CN111735276A - Efficient high-yield drying method and device for alfalfa bale - Google Patents
Efficient high-yield drying method and device for alfalfa bale Download PDFInfo
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- CN111735276A CN111735276A CN202010740043.9A CN202010740043A CN111735276A CN 111735276 A CN111735276 A CN 111735276A CN 202010740043 A CN202010740043 A CN 202010740043A CN 111735276 A CN111735276 A CN 111735276A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency and high-yield drying method and device for alfalfa bale, and belongs to the technical field of alfalfa bale drying equipment. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preheating the feed; the device is used for buffering the feeding of the inserted pipe drying station and preheating the alfalfa bale by using the heat in the drying bin; (2) and (3) drying the insertion tube: the inserting tube is inserted into the alfalfa bundle, the inserting tube hole is arranged on the inserting tube, hot air is introduced into the inserting tube, and the bottom of the hot air inserting tube is provided with a sharp head; (3) convection drying: run through alfalfa bale and let in induced air convection drying, alfalfa bale both sides are through relative arrangement blast hood and the cover (2.3) that induced drafts, run through the blast hood and are equipped with the convection current air-blower, run through the cover that induced drafts and be equipped with the convection current draught fan, and convection current air-blower and convection current draught fan mutual disposition mutually support, and the alfalfa bale both sides are located to the blast hood and the cover that induced drafts. The invention has high drying efficiency and good alfalfa quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency and high-yield drying method and device for alfalfa bale, and belongs to the technical field of alfalfa bale drying equipment.
Background
The national standard of living uses meat, eggs and milk as a benchmark, and the alfalfa grass called the king of pasture has close related influence on the yield and quality of the meat, eggs and milk. Although the planting area of the high-quality alfalfa in China is not small, the high-quality commercial alfalfa is not available, and the high-quality alfalfa mainly depends on import, which directly affects the food safety problem of people in China. The main reasons that the domestic alfalfa in China cannot produce high-quality alfalfa are 'eating by the day', natural airing, falling off of leaves with high CP content in the airing, and the respiratory metabolism of cells and the action of biological enzymes and the corrosion or deterioration of harmful microorganisms in a complex physiological and biochemical process, so that the preservation rate of alfalfa protein and comprehensive nutrition is reduced, and the CP retention rate of the alfalfa in 72 hours is only 60%. Generally, the harvesting and airing time of first-batch alfalfa in northern western China is 3-4 sunny days, if the first-batch alfalfa is not in the condition, high-quality pasture is difficult to air, the longer the drying and dehydrating period is, the lower the nutrition CP of the alfalfa is, and otherwise, the shorter the drying and dehydrating period is, the higher the CP content is. Therefore, the drying is the shortest selection compared with the natural drying and dehydration period, and is the only method for solving the problem of no eating by the day.
The existing pasture grass drying machine is of a drying oven mesh belt type and a rotary cylinder type, such as a CN 205352002U alfalfa mesh belt drying machine and the like, which are mostly in a drying mode of scattered grass sections, the general yield is low, the heat efficiency is not more than 30 percent and the like, the world alfalfa commodities are mainly circulated in a bale packaging mode, the harvest season time of the alfalfa production place is the pistil period or the initial flowering period, the time is short about 15 days, and the yield is high, such as 100 more than ten thousand tons of hay are harvested once per 350 ten thousand acres in Ningxia Guyuan county, the existing drying equipment is mostly high, the maximum ten tons of hay are produced per day, and the method is almost a cup waterwheel salary, so that the high-yield and high-efficiency alfalfa bale drying method and equipment are a choice for improving the quality level of alfalfa in China at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the high-efficiency and high-yield drying method and the equipment for the alfalfa bale are provided, the drying efficiency is high, and the alfalfa quality is good.
The high-efficiency high-yield drying method for the alfalfa bale comprises the following steps of:
(1) preheating the feed; the device is used for buffering the feeding of the inserted pipe drying station and preheating the alfalfa bale by using the heat in the drying bin;
(2) and (3) drying the insertion tube: the inserting tube is inserted into the alfalfa bundle, the inserting tube hole is arranged on the inserting tube, hot air is introduced into the inserting tube, and the bottom of the inserting tube is provided with a sharp head;
(3) convection drying: run through alfalfa bale and let in hot-blast convection drying, alfalfa bale both sides are through the relative arrangement blast hood and the cover that induced drafts, run through the blast hood and are equipped with the convection current air-blower, run through the cover that induced drafts and be equipped with the convection current draught fan, and convection current air-blower and convection current draught fan mutual disposition mutually support, and the alfalfa bale both sides are located to the blast hood and the cover that induced drafts.
Preferably, the convection direction formed by the air suction hood and the air blowing hood is parallel to the intubation tube;
preferably, the cannula is arranged horizontally, vertically or obliquely.
Preferably, the other end of the intubation is communicated with a hollow air collection cavity, the upper part of the air collection cavity is communicated with a pipeline pump, and the top of the air collection cavity is connected with a power cylinder.
Preferably, the power cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric cylinder.
