CN111732410B - 一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111732410B CN111732410B CN202010862649.XA CN202010862649A CN111732410B CN 111732410 B CN111732410 B CN 111732410B CN 202010862649 A CN202010862649 A CN 202010862649A CN 111732410 B CN111732410 B CN 111732410B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖及其制备方法,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下原料制成:高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖。本发明所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖具有良好的抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性;所述的配方中通过加入纳米二氧化钛、硅酸锌、硅藻泥、氧化硼等抗菌因子,使得本发明所述的配方具有一定的抗菌基础,再通过加入改性纳米氧化锌、改性壳聚糖来显著提高抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性,其中改性壳聚糖能够显著限制金属粒子发生团聚现象,有效提高抗菌活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及瓷砖技术领域,具体涉及一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着生活水平的提高和工作环境的改善,人们对建筑瓷砖的要求已经超越其单纯的建筑装饰功能,越来越注重其功能化的应用。瓷砖的功能化已成为国内建陶行业发展的主要方向之一。建筑瓷砖的抗菌性能对于提升产品的附加值具有重要的意义。抗菌瓷砖是一种保护环境的新型功能材料,是抗菌剂、抗菌技术与瓷砖材料结合的产物,也是材料科学与微生物学相结合的产物。它在保持瓷砖制品原有使用功能和装饰效果的同时,增加消毒、杀菌及化学降解的功能。因此被广泛用于卫生、医疗、家庭居室、民用或工业建筑等行业,受到各国的重视。
金属离子 (金属或金属氧化物) 型抗菌材料是指金属离子,然而金属分散体的稳定性以及纳米颗粒的团聚问题常常给科研工作者带来困扰。目前的抗菌瓷砖在抗菌方面和抗菌稳定持久性方面存在一定缺点。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖及其制备方法,能够有效的抗菌,且具有稳定持久的抗菌作用。
本发明解决其技术问题采用以下技术方案:
一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:20~40份高岭土、20~35份石英砂、15~25份莫来石、12~20份白垩粉、6~12份硅酸锌、5~10份改性纳米氧化锌、4~10份碳酸锶、4~8份硅藻泥、2~6份氧化铝、2~5份氧化硼、2~5份纳米二氧化钛、1~4份改性壳聚糖。
本发明的发明人在大量的瓷砖配方实践研究中发现,通过将金属氧化物(纳米二氧化钛、改性纳米氧化锌)、改性壳聚糖、硅酸锌、硅藻泥、氧化硼抗菌因子加入到瓷砖配方中,能够显著的提高瓷砖的抗菌作用,同时,彼此之间相互作用,充分发挥各抗菌因子的优势,在彼此协同抗菌的同时,能够有效的防止金属纳米粒子的团聚,使得本发明所述的抗菌瓷砖具有稳定持久的抗菌作用,且彼此之间相容性好。
作为一种优选方案,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:28~40份高岭土、20~30份石英砂、15~20份莫来石、12~18份白垩粉、8~12份硅酸锌、5~9份改性纳米氧化锌、4~9份碳酸锶、4~7份硅藻泥、2~5份氧化铝、2~4份氧化硼、3~5份纳米二氧化钛、1~3份改性壳聚糖。
作为一种最优选方案,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:35份高岭土、28份石英砂、18份莫来石、14份白垩粉、10份硅酸锌、7份改性纳米氧化锌、5份碳酸锶、5份硅藻泥、4份氧化铝、4份氧化硼、3份纳米二氧化钛、2份改性壳聚糖。
作为一种优选方案,所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将4~6份钛酸四丁酯加入到6~10份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2~3份去离子水加入到3~5份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1~2份纳米氧化锌分散于6~9份无水乙醇中,加入0.4~0.8 份硅烷偶联剂,在35~50℃下搅拌2~4h,抽滤2~4次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤2~4次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温4~6h,冷却,干燥,研磨至50~80nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
将纳米氧化锌直接加入到瓷砖配方中,在高温制砖过程中,会导致纳米氧化锌结构遭受破坏而失去活性,本发明通过将纳米氧化锌用纳米二氧化钛包裹住,保护其高温制砖的结构完整性能,提高其抗菌效果以及稳定持久抗菌性。
作为一种优选方案,所述硅烷偶联剂为kh-550。
作为一种优选方案,所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将4~6份壳聚糖分散于20~30份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入0.5~2份异丁香酚、0.05~0.15份酪氨酸酶,28~35℃下以400~600rpm转速搅拌4~8h,用去离子水洗涤2~4次,干燥,研磨,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
