CN111713213A - Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device - Google Patents

Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111713213A
CN111713213A CN202010709486.1A CN202010709486A CN111713213A CN 111713213 A CN111713213 A CN 111713213A CN 202010709486 A CN202010709486 A CN 202010709486A CN 111713213 A CN111713213 A CN 111713213A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
pipe
pneumatic conveying
distributor
type side
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Pending
Application number
CN202010709486.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何瑞银
张一帆
丁艳锋
窦祥林
李刚华
刘正辉
张卫建
程彪
段庆飞
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Nanjing Agricultural University
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Priority to CN202010709486.1A priority Critical patent/CN111713213A/en
Publication of CN111713213A publication Critical patent/CN111713213A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062Devices for making drills or furrows
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C15/00Fertiliser distributors
    • A01C15/04Fertiliser distributors using blowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066Devices for covering drills or furrows

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device which comprises a rack, and a fan, a jet type feeder, a corrugated pipe, a distributor, a fertilizer outlet pipe, a fertilizer inlet pipe, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer distributor, a fertilizer guide pipe, a furrow opener, a soil covering scraper and the like which are arranged on the rack. The fan, the jet feeder, the corrugated pipe, the distributor, the fertilizer inlet pipe, the fertilizer outlet pipe, the fertilizer guide pipe and other parts form a pneumatic conveying and distributing system, and the system is integrally and fixedly connected to the frame. The lower end of the fertilizer distributor is communicated with the upper end of the injection feeder, and the upper end of the fertilizer distributor is fixedly connected with the fertilizer box. The furrow opener is fixedly connected to the lower side of the frame, and the soil covering scraper is positioned at the rear side of the furrow opener and is hinged with the furrow opener. The fertilizer guide pipe is communicated with the fertilizer outlet pipe and is fixed between the furrow opener and the soil covering scraper. The frame can be connected with rice transplanter or direct seeder of different brands and models by bolts or other linking fasteners. The invention can effectively solve the problems of poor fertilizer discharging uniformity and consistency, easy blockage and the like of the conventional fertilizer discharging device.

