CN111677017A - Hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of marine foundation and construction method - Google Patents
Hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of marine foundation and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111677017A CN111677017A CN202010509954.0A CN202010509954A CN111677017A CN 111677017 A CN111677017 A CN 111677017A CN 202010509954 A CN202010509954 A CN 202010509954A CN 111677017 A CN111677017 A CN 111677017A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation and a construction method. The specific construction method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of cement piles and stones for the hard-shell benthos to cling to and grow around the marine foundation, and scattering the young seeds of the hard-shell benthos into an area formed by the marine foundation, the cling piles and the stones. After the hard shell benthos attaching pile and stone grow, the young species are scattered for many times to supplement the gaps among the organisms until the original soil layer is completely covered by the biological anti-scouring hard shell layer formed by the marine foundation, the benthos and the soil body. The anti-scouring structure is simple in form, convenient to construct, cost-saving and high in compatibility of organisms and marine environment, effectively prevents scouring, and solves the problem that a protective layer of common throwing and feeding materials is prone to failure and the problem that marine engineering is prone to causing marine ecological damage to the marine environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ocean engineering, and particularly relates to a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation and a construction method.
Background
When the marine foundation is in service in the ocean, silt around the marine foundation often migrates under the action of hydrodynamic forces such as waves, water flows and the like, and then a scouring pit is formed. The formation of the scouring pit reduces the contact depth of the marine foundation and the surrounding seabed, reduces the bearing capacity and stability of the marine foundation, and can lead the marine foundation to overturn in severe cases, thereby causing great economic loss.
The conventional scouring protection around the foundation is passive protection, which is a protection means for improving the scouring resistance by starting from the seabed and the foundation and improving the way of foundation materials around the foundation. The common passive protection form is mainly stone throwing protection. The traditional riprap protection has a longer application history due to simple operation and lower cost. However, the single riprap protection is difficult to accurately position and lay in an underwater environment, and the laying engineering amount is large, the later maintenance cost is high, and the economy is poor; when the sand bed has a large scouring pit, the protection function can be lost by throwing stones, and the integrity is poor. Other passive protections, such as sacrificial piles, resist water erosion by forming artificial protective layers around the foundation, have poor protection durability, and the construction facilities matched with the protection often cause great damage to the marine ecological environment.
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing anti-scour measures, it is urgently needed to develop a novel anti-scour measure which is easy and convenient to operate, easy to obtain materials and environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation and a construction method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a crust benthos scour prevention structure on marine foundation, includes marine foundation and scour prevention main part, marine foundation's diameter is D, scour prevention main part is including depending on the stake, depending on stone and crust benthos, depends on the stake to arrange around marine foundation, depends on the stone and throws and arrange in depending on between stake and marine foundation region, and crust benthos is attached to and depends on the stake, depends on stone and the interstitial region between marine foundation and the pile stone structure grows.
The upper end of the attachment pile in the vertical direction is higher than the surface of the seabed, and 3 circles are arranged around the marine foundation in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the attachment pile is a cement soil mixing pile, and the diameter of the attachment pile is 0.2D-0.3D, and the diameter can ensure the optimal protection effect.
Preferably, the vertical depth value of the dependent pile is the same as the diameter of the marine foundation, namely D, and the upper end of the dependent pile is 0.3D-0.5D higher than the surface of the seabed; three circles are concentrically arranged with the marine foundation in the horizontal direction, 5 equally-spaced attached piles are arranged in each circle, and the radiuses of the three circles of attached piles are D, 2D and 4D from inside to outside respectively. Three circles of attachment piles are arranged, so that the protection effect of the scour prevention main body on the marine foundation can be further enhanced.
Preferably, the two adjacent circles of attached piles are arranged in a staggered pile position mode.
Preferably, the attached stones can be selected nearby, the stones are sandstone and conglomerate which are common stones on the seabed, and manpower and material resources do not need to be wasted to transport the stones; the stone has a particle size of 0.2-0.5 m, and provides better conditions for the growth of the crust benthos.
The hard shell benthos can grow by attaching to hard objects in a connected mode, is hard in shell, can survive in silt, is short in breeding and growth period and high in survival rate, and the shell is still hard after death or solidifies surrounding soil bodies.
Preferably, the hard shell benthos is oyster, and has the biological properties of hard shell, higher length than intertidal zone, nutrient fixation life and numerous reproduction at one time; the material can be attached to stones and cement piles for survival, and has extremely strong resistance to severe environment; the seedlings are short in attachment period and can grow only after being attached for 3 days, and the seedlings can grow for 3 months and have a hard shell scale to play a role in scour prevention; the growth lasts for 10-12 months and reaches maturity.
