CN111709697A - Accounting method, system and storage medium for highway project energy consumption and carbon emission - Google Patents
Accounting method, system and storage medium for highway project energy consumption and carbon emission Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a system and a storage medium for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when a road engineering project needs to be subjected to approximate calculation budgeting, newly building a project in the engineering cost software; acquiring project basic data of a newly-built project; screening basic data from the project basic data; according to the basic data and the energy-saving and emission-reducing material list, the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission is counted; and calculating the energy consumption and the carbon emission according to the material consumption and the pre-stored energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the whole life cycle and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form. The invention calculates the material usage of the energy-saving and emission-reducing material list by establishing the highway project for approximate calculation and budget planning and utilizing the statistics and analysis accounting functions of the construction cost tool software, realizes the benefit evaluation accounting of carbon emission and energy consumption by combining the carbon emission and the energy consumption coefficient, can reduce the uncertainty of the accounting result, has high repeatability, and is beneficial to the standardized accounting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of computers, in particular to a method and a system for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of highway projects and a storage medium.
Background
The existing highway project is basically obtained by consulting research personnel according to on-line literature data or manually carrying out modeling analysis according to engineering data, does not adopt a unified database standard, and establishes a related accounting evaluation system, so that the result of accounting is relatively high in uncertainty and low in repeatability, and is not beneficial to normalized accounting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method, a system and a storage medium for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project comprises the following steps:
when a road engineering project needs to be subjected to approximate calculation budgeting, newly building a project in the engineering cost software;
acquiring project basic data of the newly-built project;
screening basic data from the project basic data;
according to the basic data and the energy-saving and emission-reducing material list, counting the material usage amount related to energy consumption and carbon emission;
and calculating the energy consumption and the carbon emission according to the material consumption and the pre-stored energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the full life cycle, and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form.
Another technical solution of the present invention for solving the above technical problems is as follows: a highway project energy consumption and carbon emission accounting system comprising:
the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for newly building a project in project cost software when a road project needs to be subjected to approximate budget planning, acquiring basic data of the newly built project and screening the basic data from the project basic data;
the data statistics module is used for carrying out statistics on the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission according to the basic data and the energy-saving emission-reduction material list;
and the data accounting and analyzing module is used for calculating energy consumption and carbon emission according to the material consumption and the pre-stored full life cycle energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form.
A storage medium, comprising: the storage medium stores instructions that, when read by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project as described in any one of the above embodiments.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of performing approximate calculation and budget planning by establishing a road project, calculating the material usage of an energy-saving and emission-reducing material list by utilizing the statistics and analysis accounting functions of construction cost tool software, combining carbon emission and energy consumption coefficients, realizing benefit evaluation accounting of carbon emission and energy consumption through the analysis and processing process of the construction cost software, and automatically outputting report results, thereby reducing the uncertainty of the accounting result.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emissions of a highway project according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a highway project energy consumption and carbon emission accounting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a summary of energy consumption and carbon emission in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of a summary of partial items of energy consumption and carbon emission in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a method for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project, which includes:
110. when a road engineering project needs to be subjected to approximate budgeting, a project is newly built in the engineering cost software.
Specifically, in this embodiment, when a project needs to be budgeted, the project is newly created in the main program, and a cost file, a unit price file, and a rate file including the main program are newly created. The fee collection is determined by setting parameters and calculating the rate according to the stipulations of road engineering budgeting method for each fee contained below the construction and security fee, such as: and setting and calculating the rate by using sub items such as a measure fee item below the construction security fee, construction increase fee in winter and rainy seasons and the like.
When the budget estimate is planned, the operation of dividing the project table is carried out on the new project according to the relevant regulations of the project table of the road project budget estimate planning method so as to plan the project budget book. According to the construction process flow of a certain project, combining with 'road engineering budget quota', carrying out pricing, and calculating the comprehensive unit price and the sum price of the sub-projects to obtain the set quota pricing.
120. And acquiring project basic data of the new project.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the cost, unit price and rate file of the new project, the fee, budget book, highway project budget estimate quota library, quota group price, sub-project template, material handling machine usage and budget unit price, etc. are obtained from the project basic database of the project cost software.
After the related highway engineering budget quota is extracted, the quota can relate to the consumption of manpower, materials and used machines, the quota is determined consumption, in the budget unit price of a work and material machine, the unit price of the work and material machine is determined according to the compiling supplement regulation issued by each province, the materials are determined according to the information price issued by a governing department every month or every quarter, and the unit price of the machine is determined according to the 'bench cost quota of highway engineering machinery'.
130. And screening basic data from the project basic data.
Specifically, in this embodiment, specific quota (section selected from the general budget quota 2018 of the ministered highway engineering) and specific quota of engineering quantity related to energy consumption and carbon emission, and materials and material usage related to energy conservation and emission reduction are screened from the project basic data according to requirements. Wherein the specific rated engineering quantity is the corresponding material usage.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out quantity, price and expense initialization processing on data such as construction security expense, materials and fee collection related to a newly-built project, automatically generating related reports according to regulations of road engineering budget estimate compilation, namely, on the basis, carrying out energy-saving and emission-reducing sub-item expenses and related materials according to needs, setting energy-saving and emission-reducing fields in a database of a material machine, carrying out secondary carding and brushing, and automatically obtaining the sub-item expenses and corresponding material usage related to energy-saving and emission-reducing.
140. And counting the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission according to the basic data and the energy-saving emission-reduction material list.
Specifically, in this embodiment, an energy-saving emission-reduction material list is set according to the basic data, and then the material usage is counted according to the material list. The energy-saving and emission-reducing list comprises material attributes and a material list related to energy consumption and carbon emission, specific quota related to energy consumption and carbon emission and engineering quantity of the specific quota.
The list of energy-saving and emission-reducing materials is shown in the following table 1:
note: the specific quota of material usage is the sum of all called above-mentioned quota of engineering quantities within a certain cost file.
TABLE 1
150. And calculating the energy consumption and the carbon emission according to the material consumption and the pre-stored energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the full life cycle, and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form.
Specifically, in this embodiment, coefficient conversion is performed according to the pre-stored full-life-cycle energy consumption and carbon emission coefficients, and the calculation coefficients of energy consumption and carbon emission are determined;
calculating energy consumption and carbon emission through a material consumption calculation system;
and displaying the calculated energy consumption and carbon emission in a report form by calling the energy consumption and carbon emission part material summary table template and the energy consumption and carbon emission part item summary table template.
Wherein, the energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the whole life cycle are shown in the following table 2:
| GWP9(kg CO2 eq/kg) | PED(MJ/kg) | |
| reinforcing bar | 2.64 | 39.05 |
| Asphalt | 0.86 | 56.00 |
| Steel pipe | 2.84 | 42.27 |
| Coal (coal) | 2.11 | 46.89 |
| Electric power | 0.97 | 12.79 |
| Steel plate | 2.91 | 43.72 |
| Heavy oil | 3.83 | 82.64 |
| Aluminium alloy | 23.86 | 281.42 |
| Clay clay | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Gasoline (gasoline) | 3.86 | 93.68 |
| Cement | 0.74 | 4.50 |
| Water (W) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Crushing stone | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Diesel oil | 3.90 | 89.99 |
| Iron piece | 2.36 | 29.08 |
| Sand | 0.00 | 0.04 |
| Natural gas | 2.44 | 54.42 |
| Construction waste-mortar stone material | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| Construction waste-concrete and reinforced concrete | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| Construction waste-cement concrete pavement | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| Construction waste-asphalt concrete pavement | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| Construction waste-integrated digging road surface | 0.01 | 0.18 |
TABLE 2
In addition, the displayed report can be subjected to energy consumption and carbon emission accounting analysis. Specifically, according to an operation instruction input by a user, carbon emission and energy consumption in items, orders, sections and items are screened and displayed in the report.
In summary, the accounting method for the energy consumption and the carbon emission of the highway project provided by the invention can realize the accounting and statistics of the sub-materials and the sub-projects, display the sub-projects to realize the accounting analysis of the energy consumption and the carbon emission, including temporary projects, roadbeds, pavement projects and the like, comprehensively reflect the composition of the carbon emission and the energy consumption from the projects, the sections and the details, and realize the functions of screening, displaying and outputting two reports in the appendix.
The report access setting refers to fig. 3 and fig. 4, and the report output format refers to table 3 and table 4 below.
The energy consumption and carbon emission component materials summary table shown in fig. 3 is drawn as follows:
sysCode with code as material
"material subdivision" is the name of the material of the working machine
"Unit" is a unit of material
Engineering volume of "total amount
"technical index" is the total number divided by the number of kilometers
"carbon emissions" are the total number multiplied by the carbon emission coefficient, as detailed in Table 2 above
"duty ratio" is the current carbon emission divided by the total carbon emission
"energy consumption" is the total number multiplied by the energy consumption factor, as detailed in Table 2 above
"duty ratio" is the current energy consumption divided by the total energy consumption
Remarks for materials
The summary table of the partial items of energy consumption and carbon emission shown in fig. 4 is described as follows:
the energy consumption and carbon emission part and item summary table can filter and display specific items according to user selection items, sections and items, and the items displayed by default are items.
Item, section, item: taking the BSID of the item, if the number of the BSIDs is 3, 4, 5 and 6; the item, the order, the section and the item are respectively corresponded, and the No of the item is taken.
The "project or expense name" is taken as the name of the item
"Unit" is the unit of the item
"Total quantity" is the engineering quantity
"technical index" refers to the technical index of the engineering quantity of highway engineering project
"carbon emissions" is the sum of all qualified work machines and rated carbon emissions under the term, calculated as work machine or rated material usage multiplied by a factor, detailed in Table 2 above
The "carbon emission ratio" is the carbon emission divided by the total carbon emission
The material with the highest carbon emission contribution rate is the material or the quota with the largest carbon emission in the term, and the ratio is the carbon emission of the material or the quota divided by the total carbon emission
"energy consumption" is the sum of all qualified work machines and rated energy consumption under the item, and energy consumption is calculated by multiplying the material usage of the work machines or the rated energy consumption by a coefficient, and the coefficient is detailed in the table 2
"energy consumption ratio" is the energy consumption divided by the total energy consumption
The material with the highest energy consumption contribution rate is the material or the quota with the highest energy consumption in the item, and the ratio is the energy consumption of the material or the quota divided by the total energy consumption
The remarks are the remarks of this item
The following table 3 is a summary table of energy consumption and carbon emission.
Summary table of energy consumption and carbon emission
TABLE 3
Table 4 below is a summary table of the partial items of energy consumption and carbon emission.
Energy consumption and carbon emission subsection summary table
TABLE 4
The technical solution of the method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 1, and the technical solution of the system for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project according to the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 2.
A system for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of highway project as shown in fig. 2 comprises: a data acquisition module 210, a data statistics module 220, and a data accounting analysis module 230.
The data acquisition module 210 is configured to, when a highway engineering project needs to be subjected to approximate budgeting, newly build a project in engineering cost software, acquire project basic data of the newly built project, and screen basic data from the project basic data;
the data statistics module 220 is used for counting the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission according to the basic data and the energy-saving and emission-reduction material list;
the data accounting and analyzing module 230 is configured to calculate energy consumption and carbon emission according to the material usage and pre-stored energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the full life cycle, and display the energy consumption and carbon emission in a report form.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the data obtaining module 210 is specifically configured to obtain, from a project basic database of the engineering cost software, cost, unit price, and rate file of the newly-built project, a fee, a budget book, a highway project budget estimate quota library, a quota group price, a part item template, a material consumption machine usage amount, a budget unit price, and the like.
The data acquisition module 210 is further configured to screen the project basic data for specific quota (selected from the general budget quota 2018 of the ministered highway project) and specific quota of project amount related to energy consumption and carbon emission, and for materials and material usage related to energy conservation and emission reduction. Wherein the specific rated engineering quantity is the corresponding material usage.
The data statistics module 220 is specifically configured to set an energy-saving and emission-reducing bill of materials according to the basic data. The energy-saving emission-reducing bill of materials comprises: material properties and bill of materials relating to energy consumption and carbon emissions, and specific quotients relating to energy consumption and carbon emissions and their workload.
The data accounting analysis module 230 is specifically configured to perform coefficient conversion according to the pre-stored full life cycle energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient, and determine the calculation coefficient of energy consumption and carbon emission; calculating energy consumption and carbon emission through a material consumption calculation system; and displaying the calculated energy consumption and carbon emission in a report form by calling the energy consumption and carbon emission part material summary table template and the energy consumption and carbon emission part item summary table template.
The data accounting analysis module 230 is further configured to perform energy consumption and carbon emission accounting analysis on the displayed report. Specifically, according to an operation instruction input by a user, carbon emission and energy consumption in items, orders, sections and items are screened and displayed in a report.
It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the accounting system for highway project energy consumption and carbon emission according to the embodiment of the present invention may correspond to an execution main body of the accounting method for highway project energy consumption and carbon emission according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the above and other operations and/or functions of each module in the accounting system for highway project energy consumption and carbon emission are respectively for implementing corresponding flows of each method in fig. 1, and are not described herein again for brevity.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, including: the storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are read by the computer, the instructions cause the computer to execute a method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project as described in any one of the above embodiments.
It should be noted that in the method for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of the highway project in the technical scheme of the invention, a data collection, statistics, analysis and processing function module is mainly used for carrying out data collection, statistics and analysis processing on the data through a homonymous engineering cost software, an energy consumption and carbon emission part item summary table and an energy consumption and carbon emission part item summary table are carried out, the functions of automatic screening of carbon emission and energy consumption contribution rate and report output are realized, and a calculation basis is provided for scheme comparison, energy saving and emission reduction optimization design and benefit evaluation.
