CN111729490A - 一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN111729490A
CN111729490A CN202010629006.0A CN202010629006A CN111729490A CN 111729490 A CN111729490 A CN 111729490A CN 202010629006 A CN202010629006 A CN 202010629006A CN 111729490 A CN111729490 A CN 111729490A
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waste gas
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戴军
郭家
冯文钦
王超
曹江行
张璇玑
洪波
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China Jiliang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了废气处理技术领域的一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，具体步骤是将活性炭再生过程中产生的废气依次经过充分燃烧工序、余热回收和SNCR脱硝工序、急冷工序、干式脱硫工序、除尘工序、喷淋工序、干燥工序、活性炭吸附工序、排放工序等处理工序，可以大幅度降低废气中的颗粒物、SO2、NO2、HCl、HF、二噁英、CO等，且具有效果显著，能够稳定达标等优点。整个工艺运行安全可靠，能够对各个工序实现自动化控制，操作方便。

Description

一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺
技术领域
本发明属于废气处理技术领域，具体涉及一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺。
背景技术
近年来，我国对环境保护越来越重视，各种标准相继出台，对各个行业的各种污染物的排放进行严格控制。活性炭的多孔结构结构提供了巨大的比表面积，可以做为一种吸附剂，广泛用于环境保护、污水处理、废气吸附等行业。但活性炭在使用过程中容易饱和而失去吸附能力，吸附饱和的活性炭有近一半属于危险废物。需要对这些危废活性炭进行再生才能恢复其吸附能力。
目前国内大多数活性炭企业用的再生法都是加热再生法。高温热再生方法是通过加热对活性炭进行热处理，使活性炭吸附的有机物在高温下炭化分解，最终成为气体逸出，从而使活性炭得到再生。虽然危废活性炭得到了再生，但再生过程中产生的废气仍是一个问题。危废活性炭脱附的废气主要有颗粒物、烟尘、未燃尽的VOCs、SO2、NO2、HCl、HF、二噁英、CO2、CO等。
2019年11月，国家有关单位再次发布《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准(二次征求意见稿)》，适用于用焚烧和高温热处理技术处理危险废物的行业，对其污染物排放限值进行严格控制。其中颗粒物由现在的65mg/m3-100mg/m3降到1小时均值30mg/m3，24小时均值20mg/m3、SO2由现在的200mg/m3-400mg/m3降到1小时均值200mg/m3，24小时均值100mg/m3、HF由现在的5mg/m3-9mg/m3降到1小时均值4mg/m3，24小时均值2mg/m3、HCl由现在的60mg/m3-100mg/m3降到1小时均值60mg/m3，24小时均值50mg/m3等。此标准拟在2021年1月1日执行。因此，发明一种处理效果能够稳定达标的活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，是当前急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明针对活性炭再生过程中产生的废气，提供一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，以解决目前活性炭再生过程中所产生的废气处理问题。使其污染物排放限值能够达到即将执行的《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准》和《大气污染物排放标准》。
为解决上述技术问题和达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，包括以下关键步骤：
步骤1、充分燃烧工序：活性炭再生过程中产生的废气进入燃烧炉，使其在有氧条件上充分燃烧。
步骤2、余热回收和SNCR脱硝工序：燃烧炉出来的废气进入余热锅炉，余热系统可以将废气中的余热进行回收利用，同时使废气的温度有所下降。并将脱硝装置安装到余热锅炉内，同时对氮氧化物进行去除。
步骤3、急冷工序：余热锅炉出来的废气进入急冷塔，使废气温度快速降到200℃以下，防止二噁英类物质再次产生。
步骤4、干式脱硫工序：急冷塔出来的废气进入干式脱硫塔，与Ca(OH)2粉末充分混合反应，将其中SO2、NO2、HCl、HF等酸性气体进行去除。
步骤5、除尘工序：为去除废气中的颗粒物，在干式脱硫塔后设置袋式除尘器，使废气中经过袋式除尘器时，颗粒物能够过滤掉。
步骤6、喷淋工序：为进一步提高酸性气体的去除率，使袋式除尘器出来的废气进入碱性喷淋塔，将其中的酸性废气进一步去除。
步骤7、干燥工序：选择在碱性喷淋塔后设置除湿塔，是为了降低废气中的水分，为后续进入活性炭吸附装置做铺垫。
步骤8、活性炭吸附工序：经除湿塔干燥的废气进入活性炭吸附装置，确保污染物的排放值能够稳定达标。
步骤9、排放工序：活性炭吸附装置出来的废气，经引风机进入烟囱，在高空进行排放。
