CN111731442A - A special engineering vessel suitable for deep sea crude oil transfer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, comprising a hull and a crude oil conveying system. The oil pipeline, the joint, the pressure monitoring sensor of the oil pipeline and the deck spreader; the power device: used to maintain the safe position of the hull under severe wind, wave and current conditions. A special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer described in the present invention builds a crude oil transfer bridge between FPSO and VLCC, increases the single transfer volume of deep-sea crude oil, reduces the overall transportation cost of crude oil, and explores new profits The space is equipped with a reliable electronic control system, which can adjust the overall working status based on the specific meteorological conditions during operation and the monitoring results of the working conditions of the oil pipeline, avoid ship collision and oil pipeline leakage problems, and bring better application prospects.

Description

A special engineering vessel suitable for deep sea crude oil transfer

technical field

The invention relates to the field of offshore oil transportation, in particular to a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer.

Background technique

The traditional crude oil transshipment usually adopts the combination of "FPSO (floating production and storage vessel) + shuttle tanker". Considering the complex sea conditions under the combined action of wind, waves and currents near the FPSO operating area, a shuttle tanker with good dynamic positioning performance can be better. Approaching FPSO, complete the transfer of crude oil. However, the current international oil price continues to run at a high level. The “FPSO+shuttle tanker” transshipment mode transports a small amount of crude oil in a single time, and the transportation cost is relatively high. Especially for long-distance transportation, this defect is particularly significant and greatly reduces the Profit margins for crude oil mining companies.

Compared with shuttle tankers, VLCCs (very large tankers) have a larger single transportation volume, which can greatly reduce the transshipment cost of offshore crude oil. However, the traditional VLCC ship type has poor dynamic positioning capability. If it is close to the FPSO for crude oil transfer, it needs the help of complex multi-point mooring and auxiliary ships to achieve a relatively steady state, and has relatively high requirements on the seabed conditions in the operating area. Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is urgent to develop a special ship with good dynamic positioning capability to build a transshipment bridge between FPSO and VLCC. For this reason, we propose a special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, including a hull and a crude oil conveying system, the hull includes a power unit, a mooring system and an electronic control system, and the crude oil conveying system includes an oil pipeline winch, an oil pipeline, a joint, Oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor and deck spreader;

The power unit: used to maintain the safe position of the hull under severe wind, wave and current conditions;

The mooring system: select the appropriate mooring point on the FPSO according to the current conditions during operation, use the single-point mooring method to keep the hull and the FPSO relatively static, and detect the tensile stress on the mooring ropes at the same time. and the angle of retraction;

The electronic control system: used to monitor the meteorological conditions of the working sea area where the hull is located, and also to share data with VLCC and FPSO, and to issue work instructions to the power plant and crude oil transportation system to guide their operation;

The oil pipeline winch: used for the storage and release of the oil pipeline;

The oil pipeline stress monitoring sensor: used to monitor the internal pressure of the oil pipeline and the tensile stress on the pipe wall and outside;

The deck spreader: used to assist the retraction of oil pipelines.

Preferably, the power device includes a ducted propeller arranged at the stern of the hull and a side thruster arranged at the bow and side of the hull, which can provide a large thrust to adjust the attitude of the hull. The side thrust is symmetrically arranged in the front part of the hull, which can be individually controlled to provide a suitable amount of side thrust to assist in the adjustment of the hull's attitude.

Preferably, the mooring system comprises a mooring line, a mooring winch and a sensor located at a location where the mooring winch line is retracted, the mooring line being connected to a mooring point on the FPSO;

The mooring winch: used for the retraction and release of the mooring rope;

The sensor: used to monitor the size of the mooring force and the deflection angle.

