CN111742833A - Highland barley germination device and method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid - Google Patents
Highland barley germination device and method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742833A CN111742833A CN202010729940.XA CN202010729940A CN111742833A CN 111742833 A CN111742833 A CN 111742833A CN 202010729940 A CN202010729940 A CN 202010729940A CN 111742833 A CN111742833 A CN 111742833A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/20—Malt products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B3/022—Cleaning travelling work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for highland barley germination rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid, and belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural products. The invention realizes GABA enrichment by adopting combined treatment of steam blanching sterilization, gradient temperature rise germination and high-temperature hypoxia enrichment. The steam blanching sterilization treatment can reduce the breeding of bacteria and ensure the safety of the product; the gradient temperature rise germination provides a material basis for GABA enrichment by promoting the degradation of protein into free amino acid; the high-temperature low-oxygen enrichment activates glutamate decarboxylase through environmental stress, so that GABA enrichment is realized. The matching equipment system comprises a feed hopper, a grain cleaning machine, a steam sterilizer, a conveying device, a germination bin, an enrichment bin and drying equipment, and provides equipment support for pollution-free, additive-free and industrial production of GABA highland barley. The GABA content of the product prepared by the technology is 27.45-53.56 mg/100 g.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural products, in particular to a device and a method for highland barley germination for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Background
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonprotein amino acid that is widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA has various physiological effects such as lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipid, lowering blood sugar, resisting cancer, promoting urination, calming, etc. Therefore, food rich in GABA is increasingly preferred by consumers.
The existing method for enriching GABA in germination mainly comprises soaking germination and promoting GABA enrichment by using different types of culture solutions and stress treatment. There are still some problems: 1) soaking and sprouting are adopted, so that water resource waste can be caused, and bacteria breeding can be easily caused; 2) the use of chemical reagents containing sodium glutamate, citric acid, calcium chloride and the like does not meet the modern requirements of no addition and little addition; 3) the assisted germination by adopting technologies such as intensive pulse light and modified atmosphere packaging can promote GABA enrichment, but the processing cost is too high, and industrial application is difficult to realize. Therefore, the prior art can not meet the requirement of large-scale and effective enrichment of GABA in industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for highland barley germination for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid, and the device and the method can effectively enrich the gamma-aminobutyric acid in a large scale.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a highland barley germination device rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is sequentially communicated with a feed hopper 1, a grain cleaning machine 2, a steam sterilizer 3, a germination cabinet 5, an enrichment bin 7 and a dryer 9 along the highland barley grain conveying direction;
the feed hopper 1, the grain cleaning machine 2, the steam sterilizer 3 and the germination cabinet 5 are communicated through a first conveying device 4; the germination cabinet 5 is communicated with the enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device (6); the enrichment bin 7 and the dryer 9 are in communication via a third conveyor 8.
Preferably, the grain cleaning machine 2 comprises a water tank 2-1, an atomizing spray header 2-2, a cleaning bin 2-3, a compressed air inlet 2-4, a water outlet 2-5, a conveying rail 2-6 and a compressed air machine 2-7; the water inlet of the atomizing spray header 2-2 is communicated with the water tank 2-1, and the atomizing spray header 2-2 is arranged at the top in the cleaning bin 2-3; a conveying track 2-6 is arranged in the cleaning bin 2-3 and used for conveying highland barley grains; the bottom of the cleaning bin 2-3 is respectively provided with a compressed air inlet 2-4 and a water outlet 2-5; the compressed air machine 2-7 is connected with a compressed air inlet 2-4 to convey compressed air to the cleaning bin 2-3.
Preferably, the steam sterilizer 3 comprises a steam generator 3-1, a steam inlet 3-2, a sterilization box 3-3, a conveying track 3-4, a grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5 and a steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7;
the bottom of the sterilizing box 3-3 is provided with a steam inlet 3-2; the steam generator 3-1 is connected with a steam inlet 3-2 through a pipeline, and steam is introduced into the sterilization box 3-3; the bottom of the sterilizing box 3-3 is also provided with a water outlet 3-8, and the water outlet 3-8 is communicated with the steam generator 3-1 through a pipeline; the steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7 is communicated with the steam generator 3-1 through a pipeline; a conveying track 3-4 and a grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5 are arranged inside the sterilizing box 3-3; the grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5 is arranged at an inlet of the conveying track 3-4; the upper wall of the sterilization box 3-3 is provided with an air outlet 3-6; the exhaust port 3-6 is connected with the steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7 through a pipeline.
