CN111705180A - 一种出钢口填料及填充方法 - Google Patents

一种出钢口填料及填充方法 Download PDF

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CN111705180A
CN111705180A CN202010617378.1A CN202010617378A CN111705180A CN 111705180 A CN111705180 A CN 111705180A CN 202010617378 A CN202010617378 A CN 202010617378A CN 111705180 A CN111705180 A CN 111705180A
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steel
hole filler
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周旺枝
张洪雷
刘黎
刘孟
邹龙
徐国涛
刘婳
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种出钢口填料及填充方法,所述出钢口填料,由上下两层构成,上层原料为石英砂、烧结镁砂,镁橄榄石砂,镁硅砂,废镁砖,辅料为增碳剂和助烧剂;下层为白云石砂;使用时,按配比、粒度级配称取上层原料,先将主要原料在混料机中混合15~30min后,然后向混料机中加入辅料,继续混合20~30min后进行装包或施工使用。本发明所述出钢口填料及填充方法克服了现有出钢口填料流动性差、自开率低、难烧结等局限性,满足出钢工艺要求。

Description

一种出钢口填料及填充方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种出钢口填料,属于工业窑炉用耐火材料领域。
背景技术
出钢口填料是冶金窑炉中钢水冶炼用耐火材料的关键品种之一,其自开率对确保正常冶炼周期至关重要。一方面,它必须具备合适的烧结性能,以便形成烧结层,使其既防止高温钢水向出钢口下部渗漏,又防止填料上浮造成事故;另一方面,要求它形成的烧结层厚度适中,以便在出钢口下部挡板打开时,填料在自重力作用下下落,烧结层在钢水静压力及吸入冷空气后热应力的作用下碎裂、破壳,形成自流。但是,目前市面上的出钢口填料存在流动性差且自开率低等问题,对钢水冶炼产生影响。专利CN201110363848.7主要以镁橄榄石砂、镁钙砂、镁硅砂为主要原料,加入硼酸复合烧结剂生产而成,具有钢水不渗透,耐火度高等特点,但是不能保证开浇率。专利CN201910456778.6以石英砂、橄榄石、镁砂、铬铁矿为主要原料,通过不同原料之间的组合,添加不同的复合烧结剂和还原剂可制成3种不同的EBT出钢口填料,其自开率均可达96%以上,其中含铬铁矿的EBT出钢口填料自开率更高,可达98%以上。但是该发明的原料中采用了铬铁矿,铬铁矿中的铬不利于环保。所以研发一种具备合适烧结性能、流动性好,环保且自开率高等性能的出钢口填料非常重要。
发明内容
基于以上现有技术的不足,本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种处理效果好的出钢口填料及填充方法,该出钢口填料及填充方法克服了现有出钢口填料流动性差、自开率低、难烧结等局限性,满足出钢工艺要求。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种出钢口填料,所述出钢口填料,由上下两层构成,上层原料为石英砂、烧结镁砂,镁橄榄石砂,镁硅砂,废镁砖,辅料为增碳剂和助烧剂;下层为白云石砂。
作为上述技术方案的优选,本发明提供的出钢口填料进一步包括下列技术特征的部分或全部:
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述上层原料按质量百分比计包括:石英砂25~45%,烧结镁砂30~60%,镁橄榄石砂:10~35%,镁硅砂:5~20%,废镁砖:1~20%,增碳剂:0~2%,助烧剂1~12%。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述增碳剂选自石墨粉、焦粉或沥青粉中的一种或几种按任意比例的混合物。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述助烧剂为硼酸、铁矿粉和膨润土中的一种或几种按比例混合;优选地,所述助烧剂按质量百分比计包括:硼酸0.5~25%,膨润土3~30%,铁矿粉40~80%。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述石英砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 50~70%,0~0.5mm 1-5%,0.5~1mm 25~45%;烧结镁砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 55~75%;0.074~1mm 20~40%;0~0.074mm5~15%;镁橄榄石砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~4mm 51~73%;0.074~1mm 18~37%;0~0.074mm 3~16%。