Preferably, convection drying is followed by ordinary drying and latent heat recovery;
ordinary drying: introducing hot air for drying;
latent heat recovery: and recovering the waste heat to obtain the dried alfalfa bale.
The drying equipment for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield comprises a drying bin, wherein a conveying system is arranged in the drying bin, and a feeding preheating section, an inserting pipe drying section and a convection drying section are sequentially arranged on the conveying system; the intubation drying section comprises a hollow air collecting cavity, the upper part of the air collecting cavity is communicated with a pipeline pump, a plurality of intubation tubes are arranged at the bottom of the air collecting cavity side by side, the air collecting cavity is communicated with the intubation tubes, and the top of the air collecting cavity is connected with a power cylinder.
Preferably, the power cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric cylinder.
Preferably, the air collecting cavity, the pipeline pump and the intubation tube are introduced with hot air.
Preferably, a plurality of cannula holes are arranged on the cannula, and a cannula tip is arranged at the bottom of the cannula.
Preferably, the power cylinder body end is fixedly connected with the support, and the power cylinder piston rod is connected with the air collecting cavity.
Preferably, the bracket is provided with an inwards concave arc-shaped guide plate corresponding to the corner of the wind collecting cavity.
Preferably, the cannula is arranged horizontally, vertically or obliquely.
Preferably, the convection drying section comprises a blast hood and an air suction hood which are oppositely arranged, a convection blower penetrates through the blast hood, and a convection induced draft fan penetrates through the air suction hood; the convection direction formed by the induced draft cover and the blast cover is parallel to the intubation tube.
Preferably, the air inlet of the convection blower is arranged corresponding to the feeding end; the air outlet of the convection induced draft fan is arranged corresponding to the discharge end, and the blast hood and the air suction hood are arranged on two sides of the material on the conveying system.
Preferably the conveying system is a roller-row conveying system, a mesh belt conveying system or a rail car conveying system. The rail car conveying system comprises a guide rail, the guide rail is arranged in the drying bin, the rail car is arranged on the guide rail, and the rail car carries the alfalfa bales.
Preferably, the output end of the convection drying section is provided with a common drying section;
the clean heat source system is connected in parallel with the intubation drying section, the convection drying section and the common drying section;
the clean heat source system is communicated with the pipeline pump;
the clean heat source system is communicated with the air inlet end of the convection blower;
and the common drying section is communicated with a clean heat source system through a drying blower.
Preferably, the feed preheating section is communicated with a dehumidification heat exchange system, and the other end of the dehumidification heat exchange system is communicated with the outside; the dehumidification heat exchange system is communicated with a branch of the clean heat source system. The alfalfa bale has not been through the stoving in the feed preheating section, and the moisture is very heavy, and the temperature itself is very high in the dry storehouse again, through let in the interior dehumidification heat transfer system of dry storehouse with the new trend, to behind the heat exchange heating of one way of the clean heat source system in the dehumidification heat transfer system, new trend cooling moisture condensation, also called comdenstion water, and the noncondensation gas is discharged.
Preferably, the clean heat source system is a solar heat collector, an electric heat pump, a natural gas hot blast stove or a biomass hot blast stove.
Preferably, the clean heat source system is a solar heat collector, and is arranged in series with one or two of an electric heat pump, a natural gas hot blast stove or a biomass hot blast stove.
Preferably, the output end of the common drying section is provided with a latent heat recovery section;
the discharge end of the latent heat recovery section is provided with a first air blower and a second air blower, and the input end of the latent heat recovery section is communicated with a clean heat source system through a draught fan.
Compared with the prior art, the drying method for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the inserting tube drying and the convection drying are sequentially arranged, after the alfalfa bale is dried by inserting tube loosening, the convection drying is continuously carried out subsequently, the drying efficiency is high, the drying effect is high, the dehydration rate of the alfalfa bale in a short time is high, the alfalfa bale is dried efficiently and highly, and the alfalfa bale drying quality is improved.
2. Through setting up feed preheating section and ordinary dry section, utilize natural heat in the dry storehouse, preheat the alfalfa bale before the intubate is dried to and the convection current is dried the back bale and is carried out the drying, can make full use of heat, and improved the dehydration rate, improved drying effect.
Compared with the prior art, the drying equipment for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the pipe inserting drying section is arranged, the alfalfa bale is subjected to pipe inserting loosening, and hot air is introduced for drying, so that the drying efficiency and the drying effect are greatly improved; the dehydration rate of the alfalfa grass bundles is high in a short time;
2. through setting up the blast hood and the cover that induced drafts, the cooperation is dried to alfalfa bale ventilation convection current, and it is loose to have dried through the intubate based on alfalfa bale, and convection current stoving further dries alfalfa bale, and drying efficiency is high, and it is effectual to dry, and alfalfa bale dehydration rate in the short time is high, has realized alfalfa bale high-efficient high yield of drying, has improved alfalfa bale oven-dry mass.
3. Through setting up feed preheating section and ordinary dry section, utilize natural heat in the dry storehouse, preheat the alfalfa bale before the intubate is dried to and the convection current is dried the back bale and is carried out the drying, can make full use of heat, and improved the dehydration rate, improved drying effect.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the high-efficiency high-yield drying equipment for the alfalfa grass bales,
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the drying section with inserted rods,
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the inserted link drying section,
figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view a-a of figure 3,
figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the cannula,
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a convection drying section.