Description

Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device.
Background
The rice planting area in China is about 3000 hectares and the total output is nearly 2 hundred million tons, which accounts for 30 percent of the area of grain crops and 40 percent of the total output in China, and more than 60 percent of people in China take rice as staple food. When rice is transplanted, quantitative, uniform and reliable fertilization is a necessary factor for ensuring uniform nutrition and uniform growth of rice seedlings, and the growth vigor and uniform heading of rice are important conditions for ensuring high and stable yield of rice. In the rice production link of China at present, a manual or mechanical spreading mode is always used, and fertilizers are spread on the field surface before or after the soil is turned over and after harrowing. The soil and fertilizer are mixed and stirred by a rotary tillage machine or a slurry stirring flat land, and the soil and fertilizer are fused after field soaking. The mode generally applies about 25 kilograms of fertilizer per hectare, and the fertilizer is unevenly distributed in the field and the rice seedlings absorb the fertilizer inconsistently, so that the growth, height and heading size of the rice are greatly different, and the rice yield is directly influenced. The ideal fertilizing method is to adopt the rice side deep fertilizing technology, which can ensure that the positioning, the quantitative, the uniform and the reliable fertilizing can be realized when the rice is transplanted, the uniform and stable rice seedling nutrients can be ensured, and the high and the stable yield of the rice can be realized.
At present, the fertilizing machine in China still mainly adopts a grooved pulley type fertilizing machine, the consistency of the discharge capacity of each row is poor, and the phenomena of fertilizer blockage and the like are easy to occur when the fertilizing machine is applied to side deep fertilization. The existing side deep fertilization device is usually simple in mechanical type and pneumatic conveying type, the uniformity and continuity of fertilizer discharging are not good enough, congestion is easy to occur, a fertilizer discharging channel cannot be freely adjusted, the ditching and earthing effect is not good, and the advantages of the side deep fertilization technology cannot be well played. Therefore, the high-efficiency conveying effect and the excellent distribution effect of the pneumatic distribution system have great advantages in the application of the side deep fertilization field. The side deep fertilization technology is combined with the pneumatic distribution system, so that the fertilization uniformity and continuity can be effectively improved, the opening and closing of the fertilizer discharge pipeline can be controlled, and the novel ditching and soil covering mechanism is designed to strengthen the fertilizer discharge effect, so that the advantages of the side deep fertilization technology can be remarkably exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilization device, which solves the technical problems of poor fertilization uniformity and continuity, poor consistency of discharge capacity of each row and incapability of supplementing fertilizers by rows in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device comprises: including the frame and connect in fan, fertile case, feed sprayer and the furrow opener of frame, fertile case passes through the fertilizer apparatus and connects in the feed end of feed sprayer, and the air-out end of fan is connected the air inlet end of feed sprayer for with fertilizer drive to the discharge end of feed sprayer, the discharge end of feed sprayer passes through the distributor and connects and lead fertile pipe, the furrow opener sets up in the place ahead of leading fertile pipe.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the fertilizer distributor is provided with a fertilizer distributing motor for driving the fertilizer distributor to work and an adjusting hand wheel for adjusting the working length of a fertilizer distributing shaft.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the distributor comprises a fertilizer feeding pipe and a plurality of fertilizer discharging pipes, the fertilizer feeding pipe is connected to the discharging end of the feeding ejector through a corrugated pipe, and the fertilizer discharging pipes are connected with a fertilizer guiding pipe.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the fertilizer outlet pipe is also provided with a pipeline switch.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the fertilizer inlet pipe is vertically arranged, and all the fertilizer outlet pipes are symmetrically arranged by taking the center of the fertilizer inlet pipe as an axis.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the air-out end of the fan is collinear with the feed injector, and the discharge hole of the fertilizer apparatus inclines towards the direction of the air-out end of the fan.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the positions of the furrow opener and the covering scraper relative to the frame can be adjusted.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: a soil covering scraper is also arranged behind the fertilizer guide pipe.
Preferably, the pneumatic conveying and distributing type side deep fertilizing device comprises: the soil covering scraper is connected to the furrow opener through a scraper bracket.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the pneumatic distributing and conveying system is adopted to realize multi-row fertilizer discharging, and has the advantages of good fertilizer discharging uniformity and continuity and good consistency of discharge capacity of each row. As the fertilizer is driven by the airflow to enter the fertilizer guide pipe through the distributor, the fertilizer is uniformly and forcibly discharged into the fertilizer discharge ditch opened by the furrow opener at a certain speed, and the blockage problem is effectively prevented. The fertilizer discharging amount can be adjusted through an electric control fertilizer discharging system, the fertilizer discharging depth is convenient to adjust, and the maximum fertilizer discharging depth can reach 10-12 cm.
The fertilizer inlet pipes are vertically arranged, the fertilizer outlet pipes are symmetrically arranged by taking the center of the fertilizer inlet pipe as an axis, and the corrugated pipes and the distributor are arranged, so that fertilizer can relatively uniformly enter the fertilizer guide pipes, uniform distribution of the fertilizer among all the fertilizer guide pipes is realized, and uniform distribution of the fertilizer in all the fertilizing ditches is realized. Meanwhile, each fertilizer outlet pipe of the device is provided with a switch which can be independently controlled to be opened and closed, so that the fertilizer application operation of a target crop row can be independently controlled, the field edge sweeping operation can be conveniently finished, and the uniformity of the fertilizer application amount is ensured. In addition, the device is also provided with a furrow opener and a soil covering scraper blade, the relative positions of which can be adjusted, and the furrow opener is an adjustable obtuse angle furrow opener, so that the blockage problem caused by straw mixture can be prevented, and the free positioning and accurate fertilizer discharging can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the dispenser of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fan, fertilizer applicator, feed injector of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a control schematic block diagram of the present invention;
the meaning of the reference numerals: 1-a frame; 2-a fan; 3-fertilizer box; 4-a feed injector; 5-a distributor; 6-a fertilizer guide pipe; 7-a furrow opener; 8-a soil covering scraper; 31-a fertilizer apparatus; 32-a fertilizer discharging motor; 33-adjusting hand wheel; 41-a bellows; 51-a fertilizer feeding pipe; 52-fertilizer discharging pipe; 81-scraper support.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1: the embodiment discloses a pneumatic transmission distribution type side deep fertilizing device: including frame 1 and connect in frame 1's fan 2, fertile case 3, feed sprayer 4 and furrow opener 7, fertile case 3 passes through fertilizer apparatus 31 and connects in the feed end of feed sprayer, and the air-inlet end of feed sprayer 4 is connected to the air-out end of fan 2 for with fertilizer drive to the discharge end of feed sprayer 4, the discharge end of feed sprayer 4 passes through distributor 5 and connects and lead fertile pipe 6, furrow opener 7 sets up in the place ahead of leading fertile pipe 6.
