CN111713609A - Feed for sows in lactation period and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed for sows in lactation period and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a feed for sows in the lactation period and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of livestock feeds. The invention provides a lactation sow feed which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 2-15% of yeast protein powder, 3-12% of roasted soybean, 1-8% of maltooligosaccharide, 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder and the balance of premix. The invention uses in vitro predigested raw materials which are easier to absorb, most of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is small peptide which can promote the deposition of protein raw materials and the absorption of energy, the homogenized emulsified fat powder is rich in fatty acid which can improve the utilization rate of energy raw materials, thereby improving the nutrient content and the milk yield of sow milk, further improving the vitality and the immunity of newborn piglets, and leading the piglet survival rate to be high, the weaning to be early and the diarrhea rate to be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed, and particularly relates to a feed for sows in a lactation period and application thereof.
Background
With the accelerated development of modern society and the continuous improvement of human living standard, pork has become an essential protein source in every family life. However, the number of breeding sows in China is seriously deficient at present, a plurality of breeding enterprises reserve the three-element sows as breeding pigs, the three-element sows are reserved as breeding pigs, the characteristics of the breeding pigs are poor, the milk quality is poor, the survival rate of piglets is low, the piglets grow slowly, and the development of the whole pig raising industry is severely limited. The conventional sow feed raw materials comprise corn, soybean meal, fish meal and the like, but the problems of poor milk quality, low piglet survival rate, slow piglet growth and the like still exist when the sows in the ternary lactation period are fed by the feed prepared from the raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a feed for sows in the lactation period and application thereof. The feed for the sows in the lactation period can improve the lactation amount of the breeding sows, improve the nutritional ingredients in breast milk, improve the immunity of piglets, and has high survival rate and early weaning of the piglets.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a feed for sows in lactation, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 2-15% of yeast protein powder, 3-12% of roasted soybean, 1-8% of maltooligosaccharide, 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder and the balance of premix.
Preferably, the premix comprises one or more of trace elements, salt, vitamins and pantothenic acid.
Preferably, the feed for the lactating sow also comprises one or more of fermented soybean meal, corn and soybean meal.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 8% of yeast protein powder, 5% of baked soybean, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of maltooligosaccharide, 3% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 51% of corn, 10% of soybean meal and 5% of premix.
Preferably, the protein content of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is more than 90 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 8 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent; the protein contains small peptides with the molecular weight less than 2000 daltons, the mass of the small peptides accounts for more than 90% of the total mass of the protein, and the digestibility of the protein is more than or equal to 98%.
Preferably, the yeast protein powder contains 50-60% of protein, 3-10% of nucleotide, 10-18% of mannan, 10-20% of beta glucan, 3-8% of crude ash and 5-10% of water by mass percentage.
Preferably, the content of protein in the roasted soybeans is more than or equal to 30 percent, the content of crude fat is more than or equal to 14 percent, the content of crude fiber is less than or equal to 7 percent, and the content of crude ash is less than or equal to 7 percent; the solubility of the protein is 65-80%, the urease activity in the roasted soybeans is less than or equal to 0.02U/g, and the acid value is less than or equal to 3mg KOH/g.
Preferably, the total sugar content of the maltooligosaccharide is more than or equal to 80 percent and the water content is less than or equal to 6 percent; the total sugar comprises oligomeric maltose and reducing sugar, wherein the content of the oligomeric maltose in the total sugar is more than or equal to 60 wt%, and the content of the reducing sugar in the total sugar is more than or equal to 20 wt%.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of the crude fat in the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is more than or equal to 60 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent, the ash content is less than or equal to 3 percent, and the fatty acid content is more than or equal to 55 percent; the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids in the fatty acids is more than or equal to 20 wt.%, more than or equal to 10 wt.%, and more than or equal to 25 wt.%, and the content of medium-short chain fatty acids with the carbon content less than or equal to 14 in the fatty acids is 10-15%; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the monounsaturated fatty acid to the mass of the saturated fatty acid is (1.5-2.5): 1; the mass ratio of omega 6 fatty acid to omega 3 fatty acid in the polyunsaturated fatty acid is (3-8): 1, the omega 3 fatty acid comprises EPA and DHA, and the EPA and the DHA account for more than or equal to 2 percent of the total mass of the homogeneous emulsified fat powder; the digestion energy of the homogenized emulsified fat powder is more than or equal to 7500Kcal/kg, and the acid value is less than or equal to 10 gKOH/kg.