A construction method of a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation comprises the following specific steps:
s1, selecting proper offshore mixing pile construction machinery according to the environment of the marine foundation, and performing cement-soil mixing attachment pile construction in a horizontal annular mode that the upper end in the vertical direction is higher than the surface of the seabed;
s2, after the construction of the attachment pile is completed, selecting a biological attachment stone block nearby, and throwing the biological attachment stone block into a fixed area between the marine foundation and the attachment pile by using machinery;
s3, after the construction of the dependent piles and the dependent stone blocks is finished, scattering hard-shell benthos young seeds into the dependent piles and stone areas through pipelines, and waiting for the growth of the benthos young seeds to a mature period;
s4, scattering the hard-shell benthos young seeds again at intervals of 3 months, and waiting for the hard-shell benthos young seeds to grow to the mature period;
and S5, every 3 months, shooting by an underwater camera or manually observing by a diver, and detecting the coverage rate of a bio-layer formed by the hard shell benthos, the attached piles and the stone. Stopping construction when the coverage rate reaches 85% or more; if the scouring resistance strength is not reached, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the biological coverage rate meets the requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, after a plurality of attached piles and stones made of cement materials are arranged on the outer side of a marine foundation, hard-shell benthonic organism young seeds are scattered, and before the organism young seeds grow mature, the cement-soil attached piles can be used as a first defense line for preventing scour, and the attached stones are used as a second defense line for preventing scour; after the hard shells grow out from the young seeds of the hard shell benthos, a hard shell ring layer formed by organisms can be used as an anti-scour third defense line, so that the construction amount and the construction difficulty of marine foundation scour protection are reduced;
(2) the anti-scouring structure adopted by the invention is mainly a protective ring layer formed by biological attaching piles, stone structures, hard shell benthos and soil bodies, has high compatibility with the marine environment and has obvious environmental protection function;
(3) the cement attaching pile, the stone block and the hard shell benthos selected by the invention are common materials, the form of a marine foundation is not limited, and the invention has the advantages of convenient material acquisition, lower cost and easy wide application.
(4) The existing research shows that the biological coverage rate reaches about 50 percent, the seabed erosion can be obviously reduced, the biological coverage rate of the invention reaches more than 85 percent, and the invention also has the function of reinforcing the soil around the marine foundation, thereby having more ideal anti-scour effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the attachment piles and stones of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detail view of the hard shell bioadhesive of the present invention;
wherein, 1, marine foundation; 2. attaching piles; 3. attaching stone blocks; 4. a hard shell benthos.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the drawings and described in the specification are for understanding and reading the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is defined in the claims, and are not essential to the art, and any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments in size, which do not affect the efficacy and attainment of the same are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation and a construction method thereof comprise a marine foundation 1, an attached pile 2, an attached stone block 3 and a hard-shell benthos 4. The attachment pile 2 is arranged around the marine foundation, the attachment stone block 3 is thrown in the area between the attachment pile 2 and the marine foundation 1, and the hard shell benthos 4 is attached to the attachment pile 2, the attachment stone block 3 and the gap area between the marine foundation and the pile stone structure to grow.
The attachment piles 2 are cement soil mixing piles, the vertical arrangement mode of the attachment piles is equal-length arrangement, and the vertical depth is the same as the diameter of the marine foundation 1; the horizontal arrangement mode is the annular and arranges, and it depends on stake 2 to arrange three circles with marine foundation 1 is concentric, wherein every circle sets up 5 equidistant depending on stake 2, and every circle depends on the radius of stake 2 from interior to exterior to be D, 2D, 4D respectively, and adjacent outer lane depends on stake 2 and depends on a stake position arrangement of 2 crisscross with the inner circle.
The attachment stone blocks 3 are sandstone and conglomerate, have the diameter of 0.2-0.5 m, can be selected nearby and are uniformly distributed in the area between the marine foundation 1 and the attachment piles 2, and provide an attachment growth environment for the crust benthos 4.
Preferably, the hard shell benthos 4 is oyster, and after the oyster young seeds are scattered into the pile and stone area for the first time, the oyster young seeds are scattered again at intervals of 3 months; observing the growth condition of the oysters every 3 months, detecting the coverage area of the biosphere layer, and stopping the seeding process if the coverage rate in unit area reaches 85%.
The observation mode can be for the camera shooting under water or carry out the manual observation by the diver, preferred manual observation, if it is unsatisfactory to discover the oyster growth condition, can select the part to bring back, is convenient for analyze the reason and solve, is favorable to guaranteeing whole construction progress.
