CN111678846A - Two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory - Google Patents
Two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional spray field measuring method based on a Mie scattering theory and a Fraunhofer diffraction theory, which comprises the following steps of 1, spray field division: the spray field is divided into j equidistant circular rings along the radial direction, and the distance between every two adjacent circular rings is D. Step 2, assuming the particle size distribution of a spray field; step 3, installing a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device; step 4, calculating the set rotation angle of the support frame each time; step 5, measuring the particle size distribution in the 1 st ring; step 6, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring; step 7, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring; step 8, repeating the step 7 until the particle size distribution measurement in the jth circular ring is completed; step 9, measuring the particle size distribution conditions in the spray fields under different set angles; and 10, measuring the particle size distribution in the spray fields with different spray elevations. The invention realizes the measurement of the particle size distribution of all liquid drops in the spray field by rotating the laser particle sizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the problem of spray particle size distribution detection in the field of fuel atomization, in particular to a two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on the Mie scattering theory and the Fraunhofer diffraction theory.
Background
The importance of aerospace propulsion system technology is becoming more apparent as human exploration space activities increase year after year. The liquid rocket engine has the advantages of high specific impulse, repeated starting, repeated use, adjustable thrust and the like, so that the liquid rocket engine has great attention in the development of human space technology, and fuel atomization becomes an important content for developing the liquid rocket engine. The function of a nozzle for a liquid rocket engine is to introduce a propellant into a combustion chamber at a flow rate, atomize it and mix it in a ratio to form a homogeneous mixture of fuel and oxidizer for gasification and combustion. The centrifugal nozzle is a nozzle widely used, and the principle of the centrifugal nozzle is that liquid enters a cyclone chamber through a tangential hole, an air core is generated on the axis of the nozzle due to violent centrifugal motion, a rotating conical liquid film is generated at the outlet of the nozzle, and then the conical liquid film is subjected to primary crushing and secondary atomization to finally generate liquid drops. The liquid propellant is widely applied to liquid rocket engines and a plurality of combustion devices, such as Russian NK-33, RD-58, RD-120, RD-170 and RD-180, and our new generation of high-thrust normal-temperature non-toxic propellant liquid rocket engines YF-100 and YF-115. Therefore, the influence rule of the atomization characteristic of the gas center centrifugal nozzle is obtained, and theoretical guidance can be provided for the design of the centrifugal nozzle. The method for enhancing the atomization characteristic of the gas center centrifugal nozzle is researched and obtained, and through reasonable optimization design of the nozzle, spray field distribution which is beneficial to efficient and stable combustion is realized, and the performance of an engine is improved.
The particle size of the spray is an important index for measuring the atomizing performance of the nozzle, and the laser particle size analyzer is a novel particle size testing instrument researched based on the Mie scattering theory and the Fraunhofer diffraction theory, and has been widely applied to various fields. Its advantages are high test speed, wide test range, high repeatability and reality, and simple operation.
Mie scattering: scattering occurs when the diameter of various particles (such as smoke, dust, water droplets, etc.) in the atmosphere is comparable to the wavelength of radiation, the intensity of scattered light is almost independent of frequency, and light of each frequency is scattered approximately equally as observed by the scattering of sunlight by a white cloud, so a cloud of clear sky is white.
Fraunhofer diffraction: one type of wave diffraction occurs when a field wave passes through a circular hole or slit, resulting in a change in the observed image size due to the far-field position of the observation point, and the nature of the diffracted waves outward through the circular hole gradually approaching the plane wave.
As shown in fig. 2, the laser particle analyzer is composed of a laser generating end 31 and a laser receiving end 32, wherein the laser generating end is mainly provided with a laser generator, a microscope, a collimating mirror and the like for generating a parallel laser beam 34, the laser receiving end mainly comprises a fourier lens 321, a photoelectric sensor 322 and a data processor 323, after the laser beam passes through a particle group 40 to be measured, because the energy distribution of the laser is changed due to the diffraction and scattering action of the liquid drops in the liquid fog on the laser, the scattered light irradiates the photoelectric sensor after passing through the Fourier lens, because the photosensor array is comprised of a series of concentric rings, each of which is a separate sensor, capable of linearly converting scattered light energy incident thereon into a voltage, then the particles are sent to a data processing device, and information such as the average diameter and distribution of the particles can be obtained through signal amplification, A/D conversion and computer algorithm processing.