The invention also provides application of the feed for the sows in the lactation period in the technical scheme in feeding of the lactating sows, wherein the sows in the lactation period are sows from 7 days before delivery to the weaning stage of piglets.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a feed for sows in lactation, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 2-15% of yeast protein powder, 3-12% of roasted soybean, 1-8% of maltooligosaccharide, 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder and the balance of premix. The invention uses in vitro predigested raw materials which are easier to absorb, most of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is small peptide which can promote the deposition of protein raw materials and the absorption of energy, the homogeneous fat powder is rich in fatty acid which can improve the utilization rate of energy raw materials, thereby improving the nutrient content and the milk yield of sow milk, further improving the vitality and the immunity of newborn piglets, ensuring that the survival rate of the piglets is high, the weaning is early and the diarrhea rate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of hydrolyzed fish protein powder.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a feed for sows in lactation, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 2-15% of yeast protein powder, 3-12% of roasted soybean, 1-8% of maltooligosaccharide, 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder and the balance of premix. The invention uses in vitro predigested raw materials, is easier to absorb, reduces the metabolic burden, most of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is small peptide, can promote the deposition of protein raw materials and the absorption of energy, the homogeneous fat powder is rich in fatty acid, and can improve the utilization rate of energy raw materials, thereby improving the nutrient content and the milk yield of sow milk, further improving the vitality and the immunity of newborn piglets, ensuring that the survival rate of the piglets is high, the weaning is early, and the diarrhea rate is reduced.
The feed for the lactating sows comprises 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder by mass percentage, and is further preferably 5%. In the invention, the protein content of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably more than 90%, and more preferably 90%; the crude ash content of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably less than or equal to 8 percent, and is further preferably 6 percent; the water content of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably less than or equal to 10 percent, and is further preferably 5 percent; in the invention, the hydrolyzed fish protein powder protein preferably contains small peptides with the molecular weight less than 2000 daltons, and the mass of the small peptides is preferably more than 90% of the total mass of the protein; in the invention, the protein digestibility of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably more than or equal to 98 percent. The invention adopts the hydrolyzed fish protein containing more than 90 percent of small peptide as the raw material, can promote the deposition of the protein raw material and the absorption of energy, improves the vitality of newborn piglets, simultaneously improves the milk nutrition, enhances the immunity of the piglets and reduces the diarrhea rate of the piglets.
In the invention, the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably prepared by carrying out enzymolysis on fresh fish by using compound protease and then carrying out spray drying, and the preparation flow is shown in figure 1; in the present invention, the kinds of the complex protease include papain, neutral protease, trypsin, pepsin and subtilisin. The invention can effectively decompose macromolecular protein and improve protein digestibility by the enzymolysis of the compound protease, and is a key step for preparing hydrolyzed fish protein powder. The fish bone and the fish oil are removed in the preparation process of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder, the protein content is higher, the oxidation is not easy, and the quality of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is more stable. In the invention, the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is preferably fresh pollution-free deep-sea fish, and is subjected to impurity removal, cooking, boning removal, grinding, deoiling, enzyme digestion at a fixed point by using complex enzyme, a membrane separation technology and adsorption debitterizing treatment, so that the hydrolyzed fish protein powder has good palatability, and the feed intake of sows in lactation is improved.
The feed for the lactating sows comprises 2-15% of yeast protein powder by mass percentage, and is further preferably 8%; the yeast protein powder is preferably wall-broken yeast powder and is rich in mannan and beta glucan. In the invention, the protein content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 50-60%, and more preferably 55%; the nucleotide content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 3% -10%, and more preferably 4%; the mannan content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 10-18%, and the mannan content is more preferably 12%; the beta glucan content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 10-20%, and more preferably 12%; the crude ash content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 3% -8%, and more preferably 5%; the moisture content of the yeast protein powder is preferably 5-10%, and more preferably 8%. Mannan has the function of regulating immunity, can obviously improve antibody reaction capacity and improve animal immunity; meanwhile, mannan can prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing in animal intestinal tract, adsorb intestinal toxin, promote growth of beneficial bacteria, and make beneficial bacteria become intestinal dominant bacteria. The beta glucan can stimulate and enhance the phagocytic activity of NK cells, macrophages and other immune cells, and stimulate and release interleukin to enhance the antitoxin ability and the immune ability of the body.
The feed for the lactating sows comprises 3-12% of roasted soybeans in percentage by mass, and is further preferably 5%; in the present invention, the protein content of the roasted soybean is preferably not less than 30%, and more preferably 35%; the crude fat content of the roasted soybeans is preferably not less than 14%, and more preferably 17%; the crude fiber of the roasted soybeans is preferably less than or equal to 7 percent, and is further preferably 5 percent; the crude ash content of the roasted soybeans is preferably less than or equal to 7 percent; further preferably 5%; in the present invention, the solubility of the roasted soybean protein is preferably 65% to 80%, more preferably 75%, and the solubility of the protein is represented by a protein dispersion index; the urease activity in the roasted soybeans is preferably less than or equal to 0.02U/g, and the acid value of the roasted soybeans is preferably less than or equal to 3mg KOH/g. The roasted soybeans are preferably obtained by instantaneous quick explosion under the negative pressure condition, and the fat is wrapped by the protein by utilizing the difference of expansion coefficients of the fat and the protein, so that the fat oxidation can be prevented, and the product quality is more stable.
The feed for the lactating sows comprises 1-8% of malto-oligosaccharide in percentage by mass, and is more preferably 5%; in the present invention, the total sugar content of the malto-oligosaccharide is preferably not less than 80%, and more preferably 90%; the moisture content of the malto-oligosaccharide is preferably less than or equal to 6 percent, and more preferably 5 percent; in the present invention, the total sugar preferably comprises malto-oligosaccharides, preferably having an malto-oligosaccharide content of not less than 60 wt.%, and reducing sugars, preferably having an reducing sugar content of not less than 20 wt.%. The malto-oligosaccharide is preferably obtained by enzymolysis of rice starch, and the mycotoxin of the obtained malto-oligosaccharide is less than that of the malto-oligosaccharide from other sources.
The feed for the lactating sows comprises 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder by mass percentage, and the optimized feed is 3%; in the invention, the crude fat content of the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is preferably not less than 60 percent, and is further preferably 60 percent; the moisture content of the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent, and more preferably 3 percent; the ash content of the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is preferably less than or equal to 3 percent, and more preferably 3 percent; the content of fatty acid in the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is preferably not less than 55 percent, and more preferably 55 percent; in the present invention, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acids is preferably not less than 20 wt.%, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids is preferably not less than 10 wt.%, and the content of saturated fatty acids is preferably not less than 25 wt.%, and is more preferably 20% of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 10% of monounsaturated fatty acids, and 25% of saturated fatty acids; in the invention, the content of medium-short chain fatty acid with C less than or equal to 14 in the fatty acid is preferably 10-15%; further preferably 12%; in the present invention, the mass ratio of the unsaturated fatty acid to the saturated fatty acid is preferably (1.5 to 2.5): 1, more preferably 2: 1; the mass ratio of omega 6 fatty acid to omega 3 fatty acid in the polyunsaturated fatty acid is preferably (3-8): 1, more preferably 5: 1; in the invention, the omega-3 fatty acid preferably comprises EPA and DHA, and the content of the EPA and the DHA in the total mass of the homogeneous emulsified fat powder is preferably more than or equal to 2%; in the invention, the digestion energy of the homogenized and emulsified fat powder is preferably more than or equal to 7500Kcal/kg, and the acid value is preferably less than or equal to 10 gKOH/kg. The homogeneous emulsified fat powder has proper fatty acid proportion and complete kinds, and is easy to absorb and comprehensive in nutrients after being emulsified.
