RU2378149C1 - Complex for feeding liquid cargo, mostly oil, to tanker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of tanker filling from underwater pipeline in ice conditions. Complex comprises icebreaker, tanker moored with its stern part to icebreaker stern, underwater pipeline with manifold, flexible hose connected to manifold, hoisting mechanism intended for transfer of flexible hose to tanker, service shaft of flexible hose arranged in hull of icebreaker stern part, cylindrical tube installed in service shaft of flexible hose with the possibility of its displacement in it, diving shaft arranged in icebreaker hull and diving stage installed with the possibility of its displacement in diving shaft. Complex is equipped with additional diving shaft arranged with transverse dimensions that are smaller than diametre of cylindrical tube, and with the possibility of its displacement inside cylindrical tube.

EFFECT: invention provides for improved safety and reliability of complex due to possibility for the second diver to go down as well.

7 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used in systems for transferring liquid cargo, mainly oil, mainly from the coast to the tanker in the winter.

State of the art

Severe climatic conditions in the northern regions of oil production impose stringent requirements on systems for the transfer of oil from the coast to the tanker, which would allow oil to be shipped not only in a short, warm period of time, but also in a long, cold period of time.

A ship system is known for loading or unloading a fluid, in particular oil, onto a vessel containing a receiving cavity open downward with a locking mechanism located therein for removable fastening in the receiving cavity of the buoy, which is mounted on anchors at the bottom of the sea and is connected at least with one transmitting pipeline for transporting a fluid, the receiving cavity is completely located in the submerged part of the bow of the vessel and connected to the deck of the vessel with a service shaft configured to pass through without it, a cable of a lifting means, lowered through the receiving cavity for connection with the buoy and its lifting into this cavity (RU, 2119874, C1, B63B 27/00, publ. 1998.10.10).

The known system is located on a ship and is designed to carry out cargo operations through an underwater buoy, which is connected to the ship in the receiving cavity located in the ship. From the buoy, fluid is transported to or from tanks on board the vessel.

The known system provides loading and unloading of fluid on a tanker in adverse weather conditions. However, it does not provide oil transfer during the winter period in ice conditions (shallow initial ice, steady landfast ice). In addition, the oil transshipment system itself is associated with a high risk of cargo operations carried out directly in the tanker hull. The known system also does not differ sufficiently high reliability, since a buoy sunk under water can be damaged by passing ships and other floating objects in shallow water.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a complex for transferring liquid cargo, including an icebreaker, a tanker moored bow to the stern of the icebreaker, an underwater pipeline with a manifold, a flexible hose connected to the manifold, a lifting mechanism designed to transfer a flexible hose to the tanker, a service shaft a flexible hose, located in the aft part of the icebreaker, a cylindrical tube installed in the shaft of the flexible hose with the possibility of its movement in it, water I know the mine, located in the icebreaker body, and the diving gazebo installed in the diving shaft with the possibility of its movement in it (RU, 2200109, C1, B63B 22/02, publ. 2003.03.10).

This complex provides the possibility of raid shipment of liquid cargo from the onshore tank farm to sea tankers during the winter period of time under the conditions of initial ice formation and steady landfast ice.

The proposed technical solution is a further development of the invention according to patent RU No. 2200109.

A limitation of the known object of the invention is the use of only one diving shaft for lowering and raising a diver. In the conditions of work in the Far North during the winter period, during ice formation and steady ice solder, this is insufficient for the diver's descent. A variety of emergency situations are possible in which it is vital to carry out an immediate descent or ascent of a diver. So, in case of emergency shutdown of equipment, for example, when oil products leak, urgent work is required to shut off the oil supply system, while a diver needs to shut off the valve of the underwater manifold, i.e. urgent descent of the diver. If the diver’s equipment malfunctions (spacesuit, air supply system) or the diving station’s equipment malfunctions (diving arbor jamming, etc.), it is necessary to urgently raise the diver aboard the icebreaker to save his life, which is not possible for one diving station .