The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of air flow.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises an inserted bar drying section 2, a convection drying section 3, a common drying section 4, a latent heat recovery section 5, a feeding preheating section 6, a drying bin 7, a conveying system 8, a solar heat collector 9, an electric energy heat pump 10 and a dehumidification heat exchange system;
1.1, a bracket 1.2, a pipeline pump 1.3, a guide plate 1.4, a hydraulic cylinder 1.5, a wind collecting cavity 1.6 and a cannula;
1.61, cannula hole 1.62, cannula tip;
2.1, a convection blower 2.2, a blast hood 2.3, a suction hood 2.4 and a convection induced draft fan;
3.1, drying a blower;
4.1, a first blower 4.2, a second blower 4.3 and an induced draft fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the drying method for alfalfa grass bales with high efficiency and high yield, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) preheating the feed; the device is used for buffering the feeding of the inserted pipe drying station and preheating the alfalfa bale by using the heat in the drying bin;
the feeding preheating section is mainly used for feeding the straw to be dried and waiting for the straw to enter the intubation drying section, the coming straw to be dried has enough feeding time, the preheating of hot and humid air at the tail end can be obtained in the section, the length of the section is correspondingly more than or equal to that of each process section, and a limiting facility can be arranged.
(2) And (3) drying the insertion tube: the inserting tube 1.6 is inserted into the alfalfa bale, inserting tube holes are formed in the inserting tube 1.6, hot air is introduced into the inserting tube, and a sharp head is arranged at the bottom of the inserting tube; the other end of the intubation tube 1.6 is communicated with a hollow air collection cavity 1.5, the upper part of the air collection cavity 1.5 is communicated with a pipeline pump 1.2, and the top of the air collection cavity 1.5 is connected with a power cylinder. The power cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder 1.4, an air cylinder or an electric cylinder.
The intubation drying is a drying method adopted aiming at compactness of the bales, and the intubation movement direction of a drying mechanism in the intubation drying can be a vertical direction, a horizontal direction or an inclined direction; the intubation tube can move from top to bottom, can move from the left side of the conveying system to the right side of the conveying system along the horizontal direction, and can also move from the right side of the conveying system to the left side of the conveying system along the horizontal direction; the cannula can also move from the oblique upper direction to the oblique lower direction; is arranged corresponding to the conveying system. In actual production, the intubate stoving section can arrange a plurality ofly side by side to satisfy the output demand.
(3) Convection drying: run through the alfalfa bale and let in hot-blast convection drying, alfalfa bale both sides are through relative arrangement blast hood 2.2 and the cover 2.3 that induced drafts, run through blast hood 2.2 and be equipped with convection current air-blower 2.1, run through the cover 2.3 that induced drafts and be equipped with convection current draught fan 2.4, and convection current air-blower 2.1 and convection current draught fan 2.4 relative arrangement mutually support, and the alfalfa bale both sides are located to blast hood 2.2 and the cover 2.3 that induced drafts. The convection direction formed by the air suction hood 2.3 and the air blowing hood 2.2 is parallel to the intubation tube 1.6;
the drying equipment for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield comprises a drying bin 6, wherein a conveying system 7 is arranged in the drying bin 6, and a feeding preheating section 5, an inserting pipe drying section 1 and a convection drying section 2 are sequentially arranged on the conveying system 7; the intubation drying section 1 comprises a hollow air collection cavity 1.5, an air collection cavity 1.5 upper portion is communicated with a pipeline pump 1.2, a plurality of intubation tubes 1.6 are arranged at the bottom of the air collection cavity 1.5 side by side, the air collection cavity 1.5 is communicated with the intubation tubes, and the top of the air collection cavity is connected with a power cylinder. The power cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder 1.4, an air cylinder or an electric cylinder. The air collecting cavity 1.5, the pipeline pump 1.2 and the intubation tube 1.6 are introduced with hot air.
The cannula 1.6 is provided with a plurality of cannula holes 1.61, and the bottom of the cannula 1.6 is provided with a cannula sharp head 1.62.
The power cylinder body end is fixedly connected with the support 1.1, and the power cylinder piston rod is connected with the air collecting cavity 1.5.
The bracket 1.1 is provided with an inwards concave arc-shaped guide plate 1.3 corresponding to the corner of the wind collecting cavity 1.5.
The cannula 1.6 is arranged vertically.
The air collecting cavity is made of 3mm SUS304 steel plates, the height of the cavity is about 500mm, the connecting plates are embedded into the inner side of the air collecting cavity and are in screw connection sealing or welding sealing, four hot air pipe orifices with the diameter of 400mm are arranged at the upper end of the air collecting cavity, the pipe orifices are connected with a pipeline pump, and the pipeline pump is connected to a pyrogen through an air pipe. The double guide posts with the diameter of 120mm are adopted, the hydraulic cylinder with the diameter of 150mm and the stroke of 1800mm is adopted, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is between 5 and 30 tons, the hydraulic cylinder can be a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic oil cylinder, a hydraulic station or a cylinder, a steam pump, and a hot air pipe connected with the moving part of the air collecting cover is a flexible corrugated pipe.