The yeast protein powder, the baked soybean, the malto-oligosaccharide and the homogenized emulsified fat powder can be directly purchased and obtained.
In the present invention, the premix preferably comprises one or more of trace elements, salt, vitamins and pantothenic acid. In the present invention, the trace elements preferably include one or more of iron, copper, manganese, zinc and iodine; the vitamins preferably include one or more of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B12, folic acid, and biotin. The premix supplements trace elements, microorganisms, salt and other components required by the sows in the lactation period, meets the growth requirement of the sows in the lactation period and promotes the absorption of other raw materials.
In the present invention, the feed for lactating sows preferably further comprises one or more of fermented soybean meal, corn and soybean meal. In the invention, the fermented soybean meal is preferably 3-12% by weight, more preferably 8% by weight, the fermented soybean meal is preferably obtained by combined fermentation of probiotics and complex enzyme, the probiotics preferably comprise one or more of bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria, the complex enzyme preferably comprises one or more of amylase, protease and cellulase, and the types of the probiotics and the complex enzyme can be conventional commercial products; the content of the corn is preferably 40-60%, and more preferably 51%; the content of the soybean meal is preferably 5-18%, and more preferably 10%.
In the invention, the preparation method of the feed for sows in lactation in the technical scheme comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials by using a crusher; the raw materials are mixed according to the proportion, and are subjected to steam granulation, cooling and crushing to obtain the feed for the sows in the lactation period.
The invention also provides application of the lactation sow feed in the technical scheme in feeding of lactating sows. In the present invention, the lactating sow is preferably a sow from 7 days before farrowing to the stage of weaning of a piglet.
In the invention, the feeding method of the feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following steps: feeding is started at 1 week of the expected delivery period of the sows before delivery, the feed feeding amount is reduced by 0.5-1 kg at 2-3 days before delivery, 1kg is fed on the day of delivery, 1kg is added every day later, free ingestion is recovered at 7 days after delivery, and 6-8 kg of feed is eaten by the sows one day when the sows freely ingest. The feeding mode is adopted by the invention to prevent the problem of difficult labor caused by excessive eating of the sows before delivery, gradually increase the feeding amount after delivery and promote the growth and lactation of the sows.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe the lactating sow feed and its use in detail with reference to the examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 8% of yeast protein powder, 5% of baked soybean, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of maltooligosaccharide, 3% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 51% of corn, 10% of soybean meal and 5% of premix.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials by a crusher, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 2.0 mm; mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, performing steam granulation at the granulation temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the length-diameter ratio of membrane holes is 6:1, and cooling and crushing after the granulation are finished to obtain the feed for the sows in the lactation period.
The appearance and the water content of the feed are as follows: the granule forming rate is more than 96%, the granule size is 3 x 6mm cylinder, and the water content is below 12 wt.%.
The nutritional indexes are as follows: the crude protein is more than or equal to 14 percent, the digestion energy is more than or equal to 2800kcal/kg, the calcium is more than or equal to 0.6 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.5 percent, the available phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.3 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the methionine and the cystine are more than or equal to 0.45 percent.
The nutritional indexes are formulated according to NRC2012 nutritional standards, wherein the detection method of each nutritional index refers to the following national standards for detection: the method for measuring the crude protein in GB/T6432-1994 feed, the method for measuring the crude fat in GB/T6433-2006 feed, the method for measuring the calcium in GB/T6436-2018 feed and the method for measuring the amino acid in GB/T18246-2000 feed.