To solve the problem of rescuing a diver in extreme conditions, it is possible to increase the number of diving mines on an icebreaker, but this would require additional heating of all diving mines under normal operating conditions, which would dramatically increase energy costs.

At the same time, in the well-known technical solution according to patent RU No. 2200109, the shaft of the flexible hose service has a device against icing. This prompted the developers of the complex system to an unobvious, but rather simple decision to use it for lifting and lowering a diver in extreme emergency situations when it is impossible to use a diving mine.

Disclosure of invention

The problem solved by the invention is the improvement of the technical and operational characteristics of the complex.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the reliability of the complex by ensuring the descent and ascent of the diver in any emergency situations, accelerate the shutdown of equipment in extreme cases with oil leaks to ensure quick and high-quality repair and commissioning of equipment, reducing energy consumption.

To solve the problem with achieving the specified technical result in a known complex for transferring liquid cargo, including an icebreaker, a tanker moored bow to the stern of the icebreaker, an underwater pipeline with a manifold, a flexible hose connected to the manifold, a hoisting mechanism designed to transmit a flexible hose to a tanker, a flexible hose service shaft located in the stern of the icebreaker aft, a cylindrical tube installed in the flexible hose service shaft with the possibility of According to the invention, the complex is equipped with an additional diving gazebo located in the aft part of the icebreaker in the flexible hose service shaft, while an additional diving shaft is located in the icebreaker body and installed in the last diving gazebo with the possibility of its movement in it. the gazebo is made with transverse dimensions smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube, with the possibility of its movement inside the cylindrical tube.

Additional options for the implementation of the complex are possible, in which it is advisable that:

- an additional diving crane-beam was introduced, located in the aft part of the icebreaker in the area of the flexible hose service shaft, connected by a cable to an additional diving gazebo;

- additional diving gazebo was made of cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube;

- the cylindrical tube was equipped with a conical pipe fixed in the lower part of the cylindrical tube.

Moreover, as in the well-known technical solution, it is advisable that:

- an auxiliary vessel moored to the stern of the tanker was introduced, designed to keep the tanker from moving;

- a pontoon was introduced, inside of which a shaft for servicing a flexible hose in the form of a cylinder with a cone-shaped bell in the lower part was made;

- the shaft for servicing the flexible hose was equipped with an anti-icing device for it and the cylindrical tube.

These advantages, as well as features of the invention are illustrated by the best option for its implementation with reference to the accompanying figures.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed complex;

figure 2 - shaft service flexible hose (scheme for raising and lowering the cylindrical tube);

figure 3 - schematically icebreaker, side view;

4 is a side view of a diagram of a transfer of a flexible hose to a tanker through an icebreaker flexible hose service shaft when the tanker is located directly at the stern of the icebreaker;

figure 5 is the same as figure 4, a top view;

6 is a diagram of a side view of the transfer of a flexible hose to a tanker through an icebreaker service shaft when the tanker is located at a distance of about 15 m from the stern of the icebreaker;

Fig.7 is the same as Fig.6, a top view;

Fig - pontoon to protect the flexible hose of the pipeline, side view;

Fig.9 is the same as Fig 8, a top view;

figure 10 - transmission diagram of the flexible hose from the pontoon to the icebreaker;

11 is a side view of a transmission diagram of a flexible hose from a pontoon to a tanker;

Fig is the same, top view.

The best embodiment of the invention

The complex (Fig. 1) for transferring liquid cargo, mainly oil, to tanker 1 contains a raid berth made in the form of four prismatic anchors 2 buried in the seabed. The oil transfer subsea pipeline 3 with a manifold 4 is equipped with a valve (not shown). A flexible hose 5 with a head (not shown) is connected to the manifold 4. An icebreaker 6 is moored to the raid berth with the help of anchors 2, to the stern 7 of which tanker 1 is moored directly or at a distance from the bow 8 (mooring not shown). From the side of the stern 10 of the tanker 1, an auxiliary vessel 9 is installed to keep the tanker from moving. The auxiliary vessel 9 is made in the form of a tugboat, for example, of the Neftegaz type.