The whole anti-scouring structure is carried out according to the following steps during specific construction:
s1, selecting proper offshore mixing pile construction machinery according to the environment of the marine foundation 1, and performing the construction of the cement-soil mixing attachment pile 2 in a horizontal annular mode that the upper end in the vertical direction is higher than the surface of the seabed;
s2, after the construction of the attachment pile 2 is completed, selecting a biological attachment stone block 3 nearby, and throwing the biological attachment stone block into a fixed area between the marine foundation and the pile by using machinery;
s3, after the construction of the dependent piles and the dependent stone blocks is finished, scattering 4 young seeds of the crust benthos into the areas of the dependent piles 2 and the dependent stone blocks 3 through pipelines, and waiting for the young seeds to grow to the mature period;
s4, scattering 4 young seeds of the crust benthos again at intervals of 3 months, and waiting for the young seeds to grow to the mature period;
s5, shooting by using an underwater camera every 3 months from the first time of scattering 4 seedlings of the hard-shell benthos, and detecting the coverage rate of a bio-ring layer formed by the hard-shell benthos 4, the attached piles 2 and the attached stone blocks 3. If the coverage rate reaches 85% or more, stopping construction; if the scouring resistance strength is not reached, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the biological coverage rate meets the requirement.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a crust benthos scour prevention structure on marine foundation, includes marine foundation and scour prevention main part, characterized by, the scour prevention main part is including depending on the stake, depending on stone and crust benthos, it arranges around marine foundation to depend on the stake, depends on the stone and throws and arrange in depending on between stake and marine foundation region, and crust benthos is attached to and depends on the stake, depends on stone and the growth of the void region between marine foundation and the pile stone structure.
2. The hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of the marine foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the attachment pile in the vertical direction is higher than the surface of the seabed, and 3 circles are arranged around the marine foundation in the horizontal direction.
3. The hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dependent pile is a cement soil mixing pile with a diameter of 0.2D to 0.3D, wherein D is the diameter of the marine foundation.
4. A hard-shell benthos anti-scour structure for marine foundation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the vertical depth of said attachment piles is equal to the diameter of the marine foundation, i.e. D, and the height of the upper end of said attachment piles above the surface of the seabed is 0.3D-0.5D.
5. The hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of the marine foundation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the attachment piles are arranged in three circles concentrically with the marine foundation in the horizontal direction, 5 attachment piles are arranged in each circle at equal intervals, and the radius of each three circle of attachment piles is D, 2D or 4D from inside to outside.
6. The marine foundation hard shell benthos scour prevention structure of claim 5, wherein the adjacent two circles of attached piles are staggered by one pile position.
7. The marine foundation hard shell benthos erosion prevention structure of claim 1, wherein the attachment stone is sandstone or conglomerate, and the particle size is 0.2-0.5 m.
8. The marine foundation hard shell benthos erosion prevention structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hard shell benthos is oyster shell, its biological attribute is that the shell is hard, longer than the intertidal zone, the camp is fixed and lives, the one-time reproduction quantity is numerous; the material depends on stone blocks and cement piles to survive, and has extremely strong resistance to severe environment; the seedling attachment period is short, the seedling can grow after 3 days of attachment, and the seedling grows for 3 half months, namely the seedling has a hard shell scale at the beginning, so that the scour prevention effect is realized; the growth lasts for 10-12 months and reaches maturity.
9. A construction method of a hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of a marine foundation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, selecting proper offshore mixing pile construction machinery according to the environment of the marine foundation, and performing cement-soil mixing attachment pile construction in a horizontal annular mode that the upper end in the vertical direction is higher than the surface of the seabed;
s2, after the construction of the attachment pile is completed, selecting a biological attachment stone block nearby, and throwing the biological attachment stone block into a fixed area between the marine foundation and the attachment pile by using machinery;
s3, after the construction of the dependent piles and the dependent stone blocks is finished, scattering hard-shell benthos young seeds into the areas of the dependent piles and the dependent stone blocks through pipelines, and waiting for the growth of the benthos young seeds to a mature period;
s4, scattering the hard-shell benthos young seeds again at intervals of 3 months, and waiting for the hard-shell benthos young seeds to grow to the mature period;
s5, observing the growth condition of the hard shell benthos every 3 months, detecting the coverage rate of a biosphere layer formed by the hard shell benthos, the attached piles and the stones, wherein the coverage rate reaches 85% or more, and stopping construction; if the scouring resistance strength is not reached, repeating the steps S3 and S4 until the biological coverage rate meets the requirement.
10. The construction method of the hard shell benthos anti-scouring structure of the marine foundation as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step S5, the observation mode is manual observation by divers, and if the growth condition of the hard shell benthos is not ideal, the sample collection is brought back, so that the reason can be analyzed and solved in time, and the whole construction progress is guaranteed.
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| CN202010509954.0A CN111677017A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of marine foundation and construction method |
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| CN202010509954.0A CN111677017A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Hard-shell benthos anti-scouring structure of marine foundation and construction method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113789817A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2021-12-14 | 中国海洋大学 | Vortex-type maritime work foundation comprehensive scouring protection device based on multistage vortex breaking device |
| CN113915412A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-01-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Biological protection and reinforcement device for marine pipeline and application method thereof |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101387107A (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2009-03-18 | 马兴华 | Ecological riverbank with pile type wave-protection structure |
| CN104480961A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 华电重工股份有限公司 | Anti-scouring construction method for single-pile foundations of offshore wind power |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113789817A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2021-12-14 | 中国海洋大学 | Vortex-type maritime work foundation comprehensive scouring protection device based on multistage vortex breaking device |
| CN113915412A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-01-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Biological protection and reinforcement device for marine pipeline and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |