CN213762144U

CN213762144U - High-effect fresh and wet biomass pulverizer

Info

Publication number: CN213762144U
Application number: CN202022105572.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李军; 吴妙林
Original assignee: Guangzhou Sankuai Iron Machinery Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Sankuai Iron Machinery Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-23
Filing date: 2020-09-23
Publication date: 2021-07-23
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-23

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-effect bright wet biomass grinder, its primary structure includes frame, crushing room, stationary knife system, rotor, feed inlet, discharge gate, direct-connected drive mechanism and motor. The utility model also discloses a be applied to above-mentioned high-effect bright wet biomass grinder's stationary knife system, stationary knife system includes stationary knife, stationary knife rest and stationary knife adjustment mechanism. The utility model also discloses a be applied to high-effect bright wet biomass grinder's coaxial fan, coaxial fan includes a blade axle sleeve and the hollow blade of three wing section. The utility model discloses physical characteristics to various bright wet biomass raw materials has carried out the pertinence design, very big improvement crushing efficiency to make comminuted granularity spread reduce by a wide margin (average particle diameter 0.1-2.5mm), need not sieve the reason, can extensively be applicable to the fine crushing of materials such as various different moisture content's crop straw, tendril, vegetables, various forage grass, traditional chinese medicine residue. Has wide application prospect in the field of agricultural production.

Description

High-effect fresh and wet biomass pulverizer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, especially, relate to a high-effect bright wet biomass grinder.

Background

Since the 21 st century, with the rapid development of Chinese economy, the environmental protection consciousness is rapidly improved, the mode of ecological cycle agricultural production is not developed, the efficient utilization of various agricultural and forestry waste resources, food production byproducts and traditional Chinese medicine production byproducts is more and more highly regarded, various crop straws, vines, cauda, traditional Chinese medicine waste residues, pastures and other renewable biomass raw materials are widely applied to the production of cultured animal feeds and organic fertilizers, the biomass raw materials have higher moisture content, and the cost and the loss are high after drying and then crushing, so the market demands on fresh and wet biomass crushers are extremely vigorous.

Because the biomass raw material has high moisture content and high lignin and cellulose content, the crushing efficiency of the striking action and the friction action is poor, and the crushing purpose is realized mainly by the shearing action. Meanwhile, due to the special physical characteristics of the biomass raw materials, the requirement on the granularity of material crushing cannot be met through sieve pores, and a sieve-free crushing mode can only be adopted. The current common biomass crusher has two main technical defects:

1. most fresh and wet plants are usually ground and then used for animal feeding, when the fresh and wet plants are used for monogastric animals, aquatic animals and poultry, the ground granularity needs to be small and generally needs to be less than 3mm, and the needed ground granularity is difficult to achieve or the granularity distribution range is too large by the existing grinder in the market;

2. the crushing energy consumption is higher, the production cost of fresh and wet biomass raw materials is increased, and the unit production energy consumption of the existing crusher in the market generally reaches 20-50 kwh/ton.

When the existing pulverizer is used for feeding, materials are perpendicular to a rotating shaft of a movable cutter and fall down by means of gravity, namely the materials vertically fall down, then the materials rotate through the movable cutter, and shearing force is formed when the materials are staggered with a fixed cutter to cut the materials. However, such a pulverization method has the following problems: the fixed knife is usually arranged along the circumference of the lower half part of the crushing barrel, the number of arranged fixed knives is limited, so that the formed shearing points are limited, namely the shearing times of falling materials are limited, in addition, the falling tracks of the materials basically fall vertically, and the shearing angle of the materials is basically unchanged during shearing at each time, so that the subsequent shearing and crushing efficiency is lower and lower, therefore, when the existing crusher crushes, a filter sieve is usually arranged, and the materials with insufficient crushing fineness are circularly crushed. However, the biomass material contains a large amount of moisture, so the biomass material cannot be accumulated and sieved, or the biomass material can be adhered together to block the screen. Therefore, the conventional pulverizer cannot be applied to pulverization of biomass, and particularly, pulverization of biomass having relatively small particle size is required.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a high-effect bright wet biomass grinder. The utility model discloses a material is blown along the axial of main shaft by the fan after entering crushing room to through the stationary knife formation spiral wind of turning to the setting, thereby blow the material and rotate along crushing room circumference, material self is rotatory like this, the shearing angle that receives when the shearing point that forms through moving sword and stationary knife changes in real time relatively self, thereby can not appear shearing the problem of smashing the efficiency decay; meanwhile, the material moves along the axial direction of the crushing chamber, so that the shearing frequency of the material passing through is not influenced by the number of the fixed cutters but is determined according to the number of the movable cutters, theoretically, the rotating shaft can extend infinitely along the axial direction, and the number of the rotating shafts which can be arranged in the same volume is far larger than that of the fixed cutters, so that compared with the original crusher, even in the same volume, the shearing point of the material passing through is increased by dozens or even hundreds of times, the effect of circulating dozens of times of the original crusher can be achieved through one-time crushing, and the biomass material can meet the required millimeter-level crushing requirement through one-time crushing.