In the aft part of the deck of the icebreaker 6 there is a device (Fig. 2) made in the form of a cylindrical tube 11 to protect the flexible hose 5 of the pipeline 3 from ice during tripping and during operation of the complex for transferring oil from the pipeline 3 through the hose 5 to tanker 1. In the aft icebreaker hull 6, a shaft for servicing a flexible hose 12 is placed, and a cylindrical tube 11 in the working position is located therein with the possibility of raising and lowering it. On the deck of the icebreaker 6 in the rear part there is a launching device made in the form of a spire 13 (Figs. 5, 7) with a cable 14 with the possibility of the latter passing through the shaft 12. The cylindrical tube 11 of the shaft 12 is equipped with guides 15 to ensure its smooth and without turning movements in the mine 12.

In the marching position, the cylindrical tube 11 is located and fixed in the aft part of the deck of the icebreaker 6 (Fig. 3, 11), and in the working position the cylindrical tube 11 is lowered down through the shaft 12 (Fig. 2, 6) so that its lower edge 16 is located below the lower edge of floating ice 0.5 m or 2 m below the waterline (structural waterline) of the icebreaker 6. Based on low operating temperatures, the material of the cylindrical tube 11 is selected frost-resistant, for example PC E32.

The upper part 17 of the shaft 12 is provided with means, for example, a clamping bracket 18 (Fig. 5), for fixing the flexible hose 5 and is made with closing means, for example, a removable cover 19. The removable cover 19 is used in the position of the cylindrical tube 11 in a marching manner. Mine 12 is equipped with a device 20 against icing of the last and cylindrical tubes 11. The device 20 is made in the form of a canvas cover with pressurization of hot air from the heating system of the icebreaker 6.

On the deck of the icebreaker 6 there is a diving post 21 (Fig. 3) equipped with a diving shaft 22 located in the icebreaker body 6 for lowering the diver in the gazebo (not shown).

In the aft part of the deck of the icebreaker 6 there is a launching mechanism for transferring the flexible hose 5 from the icebreaker 6 to the tanker 1 (Figs. 4-7). The trigger mechanism is made in the form of a spire 13 with a supporting cable 23. Moreover, in Figs. 4 and 5, tanker 1 is moored directly to the icebreaker 6, and in Figs. 6, 7 - at a distance of no more than 15 m.

The flexible hose 5 is equipped with a quick disconnect device 24 (Figs. 5-7) with a locking member. In the aft part of the deck of the icebreaker 6, a removable assembly platform 25 is installed (FIGS. 2-7, 10, 11), on which a container (not shown) is installed to collect possible leakages of liquid cargo when transferring the latter from the icebreaker 6 to tanker 1.

In the bow part 8 of the tanker 1, a manifold 26 is installed (FIGS. 5, 7) with a pipeline valve (not shown). Either a flexible hose 5 is connected to the manifold 26 (when mooring tanker 1 directly to the icebreaker 6) or an intermediate hose 27 equipped with a quick disconnect device 24 with the locking element needed to connect to the hose 5. The intermediate hose 27 is necessary when the tanker 1 is moored to the icebreaker 6 at a distance and there is not enough length of the flexible hose 5. In the bow part 8 of the tanker 1, an anchor-mooring winch 28 is installed for mooring operations.

A design feature of the invention is that the complex is equipped with an additional diving gazebo 29 (FIGS. 2, 4-7, 12) located on the deck in the stern of the icebreaker 6 in the area of the flexible hose maintenance shaft 5. Additional diving gazebo 29 is made with transverse dimensions smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube 11 of the shaft 12 of the service flexible hose 5, with the possibility of its movement inside the cylindrical tube 11.