Preferably, the electronic control system includes a central processing unit, and the central processing unit is located in the functional cabin of the hull;

The central processing unit: used to process the relevant data from the wind and wave current sensor and the mooring force and direction of the mooring system, and issue work instructions to the main thruster, adjust the floating state of the barge, and can process the stress monitoring from the oil pipeline. Sensor data, monitor the working status of the oil pipeline, and issue emergency instructions to the emergency release valve if necessary to avoid the risk of crude oil leakage.

Preferably, both the oil pipeline winch and the deck spreader are arranged on the deck of the hull.

Preferably, the number of the oil pipelines and the joints are several groups, and the several groups of the oil pipelines and the several sets of joints form the oil pipeline between the VLCC and the FPSO by connecting in multiple sections, and the connection between the oil pipeline and the joint is provided with Sealing rubber ring.

Preferably, the inside of the joint is provided with an emergency release valve structure, and the emergency release valve structure is used to receive an instruction from the electronic control system to complete the disconnection of the joint and the closure of the release valve when an emergency occurs, so as to achieve extreme The function of emergency cut off oil transportation in case of emergency to avoid oil leakage.

Preferably, the emergency release valve structure includes a buckle, a spring and a sealing valve, and the buckle is used for docking and releasing the oil pipeline.

Preferably, the oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor is arranged on the oil pipeline.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention builds a crude oil transshipment bridge between FPSO and VLCC, increases the single transshipment volume of deep-sea crude oil, reduces the overall transportation cost of crude oil, and explores new profit margins;

2. The transfer barge is equipped with a reliable electronic control system, which can adjust the overall working status based on the specific meteorological conditions during operation and the monitoring results of the working condition of the oil pipeline, so as to avoid the collision of ships and the occurrence of crude oil leakage from the oil pipeline.

The parts not involved in the device are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by using the prior art.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of working mode schematic diagram of a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to the present invention;

2 is a schematic side view of the structural arrangement of a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to the present invention;

3 is a schematic top view of the structural arrangement of a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a joint in a special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1. Hull; 2. Crude oil conveying system; 3. Ducted propeller; 4. Side thruster; 5. Oil pipeline winch; 6. Deck spreader; 7. Mooring winch; 8. Buckle; 9. Spring; 10. Sealing valve; 11. Central processing unit.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", " The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, so as to The specific orientation configuration and operation are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the present invention.

A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, as shown in Figure 1, includes a hull 1 and a crude oil transportation system 2. The hull 1 includes a power plant, a mooring system and an electronic control system, and the crude oil transportation system 2 includes an oil pipeline Winches 5, oil pipelines, joints, pressure monitoring sensors for oil pipelines and deck spreaders 6;

Power unit: used to maintain the safe position of hull 1 under severe wind, wave and current conditions;

Mooring system: It is used to maintain the relative stillness between FPSO, CTV and VLCC, and create conditions for the transfer of crude oil, that is, according to the current conditions during operation, select the appropriate mooring point on the FPSO, and adopt the method of single-point mooring Keep the hull 1 and the FPSO relatively stationary, and at the same time detect the tensile stress on the mooring ropes and the angle of retraction;

Electronic control system: It is used to monitor the meteorological conditions of the working sea area where the hull 1 is located, share data with VLCC and FPSO, and issue work instructions to the power plant and crude oil conveying system 2 to guide its operation;

Oil pipeline winch 5: used for storage and release of oil pipeline;

Oil pipeline stress monitoring sensor: used to monitor the internal pressure of the oil pipeline and the tensile stress on the pipe wall and outside;

Deck spreader 6: used to assist the retraction of oil pipelines.

The transfer barge selects a suitable mooring point on the FPSO based on the specific wind, wave and current conditions of the day, and uses a single-point mooring method to remain relatively stationary with the FPSO. At the same time, the VLCC also adopts a single-point mooring method to connect with the transfer barge. Three ships The mooring ropes between them are approximately on the same straight line and are subjected to tensile stress most of the time.