The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:

a high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass pulverizer comprises a pulverizing chamber, wherein a feed inlet is formed at the top of the pulverizing chamber, and a discharge outlet is formed at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber; a plurality of movable cutter groups are fixed on the main shaft, a fixed cutter system is fixed on the side wall of the crushing chamber along the circumferential direction, the fixed cutter system comprises a plurality of fixed cutters, and the length direction of the fixed cutters spirally extends along the axial direction of the main shaft; and a fan is arranged in a matching feed port.

The further improvement is that the length extension direction of the fixed cutter forms an included angle of 5-8 degrees with the axial direction of the main shaft, and forms an attack angle of 15-45 degrees with the rotation direction of the main shaft in the radial direction; a gap is formed between the fixed knife and the movable knife, and the gap is 2-8 mm;

in a further improvement, the main shaft is arranged in parallel with the ground; the fan is a coaxial fan arranged on the main shaft; the discharge port is horizontally opened along the tangential direction of the bottom of the lower half cylinder of the crushing chamber.

In a further improvement, the fixed cutter forms an attack angle of 30 degrees with the rotation direction of the main shaft in the radial direction; the number of the fixed knives is 5-8.

The improved structure is characterized in that the movable cutter groups are 4-8 groups, each group of movable cutter groups comprises 10-90 movable blades, and the movable blades of two adjacent groups of movable cutter groups are staggered in the axial direction; the linear speed of the movable cutter group is 87-93 m/s.

In a further improvement, the rotating device is a motor, and the motor is connected with the main shaft through a coupling.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

the utility model finds the common characteristics of various fresh and wet biomass raw material varieties based on the deep research on the physical characteristics of a large amount of fresh and wet biomass raw material varieties, has high fiber content and good toughness, and is not easy to be broken by striking and friction; the moisture content is high, the fiber tube bundle is easy to be tangled, and the granularity control can not be realized through screening classification; the physical properties of different fresh and wet biomass raw materials are greatly differentiated. Based on the above-mentioned research conclusion, the utility model discloses confirm to use high-speed shearing to mainly smash the technical scheme who acts on the mode as the main to pertinence design has been carried out in the detail, has produced multiple beneficial effect:

1. the design of crushing room stationary knife system has effectually solved the circulation layer problem that influences crushing efficiency on the one hand, has still increased more shear points simultaneously, very big improvement crushing efficiency, showing and reducing crushing energy consumption.

2. The design that the included angle between the fixed cutter and the axial direction is 5-8 degrees enables the crushed materials to form a cutting effect rather than a chopping effect when passing through the cutting edge of the fixed cutter, and meanwhile, the crushed materials are beneficial to timely emptying of the materials under the cutting edge, the cutting effect is prevented from being reduced due to the accumulation of the materials under the cutting edge, and the crushing efficiency is further improved.

3. The matching of the movable cutters and the fixed cutters, the regular staggered arrangement of the movable cutters and the like form densely distributed shearing points on the running route of the material, so that the material is subjected to sufficient and uniform shearing action, the crushed particle size of the material is uniform, the range of particle size distribution (the average particle size is 0.1-2.5mm) is small, and the subsequent process requirements can be met without screening.

4. The design of the fixed knife adjusting mechanism can ensure that a user can obtain the required crushing granularity by adjusting the gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife on the one hand, and simultaneously, the fixed knife can be repeatedly used by edging again, thereby reducing the replacement cost of quick-wear parts of the user of the crusher.