The laser particle sizer measures the average information of all particles in the laser light path, and as shown in fig. 3, the conventional method is to place the laser particle sizer at the central axis of the spray field, where the particle size distribution of the spray is taken as the average data of the whole spray field. However, the actual nozzle atomization process is far more complicated than the ideal situation, and there are many ways for generating liquid droplets, for example, strong gas-liquid interaction can peel off the liquid droplets directly from the liquid film, huge turbulence energy in the liquid film can make the liquid droplets fall off, the liquid film is broken to form liquid filaments, and accompanying liquid droplets are generated at the same time. However, since the sprays at different positions have different particle size distributions, such as inside the conical liquid film, the number of droplets is often small, and the sizes of the droplets at the outside are obviously different, the description using the average data is inaccurate, which results in large influence on subsequent research work, for example, the combustion area cannot be predicted more accurately, the design of the injector cannot be optimized better, and the like. Therefore, it is difficult to measure the particle size distribution of the whole spray field by the particle size distribution at the central axis, and there is an urgent need for a measurement method capable of acquiring the particle sizes of all the droplets in the spray field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on the mie scattering theory and the fraunhofer diffraction theory, the two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on the mie scattering theory and the fraunhofer diffraction theory realizes measurement of the particle size distribution of all liquid drops in a spray field by rotating a laser particle sizer, so that a combustion area can be predicted more accurately, and the design of an injector is facilitated.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the two-dimensional spray field measuring method based on the Mie scattering theory and the Fraunhofer diffraction theory comprises the following steps.
Step 3, measuring the particle size distribution in the 1 st ring, which comprises the following steps:
and step 31, enabling the laser beam to correspond to the first circular ring.
Step 4, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring, which comprises the following steps:
and step 41, corresponding the laser beam to the second circular ring.
Step 42, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 2 nd circular ring, the inner side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 3 rd circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is S21+S22. Wherein S is21Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, S22Is the area of the optical path for the laser beam to pass through in the 2 nd circle.
Step 43, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as N2The law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 44, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring: suppose that the number distribution law of particles in the 2 nd ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
N22＝N2-N21(3)
step 5, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to j, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 52, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer rays of the laser beams are tangent to the ith circular ring, the inner rays of the laser beams are tangent to the (i + 1) th circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is Si1+Si2+…+Sii. Wherein S isi1Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, Si2For the laser beam passing through the area of the light path in the 2 nd circle, SiiIs the area of the optical path for the laser beam to pass through in the ith circle.
Step 53, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as NiThe law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 54, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring: suppose the distribution law of the number of particles in the ith ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
…
Nii＝Ni-Ni1-Ni2-…-Ni(i-1)(8)
and 6, repeating the step 5 until the particle size distribution measurement in the jth circular ring is completed.
wherein R is the radius of the spray field to be measured.
In step 31, step 41 and step 51, a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device is adopted to realize the alignment of the laser beam and the circular ring; the two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device comprises a support frame, a rotating mechanism and a laser particle size analyzer; the support frame includes stand and horizontal pole, and the laser particle analyzer is installed on the support frame, and laser generating end and the laser receiving terminal in the laser particle analyzer are located the both sides of nozzle respectively, and slewing mechanism drive support frame and laser particle analyzer are around stand synchronous revolution.
In step 31, the method for making the laser beam correspond to the first ring includes:
step 31A, adjusting the initial position of the laser beam: rotating the support frame to enable the laser beam to be at an initial axial position; wherein, the initial axial position is as follows: the horizontal cross rod is positioned right above the nozzle, the laser generating end, the nozzle and the laser receiving end are positioned on the same axis, and at the moment, the axial distance from the laser generating end to the center of the nozzle is L;
step 31B, the laser beam corresponds to the first ring: the support frame clockwise or anticlockwise rotation j theta angle, wherein, theta sets for the support frame turned angle every time, satisfies following computational formula:
in step 41, the method for the laser beam to correspond to the second ring includes: the supporting frame rotates anticlockwise or clockwise by an angle theta.