通过酪氨酸酶将异丁香酚酶法催化接枝到壳聚糖分子上,进一步提高抗菌活性,同时改性壳聚糖能够有效的限制金属纳米粒子的团聚作用,还能够提高抗菌稳定持久性。
作为一种优选方案,所述磷酸缓冲溶液pH为5.9~6.4。
作为一种优选方案,所述研磨至50~80nm。
本发明还提供了一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,用于制备所述的抗菌瓷砖,所述制备方法包含以下步骤:
S1:将高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖加入球磨机中,湿法球磨18~25h,过200~300目筛,烘干,得到混合料;
S2:将混合料用成型机在75~85MPa下压制成型,得到干坯;
S3:将干坯以8~15℃/min的速率升温至1150~1250℃,保温2~3h,再以10~15℃/min的速率降温至850~950℃,保温1~2h,冷却至常温,经磨边即得所述抗菌瓷砖。
作为一种最优选方案,所述S2在80 MPa下压制成型。
本发明的有益效果:(1)本发明所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖具有良好的抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性;(2)本发明的配方中通过加入纳米二氧化钛、改性纳米氧化锌、改性壳聚糖、硅酸锌、硅藻泥、氧化硼抗菌因子,彼此之间相互作用,充分发挥各抗菌因子的优势,能有效的抗菌;(3)所述的配方中通过加入纳米二氧化钛、硅酸锌、硅藻泥、氧化硼等抗菌因子,使得本发明所述的配方具有一定的抗菌基础,再通过加入改性纳米氧化锌、改性壳聚糖来显著提高抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性,其中改性壳聚糖能够显著限制金属粒子发生团聚现象,有效提高抗菌活性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明除特别声明外,所述的“份”均为重量份。
实施例1
一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:35份高岭土、28份石英砂、18份莫来石、14份白垩粉、10份硅酸锌、7份改性纳米氧化锌、5份碳酸锶、5份硅藻泥、4份氧化铝、4份氧化硼、3份纳米二氧化钛、2份改性壳聚糖。
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将5份钛酸四丁酯加入到9份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2.2份去离子水加入到4.8份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1.8份纳米氧化锌分散于8份无水乙醇中,加入0.5 份kh-550,在42℃下搅拌3h,抽滤3次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温5h,冷却,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将5份壳聚糖分散于28份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入1.2份异丁香酚、0.12份酪氨酸酶,30℃下以500rpm转速搅拌7h,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
所述磷酸缓冲溶液pH为6.2。
所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
S1:将高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖加入球磨机中,湿法球磨24h,过250目筛,烘干,得到混合料;
S2:将混合料用成型机在80MPa下压制成型,得到干坯;
S3:将干坯以10℃/min的速率升温至1180℃,保温2.8h,再以12℃/min的速率降温至900℃,保温1.8h,冷却至常温,经磨边即得所述抗菌瓷砖。
实施例2
一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:20份高岭土、20份石英砂、15份莫来石、12份白垩粉、6份硅酸锌、5份改性纳米氧化锌、4份碳酸锶、4份硅藻泥、2份氧化铝、2份氧化硼、2份纳米二氧化钛、1份改性壳聚糖。
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将5份钛酸四丁酯加入到9份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2.2份去离子水加入到4.8份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1.8份纳米氧化锌分散于8份无水乙醇中,加入0.5 份kh-550,在42℃下搅拌3h,抽滤3次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温5h,冷却,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将5份壳聚糖分散于28份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入1.2份异丁香酚、0.12份酪氨酸酶,30℃下以500rpm转速搅拌7h,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
所述磷酸缓冲溶液pH为5.9。
所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
S1:将高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖加入球磨机中,湿法球磨24h,过250目筛,烘干,得到混合料;
S2:将混合料用成型机在80MPa下压制成型,得到干坯;