The stainless steel seamless steel tube with the specification of phi 42mm is a stainless steel seamless steel tube with the length of 1800mm and the wall thickness of 3mm, the specification of phi 42mm × 3mm × 1800mm, the tail end tip of the insertion tube, namely the conical tip part at the tail end of the insertion tube is 60mm in length and is connected with the tube body through screws, the upper end of the insertion tube is inserted into a connecting plate hole to be welded and fixed, the connecting plate is a 10mm thick carbon steel plate, the area of the connecting plate is 2000mm × 4000mm, namely 8m2At 8m2The connecting plate is perforated with 4 rows of 8 holes, each row has 200mm central holes, the total number of holes is 36, and the diameter is phi 43 mm.
Each group of insertion pipes can move up and down in a reciprocating mode, each group can be dried by 2000mm x 1200mm x 900mm, 6 bundles of standard bundles are arranged, the length of the insertion pipe drying section is designed to be 60m, 15 sets of insertion pipe mechanisms are arranged side by side, and 90 bundles of standard bundles can be fed and dried at the same time. The drying bin can be used for feeding three lines at the same time and drying 270 bundles, because the drying bin is in a long strip-shaped structural design, a plurality of drying lines are arranged in one drying bin, and the cost performance and the energy efficiency ratio are superior to those of one line from comprehensive investment and comprehensive energy consumption.
The convection drying section comprises a blast hood 2.2 and an air suction hood 2.3 which are oppositely arranged, a convection blower 2.1 is arranged through the blast hood 2.2, and a convection induced draft fan 2.4 is arranged through the air suction hood 2.3; the convection direction formed by the draught hood 2.3 and the blast hood 2.2 is parallel to the insertion pipe 1.6.
An air inlet of the convection blower 2.1 is arranged corresponding to the feeding end; the air outlet of the convection induced draft fan 2.4 is arranged corresponding to the discharge end, and the blast hood 2.2 and the air draft hood 2.3 are arranged on two sides of the material on the conveying system 7.
The convection drying process is located behind the intubate drying process, and through intubate drying back, the bale has had better permeability, and hot air current is on the dual function of blowing and inhaling, sees through the bale easily and plays better drying effect, and the convection direction of convection drying is the same with the intubate direction.
The power, the air quantity and the air pressure of the convection blower are the same as those of a convection induced air blower, and in the convection drying section, a plurality of groups of blast hoods and air suction hoods are arranged side by side, and the size of each group of blast hoods and air suction hoods can be the same as or different from that of the pipe inserting mechanism. The convection air blower corresponding to each group of blast hoods can be one or more, and the convection induced draft fan corresponding to each group of induced draft hoods can be one or more.
The blowing hood and the suction hood are respectively 10000mm multiplied by 2000mm and are vertically opposite, a bucket-shaped structure is made of a 2.5mm thick steel plate, a hole plate is in contact with the alfalfa bale, reinforcing members are installed at stress positions of the blowing hood and the suction hood, the length of the convection drying section is 20-100m, the length of the convection drying section is the same as the length of the intubation drying section, the direction of the intubation drying section is the same as the direction of the intubation drying section, the length of the convection drying section is 60m, and the 10 groups or 6 groups of the blowing hood and the suction.
Each group of air suction cover is provided with a high-pressure centrifugal fan with one fan at 5.0kw or two fans at 2.5kw, the air pressure is more than or equal to 400pa, and the air flow is more than or equal to 20000m3The temperature of hot air is 50-65 ℃, and the total air volume is 20 ten thousand meters3And n, the air inlet and outlet pipe mouth is 600mm, the blast hood and the suction hood are arranged in the up-down direction of the conveying system, the start time of the working sequence of the blower and the suction fan is linked according to the whole machine, the air inlet direction of the blower faces forward, and the air outlet direction of the suction fan faces backward. The discharge end is front and the feed end is rear.
The drying bin can be a strip-shaped enclosure structure, and one or more drying equipment lines can be installed in the enclosure space; the enclosure structure of the drying bin can be a heat-preservation heat-collection structure, the south vertical wall of the drying bin can be a light-transmission heat-collection structure, the top of the drying bin can be provided with a photo-thermal and photovoltaic structure facility integrating solar energy and a building, the drying bin is generally built in the east-west direction and can also be built in the north-south direction, the solar energy can be better utilized, the width is generally 3-30 meters, and the length is 20-400 meters.
Can design dry storehouse width be 4 meters, length is 100 meters, the south wall is the cavity glass of high printing opacity 5mm +12mm +6mm, highly be 3 meters, the back wall, the PU color steel heated board that north wall is 4.5 meters's 100mm thickness promptly, the top is the sloping top of the cavity coloured glaze of high printing opacity 5mm +12mm +6mm and the roof forms a triangle-shaped cavity in the dry storehouse, can have solar energy selectivity thermal coating in its cavity, therefore made a 100 mx 4 mx 1.5 m's large-scale heat collector promptly. A small and medium drying production line can be installed in the drying bin.
