CN111705535B

CN111705535B - Energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling grinding disc distance and control method

Info

Publication number: CN111705535B
Application number: CN202010497301.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏沁阳
Original assignee: Beijing Chuanyuan Jiye Automation Control Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Chuanyuan Jiye Automation Control Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-04
Filing date: 2020-06-04
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-04
Also published as: CN111705535A

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw decomposition machine, which comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor main shaft of the main motor fixedly connected with a stretchable coupler, the stretchable coupler fixedly connected with one end of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrating through a bearing assembly fixed in a bearing fixing seat, the bearing assembly being used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, and the other end of the main rotating shaft being fixedly connected with a movable grinding disc; the bearing assembly can drive the main rotating shaft and the movable grinding disc to axially move under the action of the power device, and the effect of adjusting the distance between the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc is achieved; the invention also discloses a method for automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs, which can accurately, continuously and automatically adjust the distance between the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc; the movable grinding disc and the static grinding disc are both made of non-metal materials; the invention also discloses a balanced feeding device and an inertia wheel device for overcoming the resistance of the grinding disc; the straw decomposer has the advantages of energy conservation, good pulping effect, long service life of the millstone and the like.

Description

Energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling grinding disc distance and control method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of straw decomposers, and particularly relates to an energy-saving straw decomposer capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs and a control method.

Background

Item background

Every billion tons of straws are produced by various crops in China, and a considerable part of the straws are not available at present. The straw burning pollutes the atmosphere. Crushing and returning to the field, influencing the growth of the next crop and simultaneously generating a large amount of haze gas. A large amount of straw resources cannot be utilized. The main reason is the lack of a technology which can clean, greatly and efficiently utilize the straws.

The applicant researches the comprehensive utilization of straws from 1999 and innovates a straw fiber decomposition machine. The method utilizes a physical method, does not add any chemical agent, obtains straw fiber, can recycle water, uses waste residues as fertilizer, does not pollute the environment, and utilizes the straw as a whole resource. Multiple national patents are obtained in sequence.

The straw papermaking needs to add chemical preparations such as acid and alkali, and is a main obstacle of straw papermaking. Why can the clean pulping technology do it without addition of chemicals? The main reasons are three points:

1 transformation of thinking pattern

The traditional straw pulping thought is to thoroughly remove lignin in the straw. Along this line, pulping without acid or alkali is difficult to achieve. We have left the traditional thinking that, instead of removing lignin, the fibers are separated from each other, and lignin is still mostly attached to the surfaces of the straw fibers, but the mutual overlapping of the fibers is not influenced.

2 changing the material and tooth form of the grinding disc

The high-concentration mill for traditional pulping is mainly used for preparing wood fibers, and the movable disc and the fixed disc are both steel grinding discs, are fine and sharp in tooth shape, strong in cutting-off capacity and weak in grinding capacity. The straw lignin and cellulose are tightly bonded, the internal bonding force is strong, the outer wall is hard, and the fiber is crisp, hard and short. The non-metal grinding disc is innovated according to the characteristics of nonmetal and the straw denaturation principle.

The lignin in the straw is changed from a brittle and hard glass state into a soft rubber state at the temperature of more than 120 ℃, and the bonding consolidation force is weakened, so that the fiber in the straw is easy to separate. The nonmetal mill has good heat insulating property, large contact surface and rough surface, so that the temperature is instantaneously generated in the mill, the tooth surface of the nonmetal mill is smooth, the contact surface is large, and the shearing force is converted into the grinding force. The straws are not crushed but are torn, extruded and ground in a decomposer, so that the straws are divided into fibers, separated, swollen and broomed to form paper pulp.

3 promoting the growth and avoiding the growth

Mechanical pulp has an incomplete separation of lignin from cellulose compared to chemical pulping. The lignin is broken into fine particles, and most of the lignin still adheres to the surface of the straw fiber. Therefore, the inner binding force is low, the hardness is high, and the paper is not suitable for manufacturing cultural paper and toilet paper.

However, the mechanical pulp has the characteristics that the mechanical pulp is very suitable for products such as corrugated paper, yellow board, pulp molding products, fiber boards and the like. During the processing of the products, under the action of high temperature and high pressure, lignin attached to the surfaces of the straw fibers is converted from a glass state to a rubber state again to form a bonding object between the fibers. Through the second denaturation, cellulose and lignin are solidified and combined, so that the product has the characteristics of wood, good stiffness and strong internal binding force. The disadvantages of mechanical pulp are reversed to advantages.

The key points of the two applicant technologies

1 the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc of the existing straw decomposition pulping machine can not be accurately regulated, the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc of the straw decomposition pulping machine of the applicant can be accurately regulated, a high-temperature high-pressure environment required for grinding straws is formed by regulating the proper distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc, and under the action of high temperature and high pressure, lignin attached to the surfaces of straw fibers is converted into a rubber state again from a glass state to become an adhesive between the fibers.

The reasonable grinding disc gap is an important guarantee for the straw pulping quality. Too large gap, insufficient pressure, temperature and grinding force of the grinding disc, and low quality of the straw devillicate and brooming. The gap between the millstones is too small, the straws are ground and crushed, the fibers are too short, and the binding force in the straw pulp is poor. The grinding disc of the straw decomposition machine is restarted, replaced, abraded and thinned and the like. The gap between the two grinding discs needs to be adjusted frequently to keep a reasonable gap distance between the two grinding discs, the existing grinding discs are generally used for manually adjusting and controlling the distance between the two grinding discs, which is very inconvenient, and meanwhile, although the Chinese patent invention with the publication number of CN110205850A shows that the machine can automatically and accurately control the distance between the grinding discs and the static grinding disc, the description of the principle and the mechanical structure of the distance adjustment and control is not clear enough and is difficult to realize.

2. The movable disc and the static disc of the grinding disc are both made of non-metallic materials. The non-metallic material with good heat insulation performance, rough surface and high hardness is selected. The grinding disc can instantly generate and keep high temperature, the shearing force is converted into grinding force, and the continuity of cellulose in grinding can be improved. The non-metallic material is selected from hard non-metallic materials such as silicon carbide, carborundum, resin and the like.