In addition, an additional diving crane-beam 30 can be introduced into the complex (Figs. 5, 7, 12) located on the deck in the aft of the icebreaker 6 in the area of the mine 12. In this case, the diving crane-beam 30 is respectively connected by a cable to the additional diving gazebo 29.

Additional diving gazebo 29 can be made of cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube 11.

The cylindrical tube 11 (figure 2, 4, 6, 11) is equipped with a conical pipe 31, mounted in the lower part of the cylindrical tube 11.

The device for protecting the flexible hose 5 of the pipeline 3 can be made in the form of a pontoon 32 (Figs. 8-12) having a shaft 33 for servicing the flexible hose 5 and placed in the stowed position on the deck of the icebreaker 6. The pontoon 32 has a rectangular shape and vertical sides 34. In the middle part of the pontoon 32 there is a shaft 33 with a diameter of about 1 m, with a cone-shaped bell 35 in the lower part. To ensure the required draft (2 m), the lower part of the pontoon 32 is made permeable, the impermeable volume from below is limited by the second bottom 36 and divided into waterproof compartments or filled with foamed polymer.

For venting air from the permeable volume when putting the pontoon 32 onto the water, air pipes (not shown) extending from the second bottom 36 to the deck 37 of the pontoon 32 are provided, and holes in the bottom (not shown) for filling it with water. For cargo operations with the pontoon 32, four eyes 38 are provided. The pontoon 32 is welded from a steel sheet 10 mm thick. On the deck of the icebreaker 6 there is a mechanism for lowering and lifting the pontoon 32 from the icebreaker 6 to the water and vice versa, made in the form of a ship cargo crane 39 (Fig. 3). To move the pontoon 32 to the area of the underwater manifold 4, an auxiliary boat (not shown) is provided on the icebreaker 6 or mooring spiers 13 of the icebreaker 6 or anchor mooring winches 28 of the tanker 1 are used.

Stretching - mooring of the pontoon 32 to the tanker 1 and the icebreaker 6 is carried out by means of cables 40 (11, 12).

The complex works as follows.

The complex is used as a temporary construction for oil shipment in the winter period of time under the conditions of initial ice formation (shallow ice with a thickness of not more than 1.5 m).

An icebreaker 6 comes to the area where the pipeline 3 with the manifold 4 is located, paving the way for the tanker 1 in ice. The icebreaker 6 occupies a position close to the longitudinal axis of the berth (Fig. 1). Then, by means of mooring lines and prismatic anchors 2, the icebreaker 6 is fastened on the raid berth. After this, tanker 1 independently moors to the stern 7 of the icebreaker 6 with its bow 8. In turn, the auxiliary vessel 9 moors stern to the stern 10 of the tanker 1, embarking on its own anchors. The auxiliary vessel 9 is used in a shallow ice setting. The auxiliary vessel 9 selects a position that ensures that the stern 10 of the tanker 1 is kept from shifting during cargo operations. Moreover, the tanker 1 is moored to the icebreaker 6 directly or at a distance of no more than 15 m. The auxiliary vessel 9 occupies a position of 20-30 m from the stern 10 of tanker 1. After the mooring operations on the icebreaker 6 are completed, they prepare to lift the flexible hose 5 of pipeline 3. For this using a lifting mechanism from a diving post 21 through a diving shaft 22, a diver descends into a diving gazebo. The latter searches for a flexible hose 5 located on the seabed, connecting the tip of the hose 5 to the cable 14, and also opens the valve of the underwater manifold 4.