The intubation tube moves up and down, and the height of the intubation tube drying section needs to be 2-3 meters higher than that of other sections, for example, the south wall can be 5 meters, and the north wall can be 6.5 meters.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the width of the drying chamber is 20 meters, the length is 300 meters, the height of the south wall is 3.5 meters, the height of the north wall is 5 meters, the height of the inner top of the drying chamber is 3.5 meters, and a 300 × 20 × 3.5 meter huge solar heat collector is formed at the top. Seven medium-large production lines can be arranged in the drying bin, and a large alfalfa bale drying plant with the daily output of 1.5-2.0 ten thousand tons can be formed. The dry section of the intubation is 2.0 meters higher than other sections in the up-and-down movement mode of the intubation, namely the south wall can be 5.5 meters, and the north wall can be 7.0 meters.
The larger the width of the drying bin is, the more the contained drying equipment is, and the higher the comprehensive investment cost performance is from the utilization rate of heat utilization equipment.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, the efficient and high-yield drying method for alfalfa bales performs ordinary drying and latent heat recovery after convection drying;
ordinary drying: introducing hot air for drying; the ordinary drying section is natural drying when dry hot air flowing to the rear end on the conveying system passes through the front end, namely is in a quasi-dry straw section and is close to the critical water content, and no special equipment is provided.
Latent heat recovery: and recovering the waste heat to obtain the dried alfalfa bale. The blower is adopted to blow air to the alfalfa bales in the reverse direction, the fresh air and the dried hot grass run relatively and flow, latent heat in the alfalfa bales is exchanged out of the heated fresh air and then enters the solar heat collector for heat recovery. In popular terms, cool wind blows hot grass to exchange heat into hot wind, and the hot wind is recycled, namely, the heat energy is recycled. According to the efficient and high-yield alfalfa bale drying equipment, the inserting pipes 1.6 in the inserting pipe drying section can be horizontally arranged.
The intubation tube moves along the horizontal direction, the intubation tube is arranged on one side of the conveying system, the intubation tube is transversely installed on the ground, and the power cylinder drives the intubation tube to reciprocate along the horizontal direction to pierce the alfalfa bale.
The intubation drying section can also be arranged on a rail car, the rail car is arranged on a rail, the rail is perpendicular to the conveying system, and the rail car reciprocates along the rail to realize the reciprocation of the intubation along the horizontal direction.
At the relative position of conveyor and intubate stoving section, the design has the wallboard, and the wallboard corresponds the intubate setting for prevent the bale displacement when intubate puncture bale.
The single of the blast hood and the single of the air suction hood are 6000mm multiplied by 1800mm, the blast hood and the air suction hood are opposite left and right, and the blast hood and the air suction hood are arranged at two sides of the conveying system.
The output end of the convection drying section 2 is provided with a common drying section 3;
the clean heat source system is connected in parallel with the intubation drying section 1, the convection drying section 2 and the common drying section 3;
the clean heat source system is communicated with a pipeline pump 1.2;
the clean heat source system is communicated with the air inlet end of the convection blower 2.1;
the common drying section 3 is communicated with a clean heat source system through a drying blower 3.1.
The output end of the common drying section 3 is provided with a latent heat recovery section 4;
the discharge end of the latent heat recovery section 4 can be provided with a first air blower 4.1 and a second air blower 4.2, and the input end of the latent heat recovery section 4 is communicated with a clean heat source system through an induced draft fan 4.3.
The clean heat source system is a heat energy supply system, can be a composite clean energy source, can be a solar air heat collection array, is formed by supplying one or two composite heat energy sources of an air source heat pump, a natural gas hot blast stove and a biomass hot blast stove, can be selected according to local conditions, and does not adopt non-clean energy sources which pollute the environment in principle.
The three elements of drying, temperature, humidity and flow, the economic cost of obtaining energy directly influences the production cost of the drying materials, and firstly, the solar energy which is environment-friendly, renewable and free from compensation is selected, and the valley electricity energy storage can also be selected. Generally, alfalfa is planted in areas with abundant sunlight resources, natural gas resources and electric power resources in North China, northwest China and west China.
The solar air heat collector array and the air source heat pump can be adopted to form a photoelectric complementary energy supply system, such as 6000MJ/m annual radiant heat energy in the area of second-class illumination resources2Year, 30000m according to design requirement2The large-scale solar air heat collector comprises a series-parallel array and an air source heat pump unit which is connected in series with 750KW through a pipeline and a fan, wherein the highest energy efficiency ratio of the air source heat pump unit is that COP is more than or equal to 4.5, the output form is variable-frequency hot air with the temperature of 75-90 ℃, and the air flow is 150000m3And n, when solar radiation is good in daytime, the drying use can be met, the air source heat pump only starts the fan part, the compressor does not work, and when solar energy is insufficient, the air source heat pump is started through the frequency conversion system to keep outputting constant-temperature hot air normally in rainy days, daytime and night.