Not only the millstone, but also the existing straw fiber splitting machine also has a plurality of defects, and the automatic straw decomposing machine is an electric tiger and has high power consumption. The electricity consumption of straw pulp per ton is about 600 degrees, the electricity charge is more than 400 yuan, the cost accounts for a large proportion, the power of a used motor is also large, a motor with 1600 kilowatts is needed for a 90-mill, and a high-voltage circuit is needed. One important reason for the large power consumption is due to current fluctuations. The straws are crisp and hard, and are easy to bridge, wind and block. The concentration, hardness and quantity of straw materials entering the millstone are not balanced, so that the resistance fluctuation in the millstone is large, the current fluctuation is large and unstable, and sometimes even the motor overload operation halt occurs.

For example, chinese patent publication No. CN110205850A discloses a straw fiber splitting machine, which is used when the concentration or hardness of straw entering a millstone is not uniform, because the friction force applied to the millstone is not uniform, the main shaft and the motor are driven to vibrate, the current and voltage of the motor are not constant, and the power consumption is large.

The current of the motor is unstable, the operation of the grinding disc is unstable, the quality of pulping is influenced, the energy consumption is high, and the service life of the motor is shortened. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the grinding disc, a motor with higher power has to be selected, so that the power consumption and the purchase cost of the motor are increased. In order to overcome the problem that the motor is not constant in current due to the fluctuation of the internal resistance of the grinding disc. An automatic constant-current device for an inertia wheel is designed, and the inertia wheel is additionally arranged between a motor and a main shaft.

The existing straw decomposition machine has the contradiction of unbalanced feeding, and more feeding time and less feeding time. The yield is low due to too little feeding, the pressure, heat and grinding force in the grinding disc are insufficient, and the quality of the straw pulp is reduced. Too much feeding, large tooth grinding pressure and easy damage. The motor has large load and high power consumption. The balanced feeding can keep the reasonable processing amount of the grinding disc. Whether the feeding quantity is proper or not can be shown by the current of the main motor. When too much feed is fed, the motor current rises. When the feeding is too little, the motor current drops. Based on this principle, we developed an automatic equalizing forced feed control device.

Three technical advantages

Because the nonmetal millstone and the improved straw decomposer are used, the straw fiber can be cleanly prepared without adding chemical agents, the production process is energy-saving and pollution-free, and the product is pollution-free. The product has high quality, low cost and high investment benefit. The materials are widely available, and the wheat straw, the rice straw, the sorghum, the corn, the cotton, the beanstalk and the vegetable seedling can be utilized. The project scale can be large or small, and the production scale is determined according to the straw yield.

Disclosure of Invention

On the basis of the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN110205850A, the invention provides a straw fiber decomposing machine which is energy-saving, can automatically and finely control the grinding disc spacing and has uniform feeding aiming at the design defects of the straw fiber dividing machine in the patent, and also discloses a method for automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing. The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows:

1. the distance between the conventional movable grinding disc and the conventional fixed grinding disc cannot be regulated, and the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can move relatively under the action of the friction force of straws, so that the quality of pulping is reduced when the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc is changed, particularly when the distance deviates from the optimal grinding disc distance obtained by experimental measurement in advance;

2. the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc in the prior art can not be finely regulated, and when the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc changes due to relative movement of the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc, the distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can not be finely regulated automatically, and the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc can not work at the optimal distance in real time.

3. The straws are crisp and hard, and are easy to bridge, wind and block. The concentration, hardness and quantity of straw pulp entering the millstone are not balanced, so that the fluctuation of resistance in the millstone is large, the current fluctuation of the spindle motor is large and unstable, and sometimes even the overload operation halt of the spindle motor occurs. The current of the spindle motor is unstable, which causes the operation of the grinding disc to be unstable and influences the pulping quality; the spindle motor has high energy consumption, the service life of the motor can be shortened, and in order to ensure the smooth operation of the grinding disc, a spindle motor with higher power has to be selected, so that the power consumption and the purchase cost of the spindle motor are increased;

4. the millstone made of metal used by the existing straw decomposer has high energy consumption due to large weight, the existing metal millstone, especially the metal movable millstone, can easily grind straw fibers, and compared with the millstones made of heat-insulating plastic materials such as silicon carbide or carborundum, the metal millstone is not beneficial to the formation of high-temperature and high-pressure environment between the millstones, and the pulping quality is influenced.

5. The existing straw decomposer has the contradiction of unbalanced feeding, more time and less feeding, inaccurate control of feeding amount, too little feeding, low yield, insufficient pressure, heat and grinding force in a grinding disc, and reduced straw pulp quality; too much feeding, large tooth grinding pressure and easy damage.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an energy-saving straw decomposing machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor spindle of the main motor is fixedly connected with a stretchable coupling, the stretchable coupler is fixedly connected with one end of the main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrates through the fixed seat, the fixed seat is used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, the other end of the main rotating shaft penetrates through the pulp chamber and is fixedly connected with the movable grinding disc in the pulp chamber, the fixed seat comprises a frame and a circular outer cover supported by the frame, a bearing assembly capable of axially sliding relative to the outer cover is fixed in the outer cover, the bearing assembly is rotationally connected in series and fixed on the main rotating shaft, the bearing assembly is externally connected with a power device, the power device drives the bearing assembly and the main rotating shaft to synchronously and axially move back and forth, and the main rotating shaft drives the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to synchronously and axially move back and forth.

Further, the bearing assembly comprises an annular axial sliding bearing capable of sliding axially relative to the inner surface of the outer cover, a circular annular radial rotary bearing coaxial with the axial sliding bearing is inscribed in a bearing hole of the axial sliding bearing, and the bearing assembly further comprises an annular front bearing cover and an annular rear bearing cover which respectively lock the axial sliding bearing and the radial rotary bearing together from two sides; the main rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the circular ring hole of the rear bearing cover, the bearing hole of the radial rotating bearing and the circular ring hole of the front bearing cover, the main rotating shaft and the radial rotating bearing are fixedly connected in series in a rotating mode, and the radial rotating bearing is driven by the main rotating shaft to synchronously rotate in a radial direction; two groups of bearing assemblies are arranged in the outer cover in a front-back mode and are respectively called a first bearing assembly (front) and a second bearing assembly (back), the first bearing assembly is externally connected with the power device and can axially slide back and forth, and the second bearing assembly fixedly supports the main rotating shaft; the movable grinding disc is opposite to a fixed grinding disc fixed in the grinding chamber, and the fixed grinding disc and the movable grinding disc are both made of hard and rough non-metal materials with good heat insulation effect.