And (3) nutrition detection results: 18.3% of crude protein, 3180kcal/kg of digestion energy, 1.16% of calcium, 0.7% of total phosphorus, 0.4% of available phosphorus, 0.8% of lysine and 0.6% of methionine and cystine.
Example 2
The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 10% of yeast protein powder, 12% of baked soybean, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 1% of maltooligosaccharide, 8% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 51% of corn, 8% of soybean meal and 4% of premix.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials by using a crusher, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 2 mm; mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, performing steam granulation at 65 ℃, wherein the length-diameter ratio of film holes of the device is 6:1, and cooling and crushing after the granulation to obtain the feed for the sows in the lactation period.
The appearance and the water content of the feed are as follows: the granule forming rate is above 95%, the granule size is 3 × 6mm cylinder, and the water content is below 12%.
The nutritional indicators and the detection method are the same as in example 1.
And (3) nutrition detection results: 18.7% of crude protein, 3230kcal/kg of digestion energy, 1.18% of calcium, 0.7% of total phosphorus, 0.4% of available phosphorus, 0.9% of lysine and 0.6% of methionine and cystine.
Example 3
The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 10% of yeast protein powder, 8% of baked soybean, 2% of maltooligosaccharide, 3% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 4% of premix, 58% of corn and 10% of soybean meal
The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials by using a crusher, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 2 mm; mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, performing steam granulation at the granulation temperature of 70 ℃, wherein the length-diameter ratio of membrane holes is 6:1, and cooling and crushing after the granulation are finished to obtain the feed for the sows in the lactation period.
The appearance and the water content of the feed are as follows: the granule forming rate is above 95%, the granule size is 3 × 6mm cylinder, and the water content is below 12%.
The nutritional indicators and the detection method are the same as in example 1.
And (3) nutrition detection results: 18.2% of crude protein, 3140kcal/kg of digestion energy, 1.15% of calcium, 0.6% of total phosphorus, 0.4% of available phosphorus, 0.9% of lysine and 0.6% of methionine and cystine.
Example 4
The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 5% of yeast protein powder, 5% of baked soybean, 5% of fermented soybean meal, 2% of maltooligosaccharide, 3% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 4% of premix, 60% of corn and 14% of soybean meal
The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials by using a crusher, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 2 mm; mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, performing steam granulation at the granulation temperature of 70 ℃, wherein the length-diameter ratio of membrane holes is 6:1, and cooling and crushing after the granulation are finished to obtain the feed for the sows in the lactation period.
The appearance and the water content of the feed are as follows: the granule forming rate is above 95%, the granule size is 3 × 6mm cylinder, and the water content is below 12%.
The nutritional indicators and the detection method are the same as in example 1.
And (3) nutrition detection results: 18.3% of crude protein, 3130kcal/kg of digestion energy, 1.13% of calcium, 0.6% of total phosphorus, 0.4% of available phosphorus, 0.9% of lysine and 0.6% of methionine and cystine.
Comparative example 1
A conventional lactation sow feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of fish meal, 15% of soybean meal, 3% of soybean protein concentrate, 3% of soybean oil, 62% of corn, 7% of bran and 5% of premix.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
The appearance and the water content of the feed are as follows: the granule forming rate is above 95%, the granule size is 3 × 6mm cylinder, and the water content is below 12%.
The nutritional indexes are as follows: 18.3% of crude protein, 3180kcal/kg of digestion energy, 1.16% of calcium, 0.7% of total phosphorus, 0.4% of available phosphorus, 0.8% of lysine and 0.6% of methionine and cystine.
Comparative example 2
The feed has the same contents of the components as in example 1, except that the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is not contained, and the content of the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is replaced by the common fish meal.
Application example 1
Three gilts of 40 pigs 7 days or so from the expected date of delivery were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 pigs each, 5 replicates each, and 4 sows each.
Treatment 1: feeding the feed provided in comparative example 1 (control group, CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the feed provided in example 1 was fed.