Controlling the time of each procedure of drying and dewatering:
the timing of the preheating time of the self-entering feeding in the drying bin is designed, the temperature of the hot air for drying the inserting tube is set to be 90 ℃, the air pressure is set to be 600pa, the temperature of the hot air in the convection drying section is the same, the moisture content of the supplied material is 60%, the dehydration is carried out until the critical moisture content is 14%, and the actual dehydration is carried out by 46%, namely the feeding preheating section, the inserting tube drying section, the convection drying section and the common drying section, the dehydration time in each drying section is 20min, and the total drying time. Dehydrating 20% in a cannula drying section; the convection drying section and the common drying section are dehydrated by 26 percent.
Each section is 50 meters, alfalfa bundles of 900mm multiplied by 1200mm multiplied by 2000mm are dried in each 1.33 hour, 96 tons is reduced to 72 tons in each hour, and the theoretical drying amount of 24 hours is 1728 tons.
Under the working conditions, the temperature of the dry hot air of the intubation heat source is only changed to 130 ℃, the heat source can be a natural gas hot air furnace, the working conditions of the convection drying and the common drying sections are unchanged, the working time of each drying section is kept for 15min, the drying period is 1.0 hour, and 2300 tons of alfalfa bales are dried every 24 hours.
The wind flow in the drying bin is divided into three convection circulation routes:
1. the ordinary drying section in drying storehouse, the convection drying section, the dry section is gone through to the airflow flow direction for ordinary drying section of four workshop sections of preheating feeding section is equipped with the dry and hot wind that the air-blower will clean heat source system and carry and comes, the convection drying section, the dry section of intubate, the damp and hot wind that preheats the feeding section gets into sensible heat recovery unit through the draught fan, sensible heat recovery unit passes through new trend and damp and hot wind heat transfer, damp and hot wind becomes comdenstion water and the residual air discharges outside the storehouse, the new trend that is heated gets into clean heat source system and forms a circulation. The sensible heat recovery device is a dehumidification heat exchange system.
The direction of hot wind in the bin is opposite to the movement direction of the bundles, and the hot wind faces the wind.
The blowing and induction of air, i.e., blowing and suction, in the convection drying section is carried out above and below or on both sides of the bales. The airflow in the bin enters the blast hood and enters the air suction hood through the bales to be discharged into the bin to form circulation.
2. In the heat circulation route of the intubation drying section, hot air conveyed by a clean heat source is conveyed into an air collecting cavity through a fan, enters the intubation into alfalfa bundles through intubation air holes, is discharged into a drying bin, is mixed with hot air in the drying bin, passes through a feeding preheating section, enters a sensible heat recovery device, and enters a clean heat source system to form a circulation after being subjected to heat exchange with heated fresh air.
3. And circulating the latent heat recovery section, blowing fresh air into the drying bin by a first air blower and a second air blower of the latent heat recovery section, exchanging heat with the relatively moving dried alfalfa bundles with latent heat, and mixing the heat-exchanged fresh air with the heat and fresh air recovered by the sensible heat recovery device by an induced draft fan to enter a clean heat source system.
The clean heat source system is of a photoelectric complementary type or a phosgene complementary type, and gas represents fuel gas. Mixed flow fresh air heated by latent heat recovery and sensible heat recovery firstly enters a solar heat collection capacity and then enters an air source heat pump or a gas hot blast stove. Under the condition of no illumination, a bypass can be directly connected to the electric heat pump or the natural gas hot blast stove.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the conveying system 7 of the drying equipment for alfalfa bales with high efficiency and high yield may be a roller conveying system, a mesh belt conveying system or a rail car conveying system. The rail car conveying system comprises a guide rail, the guide rail is arranged in the drying bin, the rail car is arranged on the guide rail, and the rail car carries the alfalfa bales.
The conveying system is a transmission system of the whole drying line from a preheating feeding section to an inserting tube drying section, a convection drying section, a common drying section and a latent heat drying section. The mesh belt conveying system is closer to the roller-arranging conveying system, and particularly other drying devices have little influence and belong to fixed systems without return consideration; and the rail car conveying system is of a displacement motion type, and the reciprocating motion of the rail car is considered.
Roller-arranging conveying system:
1. the special metal conveying roller type nitrile rafter feeding roller is 150mm-200mm multiplied by 2000mm in diameter, 200mm multiplied by 50mm in shaft head length, 350mm in roller distance center distance, 300mm in wallboard height and 100m in bearing height.
The corresponding conveying roller of the pipe inserting part is increased in moderate density, the center distance is 250mm, and the conveying power can be in the form of gears or chains and the like.
The straw bundle of 900mm by 1200mm by 2000mm can be transmitted by adopting the design, and the straw bundle is 2000mm side by side.
2. Mesh belt conveying system
The belt width pair can be 2000mm by adopting a commercially available stainless steel conveying belt, the carrier roller of the conveying belt is phi 120mm multiplied by 2000mm, the density of the carrier roller inserting pipe section is 170mm, the density of the roller of other sections is more than or equal to 400mm, the length of each section of the conveying belt is 25m, if each section is 50m, the conveying belt is a two-section conveying structure, the conveying belt is more stable for conveying alfalfa bales, scraps on the belt are not easy to cause great pollution to equipment, and the mesh of the belt is more compact.