Furthermore, a fracture penetrating through the outer cover is formed in the outer cover, the outer cover is divided into a front section and a rear section by the fracture, the front section and the rear section are respectively called as a front outer cover and a rear outer cover, the first bearing assembly is fixed in the front outer cover, and the second bearing assembly is fixed in the rear outer cover; the power device comprises a connecting rear disc fixed at the rear end of the outer surface of the rear outer cover, the connecting rear disc is in a circular ring shape and is coaxial with the rear outer cover, a plurality of groups of power source devices are fixed on the connecting rear disc, a circular ring-shaped connecting disc is fixedly connected to the front end of a power shaft of each power source device, the connecting disc is located at a fracture of the outer cover, the connecting disc is connected to a main rotating shaft at the fracture in series, the connecting disc moves back and forth along the main rotating shaft under the driving of external force, and the moving range is limited to the width of the fracture; the power device further comprises an M8 bolt, one end of the M8 bolt is bolted with the connecting disc, the other end of the M8 bolt is fixedly connected with a rear bearing cover of the first bearing assembly, and the power shaft pushes the connecting disc, the first bearing assembly, the main rotating shaft, the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously.

Further, the power source device is one of a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric motor; the power source devices are 1-8 groups, and a plurality of groups of power source devices are symmetrically arranged on the connecting rear disc; a power shaft of the power source device is bolted with the connecting disc; the pulp chamber is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed seat through a connecting arm.

Furthermore, the outer cover is made of a metal material or a hard non-metal material, the outer surface of the front outer cover is fixedly provided with a detection end of the electronic ruler, a telescopic measuring rod of the electronic ruler is fixedly connected with the connecting disc, and the connecting disc drives the telescopic measuring rod to move back and forth in a synchronous axial direction; the detection end of the electronic ruler is electrically connected with a first control end, the first control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software, and the first control end is electrically connected with the power source device.

Furthermore, the stretchable coupler comprises a hollow cylindrical rear coupling sleeve, the motor spindle is fixedly sleeved in one end of the rear coupling sleeve, the stretchable coupler also comprises a hollow cylindrical front coupling sleeve, the other end of the rear coupling sleeve is fixedly sleeved in one end of the front coupling sleeve, and one end of the main rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved in the other end of the front coupling sleeve; a plurality of round holes are formed in the joint of the front coupling shaft sleeve and the rear coupling shaft sleeve, the rear coupling shaft sleeve and the front coupling shaft sleeve respectively occupy a semicircle of each round hole, and a cylindrical bolt is inserted into each round hole; an annular bolt blocking disc is arranged along the outer wall of the rear coupling sleeve, and the bolt blocking disc blocks the opening end of the round hole from the outside; the front coupling sleeve, the bolt blocking disc, the rear coupling sleeve and the cylindrical bolt are all made of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

Furthermore, an inertia wheel for overcoming the resistance of the grinding disc is connected to the main rotating shaft in series, the hollow aperture of the inertia wheel is the same as the diameter of the main rotating shaft, and the inertia wheel is connected between the outer cover and the stretchable coupling in series; the brake device is characterized by further comprising a brake oil cylinder fixed on the base, a square brake pad is integrally connected to the front end of a first hydraulic rod of the brake oil cylinder, and the brake pad is pushed by a piston of the brake oil cylinder to abut against the rotating inertia wheel, so that a brake effect is achieved; the first hydraulic rod and the inertia wheel are made of one of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

The uniform feeding device comprises a feeding flood dragon connected with a flood dragon motor, a discharge hole of the feeding flood dragon is connected with a first feed hole of the slurry chamber, a second feed hole is formed in the upper portion of the feeding flood dragon, the second feed hole is connected with a feeding funnel, a plurality of identical thumb wheel blades are arranged in a cylindrical accommodating cavity of the feeding funnel, and the accommodating cavity is divided into a plurality of small material cavities by two adjacent thumb wheel blades; the plurality of thumb wheel blades are vertically arranged and are connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a feeding motor fixed on the upper part of the feeding hopper, and the feeding motor controls the thumb wheel blades to horizontally rotate; the diameter of the feeding hopper is 1-3 m, a third feeding port of the feeding hopper is used for manually feeding straw, and the third feeding port and the second feeding port are not arranged in a manner of being opposite to each other up and down;

furthermore, the feeding motor and the main motor are respectively connected with a second control end, and the second control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software.

An automatic control method for the grinding disc space of the energy-saving straw decomposition machine comprises the following steps:

1) taking the optimal distance between a movable grinding disc and a fixed grinding disc (hereinafter referred to as two discs) obtained by experiments in advance as a calibration value, inputting the calibration value into the programmable logic controller or program software of a computer, and stabilizing the distance between the two discs under the calibration value to ensure that the grinding force, the temperature and the pressure are proper and the obtained grinding quality is highest;

2) zeroing the electronic ruler, adjusting the distance between the two discs to the calibrated value, starting a main motor and grinding straws, simultaneously detecting the displacement of the telescopic measuring rod in real time, inputting the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod to the program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer in real time, and calculating the distance between the two discs in real time by the program software of the programmable logic controller or the computer according to the calibrated value and the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod;

3) logic judgment, when the distance between the two disks is larger than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or program software of the computer sends a signal to the power source device, a power shaft of the power source device pushes the connecting disk to advance at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value; when the distance between the two disks is smaller than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller or the program software of the computer sends a signal to the power source device, the power shaft of the power source device pulls the connecting disk to retreat at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:

1. the distance between the two disks of the straw decomposition machine can be finely regulated and controlled automatically or manually, the two disks are ensured to be in a proper working distance, the distance between the two disks does not fluctuate too much or too little, proper pressure and temperature and proper grinding force between the two disks are ensured, the straw devillicating and brooming quality is high, and the problems that the straw is ground and crushed too much, the fiber is broken too short and the bonding force in the straw pulp is poor due to too small distance between the two disks are avoided.