In step 51, the method for the laser beam to correspond to the second ring includes: the supporting frame rotates anticlockwise or clockwise by an angle i theta.
And 7, adjusting the set angle theta by changing the value of D or L, and repeating the steps 1 to 6 to measure the particle size distribution in the spray field under different set angles theta.
And 8, lifting the upright column to different heights, and repeating the steps 1 to 9, so as to measure the particle size distribution in the spray fields with different spray elevations.
The rotating mechanism comprises a base, a stepping motor, a rotating shaft and a turntable; the bottom end of the rotating shaft is connected with a stepping motor which is arranged in the base in a built-in mode, and the top end of the rotating shaft is connected with the turntable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the particle size distribution situation in the two-dimensional spray field can be comprehensively reflected, and the problem that the whole atomization characteristic of the spray in the space is difficult to express due to the fact that the prior art only detects partial areas of the spray field is solved.
2. Toper spraying two-dimentional inspection, because adopted height-adjustable's stand and length-adjustable's horizontal pole, adopted automatic control turned angle, only need guarantee on two supporting platform laser particle size appearance can the calibration, reached easy operation's purpose, and prior art adopts a plurality of motor control nozzles to carry out lateral shifting mostly, needs several motors of user's strict control to in practical application, some nozzle installations are complicated, are difficult to install on the movable beam. On the premise of strictly controlling the motor and ensuring various installation accuracies, the error measurement result is reliable, and the experimental requirements are met.
3. The precision of the test data of the invention can be higher and higher by reducing the division width D of the radial ring of the spray field when the spray nozzle sprays and making D equal to D.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art laser particle sizer measurement.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a measurement of the particle size distribution in a two-dimensional spray field according to the prior art.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view after the laser beam is rotated by a set angle θ.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the measurement of the 1 st circle by the laser beam.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the measurement of the 2 nd ring by the laser beam.
Among them are:
10. a support frame; 11. a column; 12. a horizontal cross bar; 13. a support platform; 131. a suspension rod;
20. a rotating mechanism; 21. a base; 22. a rotating shaft; 23. a turntable; 24. an angle controller;
31. a laser generating end; 32. a laser receiving end; 321. a Fourier lens; 322. a photosensor; 323. a data processor; a computer; 34. a laser beam;
40. particle swarm to be detected;
50. a nozzle; 51. a spray field; 52. a circular ring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
The two-dimensional spray field measuring method based on the Mie scattering theory and the Fraunhofer diffraction theory comprises the following steps.
wherein R is the radius of the spray field to be measured.
Step 3, measuring the particle size distribution in the 1 st ring, which comprises the following steps:
and step 31, enabling the laser beam to correspond to the first circular ring.
In the present invention, the alignment of the laser beam with the circular ring is preferably performed by using a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device, but other methods known in the art, such as a translation method, etc., may be used.
As shown in fig. 1, a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device includes a support frame 10, a rotating mechanism 20 and a laser particle size analyzer.
The laser particle sizer includes a laser generating end 31 and a laser receiving end 32. The data processor in the laser receiving end is preferably connected to a computer 33.
The support frame comprises a vertical column 11 and a horizontal cross bar 12.
The upright post is vertically arranged at the top end of the rotating mechanism and is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate along the axis of the upright post.
The rotation mechanism preferably includes a base 21, a stepping motor, a rotation shaft 22, and a turntable 23. The bottom end of the rotating shaft is preferably connected with a stepping motor which is arranged in the base through a coupler, and the top end of the rotating shaft is connected with the turntable. The stepping motor drives the turntable to rotate. The stepper motor is preferably connected to an angle controller 24.