Specifically, the fertilizer distributor 31 is provided with a fertilizer motor 32 for driving the fertilizer distributor 31 to work and an adjusting hand wheel 33 for adjusting the working length of the fertilizer shaft.
As shown in fig. 2: the distributor 5 includes a fertilizer inlet pipe 51 and a plurality of fertilizer outlet pipes 52, the fertilizer inlet pipe 51 is connected to the discharge end of the feed injector 4 via a bellows 41, and the fertilizer outlet pipes 52 are connected to the fertilizer guide pipe 6. Considering that the fertilizer is subjected to the dual effects of wind force and gravity, in order to keep the fertilizer output of all the fertilizer tubes 52 uniform, the fertilizer inlet tubes 51 of the present embodiment are preferably vertically arranged, and all the fertilizer tubes 52 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the fertilizer inlet tube 51 as an axis, and since the fertilizer inlet tubes 51 are vertically arranged, the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the fertilizer inlet tubes 51, so that when the fertilizer enters the distributor 5 from the fertilizer inlet tubes 51, and since the fertilizer tubes 52 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the fertilizer inlet tube 51 as an axis, the fertilizer can relatively uniformly enter the fertilizer guide tubes 6, and uniform distribution of the fertilizer among all the fertilizer guide tubes 6 is realized. The fertilizer discharging pipe 52 is further provided with a pipeline switch 53, whether the corresponding fertilizer guiding pipe 6 works or not can be controlled through the pipeline switch 53, for example, when the right side is needed to be supplied with fertilizer, the pipeline switch 53 corresponding to the left fertilizer discharging pipe 52 can be selected to be closed, fertilizer particles are prevented from being sent out from the left fertilizer guiding pipe 6, and the effect of supplying fertilizer by a single side is achieved.
The use of bellows 41 also has the following benefits: the bellows 41 inwards has the equidistance arch that distributes, and these archs collide with ascending fertilizer, make the fertilizer of upward motion constantly strike the resilience, promote the dispersion effect of fertilizer, are favorable to promoting the homogeneity of fertilization.
After the fertilizer enters the field, soil needs to be backfilled, so that a soil covering scraper 8 is arranged behind the fertilizer guide pipe 6. The earthing scraper 8 can be connected to the furrow opener 7 through the scraper support 81, and in practical application, the relative positions of the backfilling scraper 8 and the furrow opener 7 with the frame can be adjusted.
As shown in fig. 3: the air-out end of fan 2 and feed sprayer 4 collineation, such benefit is exactly to avoid the wind channel to bend and cause the resistance to the air current, moreover, is favorable to fertilizer along advancing fertile pipe 51 evenly distributed, alleviates collision, the adhesion of fertilizer and pipeline. On the other hand, the discharge port of the fertilizer discharger 31 is inclined towards the direction of the air outlet end of the fan 2, which is referred to as an angle a in fig. 3, that is, a in fig. 3 is an acute angle, so that the fertilizer can have an initial velocity of forward movement when entering the feed injector 4, which is beneficial to acceleration of the fertilizer by the airflow, and moreover, the fertilizer is prevented from being blown back to the fertilizer discharger 31 by the airflow due to the acute angle between the fertilizer and the feed injector.
In operation, the frame 1 is mounted on a planting machine, such as a rice transplanter, and under the traction of an agricultural machine, the furrow opener 7 moves forward to form a fertilizing ditch for fertilizing in the field. On the other hand, under the drive of the fertilizer discharging motor 32, the fertilizer enters the feeding injector 4 through the fertilizer discharging device 31, under the action of the high-pressure airflow generated by the fan 2, the fertilizer is driven to move forwards, enters the fertilizer guide pipe 6 through the hose 41 and the distributor 5 in sequence, is discharged into the fertilizing ditch, and then soil on two sides of the fertilizing ditch is backfilled into the fertilizing ditch under the action of the soil covering scraper 8.
Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer distributor adopts the pneumatic distribution conveying system to realize multi-row fertilizer distribution, and has the advantages of good fertilizer distribution uniformity and continuity and good consistency of discharge capacity of each row. Since the fertilizer is driven by the air flow to enter the fertilizer guide pipe 6 through the distributor 5, the fertilizer is uniformly fed into the field, and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted by the fertilizer distributor 31. The fertilizer inlet pipes are vertically arranged, and the fertilizer outlet pipes 52 are symmetrically arranged by taking the center of the fertilizer inlet pipe 51 as an axis, so that fertilizer can relatively uniformly enter the fertilizer guide pipes 6, uniform distribution of the fertilizer among all the fertilizer guide pipes 6 is realized, and uniform distribution of the fertilizer in all the fertilizing ditches is realized.
The invention adopts an electric control synchronous fertilizer discharging amount control system, and the principle is as shown in figure 4:
during fertilizing operation, setting a target fertilizing amount through a potentiometer, collecting the speed of a real-time machine and the rotating speed of a fertilizing shaft by combining an encoder arranged on a speed measuring wheel, and calculating a target rotating speed of fertilizing; meanwhile, an encoder arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft detects the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft in real time; the decision system takes the target discharge capacity, the machine tool speed and the fertilizer discharging rotating speed as input quantities of the control system to obtain the rotating speed control quantity of the current fertilizer discharging device, then the controller outputs corresponding PWM waves through a PID speed regulating algorithm, and after amplification and conditioning are carried out, the fertilizer discharging motor is driven to regulate the fertilizer discharging rotating speed on line, so that synchronous fertilizer discharging operation is realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a pneumatic transmission distribution type side deep fertilizing device which characterized in that: including frame (1) and connect in fan (2), fertile case (3), feed sprayer (4) and furrow opener (7) of frame (1), fertile case (3) are connected in the feed end of feed sprayer through fertilizer apparatus (31), the air inlet end of feed sprayer (4) is connected to the air-out end of fan (2) for drive fertilizer to the discharge end of feed sprayer (4), the discharge end of feed sprayer (4) passes through distributor (5) and connects and lead fertile pipe (6), furrow opener (7) set up in the place ahead of leading fertile pipe (6).
2. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer distributor (31) is provided with a fertilizer motor (32) for driving the fertilizer distributor (31) to work and an adjusting hand wheel (33) for adjusting the working length of a fertilizer shaft.
3. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: distributor (5) are including advancing fertile pipe (51) and a plurality of play fertile pipe (52), advance fertile pipe (51) and connect in the discharge end of feed sprayer (4) through bellows (41), play fertile pipe (52) and connect and lead fertile pipe (6).
4. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the fertilizer discharging pipe (52) is also provided with a pipeline switch (53).
5. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer inlet pipe (51) is vertically arranged, and all the fertilizer outlet pipes (52) are symmetrically arranged by taking the center of the fertilizer inlet pipe (51) as an axis.
6. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the air outlet end of the fan (2) is collinear with the feeding ejector (4), and the discharge hole of the fertilizer distributor (31) inclines towards the direction of the air outlet end of the fan (2).
7. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the positions of the furrow opener (7) and the soil covering scraper (8) relative to the frame (1) can be adjusted.
8. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a soil covering scraper (8) is also arranged behind the fertilizer guide pipe (6).
9. The pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the soil covering scraper (8) is connected to the furrow opener (7) through a scraper bracket (81).
CN202010709486.1A 2020-07-22 2020-07-22 Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device Pending CN111713213A (en)