2. The movable grinding disc made of nonmetal materials is matched with the fixed grinding disc made of nonmetal materials for use, and hard nonmetal materials such as silicon carbide, carborundum, resin and the like with good heat insulation performance, rough surface and high hardness are selected, so that the grinding disc can instantly generate and keep high temperature, the shearing force is converted into grinding force, a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is maintained, the broken straw lignin is converted into rubber from a glass state again to form an adhesive between fibers, and the pulping quality is improved.

3. The self characteristics of the straws determine that the internal resistance fluctuation is large in the working process of the millstone. The inertia wheel has huge inertia force, can overcome the internal resistance of the millstone, stabilizes the current, and is very suitable for straw pulping. The method can play an important role in improving the quality of straw pulp, reducing energy consumption, prolonging the service life of a motor, reducing cost and improving benefit.

4. The stretchable coupling is simpler in structural design and easier to produce.

5. The straw decomposer can automatically and evenly control the feeding amount, avoid the problems of insufficient grinding and energy consumption caused by excessive grinding materials, and also avoid the problem of reduced grinding quality caused by insufficient pressure and heat in the grinding disc caused by too small grinding materials.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a straw decomposition machine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of the fixing base according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front sectional view of the stretchable coupler according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a side view of the stretchable coupling of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the automatic control of the straw decomposition machine according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

wherein, 1-a base; 12-a main motor; 13-a motor spindle; 14-a stretchable coupling; 14-1-front coupling sleeve; 14-2-rear coupling sleeve; 14-3-cylindrical bolt; 14-4-latch catch plate; 14-5-round hole; 14-6-telescopic space; 15-main rotation axis; 16-a fixed seat; 16-1-front housing; 16-2-rear housing; 16-3-connecting the back plate; 16-4-hydraulic cylinder; 16-4-1-second hydraulic rod; 16-5-connecting disc; 16-6-M8 bolt; 16-7-axial plain bearing; 16-8-radial slew bearing; 16-9-front bearing cap; 16-10-rear bearing cap; 16-11-detection end; 16-12-telescopic measuring rod; 16-13-fracture; 16-14-a first bearing assembly; 16-15-a second bearing assembly; 17-a pulp chamber; 17-1-moving grinding disc; 17-2-fixed grinding disc; 17-3-first feed port; 17-4-a pulp outlet; 18-a frame; 19-a feed flood dragon; 19-1-flood dragon motor; 19-2-second feed port; 111-a flywheel; 112-a brake oil cylinder; 112-1-a first hydraulic lever; 112-2-brake pad; 113-a feed funnel; 113-1-thumb wheel blade; 113-2-small material cavity; 113-3-shaft; 113-4-a feed motor; 113-5-a third feed port; 114-a connecting arm; 2-programmable logic controller.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, an energy saving straw disintegrator capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs comprises a base 1 for fixing the straw disintegrator, a main motor 12 fixed at one end of the base 1, a motor spindle 13 of the main motor 12 fixedly connected with a stretchable coupling 14, the stretchable coupling 14 is fixedly connected with one end of the main rotating shaft 15, the main rotating shaft 15 passes through the fixed seat 16, the fixed seat 16 is used for supporting the main rotating shaft 15 in a rotating state, the other end of the main rotating shaft 15 penetrates into the pulp chamber 17 and is fixedly connected with the movable grinding disc 17-1, the movable grinding disc 17-1 is opposite to the fixed grinding disc 17-2 fixed in the pulp chamber 17, the ground pulp flows out from the pulp outlet 17-4 of the pulp chamber 17 and is collected, the pulp chamber 17 is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed seat 16 through a connecting arm 114. (in this embodiment, the movable grinding disc 17-1 and the fixed grinding disc 17-2 are collectively referred to as two discs, the same applies hereinafter). The movable grinding disc 17-1 and the fixed grinding disc 17-2 can be made of hard, super-thick and good-heat-preservation-effect nonmetal materials such as resin, carborundum and silicon carbide.

The fixing seat 16 comprises a frame 18 fixed on the base 1 and a circular outer cover (composed of a front outer cover 16-1 and a rear outer cover 16-2 shown in fig. 2) supported by the frame 18, the outer cover is made of metal or hard plastic, the main rotating shaft 15 passes through a circular hole of the outer cover, a bearing assembly (including 16-7, 16-8, 16-9 and 16-10 mentioned below) capable of axially sliding relative to the outer cover is fixed in the outer cover, the bearing assembly is rotatably connected in series and fixed on the main rotating shaft 15, the main rotating shaft 15 is driven by the main motor 12 to radially rotate, the main rotating shaft 15 drives the bearing assembly to synchronously radially rotate, the bearing assembly is externally connected with a power device, and the power device drives the bearing assembly, the main rotating shaft 15 and the stretchable coupling 14 to synchronously and axially move back and forth, the main rotating shaft 15 drives the movable grinding disc 17-1 to move axially. The power device controls the main rotating shaft 15 to move axially, so as to drive the movable grinding disc 17-1 (positioned in the pulp chamber 17) fixed at the other end of the main rotating shaft 15 to move back and forth, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the distance between the movable grinding disc 17-1 and the static grinding disc and roughly adjusting the distance between the two discs.

Specifically, the bearing assembly of the present embodiment includes an axial sliding bearing 16-7, a radial rotary bearing 16-8, a front bearing cover 16-9 and a rear bearing cover 16-10, the annular axial sliding bearing 16-7 is located in the outer cover and can axially slide relative to the inner surface of the outer cover, the annular radial rotary bearing 16-8 coaxial with the axial sliding bearing 16-7 is inscribed in the bearing hole of the axial sliding bearing 16-7, the bearing assembly further includes an annular front bearing cover 16-9 and an annular rear bearing cover 16-10, and the front bearing cover 16-9 and the rear bearing cover 16-10 respectively lock the axial sliding bearing 16-7 and the radial rotary bearing 16-8 together from two sides; the main rotating shaft 15 sequentially penetrates through a circular ring hole of the rear bearing cover 16-10, a bearing hole of the radial rotating bearing 16-8 and a circular ring hole of the front bearing cover 16-9, the main rotating shaft 15 is rotatably and fixedly connected with the radial rotating bearing 16-8, and the radial rotating bearing 16-8 synchronously rotates in a radial direction under the driving of the main rotating shaft 15; the front and rear bearing assemblies are arranged in the outer cover and are respectively called as a first bearing assembly 16-14 and a second bearing assembly 16-15, the first bearing assembly 16-14 is externally connected with the power device, the second bearing assembly 16-15 is fixed in the outer cover and is spaced from the first bearing assembly 16-14 at a certain distance, and the first bearing assembly and the second bearing assembly play a role in uniformly supporting the main rotating shaft 15 and avoiding the main rotating shaft 15 from vibrating when rolling.