S3:将干坯以10℃/min的速率升温至1180℃,保温2.8h,再以12℃/min的速率降温至900℃,保温1.8h,冷却至常温,经磨边即得所述抗菌瓷砖。
实施例3
一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:40份高岭土、35份石英砂、25份莫来石、20份白垩粉、12份硅酸锌、10份改性纳米氧化锌、10份碳酸锶、8份硅藻泥、6份氧化铝、5份氧化硼、5份纳米二氧化钛、4份改性壳聚糖。
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将5份钛酸四丁酯加入到9份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2.2份去离子水加入到4.8份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1.8份纳米氧化锌分散于8份无水乙醇中,加入0.5 份kh-550,在42℃下搅拌3h,抽滤3次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温5h,冷却,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将5份壳聚糖分散于28份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入1.2份异丁香酚、0.12份酪氨酸酶,30℃下以500rpm转速搅拌7h,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
所述磷酸缓冲溶液pH为6.4。
所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
S1:将高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖加入球磨机中,湿法球磨24h,过250目筛,烘干,得到混合料;
S2:将混合料用成型机在80MPa下压制成型,得到干坯;
S3:将干坯以10℃/min的速率升温至1180℃,保温2.8h,再以12℃/min的速率降温至900℃,保温1.8h,冷却至常温,经磨边即得所述抗菌瓷砖。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1不同之处在于,所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备参数不同于实施例1,其他都相同。
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将4份钛酸四丁酯加入到6份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2份去离子水加入到3份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1份纳米氧化锌分散于6份无水乙醇中,加入0.4份硅烷偶联剂,在35℃下搅拌2h,抽滤3次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温4h,冷却,干燥,研磨至50nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1不同之处在于,所述的改性壳聚糖的制备参数不同于实施例1,其他都相同。
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将6份壳聚糖分散于30份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入2份异丁香酚、0.15份酪氨酸酶,35℃下以600rpm转速搅拌8h,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,研磨,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1不同之处在于,对比例1不含有改性壳聚糖,其他都相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1不同之处在于,对比例2用壳聚糖替换改性壳聚糖,其他都相同。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1不同之处在于,对比例3不含有改性纳米氧化锌,其他都相同。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例1不同之处在于,对比例4用纳米氧化锌替换改性纳米氧化锌,其他都相同。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例1不同之处在于,所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法不同于实施例1,其他都相同。
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将5份壳聚糖分散于28份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入1.2份丁香酚、0.12份酪氨酸酶,30℃下以500rpm转速搅拌7h,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例1不同之处在于,所述的改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法不同于实施例1,其他都相同。
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将5份钛酸四丁酯加入到9份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2.2份去离子水加入到4.8份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1.8份预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤3次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温5h,冷却,干燥,研磨至60nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌。