3. Rail car conveying system
The drying cabin is internally provided with a guide rail, the rail car advances on the rail to transmit the bales, the operation is stable for the roller inserting section, and in addition, the rail car can carry the bales to form continuous operation according to the instruction of a control system. The intermittent transmission of the mesh belt conveying system and the intermittent transmission of the roller conveying system are different.
In the up-down convection mode of the convection drying section, one of the wind hoods is mounted on the rail car and can be a blowing hood or an air suction hood. The track car is characterized in that the alfalfa bales dried in the latent heat recovery section are unloaded, the track car is turned back to the feeding preheating section, the alfalfa bales are newly fed, and drying is needed, so that circulation is formed.
The specification of the designed rail car is 2000mm × 8000mm, the moving power of the rail car is slope sliding or hoisting rope traction, or electric motor drive, the rail car can be a rectangular steel structure, on which a pore plate is fixed, such as 50mm × 100mm galvanized section bar and 1.5mm pore plate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in the efficient and high-yield alfalfa bale drying device, the clean heat source system may be a solar heat collector 8, an electric heat pump 9, a natural gas hot-blast stove or a biomass hot-blast stove. The rest is the same as example 4.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in the efficient and high-yield alfalfa bale drying equipment, the clean heat source system is a solar heat collector 8, and is connected in series with one or two of an electric heat pump 9, a natural gas hot blast stove or a biomass hot blast stove.
Most of northwest China and western China are oil and gas field areas, natural gas resources are rich and cheap, a complementary form of solar energy and natural gas hot blast stove phosgene can be considered, a large alfalfa drying plant producing 20 ten thousand tons every year can be considered, and a solar heat collector can be a solar air heat collector 60000m2The array of the plug-in pipe is complementary with a 3000KW natural gas hot-blast stove, the natural gas hot-blast stove is of an automatic frequency conversion type, the high-temperature hot air output by the natural gas hot-blast stove is considered to be more beneficial to drying of the plug-in pipe section, the controllable output temperature is about 150 ℃, the air temperature of other sections is about 60 ℃, hot and humid air can be discharged from the plug-in pipe drying section and directly sent into a heat recovery device through a pipeline, and the hot and humid air can also be discharged into a drying bin and then mixed with gas in the drying bin and then.
The rest is the same as example 4.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the width of the drying chamber is designed to be 10 meters, and 3 drying lines are installed in the drying chamber according to the working conditions of the above embodiment, and the yield of the dry alfalfa bales is 6900T per 24 hours. The rest is the same as example 1.
Heat utilization efficiency example:
according to the invention, through scientific design of the drying bin, the hot air flow direction is opposite to the material, convection is carried out on the preheating insertion pipe, each drying process, latent heat recovery and sensible heat recovery are common, and the circulating heat energy utilization design of drying and squeezing out the heat energy is adopted, the latent heat recovery rate is 95%, the sensible heat recovery rate is 80%, the theoretical heat efficiency is 76%, and the drying heat efficiency is 46% higher than that of the prior art.
Energy conservation and emission reduction social benefits:
6000MJ/m in western II-class illumination resource region of China2Designing a large-scale drying project of annual 30 ten thousand tons of alfalfa grass bales and designing a solar large-scale high-efficiency heat collection array of 50000m2And saving 10150 tons of standard coal annually and reducing emission of carbon dioxide 25375 tons of standard coal.
Due to the adoption of scientific high-efficiency heat utilization rate, the annual standard is saved by 5600 tons, and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced by 14000 tons.
The standard coal is saved by 15750 tons in total, and the carbon dioxide is reduced by 39370 tons.
Other social benefits are as follows:
the implementation and popularization of the invention have great significance for replacing import of high-quality alfalfa which is produced independently in China and closely related to the quality of the living standard of people and solving the food safety of meat, eggs and milk in China.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the front end of the drying chamber is provided with a hot air inlet, the rear end of the drying chamber can be provided with a wet hot air outlet and a heat recovery device chamber, and hot air in the drying chamber flows from front to back. The latent heat recovery section in the drying bin is the front end, and the feeding preheating section in the drying bin is the rear end. The plate heat exchanger made of hydrophilic aluminum foil is arranged in a heat recovery chamber at the tail end of the drying bin, the feeding preheating section is the tail end of the drying bin, the working air pressure of the plate air heat exchanger is 300pa, and the maximum air flow is 60 ten thousand meters3And n, discharging the high-humidity gas into the environment, and introducing the fresh air heated by heat exchange into a solar heat collection system, wherein the heat recovery efficiency (theory) is 81%.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 9:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, when the heat source system is a solar and air source heat pump, since the COP energy efficiency ratio of the air source heat pump is less than or equal to 1.5 in autumn and winter, especially at night, in the western and western regions of China, and the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ at-15 ℃, the COP energy efficiency ratio is less than or equal to 0.8, so that the air source heat pump stops operating under low temperature protection, based on the characteristics of the air source heat pump, the invention can use the air source heat pump as a dehumidification heat exchange system 10, when the damp heat is recovered, the characteristics of the invention can be used for recovering the sensible heat of the damp heat, and simultaneously, the COP energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump is maintained to be more than or equal to 4.2, and the damp heat passes through the waste heat absorbed by the heat pump, so as to heat fresh air, and then the fresh air.