A fracture 16-13 penetrating through the outer cover body is formed along the outer cover, the fracture 16-13 divides the outer cover into a front section and a rear section which are respectively called as a front outer cover 16-1 and a rear outer cover 16-2, the first bearing assembly is positioned inside the front outer cover 16-1, the second bearing assembly is positioned inside the rear outer cover 16-2 and is fixed, and the outer cover is made of metal materials such as stainless steel or hard non-metal materials such as silicon carbide and the like; the power device comprises a connecting rear disc 16-3 fixed at the rear end of the outer surface of the rear outer cover 16-2, the connecting rear disc 16-3 is in a circular ring shape and is coaxial with the outer cover, the connecting rear disc 16-3 can be independently fixed on the rear outer cover 16-2 or integrally formed with the rear outer cover 16-2, 2 sets of symmetrically arranged hydraulic cylinders 16-4 are fixed on the connecting rear disc 16-3, the front end of a second hydraulic rod 16-4-1 of the hydraulic cylinder 16-4 is fixedly connected with a connecting disc 16-5 in a circular ring shape in a bolted mode, the connecting disc 16-5 is located at a fracture 16-13 of the outer cover, the connecting disc 16-5 is connected in series with a main rotating shaft 15 at the fracture 16-13, and the connecting disc 16-5 is driven by external force to move axially back and forth relative to the main rotating shaft 15, the back-and-forth movement distance is limited to the width of the fractures 16-13; the power device further comprises an M8 bolt 16-6, one end of the M8 bolt 16-6 is bolted with the connecting disc 16-5, the other end of the M8 bolt 16-6 is fixedly connected with a rear bearing cover 16-10 of the first bearing assembly 16-14, and the second hydraulic rod 16-4-1 pushes the connecting disc 16-5, the first bearing assembly 16-14, the main rotating shaft 15, the stretchable coupling 14 and the movable grinding disc 17-1 to move axially and back and forth synchronously, so that the coarse adjustment of the distance between the two discs is realized.

In the actual operation process of the straw machine, for each different grinding material (including corn straw, sorghum straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, rice straw and the like), an applicant searches for a long time to obtain an optimal distance between two discs corresponding to the straw, namely a calibration value, the distance between the two discs is stably milled under the calibration value, the grinding power, temperature and pressure can be ensured to be proper, the obtained grinding quality is highest, however, in the actual work, the distance between the two discs can deviate from the calibration value under the action of other factors such as the resistance or rotation of the grinding material such as the straw and the like of the grinding disc, if the distance is not controlled, the distance value can deviate more and more seriously, therefore, the applicant develops the straw decomposition machine capable of automatically and accurately controlling the distance between the two discs, and formulates a set of control method according to the device, so that the distance between the two discs in work is always close to the calibration value, thereby obtaining high-quality ground pulp. The device for automatically and accurately controlling the distance of the straw machine comprises an electronic ruler, a detection end 16-11 of the electronic ruler is fixed outside a front outer cover 16-1, the detection end 16-11 is fixedly connected with a telescopic measuring rod 16-12, the telescopic measuring rod 16-12 of the electronic ruler is fixedly connected with a connecting disc 16-5 (in a bolted connection mode, a welded connection mode, a riveted connection mode and the like), the telescopic measuring rod 16-12 and the connecting disc 16-5 move back and forth in a synchronous axial direction, the device further comprises a first control end (in the embodiment, the first control end is the same as a second control end, hereinafter referred to as a control end for short), the control end is electrically connected with the detection end 16-11 of the electronic ruler, and the control end is also electrically connected with a hydraulic cylinder 16-4; the control end is a programmable logic controller 2 with a touch screen or a computer with program software, and in the embodiment, taking the programmable logic controller 2 as an example, the method for automatically and accurately controlling the distance between the two disks comprises the following steps:

1) taking the optimal distance between the two disks obtained by experiments in advance as a calibration value, and inputting the calibration value into the programmable logic controller 2;

2) zeroing the electronic ruler, adjusting the distance between the two discs to the calibrated value, starting the main motor 12 and grinding straws, simultaneously detecting the displacement of the telescopic measuring rod 16-12 in real time, inputting the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod 16-12 to the programmable logic controller 2 in real time, and calculating the distance between the two discs by the programmable logic controller 2 in real time according to the calibrated value and the displacement value of the telescopic measuring rod 16-12;

3) logic judgment, when the distance between the two disks is larger than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller 2 sends a signal (applies hydraulic thrust) to the hydraulic cylinder 16-4, the second hydraulic rod 16-4-1 of the hydraulic cylinder 16-4 pushes the connecting disk 16-5 to advance at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value; when the distance between the two disks is smaller than the calibration value, the programmable logic controller 2 sends a signal (reduces a hydraulic value) to the hydraulic cylinder 16-4, the second hydraulic rod 16-4-1 pulls the connecting disk 16-5 to retreat at a fixed speed, and the distance between the two disks is adjusted to be the calibration value.