As shown in Figure 2, the power plant includes a ducted propeller 3 arranged on the stern of the hull 1 and a thruster 4 arranged on the bow side of the hull 1. The ducted propellers 3 are arranged symmetrically on the starboard and starboard sides, and are used to adjust the attitude of the barge and The main source of power for propelling the ship forward, the side thrusters 4 are symmetrically arranged on the port and starboard sides, which can control the working state independently, and assist the main thruster to adjust the attitude of the barge. When the barge encounters sudden reverse wind and waves during operation, it is connected to it. Due to the large tonnage of VLCC, the acceleration caused by reverse wind and waves on VLCC in a short time is very small, and the reserved distance is enough for the VLCC main motor vehicle to return to a safe position to avoid collision, and special engineering ships can pass the main propulsion. The cooperation of the thruster and the thruster 4 controls the hull 1 within a safe range. When the actual sea condition exceeds the controllable range, the oil delivery system and the mooring system receive the command from the main control unit to disconnect, and the FPSO and the VLCC main motor vehicle are pulled apart. The distance between the three ships to avoid the risk of collision.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the mooring system includes a mooring rope, a mooring winch 7, and a sensor located at the location where the mooring winch 7 is retracted, and the mooring rope is connected to a mooring point on the FPSO;

Mooring winch 7: used for the retraction and release of mooring ropes;

Sensor: used to monitor the size of the mooring force and the deflection angle.

The FPSO uses anchoring and multi-point mooring to keep stationary on the sea surface. When the special engineering ship is working, the appropriate mooring point on the FPSO deck is selected according to the current direction of wind, waves and currents, and the mooring ropes are released using single-point mooring. The method remains relatively stationary with the FPSO, and the mooring force is transmitted through the rope to the mooring winch and finally to the deck of the transfer barge. VLCC also uses single-point mooring to keep the barge relatively stationary, and controls the safe distance between the three vessels by controlling the retractable length of the mooring rope.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the electronic control system includes a central processing unit 11, and the central processing unit 11 is located in the functional cabin of the boat body 1;

Central processing unit 11: It is used to process the relevant data from the wind wave current sensor and the mooring force and direction of the mooring system, and issue work instructions to the main thruster, adjust the floating state of the barge, and can process the stress monitoring sensor from the oil pipeline. data, monitor the working status of oil pipelines, and avoid the risk of crude oil leakage.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the oil pipeline winch 5 and the deck spreader 6 are both arranged on the deck of the hull 1 to assist in the retraction and retraction of the oil pipeline.

There are several groups of oil pipelines and joints. Several groups of oil pipelines and several sets of joints form the oil pipeline between VLCC and FPSO through multi-segment connection. The connection between the oil pipeline and the joint is provided with a sealing rubber ring.

The oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor is arranged on the oil pipeline.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the interior of the joint is provided with an emergency release valve structure. The emergency release valve structure is used to receive instructions from the electronic control system to complete the opening of the joint and the closing of the release valve when an emergency occurs.

The structure of the emergency release valve includes a buckle 8, a spring 9 and a sealing valve 10. The buckle 8 is used for the connection and release of the oil pipeline;

When the joint is separated, the spring 9 pops up and drives the sealing valve structure 10 to close, so as to avoid the occurrence of crude oil leakage. In addition, the pipeline is provided with a pipeline pressure monitoring sensor that monitors the pressure inside the pipeline and the tensile stress on the pipeline wall, and reports the pressure to the electric control system in real time. Transmission of status information, when the oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor detects abnormal state (such as excessive tensile stress on the oil pipeline caused by severe sea conditions, etc.), the electric control centralized control will make a timely judgment and guide the oil pipeline joint emergency release sealing valve 10 to be closed urgently to avoid crude oil leakage occurrence of the phenomenon.