For example, 2 heat recovery heat pumps with 100kw power and 30 ten thousand m of over-flow3And n, the temperature of warm air at the tail end of the drying bin is 40-45 ℃, the energy efficiency ratio COP of the heat pump is more than or equal to 4.5, and the stable operation is not influenced by climate.
The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a control system can be adopted for intelligent control, all fan heat pumps and transmission, the pipe insertion section liquid-gas mechanism mechanical group are designed by frequency conversion automatic PLC programming, in each process section, sensors for temperature, humidity and flow are provided, the intelligent system can measure the humidity data of the incoming material in the feeding section and transmit the data to a computer, and the dehydration index and the working condition time of each drying section, and the transmission action, speed and time are calculated. The intelligent control is set by adopting the prior art, and is not described in detail.
The rest is the same as example 1.
The description of the directions and the relative position relationship of the structures in the present invention, such as the description of the front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower, does not limit the present invention, and is only for the convenience of description.
Claims (10)
1. The drying method for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preheating the feed; the device is used for buffering the feeding of the inserted pipe drying station and preheating the alfalfa bale by using the heat in the drying bin;
(2) and (3) drying the insertion tube: the inserting tube (1.6) is inserted into the alfalfa bale, an inserting tube hole is arranged on the inserting tube (1.6), hot air is introduced into the inserting tube, and a sharp head is arranged at the bottom of the inserting tube;
(3) convection drying: run through alfalfa bale and let in hot-blast convection drying, alfalfa bale both sides are through relative arrangement blast hood (2.2) and the cover (2.3) that induced drafts, run through blast hood (2.2) and be equipped with convection current air-blower (2.1), it is equipped with convection current draught fan (2.4) to run through cover (2.3) that induced drafts, convection current air-blower (2.1) and convection current draught fan (2.4) relative arrangement, mutually support, the alfalfa bale both sides are located in blast hood (2.2) and the cover (2.3) that induced drafts.
2. The efficient and productive drying method of alfalfa bales according to claim 1, characterized in that the convection direction formed by the suction hood (2.3) and the blowing hood (2.2) is parallel to the insertion tube (1.6).
3. The efficient high-yield drying method of alfalfa bales according to claim 2, characterized in that the insertion tubes (1.6) are arranged horizontally, vertically or obliquely.
4. The method for drying the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized in that the other end of the insertion pipe (1.6) is communicated with a hollow wind collecting cavity (1.5), the upper part of the wind collecting cavity (1.5) is communicated with a pipeline pump (1.2), and the top of the wind collecting cavity (1.5) is connected with a power cylinder.
5. The efficient high-yield drying method for alfalfa bales as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that after convection drying, ordinary drying and latent heat recovery are performed;
ordinary drying: introducing hot air for drying;
latent heat recovery: and recovering the waste heat to obtain the dried alfalfa bale.
6. The drying equipment for the alfalfa bale with high efficiency and high yield is characterized by comprising a drying bin (6), wherein a conveying system (7) is arranged in the drying bin (6), and a feeding preheating section (5), an inserting tube drying section (1) and a convection drying section (2) are sequentially arranged on the conveying system (7);
intubate stoving section (1) is including hollow collection wind chamber (1.5), collection wind chamber (1.5) upper portion intercommunication tubing pump (1.2), and a plurality of intubate (1.6) are arranged side by side to collection wind chamber (1.5) bottom, and collection wind chamber (1.5) and intubate intercommunication, the power cylinder is connected at collection wind chamber top.
7. The efficient and high-yield alfalfa bale drying equipment as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the insertion tube (1.6) is provided with a plurality of insertion tube holes (1.61), and the bottom of the insertion tube (1.6) is provided with an insertion tube tip (1.62).
8. Drying equipment for alfalfa bales with high efficiency and high yield according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the insertion tubes (1.6) are arranged horizontally, vertically or obliquely.
9. The efficient high-yield alfalfa bale drying equipment of claim 8, characterized in that the convection drying section comprises a blast hood (2.2) and a suction hood (2.3) arranged opposite each other, a convection blower (2.1) is provided through the blast hood (2.2), and a convection draft fan (2.4) is provided through the suction hood (2.3); the convection direction formed by the induced draft hood (2.3) and the blast hood (2.2) is parallel to the intubation tube (1.6).
10. Efficient and high-yield alfalfa bale drying equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that the convection blower (2.1) inlet is arranged towards the discharge end; the air outlet of the convection induced draft fan (2.4) is arranged towards the feeding end, and the blast hood (2.2) and the air suction hood (2.3) are arranged at two sides of the material on the conveying system (7).
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| CN114216318A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-22 | 北京中科草牧科技发展有限公司 | Bale drying system |
| EP4108071A1 (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-12-28 | Alois Zitzelsberger | System for drying plant fibre bales |
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