The stretchable coupling 14 comprises a hollow cylindrical rear coupling sleeve 14-2, the motor spindle 13 is fixedly sleeved in one end of the rear coupling sleeve 14-2, the stretchable coupling 14 further comprises a hollow cylindrical front coupling sleeve 14-1, one end of the front coupling sleeve 14-1 is fixedly sleeved in the other end of the rear coupling sleeve 14-2, and one end of the main rotating shaft 15 is fixedly sleeved in the other end of the front coupling sleeve 14-1; 2-20 circular holes 14-5, preferably 8 in this embodiment, are formed at the joint of the front coupling sleeve 14-1 and the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 at equal intervals, the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 and the front coupling sleeve 14-1 each occupy a semicircle of the circular hole 14-5, and a cylindrical bolt 14-3 is inserted into the circular hole 14-5; an annular bolt blocking disc 14-4 is arranged along the circular outer wall of the rear coupling sleeve 14-2, the bolt blocking disc 14-4 can be integrally formed with the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 or can be welded on the outer portion of the rear coupling sleeve 14-2, and the bolt blocking disc 14-4 blocks the opening end of the circular hole 14-5 from the outer portion. The shapes of the front coupling sleeve 14-1 and the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 are shown in fig. 3, and the front coupling sleeve 14-1, the cylindrical pin 14-3, the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 and the cylindrical pin 14-3 can be made of metal materials such as stainless steel. The motor spindle 13 drives the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 to rotate radially, the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 drives the cylindrical bolt 14-3 to rotate radially, the cylindrical bolt 14-3 drives the front coupling sleeve 14-1 to rotate radially, and the front coupling sleeve 14-1 drives the main rotating shaft 15 fixedly connected with the front coupling sleeve (fixedly connected with the front coupling sleeve in a clamping, bolting, riveting, hinging and the like) to rotate radially. A micro-gap is formed between the front coupling sleeve 14-1 and the cylindrical bolt 14-3, when the main rotating shaft 15 is pulled up by external force to advance, the main rotating shaft 15 drives the front coupling sleeve 14-1 fixedly connected with the main rotating shaft to overcome the friction force of the cylindrical bolt 14-3 and axially move forward, the whole front coupling sleeve 14-1 axially slides along the cylindrical bolt 14-3 and forms a telescopic space 14-6, and conversely, when the main rotating shaft 15 retreats under the reverse acting force of the connecting disc 16-5, the main rotating shaft 15 drives the front coupling sleeve 14-1 fixedly connected with the main rotating shaft to overcome the friction force of the cylindrical bolt 14-3 and axially move backward. The construction of such a stretchable coupling 14 is simpler and easier to produce.

The main rotating shaft 15 is also connected in series with an inertia wheel 111 with a preset weight, the hollow aperture of the inertia wheel 111 is close to or the same as the diameter of the main rotating shaft 15, the inertia wheel 111 is made of a metal material such as stainless steel, and the inertia wheel 111 is arranged between the rear housing 16-2 and the stretchable coupling 14. The inertia wheel 111 has the function of storing kinetic energy, when the resistance of the millstone for grinding straws is increased, the inertia force of the inertia wheel 111 can overcome the resistance, the vibration of the straw machine, particularly the main rotating shaft, is reduced, and the current of the main motor 12 is stabilized without increasing. The inertia force of the inertia wheel 111 is very large, and the applicant has calculated that for a stainless steel inertia theory with a diameter of 90cm and a weight of 100kg, the inertia force is up to 98 tons when the stainless steel inertia theory rotates at a speed of 1400r/min (1400 revolutions per minute). (the inertia force calculation formula F is M × U/R, U is 2 pi R × R/min), where M is mass, R/min is linear velocity, and R is diameter.

When the internal resistance between the movable grinding disc 17-1 and the fixed grinding disc 17-2 fluctuates, the inertia force of the inertia wheel 111 can overcome the resistance between the two discs, and the constant current of the main motor 12 is maintained, so that the movable grinding disc 17-1 and the fixed grinding disc 17-2 stably run. Especially, when the resistance force applied to the two grinding discs is suddenly and greatly increased, the inertia force can drive the two grinding discs to break through the resistance force, the current peak value of the main motor 12 is reduced, and the main motor 12 does not generate short-time overload. The inertia wheel 111 has a certain weight, which can increase the negative energy consumption of the main motor 12, but it exerts inertia force to stabilize the current of the main motor 12, which can save energy by 30%, and far exceeds the energy consumption of itself.

The inertia wheel 111 counterweight calculation method comprises the following steps: the required weight of the inertia wheel 111 can be determined by trial run according to different straw conditions. In the process of decomposing straws by the decomposing machine, for the inertia wheel 111 with fixed diameter and material, when the rotating speed of the motor is fixed, the weight of the balance weight wheel is continuously adjusted within the range of normal feeding amount and straw types, and when the current peak value of the main motor 12 reaches the lowest point, the most reasonable weight of the inertia wheel 111 is obtained.

The brake device is characterized by further comprising a brake oil cylinder 112 fixed on the base 1, a square brake pad 112-2 is integrally connected to the front end of a first hydraulic rod 112-1 of the brake oil cylinder 112, and the brake pad 112-2 is pushed to abut against the rotating inertia wheel 111 through the first hydraulic rod 112-1 of the brake oil cylinder 112, so that a braking effect is achieved; the first hydraulic rod 112-1 is made of a metal material such as stainless steel. When the resistance between the two disks is greatly reduced, in order to maintain a constant flow and save energy, when the rotation speed of the inertia wheel 111 needs to be reduced, the brake cylinder 112 pushes the first hydraulic rod 112-1 to abut against the inertia wheel 111, so that the effect of reducing the rotation number of the inertia wheel 111 is achieved.

The mortar filling machine further comprises an even feeding device, the even feeding device comprises a feeding flood dragon 19 connected with a flood dragon motor 19-1, a discharge port of the feeding flood dragon 19 is connected with a first feeding port 17-3 of the mortar chamber 17, a second feeding port 19-2 is formed in the upper portion of the feeding flood dragon 19, the second feeding port 19-2 is connected with a feeding funnel 113 with a cylindrical accommodating cavity, 5 identical thumb wheel blades 113-1 are arranged in the cylindrical accommodating cavity of the feeding funnel 113, the accommodating cavity is divided into 5 small material cavities 113-2 and 5 thumb wheel blades 113-1 which are vertically arranged and are connected with a rotating shaft 113-3 by two adjacent thumb wheel blades 113-1, and the thumb wheel blades 113-1 are fixedly connected with a feeding motor 113-4 fixed on the upper portion of the feeding funnel 113 through the rotating shaft 113-3, the feeding motor 113-4 controls the thumb wheel blade 113-1 to rotate horizontally; the diameter of the feeding funnel 113 is 3 meters, a third feeding port 113-5 of the feeding funnel 113 is used for manually feeding straw, and the third feeding port 113-5 is not opposite to the second feeding port 19-2. The feeding flood dragon 19 forcibly feeds materials through a flood dragon motor 19-1, so that overlapping, winding and blocking of straws are avoided, and milling is facilitated; after the straw materials enter the small material cavity 113-2, the straw materials are pushed out of the second feeding hole 19-2 by the horizontal rotation of the thumb wheel blades 113-1, so that the feeding rate can be controlled manually, the optimal grinding material amount can be controlled, and the feeding is uniform.