Preferably, the germinating cabinet 5 comprises a plurality of vertically distributed germinating units 5-7; the germination cabinet 5 is arranged in a germination bin comprising an air conditioning system and a temperature and humidity sensor;
a plurality of layers of liquid collecting discs 5-2, an atomizing and spraying system 5-1 and an ultraviolet sterilization system 5-3 are arranged in each germination unit 5-7; the liquid collecting tray 5-2 is provided with a drainage system 5-5, and the atomization spraying system 5-1 and the ultraviolet sterilization system 5-3 are fixed at the top of the germination cabinet or at the lower part of the liquid collecting tray 5-2 of the germination unit 5-7 on the upper layer;
a germination disc track 5-4 is arranged in an interval space between the liquid collecting disc 5-2 and the spraying system and the ultraviolet sterilization system in each germination unit 5-7; for placing germination trays 5-6.
Preferably, the enrichment bin 7 comprises a steam generator 7-1, a vacuum peristaltic pump 7-2, a heat-insulating interlayer 7-3, a pipe-disc type heating pipe 7-4, an enrichment tank 7-5, a pressure sensor 7-6, a temperature sensor 7-7 and a sealing cover 7-8;
the heat-insulating interlayer 7-3 is fixed on the outer side wall of the enrichment tank 7-5; a pipe disc type heating pipe 7-4 is arranged in the heat preservation interlayer; the pipe disc type heating pipe 7-4 is connected with the steam generator 7-1 through a pipe; a pressure sensor 7-6 and a temperature sensor 7-7 are fixed on the inner side wall of the enrichment tank 7-5; the upper part of the enrichment tank 7-5 is provided with a sealing cover 7-8; an observation window 7-9 is arranged on the outer side wall of the enrichment box 7-5; the bottom of the enrichment tank 7-5 is provided with a discharge port 7-10 and an exhaust port 7-11; the exhaust port 7-11 and the vacuum peristaltic pump 7-2 are connected through a pipeline.
The invention also provides a highland barley germination method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid based on the device of the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) filling highland barley seeds into a feed hopper 1;
2) the highland barley seeds are conveyed to a seed cleaning machine 2 by a first conveying device 4, and the seed cleaning machine is started to clean the highland barley seeds to obtain clean highland barley seeds;
3) the clean highland barley seeds are conveyed to the steam sterilizer 3 by the first conveying device 4, and the steam sterilizer 3 is started to sterilize the clean highland barley seeds to obtain sterile highland barley seeds;
4) the sterile highland barley seeds are conveyed into a germination disc 5-6 in a germination cabinet 5 through a first conveying device 4, and first germination and second germination are sequentially carried out to obtain highland barley sprouts; the temperature of the first germination is 13-18 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h; the temperature of the second germination is 28-32 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h;
5) conveying the highland barley sprouts into an enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device 6, vacuumizing through a vacuum peristaltic pump, and enriching for 0.1-30 h at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain enriched sprouts;
6) and conveying the enriched sprouts into a drying machine 9 through a third conveying device 8, and drying for 10-12 h at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain the highland barley sprouts enriched with the gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Preferably, during the first germination in the step 4), the thickness of the highland barley seed layer is 0.5-1.0 cm, spraying and humidifying are carried out every 3-5 hours, the water adding amount accounts for 8% -12% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seeds every time, the ventilation interval time is 6-8 hours, and the ventilation time is 10-15 min every time.
Preferably, during the second germination in the step 4), the thickness of the highland barley seed layer is 0.5-1.0 cm, spraying and humidifying are carried out every 5-7 hours, the water adding amount accounts for 5% -8% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seeds every time, the ventilation interval time is 3-4 hours, and the ventilation time is 10-15 min every time.
Preferably, the filling amount of the highland barley sprouts in the step 5) accounts for 3/4-4/5 of the volume of the enrichment bin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a highland barley germination device rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is sequentially communicated with a feed hopper 1, a grain cleaning machine 2, a steam sterilizer 3, a germination cabinet 5, an enrichment bin 7 and a dryer 9 along the highland barley grain conveying direction; the feed hopper 1, the grain cleaning machine 2, the steam sterilizer 3 and the germination cabinet 5 are communicated through a first conveying device 4; the germination cabinet 5 is communicated with the enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device (6); the enrichment bin 7 and the dryer 9 are in communication via a third conveyor 8. Based on the device, the invention provides a highland barley germination method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid, which can realize the enrichment of highland barley GABA.
The cleaned highland barley seeds are sterilized by the steam sterilizer 3, so that the influence of bacterial reproduction on GABA enrichment can be effectively reduced; the germination cabinet 5 is used for gradient temperature rise and germination, a low-temperature germination and high-temperature germination combined strategy is adopted, bacterial breeding is reduced through low-temperature treatment in the germination stage, high-temperature treatment in the germination stage is beneficial to substance conversion in seeds, protein degradation is promoted to be free amino acid, and a substance basis is provided for GABA enrichment in the next step. The enrichment bin 7 is used for enrichment, so that a high-temperature low-oxygen stress environment is provided for the germinated highland barley, the activation of glutamate decarboxylase is promoted, the decarboxylation reaction of free glutamic acid is catalyzed, GABA is generated, and the GABA enrichment is realized; and drying the enriched sprouts at 55-65 ℃ by using a dryer, so that the Maillard reaction of GABA and reducing sugar is reduced, and the reduction of GABA content is reduced. The content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in highland barley sprouts prepared by the device and the method of the invention reaches 53.56 +/-1.51 mg/100 g.
