a first welding surface of a first welding electrode and the second metal workpiece having a thickness t2 with a second welding surface of a second welding electrode;
wherein the first welding electrode comprises an electrode base and a differential thickness weld modulating element, the electrode base being made of a first material and providing a first primary welding interface for resistance spot welding; and said differential thickness weld control element is made of a second material having an electrical and/or thermal conductivity less than the electrical and/or thermal conductivity of said first material, and said differential thickness weld control element provides a differential thickness control weld interface for differential thickness control;
the electrode base body is provided with a first main welding contact surface, the first main welding contact surface is provided with an annular recess arranged around the center of the first main welding contact surface, the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is arranged in the annular recess, and one main surface of the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is used as the differential thickness regulation and control welding surface; and/or the differential thickness welding regulating element surrounds the electrode base body to form a peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element, and one main surface of the peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element is used as the differential thickness regulating welding contact surface;
(c) and energizing the first welding electrode and the second welding electrode to weld the first metal workpiece with the thickness of t1 and the second metal workpiece with the thickness of t2 together by resistance spot welding.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first primary weld contact surface has an area S1The ratio S of the area St of the welding contact surface to the difference thickness is regulated and controlled1the/St is from 0.8 to 10.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness t is20.6-10mm, and/or thickness t2And a thickness t1Ratio t of2/t1Is 1.5-8.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the annular recess of the electrode base has an axial depth of 0.5-5 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the base of the first welding electrode and the second welding electrode is a copper alloy, and/or the material of the differential thickness tuning element is mild steel, tool steel, stainless steel, titanium, or tungsten.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode base and the differential thickness weld modulation element are joined by welding, gluing, or mechanical interlocking.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the welding interface of the electrode substrate is planar or curved.
8. An assembly for resistance spot welding of a differential thickness metal workpiece, said assembly comprising:
(i) a first welding electrode; and
(ii) a second welding electrode;
wherein the first welding electrode comprises an electrode base and a differential thickness weld modulating element, the electrode base being made of a first material and providing a first primary welding interface for resistance spot welding; and said differential thickness weld control element is made of a second material having an electrical and/or thermal conductivity less than the electrical and/or thermal conductivity of said first material, and said differential thickness weld control element provides a differential thickness control weld interface for differential thickness control;
the electrode base body is provided with a first main welding contact surface, the first main welding contact surface is provided with an annular recess arranged around the center of the first main welding contact surface, the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is arranged in the annular recess, and one main surface of the differential thickness welding regulation and control element is used as the differential thickness regulation and control welding surface; and/or the differential thickness welding regulating element surrounds the electrode base body to form a peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element, and one main surface of the peripheral differential thickness welding regulating element is used as the differential thickness regulating welding contact surface.
9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the assembly further comprises:
(iii) a first metal workpiece having a thickness t 1; ,
(iv) a second metal workpiece having a thickness t 2;
and t1 < t 2.
10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the thickness t is20.6-10mm, thickness t2And a thickness t1Ratio t of2/t1Is 1.5-8.
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| CN105665908A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-15 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Resistance spot welding steel and aluminum workpieces with electrode insert |
| CN106736000A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 上海交通大学 | Electrode system for improving steel aluminum dissimilar metal joint for resistance spot welding performance |
| CN206936587U (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-01-30 | 天津金力研汽车工程技术有限公司 | Device for controlling offset of magnesium alloy nuggets with different thicknesses |
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2019
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2012645A (en) * | 1978-01-20 | 1979-08-01 | Gloster Saro Ltd | Improving spot weld penetration in metal sheets |
| JP2008161877A (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Lap resistance spot welding method |
| JP2013173155A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-09-05 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Spot welding method of steel plate having different plate thickness |
| CN104607783A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-05-13 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Welding Device for Welding a Connecting Portion and Method for Welding the Connecting Portion with the Welding Assembly |
| CN105665908A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-15 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Resistance spot welding steel and aluminum workpieces with electrode insert |
| CN106736000A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 上海交通大学 | Electrode system for improving steel aluminum dissimilar metal joint for resistance spot welding performance |
| CN206936587U (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-01-30 | 天津金力研汽车工程技术有限公司 | Device for controlling offset of magnesium alloy nuggets with different thicknesses |
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