CN1117179C - 电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金镀层的工艺 - Google Patents

电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金镀层的工艺 Download PDF

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CN1117179C
CN1117179C CN99116932A CN99116932A CN1117179C CN 1117179 C CN1117179 C CN 1117179C CN 99116932 A CN99116932 A CN 99116932A CN 99116932 A CN99116932 A CN 99116932A CN 1117179 C CN1117179 C CN 1117179C
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rare earth
plating
palladium
alloy
nickel alloy
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CN1249366A (zh
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蔡珣
杨瑞鹏
陈秋龙
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金工艺,其钯镍合金镀液配方由一定浓度的PdCl2溶液、NiCl2溶液、NaNO2溶液和NH4NO3溶液等组分组成;含稀土元素钯镍合金的镀液则在配方中滴入稀土元素Ce或La添加剂;在镀层中加入镍可显著提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性,改善换向器表面性能;含稀土元素的钯镍合金镀层,质量有明显提高,镀层生长均匀、晶粒细小致密。

Description

电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金镀层的工艺
本发明涉及一种用于微特电机换向器的电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金镀层材料。属于表面改性技术领域。
作为电接触材料,要求它具有很好的导电性能、耐磨、耐电蚀性能,而且能够在各种环境条件下使用,并保持稳定的接触电阻。常用电接触材料有铜合金、银合金以及金等贵金属。近年来随着电接触材料的需求量愈来愈大和对它的要求愈来愈高,趋向于采用复合材料和材料表面改性技术。工业界常选择钯或钯合金作为电接触器件的代金镀层。如美国专利“BATH ANDPROCESS FOR HIGH SPEED ELECTROPLATING OF PALLADIUM",(专利号,4,545,869)。但钯对许多有机物有较高的催化活性,当工件在不良环境中储存时,其表面的油脂或环境中的气体挥发物易在钯表面反应生成聚合物,增加了镀层表面的接触电阻。另外,电镀和化学镀钯层表面光洁度差,为达到光亮的外观需镀后抛光。电镀的电流密度低,化学镀的沉积速率慢,故工艺周期长,需2-6小时才能获得一定厚度的镀层。
本发明的目的是提供一种电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金材料。在微特电机的换向器上用电刷镀镀覆一层钯镍膜可有效地改善其表面性能,显著提高镀层硬度和耐磨性,防止因钯的表面活性而导致接触电阻升高,满足使用要求。而且,可以避免槽镀工艺周期长,膜层与基底间结合力差,有强烈腐蚀性、环境不佳以及会降低微特电机转子绕组的电绝缘性能等缺点。
本发明采用电刷镀钯镍合金,在镀层中加入镍可显著提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性,其镀液配方由一定浓度的PdCl2溶液、NaNO2溶液、NH4NO3溶液和NiCl2溶液等组成;电压7-14V,pH值为7.5-9.0。含有稀土元素的钯镍合金镀层,则是在上述镀液中加入稀土元素Ce或La等添加剂,可明显改善钯镍镀层的质量,使镀层组织细化、均匀和致密,并改善镀液的微观涂镀能力和整平能力。
本发明采用电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金材料,有效地提高了微特电机换向器表面的耐磨性、耐电蚀性和抗氧化、抗硫化性能。从而达到镀层与基体的最佳配合,节约贵金属,降低成本。钯镍合金镀层的硬度和耐磨性见表1。
                   表1 Pd-Ni与Pd、Cu性能对比
                                Cu         Pd     Pd-Ni(14.6wt%)硬度(HV10)                       110.4     160~200       282耐磨性(30min,对磨材料为石墨)载荷100g(失重,mg)                0.1        无            /载荷5000g(失重,mg)               0.4        0.2           0.1
本发明还采用电刷镀稀土Pd-Ni合金,在镀液中加入稀土添加剂后,明显改善钯镍镀层质量,使镀层生长均匀、晶粒细小致密,同时改善了镀液微观涂镀能力和整平能力。
本发明的钯镍合金镀层,其外观为白色镀层。成分与组织:镀层组织为钯镍固溶体,镍含量范围为2%~29%。镀液配方和工艺参数见表2。
本发明的电刷镀稀土Pd-Ni合金镀层:稀土元素Ce或La从硫酸铈或硫酸镧获得,按所需加入量滴入上述镀液,其浓度为0.3~0.7g/L,镀液其他配方和工艺参数见表2。
    表2 Pd-Ni电刷镀镀液配方与工艺参数
                                     Pd-Ni
PdCl2  g/L                          10-15
NiCl2  g/L                          40-50
NaNO2  g/L                          30-60
NH4NO3 g/L                         350-400
电压(V)                              7-14
pH                                   7.5-9.0
耗电系数(A·h/dm2·μm)             0.098

Claims (2)

1.一种电刷镀钯镍合金镀层工艺,其特征在于:该镀液配方和工艺参数:PdCl2的浓度为10-15g/L,NiCl2的浓度为40-50g/L,NaNO2的浓度为30-60g/L,NH4NO3的浓度为350-400g/L,电压为7~14V,pH值为7.5~9.0,耗电系数0.098A·h/dm2·μm。
2.一种电刷镀稀土钯镍合金镀层工艺,其特征在于:该镀液配方和工艺参数:PdCl2浓度为10-15g/L,NiCl2浓度为40-50g/L,NaNO2浓度为30-60g/L,NH4NO3浓度为350-400g/L,稀土元素Ce或La添加剂浓度为0.30~0.7g/L;电压为7~14V,pH值为7.5~9.0,耗电系数0.098A·h/dm2·μm。
CN99116932A 1999-09-30 1999-09-30 电刷镀钯镍合金及稀土钯镍合金镀层的工艺 Expired - Fee Related CN1117179C (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103882490A (zh) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-25 安费诺(天津)电子有限公司 一种电镀方法
CN108193242A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-22 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 一种在铜合金表面电刷镀制备镍钴镀层的方法
CN109672064A (zh) * 2018-11-13 2019-04-23 云南先导新材料有限公司 一种钯合金复合丝电刷材料及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100039A (en) * 1976-11-11 1978-07-11 International Business Machines Corporation Method for plating palladium-nickel alloy
US4564426A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-01-14 International Business Machines Corporation Process for the deposition of palladium-nickel alloy
US5342504A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-08-30 Yazaki Corporation Palladium-nickel alloy plating solution

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4100039A (en) * 1976-11-11 1978-07-11 International Business Machines Corporation Method for plating palladium-nickel alloy
US4564426A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-01-14 International Business Machines Corporation Process for the deposition of palladium-nickel alloy
US5342504A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-08-30 Yazaki Corporation Palladium-nickel alloy plating solution

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