The device and the method for the highland barley germination for enriching the gamma-aminobutyric acid are beneficial to pollution-free, additive-free and industrial production of GABA highland barley.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a highland barley germination apparatus for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid according to the present invention; wherein, the device comprises a feed hopper 1, a grain cleaning machine 2, a steam sterilizer 3, a first conveyer 4, a germination cabinet 5, a second conveyer 6, an enrichment bin 7, a third conveyer 8 and a dryer 9;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the grain washer of the present invention; wherein, the water tank 2-1, the atomizing spray header 2-2, the cleaning bin 2-3, the compressed air inlet 2-4, the water outlet 2-5, the conveying track 2-6 and the compressed air machine 2-7;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a steam sterilizer according to the present invention; wherein, the steam generator 3-1, the steam inlet 3-2, the sterilization box 3-3, the conveying track 3-4, the grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5, the exhaust port 3-6, the steam condensate recovery component 3-7 and the water outlet 3-8
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a germination cabinet arranged in the germination bin according to the present invention; wherein, the device comprises an atomizing and spraying system 5-1, a body collecting tray 5-2, an ultraviolet sterilization system 5-3, a germination tray track 5-4, a drainage system 5-5, a germination tray 5-6 and a germination unit 5-7;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an enrichment bin according to the present invention; wherein, the device comprises 7-1 parts of a steam generator, 7-2 parts of a vacuum peristaltic pump, 7-3 parts of a heat-insulating interlayer, 7-4 parts of a pipe-disk type heating pipe, 7-5 parts of an enrichment tank, 7-6 parts of a pressure sensor, 7-7 parts of a temperature sensor, 7-8 parts of a sealing cover, 7-9 parts of an observation window, 7-10 parts of a discharge hole and 7-11 parts of an exhaust port;
FIG. 6 is a process flow chart of the highland barley germination method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a highland barley germination device rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is sequentially communicated with a feed hopper 1, a grain cleaning machine 2, a steam sterilizer 3, a germination cabinet 5, an enrichment bin 7 and a dryer 9 along the highland barley transmission direction; the feed hopper 1, the grain cleaning machine 2, the steam sterilizer 3 and the germination cabinet 5 are communicated through a first conveying device 4; the germination cabinet 5 is communicated with the enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device (6); the enrichment bin 7 and the dryer 9 are in communication via a third conveyor 8.
The structural schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 1.
In the invention, the feeding hopper has no special requirement, and a conventional feeding hopper is adopted; the feed hopper is capable of adjusting the feed rate.
In the invention, the grain cleaning machine 2 comprises a water tank 2-1, an atomizing spray header 2-2, a cleaning bin 2-3, a compressed air inlet 2-4, a water outlet 2-5, a conveying track 2-6 and a compressed air machine 2-7; the atomizing spray header 2-2 is arranged at the upper part of the cleaning bin 2-3; the water inlet of the atomizing spray header 2-2 is communicated with the water tank 2-1, and the atomizing spray header 2-2 is arranged at the top in the cleaning bin 2-3; a conveying track 2-6 is arranged in the cleaning bin 2-3 and used for conveying highland barley grains; the bottom of the cleaning bin 2-3 is respectively provided with a compressed air inlet 2-4 and a water outlet 2-5; the compressed air machine 2-7 is connected with a compressed air inlet 2-4 to convey compressed air to the cleaning bin 2-3. In the present invention, the grain cleaning machine 2 is shown in fig. 2. In the invention, the compressed air machine 2-7 conveys compressed air to the cleaning bin 2-3, so that the floating of grains is promoted and the cleaning cleanliness is improved in the cleaning process.
In the present invention, the conveying tracks 2-6 are associated with the first conveyor 4 and the drain; the compressed air discharged by the compressed air machine 2-7 can cause the highland barley seeds to float upwards and fully contact with the clear water sprayed by the atomizing spray head 2-2, thereby realizing pneumatic spray type cleaning of the seeds. The kernel cleaning time can be adjusted by the running speed of the conveying device. The sewage generated in the cleaning process is discharged from a water outlet 2-5 at the lower part of the grain cleaning machine 2.