优选的，在步骤2中，脱硝选择的原料为尿素。
优选的，在步骤3中，根据酸性气体浓度的高低，急冷塔内的供水可选择自来水、5％的NaOH溶液、10％的NaOH溶液。
优选的，在步骤4中，干式脱硫塔内的原料为Ca(OH)2粉末。
优选的，在步骤5中，袋式除尘器为脉冲袋式除尘器。
优选的，在步骤6中，所用的碱液为5％的NaOH溶液
优选的，在步骤9中，所用的烟囱采用30m高度的玻璃钢烟囱。
优选的，所述工序，均配有控制装置，能够对各个工序的工作状态进行自动化控制。
本发明通过将活性炭加热再生过程中产生的废气依次经过充分燃烧工序、余热回收和SNCR脱硝工序、急冷工序、干式脱硫工序、除尘工序、喷淋工序、干燥工序、活性炭吸附工序、排放工序处理后，可以有效地将废气中的污染物，如二噁英类物质、SO2、HCl、HF、颗粒物等去除，使其排放值能够稳定达到新标准要求。
本发明的显著效果是：本工艺所用的设备将结合现有废气处理设备，因地制宜，降低投资成本。整条工艺线运行安全可靠有效，通过逐步多次对废气中的污染物的去除，使其排放值达到即将执行的新标准。
附图说明
图1是本发明工艺流程图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、充分燃烧工序：将活性炭再生过程中产生的废气，包括干燥、炭化、活化阶段产生的废气引入到燃烧炉内，燃烧炉内温度可达1200℃，在有氧条件上使废气充分燃烧。使活性炭再生阶段合成的二噁英类将彻底分解、废气中的VOCs得到充分氧化形成CO2、水蒸气。
步骤2、余热回收和SNCR脱硝工序：燃烧炉出口废气温度在1100-1200℃，在燃烧炉废气出口设置余热锅炉，将废气中的热量进行回收利用，出口温度可降至600℃左右。同时采用SNCR脱硝技术来降低废气中氮氧化物的浓度。脱硝的原料选用尿素，将尿素配置成一定浓度的溶液，通过泵打入到余热锅炉内，利用喷枪将尿素溶液进行雾化。在炉内有O2的情况下，废气中的NOx与尿素充分混合反应。从而降低废气中NOx的含量。
步骤3、急冷工序：余热锅炉出来的废气进入急冷塔，迅速降低废气的温度。余热锅炉出来的废气温度在600℃左右，根据《危险废物处置工程技术导则》(HJ2042-2014)，废气温度应在1s内下降到200℃以下，减少烟气在200-500℃温度区的滞留时间，防止二噁英产生或二次合成。急冷塔可选取自来水或回用水作为供水，或根据废气中酸性气体的浓度的高低，选择5％的NaOH溶液或10％的NaOH溶液。
步骤4、干式脱硫工序：将经过急冷后的废气通入到干式脱硫塔内，同时将Ca(OH)2粉末也通入到干式脱硫塔内，使其与废气充分混合。废气中的酸性气体(SO2、SO3、HCl、HF等)与Ca(OH)2充分反应，对酸性气体进行去除。废气中携带的水蒸气也可对Ca(OH)2粉末进行加湿，加大酸性气体的去除效率。
步骤5、除尘工序：干式脱硫塔出来的废气通过布袋除尘器，对废气中的颗粒物进行去除。同时加湿后Ca(OH)2粉末容易吸附在布袋表面，对废气中的酸性气体也有一定的去除效果。
步骤6、喷淋工序：从布袋除尘器出来的废气进入湿法填料喷淋塔内，填料选用多面空心球填料，喷淋液选用5％NaOH溶液。再次对废气中的SO2、HCl、HF等进行去除。
步骤7、干燥工序：经喷淋后的废气进入除湿塔进行干燥，为进入活性炭吸附装置做准备。
步骤8、活性炭吸附工序：经干燥的废气进入活性炭吸附装置，使废气通过活性炭吸附层。此工序为保障工序，确保污染物排放值能够稳定达标。
步骤9、排放工序：经吸附后的废气由引风机引入到30m玻璃钢烟囱中，在高空进行排放。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤1、充分燃烧工序：活性炭再生过程中产生的废气进入燃烧炉，使其在有氧条件上充分燃烧。
步骤2、余热回收和SNCR脱硝工序：燃烧炉出来的废气进入余热锅炉，余热系统可以将废气中的余热进行回收利用，同时使废气的温度有所下降。将脱硝装置安装到余热锅炉内，同时对氮氧化物进行去除。
步骤3、急冷工序：余热锅炉出来的废气进入急冷塔，使废气温度快速降到200℃以下，防止二噁英类物质再次产生。
步骤4、干式脱硫工序：急冷塔出来的废气进入干式脱硫塔，与Ca(OH)2粉末充分混合反应，将其中SO2、NO2、HCl、HF等酸性气体进行去除。
步骤5、除尘工序：为去除废气中的颗粒物，在干式脱硫塔后设置袋式除尘器，使废气中经过袋式除尘器时，颗粒物能够过滤掉。
步骤6、喷淋工序：为进一步提高酸性气体的去除率，使袋式除尘器出来的废气进入碱性喷淋塔，将其中的酸性废气进一步去除。
步骤7、干燥工序：选择在碱性喷淋塔后设置除湿塔，是为了降低废气中的水分，为后续进入活性炭吸附装置做铺垫。
步骤8、活性炭吸附工序：经除湿塔干燥的废气进入活性炭吸附装置，确保污染物的排放值能够稳定达标。
步骤9、排放工序：活性炭吸附装置出来的废气，经引风机进入烟囱，在高空进行排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤2中，脱硝选择的原料为尿素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤3中，根据酸性气体浓度的高低，急冷塔内的供水可选择自来水、5％的NaOH溶液、10％的NaOH溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，其特征在于：干式脱硫塔内的原料为Ca(OH)2粉末。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种活性炭再生过程中废气处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤6中，所用的碱液为5％的NaOH溶液。
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