On the deck of the icebreaker 6 in the rear part of it, a cylindrical tube 11 is detached (Figs. 2-7, 11). To do this, using the cable 14 of the spire 13, for which a cylindrical tube 11 is fixed, along the guides 15, the latter is lowered into the shaft 12 so that its lower edge 16 is lower than the lower edge of the floating ice by 0.5 m or 2 m below the icebreaker 6 Then the cable 14 is disconnected from the cylindrical tube 11. After finding the hose 5, the diver connects the latter to the cable 14. Using a spike 13, the hose 5 is pulled through the cylindrical tube 11 to the deck of the icebreaker 6. However, the hose 5, due to the cylindrical tube 11, is not in contact with ice, which prevents of damage. Moreover, the cylindrical tube 11 is in the working position until the end of loading operations on the tanker 1. Thanks to the operation of the device 20, icing of the tube 11 and the shaft 12 is prevented, which ensures uninterrupted operation of the complex.

With the direct location of the icebreaker 6 tanker 1 moored at the stern 7, the flexible hose 5 is transferred to the tanker 1 with the support cable 23 and the spire 13 and connected to the cargo manifold 26 of the latter. With the location of the tanker 1 and the icebreaker 6 at a distance of the length of the flexible hose 5 is not enough (6, 7), therefore, the intermediate hose 27 is connected to the latter at the site 25 by means of quick couplings 24. Then it is pulled by the anchor-mooring winch 28 of the tanker 1 and held by a cable 23 the spire 13 of the icebreaker 6, the intermediate hose 27 is fed to the tanker 1.

On tanker 1, a hose 5 (or hose 27) is prepared for connecting to tanker 1 to the cargo manifold 26 by removing the plugs of the quick coupler 24 from hose 5 (hose 27) and connecting the hose 5 to the tanker cargo pipeline 1. After shipment of the required amount of oil to tanker 1 return the hose 5 of the underwater pipe 3 (or the intermediate hose 27) in the reverse order.

Using the cable 14 of the spire 13, the hose 5 is lowered through the tube 11, bypassing the ice, to the seabed. The diver disconnects the cable 14 from the hose 5, closes the valve of the underwater manifold 4.

The lowering and raising of the flexible hose 5 and oil shipment can be carried out using the pontoon 32 through its shaft 33 (Figs. 8-12), which protects the flexible hose 5 of the pipeline 3 from floating ice when lowering and lifting the flexible hose 5 from the bottom of the sea and during oil shipment. In this case, the pontoon 32 is used in conditions of shallow ice with a thickness of not more than 15 cm.

Using the ship’s cargo crane 39, the icebreaker 6 lowers the pontoon 32 onto the water. The latter, either with the help of an auxiliary boat of the icebreaker 6 or by mooring mechanisms of the latter, is diverted to the area of the underwater manifold 4. The diver lifts the hose 5 from the bottom of the sea. with a cable 14, which is fixed to the hose 5, the latter is passed through the shaft 33 of the pontoon 32. Then, the hose 5 is lifted to the icebreaker 6 to equip it with the means necessary for oil shipment (this is provided when setting tanker 1 directly about to the stern of the icebreaker 6).

If tanker 1 is located at a distance from the icebreaker 6 using an auxiliary boat or mooring mechanisms of icebreaker 6 and mooring winches 28 of tanker 1, pontoon 32 with hose 5 is transported to tanker 1. Pontoon 32 is moored - stretched to tanker 1 and icebreaker 6 with cables 40. Then oil shipping operations are being carried out.

The complex proposed as an invention allows for the loading of oil onto tanker 1 not only in the conditions of initial ice formation, but also in steady land ice. Icebreaker 6, independently laying its own canal in fast ice or, if necessary, moving behind a linear atomic icebreaker, for example, of the Taimyr type, goes into the area of the underwater manifold 4 and is fixed with the help of ice anchors 2. Tanker 1 approaches the icebreaker 6 along the channel and stands on two stern ice anchors. Then, the tanker 1 is pulled by the bow part 8 to the stern 7 of the icebreaker 6. Next, the descent and lifting operations of the cylindrical tube 11 (or pontoon 32), the raising of the hose 5 and the shipment of oil are performed similarly to the above.