In the invention, the steam sterilizer 3 comprises a steam generator 3-1, a steam inlet 3-2, a sterilization box 3-3, a conveying track 3-4, a grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5, an exhaust port 3-6, a steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7 and a water outlet 3-8; the bottom of the sterilizing box 3-3 is provided with a steam inlet 3-2; the steam generator 3-1 is connected with a steam inlet 3-2 through a pipeline, and steam is introduced into the sterilization box 3-3; the bottom of the sterilizing box 3-3 is also provided with a water outlet 3-8, and the water outlet 3-8 is communicated with the steam generator 3-1 through a pipeline; the steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7 is communicated with the steam generator 3-1 through a pipeline; a conveying track 3-4 and a grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5 are arranged inside the sterilizing box 3-3; the grain layer thickness control ruler 3-5 is arranged at an inlet of the conveying track 3-4; the upper wall of the sterilization box 3-3 is provided with an air outlet 3-6; the exhaust port 3-6 is connected with the steam condensate water recovery assembly 3-7 through a pipeline. In the present invention, the steam sterilizer 3 is schematically shown in fig. 3.
In the invention, only the inlet and the outlet of the conveying device are reserved in the steam sterilizer, and the rest part is arranged in a sealing way to prevent steam from leaking; the water outlet 3-8 of the steam condensed water recycling component 3-7 is connected with the water inlet of the steam generator, so that the heat energy in the condensed water and the residual steam generated in the sterilization process can be recycled. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the sterilization time is adjusted by adjusting the running speed of the conveying device according to the size of grains and the thickness of grain layers.
In the present invention, the germination cabinet 5 preferably comprises a number of vertically distributed germination units 5-7, the number of germination units 5-7 in each germination cabinet 5 preferably being 2; the germination cabinet 5 is arranged in a germination bin comprising an air conditioning system and a temperature and humidity sensor, and the air conditioning system and the temperature and humidity sensor can realize temperature control and ventilation and CO discharge of the germination bin2；
A plurality of layers of liquid collecting discs 5-2, an atomizing and spraying system 5-1 and an ultraviolet sterilization system 5-3 are arranged in each germination unit 5-7; the liquid collecting tray 5-2 is provided with a drainage system 5-5, and the atomization spraying system 5-1 and the ultraviolet sterilization system 5-3 are fixed at the top of the germination cabinet or at the lower part of the liquid collecting tray 5-2 of the germination unit 5-7 on the upper layer. In the present invention, the structural schematic diagram of the germination cabinet 5 is shown in fig. 4. In the invention, the width of the germination disk 5-6 is consistent with that of the first conveying device 4, so that sterilized seeds can be smoothly paved on the germination disk 5-6; the bottom of the germination trays 5-6 is preferably provided with a mesh screen, so that redundant water in the germination process can be discharged to the liquid collection tray, and the influence of seed soaking on germination is prevented; the bottom of the germination unit 5-7 is provided with a movable pulley matched with the germination disc track, so that the germination disc can move smoothly on the germination cabinet.
In the invention, the enrichment bin 7 comprises a steam generator 7-1, a vacuum peristaltic pump 7-2, a heat-insulating interlayer 7-3, a pipe-disc type heating pipe 7-4, an enrichment box 7-5, a pressure sensor 7-6, a temperature sensor 7-7, a sealing cover 7-8, an observation window 7-9, a discharge hole 7-10 and an exhaust port 7-11; the heat-insulating interlayer 7-3 is fixed on the outer side wall of the enrichment tank 7-5; a pipe disc type heating pipe 7-4 is arranged in the heat preservation interlayer; the pipe disc type heating pipe 7-4 is connected with the steam generator 7-1 through a pipe; a pressure sensor 7-6 and a temperature sensor 7-7 are fixed on the inner side wall of the enrichment tank 7-5; the upper part of the enrichment tank 7-5 is provided with a sealing cover 7-8; an observation window 7-9 is arranged on the outer side wall of the enrichment box 7-5; the bottom of the enrichment tank 7-5 is provided with a discharge port 7-10 and an exhaust port 7-11; the exhaust port 7-11 and the vacuum peristaltic pump 7-2 are connected through a pipeline. In the present invention, the structural schematic diagram of the germination cabinet 5 is shown in fig. 4.
In the invention, the bottom of the enrichment bin 7 is provided with an exhaust port 7-11, and is connected with a vacuum peristaltic pump 7-2, and the vacuum hypoxia environment in the enrichment bin is established by matching with a sealing cover 7-8 at the upper part of the germination bin. The enrichment bin is provided with a heat insulation interlayer 7-3, and a pipe disc type heating pipe 7-4 connected with a steam generator 7-1 is arranged in the heat insulation interlayer 7-3, so that the establishment of a high-temperature environment of the enrichment bin is ensured. The pressure sensor 7-6 and the temperature sensor 7-7 are arranged in the enrichment tank 7-5 to ensure the control of the pressure and the temperature in the enrichment tank 7-5. In the present invention, the structure of the enrichment bin 7 is schematically shown in fig. 5.
In the present invention, the dryer 9 is preferably a forced air dryer or a fluidized bed.