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CN202010709486.1A CN111713213A (en) 2020-07-22 2020-07-22 Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116602103A (en) * 2023-07-04 2023-08-18 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院 Anti-blocking side deep fertilization mechanism

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1189362A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-06 Kubota Corp Granule feeder
JPH11289831A (en) * 1998-04-13 1999-10-26 Kubota Corp Fertilizer applicator in rice transplanter
CN204860030U (en) * 2015-08-10 2015-12-16 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Rice intelligent fertilizer injection unit that transplants rice seedlings
CN107950153A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-04-24 沈阳农业大学 Pneumatic type rice deep placement top dressing device
CN108566804A (en) * 2018-04-02 2018-09-25 四川农业大学 A kind of mating transplanting Pneumatic type deep applying fertilizer rice planter
CN109526317A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-29 中国农业大学 Strength integrated arranging space delamination fertilizer apparatus
CN109757169A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-17 湖南农业大学 Side deep fertilizing device between a kind of regeneration rice field
CN212544536U (en) * 2020-07-22 2021-02-19 南京农业大学 Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1189362A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-06 Kubota Corp Granule feeder
JPH11289831A (en) * 1998-04-13 1999-10-26 Kubota Corp Fertilizer applicator in rice transplanter
CN204860030U (en) * 2015-08-10 2015-12-16 山东省农业机械科学研究院 Rice intelligent fertilizer injection unit that transplants rice seedlings
CN107950153A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-04-24 沈阳农业大学 Pneumatic type rice deep placement top dressing device
CN108566804A (en) * 2018-04-02 2018-09-25 四川农业大学 A kind of mating transplanting Pneumatic type deep applying fertilizer rice planter
CN109526317A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-29 中国农业大学 Strength integrated arranging space delamination fertilizer apparatus
CN109757169A (en) * 2019-03-19 2019-05-17 湖南农业大学 Side deep fertilizing device between a kind of regeneration rice field
CN212544536U (en) * 2020-07-22 2021-02-19 南京农业大学 Pneumatic conveying distribution type side deep fertilizing device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116602103A (en) * 2023-07-04 2023-08-18 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院 Anti-blocking side deep fertilization mechanism
CN116602103B (en) * 2023-07-04 2023-11-10 黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院 Anti-blocking side deep fertilization mechanism

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