5. The linear velocity of the moving blade is designed to be 87-93m/s, so that the high-strength shearing capability is realized, and the power consumption is not greatly increased due to the increase of the linear velocity.

6. The fan blade of removable different specifications has further ensured that the user experiences the use of different raw materials varieties and corresponding crushing granularity.

7. The wing type hollow blade has good aerodynamic characteristics, and effectively overcomes the defects that the straight-plate type blade is subjected to high-frequency trembling due to air turbulence, so that metal fatigue damage is caused and the straight-plate type blade is easy to break.

8. The application range is wide, and the fine grinding machine can be widely applied to fine grinding of crop straws, vines, vegetables, various pastures, traditional Chinese medicine residues and other materials with different water contents. Has wide application prospect in the industries of biological feed, animal breeding, biomass fuel, organic fertilizer production and the like.

9. The design has important significance for the crushing efficiency of the plant-derived biomass raw material with higher toughness and higher fiber content, and the beveling efficiency is much higher than the chopping efficiency, for example, the cutting is faster and more labor-saving than the chopping by cutting hemp ropes with a knife;

10. 5-8 obliquely-installed fixed cutters jointly form a spiral cavity wall, and the spiral cavity wall is similar to a rifling of a gun barrel to promote the crushed materials to move spirally in the crushing chamber, so that the movable cutter group synchronously obtains a beveling angle, and the crushing energy efficiency of the movable cutter is improved;

10. the formation of the circulation layer in the crushing process is an important factor for reducing the crushing efficiency, the design of the fixed cutter system directly inhibits the formation of the circulation layer, the thickness of the circulation layer is reduced, and the crushing efficiency of the whole system is improved.

11. The cutting edge of the fixed knife forms an attack angle of 15-45 degrees with the rotation direction of the rotor in the radial direction, so that the crushed materials can directly face the cutting edge of the fixed knife and can be rapidly cut, and the crushed materials can only be impacted or rubbed at any angle. Impact or friction is effective when crushing hard materials, but is extremely inefficient for soft cellulosic materials.

12. The fixed knife adjusting mechanism can enable the gap between the fixed knife and the movable knife to be adjustable within the range of 2-8mm, the smaller the gap is, the smaller the crushing granularity is, and the higher the crushing energy efficiency is, but the abrasion between the movable knife and the fixed knife is also aggravated, and a crusher user can adjust the gap by himself according to the requirements of own process indexes. Meanwhile, the fixed cutter adjusting mechanism is arranged, so that the fixed cutter can be repeatedly used after being sharpened after being worn, and the replacement cost of accessories of a user is reduced.

13. The fixed cutter and the movable cutter form multiple shearing angles and also form multiple shearing angles together, the movable cutter is designed to be a cutter head with a bend, and the cutting edge of the movable cutter is also designed to be zigzag, so that more shearing angles can be obtained, and crushed materials are repeatedly sheared and crushed in the motion process of the crushing chamber until the required granularity is reached and then are discharged out of the machine.

Drawings

The present invention is further explained by using the attached drawings, but the content in the attached drawings does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure of a rotor;

FIG. 3 is a schematic axial structure diagram of the stationary knife system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the radial structure of the stationary knife system

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a coaxial fan structure.