The invention also provides a highland barley germination method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid based on the device of the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) filling highland barley seeds into a feed hopper 1;
2) the highland barley seeds are conveyed to a seed cleaning machine 2 by a first conveying device 4, and the seed cleaning machine is started to clean the highland barley seeds to obtain clean highland barley seeds;
3) the clean highland barley seeds are conveyed to the steam sterilizer 3 by the first conveying device 4, and the steam sterilizer 3 is started to sterilize the clean highland barley seeds to obtain sterile highland barley seeds;
4) the sterile highland barley seeds are conveyed into a germination disc 5-6 in a germination cabinet 5 through a first conveying device 4, and first germination and second germination are sequentially carried out to obtain highland barley sprouts; the temperature of the first germination is 13-18 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h; the temperature of the second germination is 28-32 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h;
5) conveying the highland barley sprouts into an enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device 6, vacuumizing through a vacuum peristaltic pump, and enriching for 0.1-30 h at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain enriched sprouts;
6) and conveying the enriched sprouts into a drying machine 9 through a third conveying device 8, and drying for 10-12 h at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain the highland barley sprouts enriched with the gamma-aminobutyric acid.
The technological process chart of the highland barley germination method for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid is shown in figure 6.
Firstly, filling highland barley seeds into a feed hopper; the highland barley seeds are preferably selected to be highland barley seeds with plump seeds, no mould grains, no insect grains and germination percentage of more than 90 percent; in the specific implementation process of the invention, in order to ensure the germination consistency, the sizes of the seeds are classified, and the seeds with the same size are selected for germination in the same batch; the variety of the highland barley is not particularly limited, and the highland barley preferably comprises two ridges or six ridges.
The highland barley grain is conveyed to a grain cleaning machine 2 by a first conveying device 4, and the grain cleaning machine is started to clean the highland barley grain to obtain clean highland barley grain; the cleaning mode is preferably that the highland barley seeds are sprayed and cleaned by clear water, and floating dust on the surfaces of the seeds is washed; the time for spraying and cleaning is preferably 30-60 s, and more preferably 40-50 s; in the cleaning process, compressed air is introduced to float the seeds so as to ensure full and complete cleaning.
After the clean highland barley seeds are obtained, the clean highland barley seeds are conveyed to a steam sterilizer 3 by a first conveying device 4, and the steam sterilizer 3 is started to sterilize the clean highland barley seeds to obtain sterile highland barley seeds; the highland barley kernels are subjected to blanching sterilization by hot steam, the thickness of the sterilized grain layer is preferably 0.5-1.0 cm, the time is preferably 30-60 s, and more preferably 40-50 s.
After the sterile highland barley seeds are obtained, the sterile highland barley seeds are conveyed into a germination disc 5-6 in a germination cabinet 5 through a first conveying device 4, and first germination and second germination are sequentially carried out to obtain highland barley sprouts; the temperature of the first germination is 13-18 ℃, preferably 15 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 hours, preferably 5-20 hours; before the sterile highland barley seeds are conveyed into a germination disc 5-6 in a germination cabinet 5 through a first conveying device 4, the germination cabinet 5 is preferably subjected to sterilization treatment; the temperature of the second germination is 28-32 ℃, preferably 30 ℃, the time is 0.1-30 h, preferably; the invention adopts gradient temperature rise germination to promote protein degradation into free amino acid, thereby providing a material basis for GABA enrichment.
In the invention, the thickness of the highland barley seed layer during the first germination is preferably 0.5-1.0 cm, and more preferably 0.8 cm; preferably, the spraying humidification is carried out every 3-5 h, and more preferably 4 h; the water adding amount in each time accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seeds, and the optimal water adding amount is 10%; the time interval of aeration is preferably 6-8 h, more preferably 7h, and each time of aeration is preferably 10-15 min, more preferably 12 min.
In the invention, the thickness of the highland barley seed layer during the second germination is preferably 0.5-1.0 cm, and more preferably 0.8 cm; preferably, the spraying humidification is carried out every 5-7 h, and preferably 6 h; the water adding amount in each time accounts for 5-8% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seeds, and the optimal water adding amount is 6%; the time interval of aeration is preferably 3-4 h, more preferably 3.5h, and each time of aeration is preferably 10-15 min, more preferably 12 min.
After the highland barley sprouts are obtained, the highland barley sprouts are conveyed into an enrichment bin 7 through a second conveying device 6, are vacuumized through a vacuum peristaltic pump, and are enriched for 0.1-30 h at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain enriched sprouts; the enrichment germination temperature is preferably 50 ℃, the time is preferably 1-20 h, and more preferably 5-10 h; the filling amount of the highland barley sprouts is preferably 3/4-4/5 of the volume of the enrichment bin; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the volume of the enrichment bin is based on the volume of the enrichment tank; after being pumped by a vacuum peristaltic pump, the oxygen content in the enrichment tank is 0 percent. The enrichment environment of the enrichment bin is a high-temperature low-oxygen enrichment environment, and glutamate decarboxylase is activated through the stress of the high-temperature low-oxygen environment, so that GABA enrichment is realized.
