CN111689823A - Micro-smoke lead formula and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Micro-smoke lead formula and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111689823A CN111689823A CN202010547615.1A CN202010547615A CN111689823A CN 111689823 A CN111689823 A CN 111689823A CN 202010547615 A CN202010547615 A CN 202010547615A CN 111689823 A CN111689823 A CN 111689823A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
- C06B33/14—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds at least one being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
- C06C5/08—Devices for the manufacture of fuses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A micro-smoke lead formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20 to 80 percent of smokeless powder, 10 to 40 percent of oxidant, 0 to 40 percent of metal powder and 0 to 40 percent of inorganic salt, wherein all the percentages are mass percent. The preparation process of the lead comprises the following steps: preparing a micro-smoke lead, dissolving a lead medicament in an organic solvent, feeding, forming and airing the lead. Compared with the prior art, the smokeless powder based on the nitrocellulose is used for replacing black powder in the lead formula, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, or single-double base powder in the lead formula is replaced, and the problems of uncontrollable performance and limited supply quantity of the single-double base powder are solved. Meanwhile, the formula of the lead consists of smokeless powder, oxidant, metal powder and inorganic salt, so that smoke generated by combustion is reduced to the maximum extent. In addition, the preparation process for producing the lead by the wet mixing method provided by the invention not only meets the characteristic requirement of lead combustion, but also solves a plurality of defects of lead production by the dry mixing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fireworks and crackers, in particular to a micro-smoke lead formula and a preparation process thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness of people, various smokeless and smokeless firework products are gradually popular in the market, but most firework manufacturers pay more attention to the propellant powder and the bud breaking powder of fireworks at present, and the propellant powder and the bud breaking powder are considered as main substances for generating pollutants after the fireworks are set off, and the pollutants generated by the combustion of leads in the fireworks are ignored. Particularly, after main pollution sources such as propellant powder, explosive and the like in fireworks are replaced by environment-friendly micro-smoke or smokeless products, the problem of smoke pollution generated after the lead is burnt is more prominent.
In order to solve the problem of pollution of the lead, the patent with the publication number of CN102219623B discloses a smokeless and quick lead agent for fireworks and crackers, which comprises an amine perchlorate salt eutectic compound, carbon powder, metal powder and an adhesive. The smoke concentration generated after the combustion of the medicament in the patent is reduced by more than 90 percent compared with the traditional lead medicament adopting black powder, but the defect in the patent is that a certain amount of pollutants can still be generated after the combustion of the adhesive in the patent.
In contrast, the firework firecracker micro-smoke lead designed in the patent with the publication number of CN101481286A is composed of moisture-proof ammonium perchlorate, single-double-base powder, metal powder, perlite powder and carbon powder, and does not need an adhesive, so that the content of pollutants generated after the lead is burnt is further reduced. However, the lead wire is not ignitable due to uncertain chemical properties of the mono-and di-based powders, and the price thereof is liable to fluctuate due to limited supply of the mono-and di-based powders. In addition, the above patents all adopt the traditional dry mixing method to produce the lead, i.e. the medicament of the lead is uniformly mixed in the dry environment, then the mixture is distributed on lead paper by a feeding device and is coiled into a line shape, and finally the crude lead is manually pulped, solidified and shaped and dried to obtain the finished lead. This conventional dry blending method for producing wire has numerous drawbacks: the method has high requirements on material stirring and high operation difficulty; the inflammable gunpowder has large ash emission and high danger, and causes harm to the health of workers; the single feeding amount is small, and the feeding operation is frequent, so that the efficiency is low; the lead is easy to drop slag and has large looseness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a micro-smoke lead formula capable of solving the defects of the traditional lead formula and the preparation process and a preparation process thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a micro-smoke lead formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
20 to 80 percent of smokeless powder,
10 to 40 percent of oxidant,
0 to 40 percent of metal powder,
0 to 40 percent of inorganic salt,
all percentages are mass percentages.
Preferably, the smokeless powder is a compound formed by nitric acid esterification of plant fibers, and comprises nitrocellulose and nitrocotton, wherein the compound is formed by C6H10O5、C6H9(NO2)O5、C6H8(NO2)2O5、C6H7(NO2)3O5The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing ratio of the four basic rings.
Preferably, the oxidizer includes ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate.
Preferably, the metal powder comprises one or more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium and nickel in any proportion.
Preferably, the inorganic salt comprises one or a mixture of any more of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and copper sulfate in any proportion, and also comprises an oxide of the inorganic salt, including silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and copper oxide.