In the figure: 1. a machine base; 2. a discharge port; 3. a stationary knife system; 4. a bending part; 5. a crushing chamber; 6. a feed hopper; 7. a coupling; 8. an electric motor; 9. a main shaft; 10. a coaxial fan; 11. a movable cutter group; 12. a supporting seat; 13. adjusting the screw rod; 14. a fixed cutter seat; 15. a tool rest plate; 16. fixing a cutter; 17. a vane shaft sleeve; 18. a wing-type hollow blade; 19. a nut; 20. a circular plate; 21. and (4) installing a shaft.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1-5, the main structure of the high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass pulverizer comprises a base, a pulverizing chamber, a fixed knife adjusting mechanism, a rotor, a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a direct-coupled transmission mechanism and a motor. The crushing chamber is a cylindrical crushing cavity formed by an upper half cylinder and a lower half cylinder, wherein the lower half cylinder is provided with a fixed knife system, the fixed knife system comprises a fixed knife, a fixed knife rest and a fixed knife adjusting mechanism, the fixed knife is 5-8 according to the size of the high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass crusher, the half cylinders at the lower half part of the crushing chamber are uniformly distributed along the radial direction, form an included angle of 5-8 degrees with the axial direction and form an attack angle of 15-45 degrees with the rotating direction of a rotor in the radial direction. The rotor consists of a movable cutter set and a coaxial fan, wherein the movable cutter set consists of 4-8 groups of 80-360 movable cutters in different models, and the distance between two adjacent groups of the movable cutters is staggered along the axial direction. The linear speed of the moving blade is set to 87-93m/s, the rotor is connected with the motor through the direct-connected transmission mechanism to obtain stable rotating speed and linear speed, and the working diameter of the rotor is closely related to the rotating speed of the motor. The coaxial fan blade is fixed at one end of the main shaft through the blade shaft sleeve and the fastening bolt, and different types of blades can be replaced according to the physical properties of the crushed materials. The working clearance between the movable knife and the fixed knife can be adjusted between 2 mm and 8mm through the fixed knife adjusting mechanism. One end of the top of the crushing chamber is provided with a feed inlet, one side of the bottom of the crushing chamber is provided with a discharge outlet along the forward direction of the rotation direction of the rotor, and the bottom of the discharge outlet is horizontally opened along the tangential direction of the bottom of the lower half cylinder.

Fresh and wet biomass raw materials enter a crushing cavity from a feed port at the top of the crusher through a feeding device (additionally prepared according to a production process), spirally move to a discharge port along the upper and lower semi-cylindrical walls under the dual actions of centrifugal force and air flow, repeatedly carry out high-speed shearing and friction crushing on a shearing point formed by a driven knife and a fixed knife in the moving process, and finally are blown out of the crusher through the discharge port by the air flow.

The rotor consists of a movable cutter group and a coaxial fan.

The fixed cutter is a rectangular blade made of wear-resistant alloy materials, a cutting edge is formed on one side of the fixed cutter, and the fixed cutter can be repeatedly used after being polished after being worn.

The fixed cutter frame is fixed on the outer wall of the semi-cylinder at the lower half part of the crushing chamber and is used for supporting the fixed cutter and installing the fixed cutter adjusting mechanism.

The fixed cutter adjusting mechanism consists of a supporting seat, an adjusting screw rod and a cutter seat, and the working gap between the fixed cutter and the movable cutter can be freely adjusted within the range of 2-8mm by rotating the adjusting screw rod so as to obtain the required crushing granularity. The fixed knife can be repeatedly used for many times through the adjusting function of the fixed knife adjusting mechanism, so that the service life of the fixed knife is prolonged.

The main shaft 9 is connected with a plurality of mounting shafts 21 positioned at the periphery of the main shaft 9 through a circular plate 20, and a movable cutter group 11 is fixed on the mounting shafts.

Example 1

A high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass pulverizer mainly structurally comprises a machine base, a pulverizing chamber, a fixed cutter adjusting mechanism, a rotor, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a direct-connection transmission mechanism and a motor.

The working diameter of the rotor is 600mm, the effective crushing length is 600mm, the rotor consists of a movable cutter set and a coaxial fan, wherein the movable cutter set consists of 4 groups of 100 movable cutters in total, and the distance between two adjacent groups of movable cutters is staggered along the axial direction. A Y series 37kw two-stage motor is used, and the linear speed of the movable cutter group is 92 m/s.

The crushing chamber is a cylindrical crushing cavity formed by an upper half cylinder and a lower half cylinder, wherein the lower half cylinder is provided with a fixed knife system, the fixed knife system comprises 5 fixed knives, a fixed knife rest and a fixed knife adjusting mechanism, the fixed knives are uniformly distributed on the lower half cylinder of the crushing chamber along the radial direction, an included angle of 5 degrees is formed between the fixed knives and the axial direction, and an attack angle of 30 degrees is formed between the fixed knives and the rotation direction of a rotor in the radial direction. The working clearance between the movable knife and the fixed knife can be adjusted between 2 mm and 8mm through the fixed knife adjusting mechanism.