After the enriched sprouts are obtained, the enriched sprouts are conveyed into a drying machine 9 through a third conveying device 8 and dried for 10-12 hours at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain the highland barley sprouts enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid; the drying temperature is preferably 60 ℃ and the drying time is preferably 11 h.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dark blue 2000 with the germination rate of more than 90 percent is uniformly selected.
Example 1
(1) Screening seeds: screening the highland barley grains by a color selector and a proportion machine, and removing rotten grains, insect pest grains, immature grains and gravels;
(2) cleaning seeds: uniformly spreading the screened highland barley grains on a conveying device through a feed hopper, conveying the highland barley grains to a grain cleaning machine along with the conveying device, and carrying out pneumatic spray type cleaning for 45 s;
(3) steam blanching and sterilizing: adjusting the height of a screw rod of a grain layer thickness control ruler at the front part of a steam sterilizer, adjusting the thickness of the highland barley conveyed to the steam sterilizer to be 1.0cm, and sterilizing for 45s in the sterilizer filled with hot steam;
(4) gradient temperature rise germination: the ultraviolet sterilization system of the germination cabinet in the germination bin is opened in advance to ensure the sterility of the germination environment, and the temperature of the germination bin is adjusted to 16 ℃. The highland barley subjected to steam blanching sterilization is uniformly paved on a germination disk through a conveying device, and the thickness of the highland barley is 1.0 cm. After the germination disk is placed in a germination cabinet, the germination bin is closed, and the temperature is increased gradually to germinate.
And (3) a low-temperature germination stage: the germination temperature is 16 ℃, the germination time is 16.0h, the grain layer thickness is 1.0cm, the spraying humidification is carried out every 4.0h, and the water adding amount is 10% (w/w); the aeration interval is 7.0h, and the aeration time is 15 min;
a medium-temperature germination stage: the germination temperature is 30 ℃, the germination time is 8.0h, the grain layer thickness is 1.0cm, the spraying humidification is carried out every 6.0h, and the water addition amount is 6% (w/w); the aeration interval is 3.5h, and the aeration time is 15 min; the spraying water is water after ultraviolet sterilization in the water storage tank;
(5) high-temperature low-oxygen enrichment: the highland barley which finishes sprouting in the sprouting bin enters the enrichment bin through the conveying device, after the material filling amount reaches 3/4-4/5 of the volume of the enrichment bin, the sealing cover is closed, and the vacuum peristaltic pump is opened, so that a vacuum state is formed in the enrichment bin. And opening a steam system, heating the enrichment bin to 50 ℃, and enriching for 6.0 hours in a high-temperature low-oxygen environment.
(6) And (3) drying: drying the GABA highland barley subjected to high-temperature and low-oxygen enrichment for 10 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ by using a blast dryer, and reducing the moisture of the GABA highland barley to be below the safe moisture of 12%.
The GABA content of the obtained product is 53.56 + -1.51 mg/100g by liquid chromatography.
Example 2
(1) Screening seeds: screening the highland barley grains by a color selector and a proportion machine, and removing rotten grains, insect pest grains, immature grains and gravels;
(2) cleaning seeds: uniformly spreading the screened highland barley grains on a conveying device through a feed hopper, conveying the highland barley grains to a grain cleaning machine along with the conveying device, and carrying out pneumatic spray cleaning for 45s to wash away floating dust on the surfaces of the grains;
(3) steam blanching and sterilizing: the height of a screw rod of a gauge is controlled by adjusting the thickness of a grain layer in the front of a steam sterilizer, the thickness of highland barley conveyed to the steam sterilizer is adjusted to be 1.0cm, and the highland barley is sterilized in the sterilizer filled with hot steam for 45s so as to reduce the growth of bacteria;
(4) germination at low temperature: the ultraviolet sterilization system of the germination cabinet in the germination bin is opened in advance to ensure the sterility of the germination environment, and the temperature of the germination bin is adjusted to 16 ℃. The highland barley subjected to steam blanching sterilization is uniformly paved on a germination disk through a conveying device, and the thickness of the highland barley is 1.0 cm. After the germination disk is placed in a germination cabinet, the germination bin is closed, and germination at a low temperature is started. Spraying and humidifying at 16 deg.C for 30.0h and grain layer thickness of 1.0cm at intervals of 4.0h, with water addition of 6% (w/w); the aeration interval is 7.0h, and the aeration time is 15 min;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the highland barley which finishes low-temperature germination at 65 ℃ for 10h by using a blast drier, and reducing the GABA highland barley moisture to be below 12% of safe moisture.