It should be noted that the present invention is a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer, builds a crude oil transfer bridge between FPSO and VLCC, increases the single transfer volume of deep-sea crude oil, reduces the overall transportation cost of crude oil, and excavates crude oil. new profit margins. From an economic point of view, the whole ship cost of a conventional transfer barge is about 60 million US dollars. Based on the current international oil price, transporting crude oil by means of VLCC can save about 7 US dollars per ton compared with shuttle tankers. Therefore, for a 400,000-dollar ship For a ton of VLCC, the transportation cost of about 2.8 million US dollars can be saved by means of a transfer barge. Taking into account the frequency of use and maintenance costs of the transfer barge, it is expected that the construction cost can be recovered in three to four years. Therefore, in terms of the full life cycle cost of deep-sea crude oil exploitation and its supporting equipment, the use of barge can create new profit space.

In addition, the transfer barge is equipped with a reliable electronic control system, which can adjust the overall working status based on the specific meteorological conditions during operation and the monitoring results of the working conditions of the oil pipeline, so as to avoid the collision of ships and the occurrence of crude oil leakage from the oil pipeline.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. a special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer is characterized in that: comprising a hull (1) and a crude oil conveying system (2), the hull (1) comprising a power plant, a mooring system and an electric control a system, the crude oil transportation system (2) comprises an oil pipeline winch (5), an oil pipeline, a joint, an oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor and a deck spreader (6); The power unit: used to maintain the safe position of the hull (1) under severe wind, wave and current conditions; The mooring system: select an appropriate mooring point on the FPSO according to the current conditions during operation, and use a single-point mooring method to keep the hull (1) and the FPSO relatively stationary, and at the same time detect the impact on the mooring ropes. The magnitude of tensile stress and the angle of retraction; The electronic control system is used to monitor the meteorological conditions of the working sea area where the hull (1) is located, share data with VLCC and FPSO, and issue work instructions to the power plant and the crude oil conveying system (2) to guide its operation ; The oil pipeline winch (5): used for the storage and release of the oil pipeline; The oil pipeline stress monitoring sensor: used to monitor the internal pressure of the oil pipeline and the tensile stress on the pipe wall and outside; The deck spreader (6) is used to assist the retraction and release of the oil pipeline. 2. A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power device comprises a ducted propeller (3) arranged on the stern of the hull (1) and a ducted propeller (3) arranged on the Side thrust (4) on the bow side of the hull (1). 3. A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mooring system comprises a mooring rope, a mooring winch (7) and a mooring winch (7). ) sensors at the stowage of the mooring lines connected to the mooring points on the FPSO; The mooring winch (7): used for the retraction and release of the mooring rope; The sensor: used to monitor the size of the mooring force and the deflection angle. 4. A special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electronic control system comprises a central processing unit (11), and the central processing unit (11) is located in the hull of the boat (1) in the functional compartment; The central processing unit (11) is used to process the relevant data from the wind wave current sensor and the mooring force of the mooring system and the direction, and issue work instructions to the main thruster, adjust the floating state of the barge, and be able to process the data from the mooring force. The data of the oil pipeline stress monitoring sensor is used to monitor the working status of the oil pipeline. 5. A kind of special engineering ship suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oil pipeline winch (5) and deck spreader (6) are all arranged on the deck of boat hull (1) superior. 6. A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quantity of the oil pipelines and the joints is several groups, and the oil pipelines and the joints of several groups are connected by multiple sections The oil transmission channel between the VLCC and the FPSO is formed by means of the method, and a sealing rubber ring is provided at the connection between the oil transmission pipe and the joint. 7. A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 6, characterized in that: the interior of the joint is provided with an emergency release valve structure, and the emergency release valve structure: used in emergency situations When it occurs, the command of the electronic control system is received to complete the opening of the joint and the closing of the release valve. 8. A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 7, characterized in that: the emergency release valve structure comprises a snap (8), a spring (9) and a sealing valve (10), The buckle (8) is used for docking and releasing the oil pipeline. 9 . A special engineering vessel suitable for deep-sea crude oil transfer according to claim 1 , wherein the oil pipeline pressure monitoring sensor is arranged on the oil pipeline. 10 .

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