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述废镁砖经过拣选,除去杂质,并按粒度要求进行粉碎;废镁砖的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 50~75%,0~1mm25~55%;镁硅砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 49~74%,0~1mm25~50%;所述助烧剂的粒度小于0.074mm;增碳剂的粒度小于0.074mm。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述白云石砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 48~74%;0.5~1mm 15~62%。
作为上述技术方案的改进,出钢口填料下层填料占总填料体积的1/5~1/3。
如上任一所述的出钢口填料上层原料的制备方法,包含如下步骤:按配比、粒度级配称取上层原料,先将主要原料在混料机中混合15~30min后,然后向混料机中加入辅料,继续混合20~30min后进行装包或施工使用。
如上任一所述的出钢口填料的填充方法,包含如下步骤:在电炉出钢口的底部先填入出钢口容积1/3~1/5白云石砂,然后在白云石砂上面填入上层填料填满整个出钢口。
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术方案具有如下有益效果:(1)本发明通过主要原料和辅料的复配来提高填料的流动性、烧结性和开浇率,克服了现有出钢口填料流动性差、上层难烧结、自开率低等局限性,满足出钢的工艺要求,且成本低。
(2)本发明主要原料中的石英砂,镁砂和镁橄榄石砂等都有高的耐火度,耐钢水侵蚀性,而助烧剂中的硼酸、铁矿粉中铁化合物易与烧结剂迅速反应,体积膨胀,形成薄的多孔烧结层,在钢水压力下易开浇;同时增碳剂有利于提高填料颗粒间的滑润性和导热性。
(3)本发明分两层填料,上层填料耐火度高、具有合适的烧结性,形成的烧结层厚度适中,下层的白云石砂作为填料的一部分,出钢后化为炉渣,实现了双重作用。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下结合优选实施例,详细说明如下。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明本发明的具体实施方式,其作为本说明书的一部分,通过实施例来说明本发明的原理,本发明的其他方面、特征及其优点通过该详细说明将会变得一目了然。
实施例1
出钢口填料及其填充方法,具体如下:
上层出钢口填料:按质量百分比计包括:石英砂26%,烧结镁砂48%,废镁砖24.25%,增碳剂石墨粉0.45%,助烧剂1.3%;所述助烧剂按质量份数计包括:硼酸0.2份,膨润土0.1份,铁矿粉1份。
各原料的粒度级配按质量百分比计为:石英砂1~3mm 70%,0~0.5mm 2%,0.5~1mm 28%;烧结镁砂1~3mm 62%,0.074~1mm 35%,0~0.074mm 3%;镁橄榄石砂1~4mm51%,0.074~1mm 42%,0~0.074mm 7%;镁硅砂1~3mm 49%,0~1mm 51%;废镁砖1~3mm 71%,0~1mm 29%。
助烧剂和增碳剂粒度均小于0.074mm;
下层出钢口填料:白云石砂。
粒度级配按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 53%,0.5~1mm 47%;
填充时,从下往上,依次填充下层出钢口填料、上层出钢口填料。上层出钢口填料占总填料口体积的1/5。
采用该出钢口填料及填充方法,在电炉出钢时,填料表层迅速烧结,而底层烧结慢,形成适度的多孔烧结层,在钢水压力下自动开浇,开浇率达到97%。
实施例2
出钢口填料及其填充方法,具体如下:
上层出钢口填料:按质量百分比计包括:石英砂8%,烧结镁砂37%,废镁砖23.35%,增碳剂石墨粉0.5%,助烧剂1.15%;所述助烧剂按质量份数计包括:硼酸0.08份,硅微粉0.07份,铁矿粉1份。
各原料的粒度级配按质量百分比计为:石英砂1~3mm 60%,0~0.5mm 5%,0.5~1mm 35%;烧结镁砂1~3mm 55%,0.074~1mm 40%,0~0.074mm 5%;镁橄榄石砂1~4mm63%,0.074~1mm 27%,0~0.074mm 10%。镁硅砂1~3mm 68%,0~1mm 32%。废镁砖1~3mm 62%,0~1mm 37%。
助烧剂和增碳剂粒度均小于0.074mm;
下层出钢口填料:白云石砂。
粒度级配按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 68%,0.5~1mm 32%;
填充时,从下往上,依次填充下层出钢口填料、上层出钢口填料。上层出钢口填料占总填料口体积的1/4。
采用该出钢口填料及填充方法,在电炉出钢时,填料表层迅速烧结,而底层烧结慢,形成适度的多孔烧结层,在钢水压力下自动开浇,开浇率达到99%。
本发明所列举的各原料,以及本发明各原料的上下限、区间取值,以及工艺参数(如温度、时间等)的上下限、区间取值都能实现本发明,在此不一一列举实施例。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变动,这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述出钢口填料,由上下两层构成,上层原料为石英砂、烧结镁砂,镁橄榄石砂,镁硅砂,废镁砖,辅料为增碳剂和助烧剂;下层为白云石砂。
2.如权利要求1所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述上层原料按质量百分比计包括:石英砂25~45%,烧结镁砂30~60%,镁橄榄石砂:10~35%,镁硅砂:5~20%,废镁砖:1~20%,增碳剂:0~2%,助烧剂1~12%。
3.如权利要求2所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述增碳剂选自石墨粉、焦粉或沥青粉中的一种或几种按任意比例的混合物。
4.如权利要求2所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述助烧剂为硼酸、铁矿粉和膨润土中的一种或几种按比例混合;优选地,所述助烧剂按质量百分比计包括:硼酸0.5~25%,膨润土3~30%,铁矿粉40~80%。
5.如权利要求2所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述石英砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 50~70%,0~0.5mm 1-5%,0.5~1mm 25~45%;烧结镁砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 55~75%;0.074~1mm 20~40%;0~0.074mm 5~15%;镁橄榄石砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~4mm 51~73%;0.074~1mm 18~37%;0~0.074mm 3~16%。
6.如权利要求2所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述废镁砖经过拣选,除去杂质,并按粒度要求进行粉碎;废镁砖的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 50~75%,0~1mm25~55%;镁硅砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 49~74%,0~1mm 25~50%;所述助烧剂的粒度小于0.074mm;增碳剂的粒度小于0.074mm。
7.如权利要求2所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:所述白云石砂的粒度级配组成按质量百分比计为:1~3mm 48~74%;0.5~1mm 15~62%。
8.如权利要求1所述的出钢口填料,其特征在于:出钢口填料下层填料占总填料体积的1/5~1/3。
9.如权利要求1-8任一所述的出钢口填料上层原料的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:按配比、粒度级配称取上层原料,先将主要原料在混料机中混合15~30min后,然后向混料机中加入辅料,继续混合20~30min后进行装包或施工使用。
10.如权利要求1-8任一所述的出钢口填料的填充方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:在电炉出钢口的底部先填入出钢口容积1/3~1/5白云石砂,然后在白云石砂上面填入上层填料填满整个出钢口。
CN202010617378.1A 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 一种出钢口填料及填充方法 Pending CN111705180A (zh)

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CN1107820A (zh) * 1994-12-01 1995-09-06 牟跃荣 超高功率电炉偏心底出钢口新型填充料
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CN106242600A (zh) * 2016-08-09 2016-12-21 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 一种出钢口填料及其填充方法
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CN1088191A (zh) * 1992-12-12 1994-06-22 冶金工业部洛阳耐火材料研究院 一种电炉出钢口填充料的制造方法
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CN108424126A (zh) * 2018-05-22 2018-08-21 武汉钢铁有限公司 转炉修补料及制备方法

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