The prior straw decomposing machine has the contradiction of unbalanced feeding, more time and less feeding, less feeding and low yield, and the pressure, heat and grinding force in a grinding disc are insufficient, so that the quality of straw pulp is reduced; too much feeding causes large grinding pressure, easy damage, large motor load and high power consumption. Whether the amount of feed is appropriate or not can be represented by the current of the main motor 12. When too much feed is fed, the main motor 12 current rises. When there is too little feeding, the main motor 12 current drops. Based on the principle, an automatic balanced forced feeding control device and an automatic balanced forced feeding control method are developed.

The automatic balanced forced feeding control device in this embodiment includes a second control end (the same as the first control end, which is hereinafter referred to as a control end for short), the feeding motors 113-4 and the main motor 12 are respectively connected to the control ends, the control ends are the programmable logic controller 2 with the touch screen or one of the computers with corresponding program software, in this example, taking the programmable logic controller 2 as an example, the control method of the automatic balanced forced feeding is as follows:

1) connecting the feeding motors 113-4 and the main motor 12 with the programmable logic controller 2 respectively, starting the main motor 12 and manually feeding, setting the distance between the two trays to be a calibration value to ensure sufficient feeding, manually setting the rotating speeds of a plurality of groups of different feeding motors 113-4 under the condition that the grinding condition is not changed, counting the feeding amounts under the rotating speeds of the different feeding motors 113-4 respectively under the same feeding time, calculating the average feeding amount (feeding amount/feeding time) of each group respectively, recording the average current amount (total current amount of the main motor 12/feeding time) corresponding to the average feeding amount of each group, comparing the average feeding amounts of each group to obtain a reasonable average feeding amount, namely the optimal straw grinding effect and the proper motor load under the average feeding amount, and recording the average current amount of the main motor 12 corresponding to the reasonable average feeding amount, recording as a calibration current value;

2) inputting the calibrated current value into a programmable logic controller 2 in advance, transmitting the current magnitude of the main motor 12 to the programmable logic controller 2 in real time under a working state, and calculating the average current magnitude of the main motor 12 by the programmable logic controller 2 in real time;

3) logic judgment, when the average current of the main motor 12 is higher than the calibrated current value, the programmable logic controller 2 sends a signal to reduce the rotating speed of the feeding motor 113-4 and reduce feeding; when the average current of the main motor 12 is higher than the calibrated current value, the programmable logic controller 2 sends a signal to increase the rotating speed of the feeding motor 113-4 and increase feeding; the average feeding amount is automatically controlled by the programmable logic controller 2 to be continuously close to the reasonable average feeding amount, so that the energy is saved, and the optimal grinding slurry is obtained.

In this embodiment, the time period for calculating the average feeding amount and the average current amount may be selected to be 5-60min, the programmable logic controller 2 collects the current of the main motor 12 in real time, calculates the average current amount in the time period through an integration algorithm, compares the average current amount with the calibrated current value, and when the rotation speed of the feeding motor 113-4 needs to be changed, the programmable logic controller 2 sends a signal to change the rotation speed of the feeding motor 113-4 by a predetermined difference, or continuously change the rotation speed of the feeding motor 113-4, so as to ensure that the feeding amount of the feeding motor 113-4 changes slightly around the reasonable average feeding amount, thereby obtaining the optimal feeding effect.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of embodiment 1, the energy-saving straw decomposition machine for automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing of embodiment 2 is different from embodiment 2 in that the power source equipment of the straw decomposition machine of embodiment 2 is preferably a cylinder (not shown), the cylinders are arranged in 6 groups, the 6 groups of cylinders are arranged on the connecting rear disc 16-3 in a central symmetry manner, the thumb wheel blades 113-1 are arranged in 3 pieces, the diameter of the feeding hopper 113 is 1 meter, and 12 circular holes 14-5 are formed at the joint of the front coupling sleeve 14-1 and the rear coupling sleeve 14-2. The inertia wheel 111 is made of a hard non-metal material (such as one of resin, silicon carbide or silicon carbide), and the first hydraulic rod 112-1 is made of a hard non-metal material (such as one of resin, silicon carbide or silicon carbide). The outer cover and the bearing assembly are made of hard non-metal materials (such as one of resin, carborundum or silicon carbide), and the front coupling sleeve 14-1, the cylindrical pin 14-3, the rear coupling sleeve 14-2 and the cylindrical pin 14-3 can also be made of hard non-metal materials (such as one of resin, carborundum or silicon carbide).