The rotor is connected with the motor through a direct connection transmission mechanism to obtain stable rotating speed and linear speed. The coaxial fan blade is fixed at one end of the main shaft through the blade shaft sleeve and the fastening bolt, and different types of blades can be replaced according to physical properties of crushed materials to obtain corresponding air volume and air speed. One end of the top of the crushing chamber is provided with a feed inlet, one side of the bottom of the crushing chamber is provided with a discharge outlet along the forward direction of the rotation direction of the rotor, and the bottom of the discharge outlet is horizontally opened along the tangential direction of the bottom of the lower half cylinder.

Fresh and wet biomass raw materials enter the crushing cavity from a feed inlet at the top of the crusher through feeding equipment, move spirally to a discharge port along the upper and lower semi-cylindrical walls under the dual actions of centrifugal force and air flow, repeatedly shear at high speed and rub and crush at a shearing point formed by the driven knife and the fixed knife in the moving process, and finally are blown out of the crusher through the discharge port by the air flow.

The test of trial production of the fresh ramie crushed by a prototype shows that the unit yield is 3.2 tons/hour, and the average crushed particle size is 0.1-2.5 mm.

Example 2

The working diameter of the rotor is 1190mm, the effective crushing length is 800mm, the rotor consists of a movable knife group and a coaxial fan, wherein the movable knife group consists of 8 groups of 280 movable knives in total, and the distance between two adjacent groups of the movable knives is staggered along the axial direction. A Y series 75kw four-stage motor is used, and the linear speed of the movable cutter group is 92 m/s.

The crushing chamber is a cylindrical crushing cavity formed by an upper half cylinder and a lower half cylinder, wherein the lower half cylinder is provided with a fixed knife system, the fixed knife system comprises 8 fixed knives, a fixed knife rest and a fixed knife adjusting mechanism, the fixed knives are uniformly distributed on the lower half cylinder of the crushing chamber along the radial direction, an included angle of 5 degrees is formed between the fixed knives and the axial direction, and an attack angle of 30 degrees is formed between the fixed knives and the rotation direction of a rotor in the radial direction. The working clearance between the movable knife and the fixed knife can be adjusted between 2 mm and 8mm through the fixed knife adjusting mechanism.

The test of trial production of the fresh-harvested hybrid paper mulberry after sample machine crushing shows that the unit yield is 13.6 tons/hour, and the average crushed particle size is 0.1-2.5 mm.

It should be finally noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass pulverizer comprises a pulverizing chamber (5), wherein a feed inlet (6) is formed at the top of the pulverizing chamber (5), and a discharge outlet (2) is formed at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber (5), and is characterized in that a main shaft (9) is arranged along the axial direction of the pulverizing chamber (5), and the main shaft (9) is connected with a rotating device; a plurality of movable cutter groups (11) are fixed on the main shaft (9), a fixed cutter system is fixed on the side wall of the crushing chamber (5) along the circumferential direction, the fixed cutter system comprises a plurality of fixed cutters (17), and the length direction of the fixed cutters (17) extends spirally along the axial direction of the main shaft (9); a fan is arranged on the matching feed inlet (6).

2. The high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass crusher as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length extension direction of the fixed knife (17) forms an angle of 5-8 degrees with the axial direction of the main shaft (9) and forms an attack angle of 15-45 degrees with the rotation direction of the main shaft (9) in the radial direction; a gap is formed between the fixed knife (17) and the movable knife set (11), and the gap is 2-8 mm.

3. The high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass mill as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the main shaft (9) is arranged parallel to the ground; the fan is a coaxial fan (10) arranged on the main shaft (9); the discharge port (2) is horizontally opened along the tangential direction of the bottom of the lower half cylinder of the crushing chamber (5).

4. The high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass mill as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the stationary knife (17) is radially oriented at an angle of attack of 30 ° to the direction of rotation of the main shaft (9); the number of the fixed knives (17) is 5-8.

5. The high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass grinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the movable knife groups (11) is 4-8, each movable knife group (11) comprises 10-90 movable blades, and the movable blades of two adjacent groups of the movable knife groups (11) are staggered axially; the linear speed of the movable cutter set (11) is 87-93 m/s.

6. The high-efficiency fresh and wet biomass mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating means is an electric motor (8), the electric motor (8) being connected to the main shaft (9) by means of a coupling (7).