The horizontal cross bar is horizontally arranged right above the nozzle 50, and one end of the horizontal cross bar is fixedly connected with the upright post and synchronously rotates along with the upright post. The nozzle is preferably a centrifugal nozzle and the spray from the nozzle is preferably a rotating conical liquid film.
The bottom of the horizontal cross bar at both sides of the nozzle is suspended with a supporting platform 13 through a suspension rod 131. The laser generating end and the laser receiving end are respectively arranged on the two supporting platforms.
Further, the stand height is preferred can go up and down, and horizontal pole can stretch out and draw back. Before measurement, the vertical column is lifted or the horizontal cross rod is stretched, so that the nozzle can be suitable for nozzles at different heights or horizontal positions. During measurement, by lifting the upright column, the particle size distribution in the spray field 51 at different spray elevations can be detected. By stretching the horizontal cross rod, the axial distance L from the laser generating end to the center of the nozzle can be adjusted.
The method for using the two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device to make the laser beam correspond to the first ring is preferably as follows:
step 31A, adjusting the initial position of the laser beam: rotating the support frame to enable the laser beam to be at an initial axial position; wherein, the initial axial position is as follows: the horizontal cross rod is positioned right above the nozzle, the laser generating end, the nozzle and the laser receiving end are positioned on the same axis, and at the moment, the axial distance from the laser generating end to the center of the nozzle is L;
step 31B, the laser beam corresponds to the first ring: the support frame clockwise or anticlockwise rotation j theta angle, wherein, theta sets for the support frame turned angle every time, satisfies following computational formula:
the laser beam is rotated from the initial position by an angle theta as shown in fig. 4.
Step 4, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring, which comprises the following steps:
and step 41, enabling the laser beam to correspond to the second circular ring, wherein the preferable method is as follows: the supporting frame rotates anticlockwise or clockwise by an angle theta.
Step 42, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 2 nd circular ring, the inner side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 3 rd circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is S21+S22As shown in fig. 6. Wherein S is21Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, S22Is the area of the optical path for the laser beam to pass through in the 2 nd circle.
Step 43, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as N2The law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 44, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring: suppose that the number distribution law of particles in the 2 nd ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein，
N22＝N2-N21(3)
Step 5, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to j, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 52, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer rays of the laser beams are tangent to the ith circular ring, the inner rays of the laser beams are tangent to the (i + 1) th circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is Si1+Si2+…+Sii. Wherein S isi1Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, Si2For the laser beam passing through the area of the light path in the 2 nd circle, SiiIs the area of the optical path for the laser beam to pass through in the ith circle.
Step 53, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as NiThe law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 54, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring: suppose the distribution law of the number of particles in the ith ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
…
Nii＝Ni-Ni1-Ni2-…-Ni(i-1)(8)
and 6, repeating the step 5 until the particle size distribution measurement in the jth circular ring is completed.
And 7, adjusting the set angle theta by changing the value of D or L, and repeating the steps 1 to 6 to measure the particle size distribution condition in the spray field under different set angles theta.
And 8, lifting the upright column to different heights, and repeating the steps 1 to 9, thereby measuring the particle size distribution in the spray fields with different spray elevations.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on the Mie scattering theory and the Fraunhofer diffraction theory is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, spray field division: dividing a spray field into j equidistant circular rings along the radial direction, wherein the distance between every two adjacent circular rings is D;
d is the width of the laser beam; the j equidistant rings are numbered as 1 and 2 … … j from outside to inside in sequence;
step 2, assuming the particle size distribution of a spray field: in the whole spray field, the droplets in each ring are assumed to be uniformly distributed and have the same distribution law, and are two-dimensional axisymmetric spray fields;
step 3, measuring the particle size distribution in the 1 st ring, which comprises the following steps:
step 31, enabling the laser beam to correspond to a first circular ring;
step 32, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 1 st circular ring, and the inner rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 2 nd circular ring; at this time, the total area of the laser beam passing through the spray field is equal to the optical path area S of the laser beam in the 1 st circle11；
Step 33, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as N1The law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 34, measuring the particle size distribution in the 1 st ring: suppose that the number distribution law of particles in the 1 st circular ring is
Then
And N is11＝N1(ii) a Wherein N is11Is an optical path area of S11Total number of particles in;
step 4, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring, which comprises the following steps:
step 41, corresponding the laser beam to a second ring;
step 42, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 2 nd circular ring, the inner side rays of the laser beams are tangent to the 3 rd circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is S21+S22(ii) a Wherein S is21Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, S22The laser beam passes through the area of the light path in the 2 nd circular ring;
step 43, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as N2Micro, microThe distribution law of the number of particles is recorded as
Step 44, measuring the particle size distribution in the 2 nd ring: suppose that the number distribution law of particles in the 2 nd ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
N22＝N2-N21(3)
step 5, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to j, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 51, enabling the laser beam to correspond to the ith circular ring;
step 52, emitting a laser beam: the laser generating end emits laser beams, the outer rays of the laser beams are tangent to the ith circular ring, the inner rays of the laser beams are tangent to the (i + 1) th circular ring, and the total area of the laser beams passing through the spray field is Si1+Si2+…+Sii(ii) a Wherein S isi1Is the optical path area of the laser beam passing through the 1 st ring, Si2For the laser beam passing through the area of the light path in the 2 nd circle, SiiThe area of a light path for a laser beam to pass through the ith circular ring;
step 53, granularity data recording: the total number of the particles obtained by the analysis of the laser receiving end is recorded as NiThe law of the number distribution of particles is
Step 54, measuring the particle size distribution in the ith ring: suppose the distribution law of the number of particles in the ith ring is
Then
Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
…
Nii＝Ni-Ni1-Ni2-…-Ni(i-1)(8)
and 6, repeating the step 5 until the particle size distribution measurement in the jth circular ring is completed.
2. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on mie scattering theory and fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 1, when the spray field is divided, the number j of the circular rings needs to satisfy the following calculation formula:
wherein R is the radius of the spray field to be measured.
3. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on mie scattering theory and fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 31, step 41 and step 51, a two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device is adopted to realize the alignment of the laser beam and the circular ring; the two-dimensional spray field particle size distribution detection device comprises a support frame, a rotating mechanism and a laser particle size analyzer; the support frame includes stand and horizontal pole, and the laser particle analyzer is installed on the support frame, and laser generating end and the laser receiving terminal in the laser particle analyzer are located the both sides of nozzle respectively, and slewing mechanism drive support frame and laser particle analyzer are around stand synchronous revolution.
4. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 31, the method for making the laser beam correspond to the first ring includes:
step 31A, adjusting the initial position of the laser beam: rotating the support frame to enable the laser beam to be at an initial axial position; wherein, the initial axial position is as follows: the horizontal cross rod is positioned right above the nozzle, the laser generating end, the nozzle and the laser receiving end are positioned on the same axis, and at the moment, the axial distance from the laser generating end to the center of the nozzle is L;
step 31B, the laser beam corresponds to the first ring: the support frame clockwise or anticlockwise rotation j theta angle, wherein, theta sets for the support frame turned angle every time, satisfies following computational formula:
5. the two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step 41, the method for the laser beam to correspond to the second ring includes: the supporting frame rotates anticlockwise or clockwise by an angle theta.
6. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 51, the method for the laser beam to correspond to the second ring includes: the supporting frame rotates anticlockwise or clockwise by an angle i theta.
7. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 6, characterized in that: and 7, adjusting the set angle theta by changing the value of D or L, and repeating the steps 1 to 6 to measure the particle size distribution in the spray field under different set angles theta.
8. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 7, characterized in that: and 8, lifting the upright column to different heights, and repeating the steps 1 to 9, so as to measure the particle size distribution in the spray fields with different spray elevations.
9. The two-dimensional spray field measurement method based on Mie scattering theory and Fraunhofer diffraction theory according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotating mechanism comprises a base, a stepping motor, a rotating shaft and a turntable; the bottom end of the rotating shaft is connected with a stepping motor which is arranged in the base in a built-in mode, and the top end of the rotating shaft is connected with the turntable.
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