为了进一步证明本发明的效果,提供了以下测试方法:
1.根据GB15979-2002标准,针对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌进行杀菌实验,用无菌去离子水对实施例1~5、对比例1~6中制备的抗菌瓷砖清洗后烘干,然后向抗菌瓷砖中加入100mL无菌去离子水,然后向其中分别加入1mL浓度为1X103CFU/g的大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌,在常温下放置4h后,测定实施例1~5、对比例1~6中去离子水中大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌的含量,然后测定其杀菌率,测试结果见表1。
表1 抗菌测试结果
2.抗菌耐久性测试
将实施例1~5、对比例1~6制备的抗菌瓷砖用84消毒液均匀清洗15次,清洗完后,再按照1所述的方法测试抗菌性能,测试结果见表2。
表2 抗菌耐久性测试
从表1、表2中可看出,本发明所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖具有良好的抗菌效果,且抗菌效果持久稳定,对比实施例1~3可知,不同的瓷砖配方的配比能够在一定范围内影响抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性;对比实施例1与对比例4、5可知,不同的改性壳聚糖的制备参数以及改性纳米氧化锌制备参数(在本发明所述的制备参数内)能够在一定范围内影响抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性;对比实施例1与对比例1~2可知,所述的改性壳聚糖能够显著提高抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性,当改性壳聚糖被壳聚糖替换后,抗菌效果和抗菌耐久性也会下降,对比实施例1与对比例3、4可知,所述的改性纳米氧化锌能够显著提高抗菌效果以及抗菌耐久性,当改性纳米氧化锌被纳米氧化锌替换后,抗菌效果和抗菌耐久性也会下降;对比实施例1与对比例5可知,当所述的改性壳聚糖中的异丁香酚被丁香酚替换后,抗菌效果会下降,抗菌耐久性也会在一定幅度内下降,对比实施例1与对比例6可知,所述的改性纳米氧化锌制备方法中的S2去除,抗菌效果会下降,抗菌耐久性会在一定幅度内下降。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:20~40份高岭土、20~35份石英砂、15~25份莫来石、12~20份白垩粉、6~12份硅酸锌、5~10份改性纳米氧化锌、4~10份碳酸锶、4~8份硅藻泥、2~6份氧化铝、2~5份氧化硼、2~5份纳米二氧化钛、1~4份改性壳聚糖;
所述改性纳米氧化锌的制备方法为:
(1)将4~6份钛酸四丁酯加入到6~10份无水乙醇中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液A,再将2~3份去离子水加入到3~5份乙醇中,形成溶液B,将溶液B滴加入溶液A中,搅拌均匀,得到溶液C;
(2)将1~2份纳米氧化锌分散于6~9份无水乙醇中,加入0.4~0.8 份硅烷偶联剂,在35~50℃下搅拌2~4h,抽滤2~4次,干燥,得到预处理纳米氧化锌;
(3)将预处理纳米氧化锌加入溶液C中,搅拌均匀,干燥,冷却,用去离子水洗涤2~4次,干燥,置于马沸炉中,在500℃保温4~6h,冷却,干燥,研磨至50~80nm,即得所述的改性纳米氧化锌;
所述改性壳聚糖的制备方法为:将4~6份壳聚糖分散于20~30份磷酸缓冲溶液中,加入0.5~2份异丁香酚、0.05~0.15份酪氨酸酶,28~35℃下以400~600rpm转速搅拌4~8h,用去离子水洗涤2~4次,干燥,研磨至50~80nm,即得所述的改性壳聚糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:28~40份高岭土、20~30份石英砂、15~20份莫来石、12~18份白垩粉、8~12份硅酸锌、5~9份改性纳米氧化锌、4~9份碳酸锶、4~7份硅藻泥、2~5份氧化铝、2~4份氧化硼、3~5份纳米二氧化钛、1~3份改性壳聚糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述抗菌瓷砖由以下重量份原料制成:35份高岭土、28份石英砂、18份莫来石、14份白垩粉、10份硅酸锌、7份改性纳米氧化锌、5份碳酸锶、5份硅藻泥、4份氧化铝、4份氧化硼、3份纳米二氧化钛、2份改性壳聚糖。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述硅烷偶联剂为kh-550。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖,其特征在于,所述磷酸缓冲溶液pH为5.9~6.4。
6.一种含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于,用于制备如权利要求1~5任一所述的抗菌瓷砖,所述制备方法包含以下步骤:
S1:将高岭土、石英砂、莫来石、白垩粉、硅酸锌、改性纳米氧化锌、碳酸锶、硅藻泥、氧化铝、氧化硼、纳米二氧化钛、改性壳聚糖加入球磨机中,湿法球磨18~25h,过200~300目筛,烘干,得到混合料;
S2:将混合料用成型机在75~85MPa下压制成型,得到干坯;
S3:将干坯以8~15℃/min的速率升温至1150~1250℃,保温2~3h,再以10~15℃/min的速率降温至850~950℃,保温1~2h,冷却至常温,经磨边即得所述抗菌瓷砖。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含有金属氧化物的抗菌瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2在80 MPa下压制成型。
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