The energy consumption and carbon emission accounting module for accounting the energy consumption and the carbon emission is stored in the engineering cost management software, namely, a database of a software installation disk in a computer. The construction cost file can be exported through software in the form of a construction cost file, and can be edited after being exported and imported. The software module includes: the main program 11 congruence engineering cost software, the module control unit 21 congruence data statistics template, and the module control unit 22 congruence data analysis template. The details are shown in the following table:
in addition, it should be noted that the data in table 2 above is derived from the basic database CLCD of the life cycle in china, is the only comprehensive online life cycle evaluation LCA basic database which is publicly available at present in China, and supports the calculation of the life cycle list LCI and the life cycle influence evaluation LCIA.
Wherein, the LCA calculating step comprises:
(1) calculation of LCI results
And accumulating the same list substances in the whole life cycle process to obtain an LCI result. The calculation formula for the summary of the manifest material is defined as:
wherein i represents a list of substances in the product's life cycle, such as water consumption, VOC, CO2Etc.; p represents a unit process in the product life cycle; invipRepresenting the quantity, s, of a particular inventory substance i in a particular unit process p in the product's full life cyclepProcess coefficients of process p determined after the given LCA calculated the reference stream; LCIiIndicates the LCA cumulative results for a certain list of substances i included in the product life cycle assessment.
(2) Calculation of LCIA index
Based on the LCI result obtained by accumulation, each substance is multiplied by a characterization factor (i.e. equivalent conversion factor corresponding to each inventory substance in the same LCIA index) corresponding to each LCIA index, and the LCIA index can be obtained after accumulation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein c represents a certain type of environmental impact, such as carbon footprint, acidification, eutrophication, etc.; LCIAcIndicating the calculation result of the LCIA index of type c; CF (compact flash)iIndicating the corresponding characterization factor value (characteristic factor) of a certain inventory material i in the LCIA index of type c.
In addition, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of illustrating clearly the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be an electric, mechanical or other form of connection.
Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention essentially or partially contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for accounting energy consumption and carbon emission of a highway project is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when a road engineering project needs to be subjected to approximate calculation budgeting, newly building a project in the engineering cost software;
acquiring project basic data of the newly-built project;
screening basic data from the project basic data;
according to the basic data and the energy-saving and emission-reducing material list, counting the material usage amount related to energy consumption and carbon emission;
and calculating the energy consumption and the carbon emission according to the material consumption, the pre-stored full life cycle energy consumption and the pre-stored carbon emission coefficient, and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining project basic data of the new project comprises:
and acquiring the cost, unit price and rate file of the newly-built project from the project basic database of the project cost software, and taking the fee, the budget book, the highway project budget quota library, the quota group price, the subsection project template, the work and material machine consumption and the budget unit price.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of screening the project basic data for basic data comprises:
and screening specific quota related to energy consumption and carbon emission, specific quota related to materials and material usage, wherein the specific quota related to the materials and material usage is the corresponding material usage, from the project basic data according to the requirements.
4. The method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of highway projects according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein before the step of counting the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission according to the basic data and the energy-saving and emission-reducing bill of materials, the method further comprises the following steps:
setting an energy-saving emission-reduction bill of materials according to the basic data, wherein the energy-saving emission-reduction bill of materials comprises: material properties and bill of materials relating to energy consumption and carbon emissions, and specific quotients relating to energy consumption and carbon emissions and engineering quantities thereof.
5. The method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of highway projects according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the step of calculating and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form according to the material usage and the pre-stored full-life-cycle energy consumption and carbon emission coefficients comprises the following steps:
performing coefficient conversion according to the pre-stored energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the full life cycle, and determining the calculation coefficients of the energy consumption and the carbon emission;
calculating energy consumption and carbon emission through a material consumption calculation system;
and displaying the calculated energy consumption and carbon emission in a report form by calling the energy consumption and carbon emission part material summary table template and the energy consumption and carbon emission part item summary table template.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and carrying out accounting analysis on the energy consumption and the carbon emission of the displayed report.
7. The method for accounting for energy consumption and carbon emission of highway project according to claim 6, wherein the accounting analysis of energy consumption and carbon emission on the displayed report comprises:
and according to an operation instruction input by a user, screening and displaying the carbon emission and energy consumption in the items, the orders, the sections and the items in the report.
8. A system for accounting for highway project energy consumption and carbon emissions, comprising:
the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data analysis module and a data analysis module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for newly building a project in project cost software when a road project needs to be subjected to approximate budget planning, acquiring project basic data of the newly built project and screening the basic data from the project basic data;
the data statistics module is used for carrying out statistics on the material usage related to energy consumption and carbon emission according to the basic data and the energy-saving emission-reduction material list;
and the data accounting and analyzing module is used for calculating energy consumption and carbon emission according to the material consumption and the pre-stored full life cycle energy consumption and carbon emission coefficient and displaying the energy consumption and the carbon emission in a report form.
9. A storage medium, comprising: the storage medium has stored therein instructions which, when read by a computer, cause the computer to execute a method of accounting for highway project energy consumption and carbon emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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