Feeding two groups of sows for 28 days, feeding on the ground, semi-opening a pigsty, naturally ventilating, and adjusting and controlling the feeding and drinking water of the two groups of sows in a consistent manner. The sows feed freely, and the daily feed intake of each sow is recorded in the whole process; litter weight of piglets and litter size, number of live piglets and retention rate of sows were recorded on the day of parturition, and number of weaned piglets and litter weight of weaning were recorded on the day of weaning. In order to ensure that the piglets in each litter are uniform in size and close in number, the piglets are subjected to group fine adjustment 24 hours after farrowing, and the weights are adjusted and recorded as the initial weights of the piglets.
Feeding mode: feeding 3 kilograms of feed every day from 7 days before delivery to 2 days before delivery, feeding 2 kilograms of feed 1 kilogram of feed on the day of delivery, increasing 1 kilogram of feed 2-5 days after delivery every day, recovering free food intake from 6 days, and fully supplying sufficient drinking water.
The detection method of the colostrum nutrient components comprises the following steps: collecting colostrum (within 3h from birth) of 1 repeated sow, and placing into sterilized centrifuge tube, and storing at-20 deg.C for use. Measuring the components of the primary emulsion by using a Foss milk analyzer; the colostrum antibody G protein is detected by a pig immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunoassay kit (Nanjing institute of bioengineering).
TABLE 1 Productivity of different treatment groups fed
As can be seen from Table 1, the feed for sows in the lactation period provided by the invention can obviously improve the lactation yield of sows and the survival rate of piglets, reduce the retention rate of sows and the diarrhea rate of piglets, promote the growth of the sows and the piglets, and enable the piglets to be weaned in advance.
TABLE 2 nutritional indices for sow milk for treatment 1 and treatment 2
| Colostrum IgGmg/ml | Milk protein% | Lactose% | |
| Process 1 | 80.46±0.17 | 11.23±2.33 | 2.41％±0.34 |
| Treatment 2 | 88.69±0.36 | 16.37±3.45 | 2.85％±0.42 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the feed for sows in the lactation period provided by the invention can improve the contents of immune protein IgG, milk protein and lactose in colostrum, improve the immunity of piglets, provide sufficient protein and energy for the piglets, promote the growth of the piglets and realize early weaning.
Application example 2
Three-gilt of 30 pigs 7 days from the expected date of delivery was randomly divided into 2 groups of 15 pigs each, 5 replicates each, and 3 replicates each.
Treatment 1: feeding the feed provided in comparative example 1 (control group, CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the feed provided in example 1 was fed.
Feeding two groups of sows for 28 days, feeding on the ground, semi-opening a pigsty, naturally ventilating, and adjusting and controlling the feeding and drinking water of the two groups of sows in a consistent manner. The sows feed freely, and the daily feed intake of each sow is recorded in the whole process; litter weight of piglets and litter size, number of live piglets and retention rate of sows were recorded on the day of parturition, and number of weaned piglets and litter weight of weaning were recorded on the day of weaning. In order to ensure that the piglets in each litter are uniform in size and close in number, the piglets are subjected to group fine adjustment 24 hours after farrowing, and the weights are adjusted and recorded as the initial weights of the piglets.
The feeding mode is as in application example 1.
Determination of breast milk nutrient content: and (3) collecting 5-10 mL of nipple milk of 3-5 sows 12h after delivery, storing in a refrigerator at-20 ℃, and measuring the contents of milk fat and milk protein by adopting a rapid milk component analyzer.
The detection method of the piglet serum IgG comprises the following steps: randomly selecting 1 head of healthy piglets with medium weight in each litter at morning on the 14 th day of lactation, collecting blood of 5mL of anterior vena cava at 3000r/min, centrifuging for 15min, collecting supernatant, storing at-20 deg.C, and determining IgG content. And (3) measuring by using a nephelometry (Nanjing institute of bioengineering).