Claims

1. An energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between grinding discs comprises a base, a main motor fixed at one end of the base, a motor spindle of the main motor fixedly connected with a stretchable coupler, the stretchable coupler fixedly connected with one end of a main rotating shaft, the main rotating shaft penetrates through a fixed seat, the fixed seat is used for supporting the main rotating shaft in a rotating state, the other end of the main rotating shaft penetrates through a pulp chamber and is fixedly connected with a movable grinding disc in the pulp chamber, and the energy-saving straw decomposition machine is characterized in that the fixed seat comprises a rack and a circular outer cover supported by the rack, a bearing assembly capable of axially sliding relative to the outer cover is fixed in the outer cover, the bearing assembly is rotationally connected in series and fixed on the main rotating shaft, a power device is externally connected with the bearing assembly, and the power device drives the bearing assembly and the main rotating shaft to synchronously and axially move back and forth, the main rotating shaft drives the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to synchronously and axially move back and forth; the bearing assembly comprises a ring-shaped axial sliding bearing capable of axially sliding relative to the inner surface of the outer cover, a ring-shaped radial rotating bearing coaxial with the axial sliding bearing is connected in a bearing hole of the axial sliding bearing in an inscribed mode, the bearing assembly further comprises a ring-shaped front bearing cover and a ring-shaped rear bearing cover, and the front bearing cover and the rear bearing cover respectively lock the axial sliding bearing and the radial rotating bearing together from two sides; the main rotating shaft sequentially penetrates through the circular ring hole of the rear bearing cover, the bearing hole of the radial rotating bearing and the circular ring hole of the front bearing cover, the main rotating shaft and the radial rotating bearing are fixedly connected in series in a rotating mode, and the radial rotating bearing is driven by the main rotating shaft to synchronously and radially rotate; two groups of bearing assemblies are arranged in the outer cover in a front-back mode and are respectively called a first bearing assembly and a second bearing assembly, the first bearing assembly is externally connected with the power device and can axially slide back and forth, and the second bearing assembly fixedly supports the main rotating shaft; the movable grinding disc is opposite to a fixed grinding disc fixed in the pulp chamber, and the fixed grinding disc and the movable grinding disc are both made of hard and rough non-metal materials with good heat insulation effect; the outer cover is provided with a fracture penetrating through the outer cover, the fracture divides the outer cover into a front section and a rear section which are respectively called as a front outer cover and a rear outer cover, the first bearing assembly is fixed in the front outer cover, and the second bearing assembly is fixed in the rear outer cover; the power device comprises a connecting rear disc fixed at the rear end of the outer surface of the rear outer cover, the connecting rear disc is in a circular ring shape and is coaxial with the rear outer cover, a plurality of groups of power source devices are fixed on the connecting rear disc, a circular ring-shaped connecting disc is fixedly connected to the front end of a power shaft of each power source device, the connecting disc is located at a fracture of the outer cover, the connecting disc is connected to a main rotating shaft at the fracture in series, the connecting disc moves back and forth along the main rotating shaft under the driving of external force, and the moving range is limited to the width of the fracture; the power device further comprises an M8 bolt, one end of the M8 bolt is bolted with the connecting disc, the other end of the M8 bolt is fixedly connected with a rear bearing cover of the first bearing assembly, and the power shaft pushes the connecting disc, the first bearing assembly, the main rotating shaft, the stretchable coupling and the movable grinding disc to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously.

2. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 1, wherein the power source device is one of a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electric motor; the power source devices are 1-8 groups, and a plurality of groups of power source devices are symmetrically arranged on the connecting rear disc; a power shaft of the power source device is bolted with the connecting disc; the pulp chamber is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed seat through a connecting arm.

3. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer cover is made of metal material or hard non-metal material, the outer surface of the front outer cover is fixed with the detection end of an electronic ruler, the telescopic measuring rod of the electronic ruler is fixedly connected with the connecting disc, and the connecting disc drives the telescopic measuring rod to move back and forth in the axial direction synchronously; the detection end of the electronic ruler is electrically connected with a first control end, the first control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software, and the first control end is electrically connected with the power source device.

4. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs according to claim 1, wherein the stretchable coupling comprises a hollow cylindrical rear coupling sleeve, the motor spindle is fixedly sleeved inside one end of the rear coupling sleeve, the stretchable coupling further comprises a hollow cylindrical front coupling sleeve, the other end of the rear coupling sleeve is fixedly sleeved inside one end of the front coupling sleeve, and one end of the main rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved inside the other end of the front coupling sleeve; a plurality of round holes are formed in the joint of the front coupling shaft sleeve and the rear coupling shaft sleeve, the rear coupling shaft sleeve and the front coupling shaft sleeve respectively occupy a semicircle of each round hole, and a cylindrical bolt is inserted into each round hole; an annular bolt blocking disc is arranged along the outer wall of the rear coupling sleeve, and the bolt blocking disc blocks the opening end of the round hole from the outside; the front coupling sleeve, the bolt blocking disc, the rear coupling sleeve and the cylindrical bolt are all made of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

5. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inertia wheel for overcoming the resistance of the grinding discs is also connected in series on the main rotating shaft, the hollow aperture of the inertia wheel is the same as the diameter of the main rotating shaft, and the inertia wheel is connected in series between the outer cover and the stretchable coupling; the brake device is characterized by further comprising a brake oil cylinder fixed on the base, a square brake pad is integrally connected to the front end of a first hydraulic rod of the brake oil cylinder, and the brake pad is pushed by a piston of the brake oil cylinder to abut against the rotating inertia wheel, so that a brake effect is achieved; the first hydraulic rod and the inertia wheel are made of one of metal materials or hard non-metal materials.

6. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the distance between the grinding discs according to claim 1, further comprising a uniform feeding device, wherein the uniform feeding device comprises a feeding auger connected with an auger motor, a discharge hole of the feeding auger is connected with a first feed hole of the pulp chamber, a second feed hole is formed in the upper part of the feeding auger, the second feed hole is connected with a feeding funnel, a plurality of identical thumb wheel blades are arranged in a cylindrical accommodating cavity of the feeding funnel, and the accommodating cavity is divided into a plurality of small material cavities by two adjacent thumb wheel blades; the plurality of thumb wheel blades are vertically arranged and are connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a feeding motor fixed on the upper part of the feeding hopper, and the feeding motor controls the thumb wheel blades to horizontally rotate; the diameter of the feeding funnel is 1-3 meters, a third feeding port of the feeding funnel is used for manually filling straw materials, and the third feeding port and the second feeding port are not oppositely arranged from top to bottom.

7. The energy-saving straw decomposition machine capable of automatically controlling the grinding disc spacing according to claim 6, wherein the feeding motor and the main motor are respectively connected with a second control end, and the second control end is a programmable logic controller with a touch screen or a computer with program software.

8. The automatic control method for the grinding disc spacing of the energy-saving straw decomposition machine according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) taking the optimal distance between the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc obtained in advance through experiments as a calibration value, inputting the calibration value into a programmable logic controller or program software of a computer, and grinding the distance between the two discs stably under the calibration value, so that the grinding force, the temperature and the pressure are appropriate, and the obtained grinding quality is highest;