Preferably, the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the micro-smoke lead: mixing 20-80% of smokeless powder, 10-40% of oxidant, 0-40% of metal powder and 0-40% of inorganic salt according to a certain proportion, sieving, and removing oversize particles;
(2) dissolving the uniformly mixed lead wire medicament in an organic solvent;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire to be dried, which is manufactured by the lead wire machine, in a naturally cool and ventilated place to be dried, and drying to obtain the finished lead wire.
Preferably, the organic solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl ether, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
Compared with the prior art, the micro-smoke lead formula and the preparation process thereof have the beneficial effects that: the smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose is used for replacing black powder in a lead formula, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, or single-double base powder in the lead formula is replaced, and the problems of uncontrollable performance and limited supply amount of the single-double base powder are solved. Meanwhile, the formula of the lead consists of smokeless powder, oxidant, metal powder and inorganic salt, so that smoke generated by combustion is reduced to the maximum extent. In addition, the preparation process for producing the lead by the wet mixing method provided by the invention not only meets the characteristic requirement of lead combustion, but also solves various defects of the lead produced by the dry mixing method, namely, the requirement on material stirring is low, the operation is simple, no gunpowder is blown out during the operation process, the safety of the preparation process is ensured, and the safety of workers is not damaged; the operation frequency is simplified, and the prepared lead has small looseness and is not easy to drop slag.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
A micro-smoke lead formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20 to 80 percent of smokeless powder, 10 to 40 percent of oxidant, 0 to 40 percent of metal powder and 0 to 40 percent of inorganic salt, wherein all the percentages are mass percent.
Wherein the smokeless powder is mainly a compound such as nitrocellulose and nitrocotton formed by nitric acid esterification of plant fiber, and the compound is C6H10O5、C6H9(NO2)O5、C6H8(NO2)2O5、C6H7(NO2)3O5The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing proportion of the four basic rings, and the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose actually used in the micro-smoke lead is 11.0-12.5%.
The oxidant is used to provide oxygen to the combustion process, and the oxidant used in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following: ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate and the like. Wherein, the ammonium perchlorate produces the least solid particles after burning, so the ammonium perchlorate is most advocated.
The metal powder and the oxidant generate oxidation-reduction reaction, so that the ignition can be smoother, and the ignition is controlled during the combustion of the lead, so that the lead is more uniform and stable, and the required lead combustion speed is reached. Specifically, the metal powders employed in the present invention include, but are not limited to: one or more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium and nickel in any proportion.
The inorganic salt plays a role in adjusting the combustion speed, increases the safety of the lead wire and prevents the generation of redundant flame. Useful inorganic salts include, but are not limited to, the following: one or a mixture of any more of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and copper sulfate in any proportion. Oxides of some of these inorganic salts may also function as inorganic salts, such as silica, alumina, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, and the like.
The preparation process of the micro-smoke lead comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the micro-smoke lead: mixing 20-80% of smokeless powder, 10-40% of oxidant, 0-40% of metal powder and 0-40% of inorganic salt according to a certain proportion, sieving, and removing oversize particles;
(2) dissolving the uniformly mixed lead wire medicament in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent can be one of the following or several of the following in a cross combination way, and the organic solvent comprises methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire to be dried, which is manufactured by the lead wire machine, in a naturally cool and ventilated place to be dried, and drying to obtain the finished lead wire.
Specific examples are further listed below:
example one
The preparation process of the quick lead comprises the following steps:
(1) 60 percent of 100-mesh (the average nitrogen content is 12.5 percent), 20 percent of ammonium perchlorate and 20 percent of 120-mesh titanium powder are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and then sieved, and the oversize particles are removed;
(2) dissolving the uniformly mixed lead medicament in ethanol and diethyl ether in a ratio of 1: 1 mixing the solution. Mixing every 100g of the lead agent with 15-20 ml of solvent;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner, and controlling the thickness of the sprayed semifluid to be about 0.2 mm;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire manufactured by the lead wire machine in a natural shade and cool ventilation place for airing to manufacture a finished product lead wire.
Example two
The preparation process of the medium-speed lead wire comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing 50 percent of 100-mesh (the average nitrogen content is 11.8 percent) nitrocellulose, 25 percent of ammonium perchlorate, 20 percent of 100-mesh titanium powder and 5 percent of 100-mesh copper oxide, sieving, and removing oversize particles;
(2) and dissolving the uniformly mixed lead agent in acetone. Mixing each 100g of the lead with 15 to 20 ml of acetone;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner, and controlling the thickness of the sprayed semifluid to be about 0.2 mm;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire manufactured by the lead wire machine in a natural shade and cool ventilation place for airing to manufacture a finished product lead wire.