TABLE 3 Productivity of different treatment groups fed
| Item | Process 1 | Treatment 2 |
| Number of head (head) | 15 | 15 |
| Lag yield% | 10％ | 2.5％ |
| Number of newborn piglets (head) | 7.4±0.37 | 12.2±0.42 |
| Newborn piglet weight (kg/head) | 1.51±0.13 | 1.58±0.11 |
| Survival rate of piglets% | 62.01±6.21 | 90.06±5.42 |
| Number of weaned piglets | 4.7±0.61 | 9.1±0.59 |
| Weight (kg) for weaning piglet | 5.27±0.23 | 6.14±0.42 |
| The diarrhea rate of piglets% | 15.3±0.43 | 3.7±0.38 |
| Piglet serum IgGg/L | 2.65±0.28 | 3.37±0.34 |
| Sow feed intake (kg/day) | 4.61±0.31 | 6.11±0.37 |
| Lactation volume of sow (kg) | 143.2±11.31 | 158.2±15.52 |
TABLE 4 Breast milk nutritional composition changes
Application example 3
Three gilts, 50 from 7 days prior to the expected date of delivery, were randomly divided into 2 groups of 25 gilts each, 5 replicates each, and 5 gilts each.
Treatment 1: feeding the feed provided in comparative example 2 (control group, CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the feed provided in example 3 was fed.
Feeding two groups of sows for 35 days, feeding on the ground, semi-opening a pigsty, naturally ventilating, and adjusting and controlling feeding and drinking water of the two groups of sows in a consistent manner. The sows feed freely, and the daily feed intake of each sow is recorded in the whole process; litter weight of piglets and litter size, number of live piglets and retention rate of sows were recorded on the day of parturition, and number of weaned piglets and litter weight of weaning were recorded on the day of weaning. In order to ensure that the piglets in each litter are uniform in size and close in number, the piglets are subjected to group fine adjustment 24 hours after farrowing, and the weights are adjusted and recorded as the initial weights of the piglets.
The feeding mode is as in application example 1. The index detection method is the same as in application example 1.
TABLE 5 comparison of sow production Performance in different treatment groups
| Item | Process 1 | Treatment 2 |
| Number of head (head) | 25 | 25 |
| Lag yield% | 12％ | 4％ |
| Number of newborn piglets (head) | 8.6±0.35 | 13.0±0.32 |
| Newborn piglet weight (kg/head) | 1.442±0.12 | 1.553±0.14 |
| Survival rate of piglets% | 58.34±4.53 | 91.63±4.46 |
| Number of weaned piglets | 3.6±0.45 | 9.4±0.59 |
| Weight (kg) for weaning piglet | 5.69±0.36 | 7.87±0.58 |
| The diarrhea rate of piglets% | 15.1±0.45 | 3.7±0.24 |
| Sow feed intake (kg/day) | 4.57±0.51 | 6.61±0.55 |
| Sow daily lactation yield (L) | 6.85±1.05 | 8.11±2.04 |
TABLE 6 Effect on sow colostrum composition
Remarks, the fatty acid detection method is also a kit purchased from Nanjing as a built organism
Application example 4
Three sows, 48 from about 7 days before the expected date of delivery, were randomly divided into 2 groups of 24 sows per group, 6 replicates per group, and 4 sows per replicate.
Treatment 1: feeding the feed provided in comparative example 2 (control group, CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the feed provided in example 4 was fed.
Feeding two groups of sows for 32 days, feeding on the ground, semi-opening the pigsty, and naturally ventilating, wherein the feeding and drinking control modes of the two groups of sows are consistent. The sows feed freely, and the daily feed intake of each sow is recorded in the whole process; litter weight of piglets and litter size, number of live piglets and retention rate of sows were recorded on the day of parturition, and number of weaned piglets and litter weight of weaning were recorded on the day of weaning. In order to ensure that the piglets in each litter are uniform in size and close in number, the piglets are subjected to group fine adjustment 24 hours after farrowing, and the weights are adjusted and recorded as the initial weights of the piglets. The method comprises the steps of scoring the development condition of fur of the piglets 1 day before the piglets are weaned, evaluating according to 1-5 minutes, wherein 1 is that the fur is very rough, 2 is that the fur is rough, 3 is that the fur is relatively smooth, 4 is that the fur is smooth, and 5 is that the fur is very smooth and glossy
The feeding mode is as in application example 1, and the other detection index detection methods are the same as application example 1.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on sow and suckling piglet Productivity
TABLE 8 variation of colostrum composition of sow
According to results of application examples, the feed for the sows in the lactation period can improve the production performance of the sows and the growth and immunity of piglets, improve the content of nutrient components of breast milk of the sows, promote protein absorption and deposition, and improve mammary gland development.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The feed for the sows in the lactation period is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 2-15% of yeast protein powder, 3-12% of roasted soybean, 1-8% of maltooligosaccharide, 1-10% of homogenized emulsified fat powder and the balance of premix.