The GABA content of the obtained product is 28.74 +/-0.29 mg/100g by liquid chromatography.
Example 3
(1) Screening seeds: screening the highland barley grains by a color selector and a proportion machine, and removing rotten grains, insect pest grains, immature grains and gravels;
(2) cleaning seeds: uniformly spreading the screened highland barley grains on a conveying device through a feed hopper, conveying the highland barley grains to a grain cleaning machine along with the conveying device, and carrying out pneumatic spray cleaning for 45s to wash away floating dust on the surfaces of the grains;
(3) steam blanching and sterilizing: the height of a screw rod of a gauge is controlled by adjusting the thickness of a grain layer in the front of a steam sterilizer, the thickness of highland barley conveyed to the steam sterilizer is adjusted to be 1.0cm, and the highland barley is sterilized in the sterilizer filled with hot steam for 45s so as to reduce the growth of bacteria;
(4) germination at medium temperature: the ultraviolet sterilization system of the germination cabinet in the germination bin is opened in advance to ensure the sterility of the germination environment, and the temperature of the germination bin is adjusted to 30 ℃. The highland barley subjected to steam blanching sterilization is uniformly paved on a germination disk through a conveying device, and the thickness of the highland barley is 1.0 cm. After the germination disk is placed in a germination cabinet, the germination bin is closed, and germination at a low temperature is started. Spraying and humidifying at 30 deg.C for 30.0h and grain layer thickness of 1.0cm at intervals of 4.0h, with water addition of 6% (w/w); the aeration interval is 7.0h, and the aeration time is 15 min;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the highland barley which finishes germination at medium temperature for 10h by using a blast drier at the temperature of 65 ℃ to reduce the GABA highland barley moisture below the safe moisture of below 12 percent.
The GABA content of the obtained product is 32.57 + -1.33 mg/100g by liquid chromatography.
Example 4
(1) Screening seeds: screening the highland barley grains by a color selector and a proportion machine, and removing rotten grains, insect pest grains, immature grains and gravels;
(2) cleaning seeds: uniformly spreading the screened highland barley grains on a conveying device through a feed hopper, conveying the highland barley grains to a grain cleaning machine along with the conveying device, and carrying out pneumatic spray cleaning for 45s to wash away floating dust on the surfaces of the grains;
(3) steam blanching and sterilizing: the height of a screw rod of a gauge is controlled by adjusting the thickness of a grain layer in the front of a steam sterilizer, the thickness of highland barley conveyed to the steam sterilizer is adjusted to be 1.0cm, and the highland barley is sterilized in the sterilizer filled with hot steam for 45s so as to reduce the growth of bacteria;
(4) high-temperature low-oxygen enrichment: the highland barley which is finished the steam blanching sterilization enters the enrichment bin through the conveying device, after the material filling amount reaches 3/4-4/5 of the volume of the enrichment bin, the sealing cover is closed, and the vacuum peristaltic pump is opened, so that a vacuum state is formed in the enrichment bin. Opening a steam system, heating the enrichment bin to 50 ℃, and enriching for 30.0 hours in a high-temperature low-oxygen environment;
(5) and (3) drying: drying the highland barley subjected to high-temperature and low-oxygen enrichment for 10 hours at 65 ℃ by using a blast drier, and reducing the GABA highland barley moisture to be below the safe moisture of 12%.
The GABA content of the prepared product is 27.45 +/-1.36 mg/100 through liquid chromatography determination.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A highland barley sprout device for enriching gamma-aminobutyric acid is sequentially communicated with a feed hopper (1), a seed cleaning machine (2), a steam sterilizer (3), a sprout cabinet (5), an enrichment bin (7) and a drying machine (9) along the conveying direction of highland barley seeds;
the feed hopper (1), the grain cleaning machine (2), the steam sterilizer (3) and the germination cabinet (5) are communicated through a first conveying device (4); the germination cabinet (5) is communicated with the enrichment bin (7) through a second conveying device (6); the enrichment bin (7) is communicated with the dryer (9) through a third conveying device (8).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain washer (2) comprises a water tank (2-1), an atomizing spray head (2-2), a washing bin (2-3), a conveying track (2-6) and a compressed air machine (2-7);
the water inlet of the atomizing spray header (2-2) is communicated with the water tank (2-1), and the atomizing spray header (2-2) is arranged at the top in the cleaning bin (2-3);
a conveying track (2-6) is arranged in the cleaning bin (2-3) and used for conveying highland barley grains;
the bottom of the cleaning bin (2-3) is respectively provided with a compressed air inlet (2-4) and a water outlet (2-5);
the compressed air machine (2-7) is connected with a compressed air inlet (2-4) and used for conveying compressed air to the cleaning bin (2-3).