Thus, as a result of the application of this invention, it is possible to provide raid shipment of liquid cargo, mainly oil, from the onshore tank farm with oil to sea tankers in the winter period under the conditions of initial ice formation and steady-state fast ice.

However, in the conditions of the Far North, during such complex operations, a variety of emergency situations are possible in which it is vital to immediately lower or raise a diver aboard the icebreaker 6. Thus, in case of emergency shutdown of equipment, for example, when oil products are leaked, it is urgent to shut down the supply system oil, diver - closing the valve of the underwater manifold 4, i.e. urgent descent of the diver is necessary.

If the diver’s equipment malfunctions (a spacesuit, an air supply system), an urgent diver needs to aboard the icebreaker 6 to save his life. In this situation, an emergency diver needs to aboard the icebreaker 6.

In case of malfunctions of the equipment of the diving station 21 (jamming of the diver's gazebo in the diving shaft 22, etc.), neither an emergency descent nor an emergency ascent of the diver through the diving shaft 22 is possible.

In these cases, the descent and rise of the diver is carried out through a cylindrical tube 11 of the shaft 12 (figure 2). For this, an additional diving gazebo 29 is connected to the cable 14 using a lifting mechanism through a cylindrical tube 11 in the working position, lower it to the bottom, take the diver and lift it aboard the icebreaker 6.

To speed up the diver’s rise or if there is any malfunction of the standard hoisting mechanism, an additional diving crane-beam 30 (Figs. 5, 7) is introduced, located at the starboard side on the deck in the aft part of the icebreaker 6 in the area of the shaft 12. In this case, the diving crane - the beam 30 is connected with its cable to the additional diving gazebo 29.

To facilitate the passage of an additional diving gazebo 29 in a cylindrical tube 11, it can be made of a cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube 11.

To improve and facilitate the entry of the additional diving gazebo 29 into the cylindrical tube 11 (FIGS. 2, 4, 6, 11), it is equipped with a conical pipe 31, which is installed in the lower part of the cylindrical tube 11. In addition, the conical pipe 31 eliminates the grinding of the flexible hose 5 in working position when it is misaligned with a cylindrical tube 11.

Thus, it is possible to ensure the speedy elimination of emergency situations, as well as emergency descent and ascent of the diver aboard the icebreaker 6 in any emergency.

Industrial applicability

The most successfully declared complex for the transfer of liquid cargo is industrially applicable for providing raid oil product shipment from the onshore tank farm to sea tankers in the winter period under conditions of initial ice formation with an ice thickness of not more than 1.5 m and in steady ice land.

Claims (7)

1. A complex for transferring liquid cargo, including an icebreaker, a tanker moored bow to the stern of the icebreaker, an underwater pipeline with a manifold, a flexible hose connected to the manifold, a lifting mechanism for transmitting a flexible hose to the tanker, a flexible hose service shaft located in the stern of the icebreaker, a cylindrical tube installed in the shaft for servicing a flexible hose with the possibility of its movement in it, a diving shaft located in the body of the icebreaker, and a diving imp a dock installed in the diving shaft with the possibility of its movement in it, characterized in that the complex is equipped with an additional diving gazebo located in the stern of the icebreaker in the area of the flexible hose maintenance shaft, while the additional diving gazebo is made with transverse dimensions smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube , with the possibility of its movement inside the cylindrical tube. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional diving crane is introduced, located in the aft part of the icebreaker in the area of the shaft of the flexible hose, connected by a cable to the additional diving gazebo. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional diving gazebo is made of a cylindrical shape with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical tube. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical tube is equipped with a conical pipe fixed in the lower part of the cylindrical tube. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary vessel is moored to the stern of the tanker, designed to keep the tanker from moving. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that a pontoon is inserted, inside of which a shaft for servicing a flexible hose in the form of a cylinder with a cone-shaped bell in the lower part is made. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the flexible hose is equipped with an anti-icing device and a cylindrical tube.

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