EXAMPLE III
The preparation process of the slow lead comprises the following steps:
(1) 50 percent of 100-mesh (the average nitrogen content is 11.0 percent) nitrocellulose, 30 percent of ammonium perchlorate, 15 percent of 80-mesh titanium powder and 5 percent of 100-mesh calcium carbonate are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and then are sieved, and the oversize particles are removed;
(2) dissolving the uniformly mixed lead medicament in ethanol and diethyl ether in a ratio of 1: 1 mixing the solution. Mixing the medicine with 15-20 ml of solvent for every 100g of lead;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner, and controlling the thickness of the sprayed semifluid to be about 0.2 mm;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire manufactured by the lead wire machine in a natural shade and cool ventilation place for airing to manufacture a finished product lead wire.
Compared with the prior art, the micro-smoke lead formula and the preparation process thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that black powder in the lead formula is replaced by smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose, so that the problem of environmental pollution is solved, or single-base powder and double-base powder in the lead formula are replaced, and the problems of uncontrollable performance and limited supply quantity of the single-base powder and the double-base powder are solved. Meanwhile, the formula of the lead consists of smokeless powder, oxidant, metal powder and inorganic salt, so that smoke generated by combustion is reduced to the maximum extent. In addition, the preparation process for producing the lead by the wet mixing method provided by the invention not only meets the characteristic requirement of lead combustion, but also solves various defects of the lead produced by the dry mixing method, namely, the requirement on material stirring is low, the operation is simple, no gunpowder is blown out during the operation process, the safety of the preparation process is ensured, and the safety of workers is not damaged; the operation frequency is simplified, and the prepared lead has small looseness and is not easy to drop slag.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and not limitative thereof; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The micro-smoke lead formula is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
20 to 80 percent of smokeless powder,
10 to 40 percent of oxidant,
0 to 40 percent of metal powder,
0 to 40 percent of inorganic salt,
all percentages are mass percentages.
2. The micro-smoke lead formulation according to claim 1, wherein said smokeless powder is a compound formed by nitrating vegetable fibers, including nitrocellulose and nitrocellulose, said compound being formed by C6H10O5、C6H9(NO2)O5、C6H8(NO2)2O5、C6H7(NO2)3O5The nitrogen content of the macromolecule formed by mixing the four basic rings depends on the mixing ratio of the four basic rings.
3. The micro smoke lead formulation of claim 1, wherein the oxidizer comprises ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and potassium chlorate.
4. The micro smoke lead formulation of claim 1, wherein the metal powder comprises a mixture of one or more of titanium, iron, zirconium, aluminum, chromium, and nickel in any proportion.
5. The micro smoke lead formulation of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt comprises one or a mixture of any number of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate in any proportion, and further comprises an oxide of the inorganic salt, including silica, alumina, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and copper oxide.
6. The process for preparing a micro-smoke lead according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of:
(1) preparation of the micro-smoke lead: mixing 20-80% of smokeless powder, 10-40% of oxidant, 0-40% of metal powder and 0-40% of inorganic salt according to a certain proportion, sieving, and removing oversize particles;
(2) dissolving the uniformly mixed lead wire medicament in an organic solvent;
(3) feeding: uniformly distributing lead agent semifluid dissolved in an organic solvent on lead paper in a spraying manner;
(4) molding: manufacturing the lead paper coated with the lead agent semifluid into a lead to be dried by a lead machine;
(5) drying: and (5) placing the lead wire to be dried, which is manufactured by the lead wire machine, in a naturally cool and ventilated place to be dried, and drying to obtain the finished lead wire.
7. The process for preparing the micro-smoke lead according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl ether, ethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113461466A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 北京理工大学 | Fluoropolymer-based micro-smoke safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN113582788A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of dust-reducing safe and environment-friendly firework propellant |
| CN114436723A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Safe gunpowder and preparation method thereof |
| CN116514617A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-08-01 | 浏阳市荷花顺达环保材料厂 | Composite carbon reducing agent, propellant and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049932A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-11-14 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Flameless thermosensitive wire and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106397075A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 万载县建坤化工有限公司 | Safe blasting-fuse composition for firecracker |
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2020
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| US20020148540A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | Hiskey Michael A. | Low-smoke nitroguanidine and nitrocellulose based pyrotechnic compositions |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113582788A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of dust-reducing safe and environment-friendly firework propellant |
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| CN113461466A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 北京理工大学 | Fluoropolymer-based micro-smoke safe and environment-friendly firework blasting powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436723A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Safe gunpowder and preparation method thereof |
| CN116514617A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-08-01 | 浏阳市荷花顺达环保材料厂 | Composite carbon reducing agent, propellant and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049932A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-11-14 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Flameless thermosensitive wire and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200922 |