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the steam sterilizer (3) comprises a steam generator (3-1), a sterilization tank (3-3), a transfer rail (3-4), a grain layer thickness control ruler (3-5) and a steam condensate recovery assembly (3-7);
a steam inlet (3-2) is formed in the bottom of the sterilizing box (3-3); the steam generator (3-1) is connected with a steam inlet (3-2) through a pipeline, and steam is introduced into the sterilization box (3-3); a water outlet (3-8) is also formed in the bottom of the sterilizing box (3-3), and the water outlet (3-8) is communicated with the steam generator (3-1) through a pipeline; the steam condensate water recovery assembly (3-7) is communicated with the steam generator (3-1) through a pipeline;
a conveying track (3-4) and a grain layer thickness control ruler (3-5) are arranged in the sterilizing box (3-3); the grain layer thickness control ruler (3-5) is arranged at an inlet of the conveying track (3-4);
an exhaust port (3-6) is formed in the upper wall of the sterilization box (3-3); the exhaust port (3-6) is connected with the steam condensate recovery assembly (3-7) through a pipeline.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the germinating cabinet (5) comprises several vertically distributed germinating units (5-7); the germination cabinet (5) is arranged in a germination bin comprising an air conditioning system and a temperature and humidity sensor;
a plurality of layers of liquid collecting discs (5-2), an atomizing and spraying system (5-1) and an ultraviolet sterilization system (5-3) are arranged in each germination unit (5-7); the liquid collecting tray (5-2) is provided with a drainage system (5-5), and the atomization spraying system (5-1) and the ultraviolet sterilization system (5-3) are fixed at the top of the germination cabinet or positioned at the lower part of the liquid collecting tray (5-2) of the germination unit (5-7) at the upper layer;
a germination disc track (5-4) is arranged in an interval space between the liquid collecting disc (5-2) and the spraying system and the ultraviolet sterilization system in each germination unit (5-7); for placing the germination disk (5-6).
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the enrichment bin (7) comprises a steam generator (7-1), a vacuum peristaltic pump (7-2), a thermal insulation interlayer (7-3), a tube-disk heating tube (7-4), an enrichment tank (7-5), a pressure sensor (7-6), a temperature sensor (7-7) and a sealing cover (7-8);
the heat-insulating interlayer (7-3) is fixed on the outer side wall of the enrichment tank (7-5); a pipe disc type heating pipe (7-4) is arranged in the heat insulation interlayer; the pipe disc type heating pipe (7-4) is connected with the steam generator (7-1) through a pipe;
a pressure sensor (7-6) and a temperature sensor (7-7) are fixed on the inner side wall of the enrichment tank (7-5); the upper part of the enrichment tank (7-5) is provided with a sealing cover (7-8); an observation window (7-9) is arranged on the outer side wall of the enrichment tank (7-5); the bottom of the enrichment tank (7-5) is provided with a discharge hole (7-10) and an exhaust port (7-11);
the exhaust port (7-11) is connected with the vacuum peristaltic pump (7-2) through a pipeline.
6. A highland barley germination method rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
1) filling the highland barley seeds into a feed hopper (1);
2) the highland barley grains are conveyed to a grain cleaning machine (2) by a first conveying device (4), and the grain cleaning machine is started to clean the highland barley grains to obtain clean highland barley grains;
3) the clean highland barley seeds are conveyed to the steam sterilizer (3) by the first conveying device (4), and the steam sterilizer (3) is started to sterilize the clean highland barley seeds to obtain sterile highland barley seeds;
4) the sterile highland barley seeds are conveyed into a germination disc (5-6) in a germination cabinet (5) through a first conveying device (4), and first germination and second germination are sequentially carried out to obtain highland barley sprouts; the temperature of the first germination is 13-18 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h; the temperature of the second germination is 28-32 ℃, and the time is 0.1-30 h;
5) conveying the highland barley sprouts into an enrichment bin (7) through a second conveying device (6), vacuumizing through a vacuum peristaltic pump, and enriching for 0.1-30 h at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain enriched sprouts;
6) and conveying the enriched sprouts into a drying machine (9) through a third conveying device (8), and drying for 10-12 h at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ to obtain the highland barley sprouts enriched with gamma-aminobutyric acid.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in the first germination in step 4), the thickness of the highland barley seed layer is 0.5-1.0 cm, the spraying and humidification are carried out every 3-5 h, the water adding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seeds every time, the ventilation interval time is 6-8 h, and the ventilation time is 10-15 min every time.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in the second germination in step 4), the thickness of the highland barley seed layer is 0.5-1.0 cm, the spraying and humidification are carried out every 5-7 h, the water adding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the sterile highland barley seed each time, the ventilation interval time is 3-4 h, and the ventilation time is 10-15 min each time.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the highland barley sprouts are filled in step 5) in an amount of 3/4-4/5 of the volume of the enrichment bin.
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| AU2021104615A AU2021104615A4 (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Device and method for germination of highland barley with Γ-aminobutyric acid enriched |
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