2. The lactating sow feed of claim 1, wherein the premix includes one or more of trace elements, salt, vitamins and pantothenic acid.
3. The feed for lactating sows as in claim 1, wherein the feed for lactating sows further comprises one or more of fermented soybean meal, corn and soybean meal.
4. The feed for sows in the lactation period as claimed in claim 3, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 8% of yeast protein powder, 5% of baked soybean, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of maltooligosaccharide, 3% of homogenized emulsified fat powder, 51% of corn, 10% of soybean meal and 5% of premix.
5. The feed for lactating sows as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protein content in the hydrolyzed fish protein powder is more than 90%, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 8%, and the water content is less than or equal to 10%; the protein contains small peptides with the molecular weight less than 2000 daltons, the mass of the small peptides accounts for more than 90% of the total mass of the protein, and the digestibility of the protein is more than or equal to 98%.
6. The feed for sows in lactation according to claim 1, wherein the yeast protein powder has a protein content of 50-60%, a nucleotide content of 3-10%, a mannan content of 10-18%, a beta glucan content of 10-20%, a crude ash content of 3-8%, and a moisture content of 5-10% by mass.
7. The feed for sows in lactation according to claim 1, wherein the roasted soybeans contain, in mass%, not less than 30% of protein, not less than 14% of crude fat, not more than 7% of crude fiber, and not more than 7% of crude ash; the solubility of the protein is 65-80%, the urease activity in the roasted soybeans is less than or equal to 0.02U/g, and the acid value is less than or equal to 3mg KOH/g.
8. The feed for sows in lactation according to claim 1, wherein the total sugar content in the malto-oligosaccharide is not less than 80% and the water content is not more than 6% by mass; the total sugar comprises oligomeric maltose and reducing sugar, wherein the content of the oligomeric maltose in the total sugar is more than or equal to 60 wt%, and the content of the reducing sugar in the total sugar is more than or equal to 20 wt%.
9. The feed for sows in lactation according to claim 1, wherein the homogenized emulsified fat powder contains, by mass%, not less than 60% of crude fat, not more than 3% of water, not more than 3% of ash, and not less than 55% of fatty acid;
the fatty acid contains more than or equal to 20 wt.% of polyunsaturated fatty acid, more than or equal to 10 wt.% of monounsaturated fatty acid and more than or equal to 25 wt.% of saturated fatty acid; the content of medium-short chain fatty acid with the C less than or equal to 14 in the fatty acid is 10-15%; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the polyunsaturated fatty acid and the monounsaturated fatty acid to the mass of the saturated fatty acid is (1.5-2.5): 1;
the mass ratio of omega 6 fatty acid to omega 3 fatty acid in the polyunsaturated fatty acid is (3-8): 1, the omega 3 fatty acid comprises EPA and DHA, and the EPA and the DHA account for more than or equal to 2 percent of the total mass of the homogeneous emulsified fat powder;
the digestion energy of the homogenized emulsified fat powder is more than or equal to 7500Kcal/kg, and the acid value is less than or equal to 10 gKOH/kg.
10. Use of the feed for lactating sows as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in the feeding of lactating sows, wherein the lactating sows are sows from 7 days prior to parturition to the weaning stage of the piglets.
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